Biblical Chronology. in the. Old Testament

Transcription

1 Biblical Chronology in the Old Testament Michael A. Levine

2 Unpublished: 2014 Michael A. Levine Michael A. Levine Sierra Madre, CA U.S.A.

3 This book is dedicated, all those authors, who ok the time, talk me, by writing a book. I thank you, all.

4 Note carefully: For the sake of clarity, didactic commas are used, in the English text, parse the sentences, in phrases, in order assist those readers, whose first language is not English. Most of the quotes, in this book, have suffered minor editing, principally, changes in capitalization, and, punctuation, in order present a more uniform style. Similarly, the spelling of ancient names has been made uniform, wherever possible. And, there are numerous insertions, in parentheses, explain the quoted text. Therefore, when using a quotation, in another work, the user should consult the original quote, rather than quoting the quote, as used here. Also, the chapter and verse references for quotes from the Old Testament (OT) match the numbering for the Masoretic Hebrew texts. Hence, the numbers do not always match the King James Version (InterLin), the New International Version (NIV), or the Septuagint (LXX).

5 Biblical Chronology 867 PHARAOHS, PART 5 The 27th Dynasty In a previous chapter, the conquest, of Egypt, by Cambyses, the King of Persia, who was the son of Cyrus, the Great, was noted. Cambyses came Egypt, in 525 BC, and, defeated Psamtek (III), the last pharaoh, of the 26th Dynasty. This starts the 27th Dynasty, the Persian Dynasty. Cambyses spent three full years, in Egypt. During his fourth year, in Egypt, he received word, of a palace coup, by the Magian, Smerdis. It was, in Syria, at a city named Ecbatana, while, on his way, back Persia, that, he died. Thus, Cambyses died, in 522 BC. pf. 747 p. 750 p. 750 HER 3:65 HER 3:66 The Persians ruled Egypt, from Cambyses, until the end, of the Persian empire, when, Darius (III) was defeated by Alexander (III), the Great, except for a period, of revolt, when, Egypt was, for a time, free. The portion, of Persian rule, from Cambyses, in Egypt, until the end, of Darius (II), is called the 27th Dynasty. Cambyses, in Egypt years Darius (I) years Xerxes years Artaxerxes (I) years (interregnum) years Darius (II) years Total: 27th Dynasty years AncEg-225 HER 3:67 HER 7:4 DIO 11:69 DIO 11:69 DIO 12:64,71 DIO 12:71 The 28th Dynasty When, Darius (II) died, in 404 BC, Amyrtaeus led a successful revolt, in the delta region, of Egypt, thus, becoming the King of Lower Egypt. He is limited, Lower Egypt, because, he is, probably, a descendant, of the Amyrtaeus, mentioned, as controlling the Nile Delta, in 459 BC. In 404 BC, the king, of Persia, Artaxerxes (II), was occupied, with a revolt, of his own, by his brother, Cyrus. Cyrus was, eventually, killed, in battle, in 401 BC. The army, of Cyrus, escaped, the Black Sea. From there, the army went west, the Bosphorus, where, they, formally, elected their leader, Xenophon, be their general, in 399 BC. Amyrtaeus was the only king, of Egypt, in the 28th Dynasty. He ruled for, only, five years, per the quotes of Manetho s lists, of the dynasties. This is the same five years, that, Artaxerxes was occupied, with the revolt, by his brother. THU 1:110 DIO 11:77 DIO 14:11 DIO 14:23 DIO 14:28 DIO 14:31 DIO 14:37 AncEg-225 See above.

6 868 Biblical Chronology The 29th Dynasty AncEg-225 DIO 14:79 HER 2:154 DIO 15:2 EgPh-375 There are, usually, only, two pharaohs, who are listed, for the nineteen years, of the 29th Dynasty: Nepherites (I), and, Achoris. During this time, Artaxerxes (II) was, still, involved in wars with the Greeks. So, the dynasty is mentioned, by Diodorus, only in passing, when, Nepherites supplied men, and, food, the Greeks, who had been allies, of the Egyptians, since Psamtek (I). The dynasty is mentioned a second time, again, only in passing, by Diodorus, when, Achoris supplied more men, and, food, the Greeks A third king, Nepherites (II), son of Achoris, ruled for, just, four months, and, hence, often, is omitted from the list, of kings. Nepherites (I) years Achoris years Nepherites (II) months Total: 29th Dynasty years The 30th Dynasty AncEg-225 WB-941 WB-942 Three pharaohs are listed, for the 37 years, of the 30th Dynasty: Nectanebo (I), Teos (Tachos), and, Nectanebo (II). These are their Greek names. In Egyptian, the two Nectanebo names can be differentiated, as Nekht-heru-heb, and, Nekht-neb-ef. EgPh-375 WB-942 WB-388b Though early listings put Nekht-heru-heb ahead of Nekht-neb-ef, most modern Egyplogists, put Nekht-heru-heb, last, as Nectanebo (II), and, put Nekht-neb-ef, first, as Nectanebo (I). F å = ne-khat ne-khat ro-o-f. Û ª F å = = Nekht Nekht-neb(?)-ef. = ne-khat = powerful, strong, literally, by means of the stick. WB-419a Û = ro-o = doorway, ( big mouth ). WB-258a ª = -f = his. See below. DIO 15:41 DIO 15:43 Nekht-neb(?)-ef translates as: Strong, like his (Harihor s) powerful doorway ( the temple). Artaxerxes (II) sent an army, in 374 BC, under the command of Pharnabazus, reconquer Egypt. The war started in the beginning, of the summer. After establishing a beachhead, the Persians waited, while, the Egyptians retreated, Memphis, prepare for a siege.

7 PHARAOHS, PART From their fortress, in Memphis, the Egyptians, continually, raided the Persians, until, the Nile, circa Ocber, flooded. Thus, the Persians were defeated, and, Egypt maintained its independence, under Nectanebo (I). In 362 BC, the whole western end, of the Persian empire, revolted. Among them, was Teos, (Tachos), the son of Nectanebo (I). Tachos, unwisely, went the battlefront, conduct the war, himself. In fact, when the Egyptian army was near Phoenicia, the general, who was left behind, run Egypt, revolted, against Tachos. That general convinced Nectanebo (II), son of Tachos, become the King of Egypt. DIO 15:43 DIO 15:90 DIO 15:92 q Q \ ä = amen-mer-ne-khat kharu-khab-it. = Amen-mer Nekht-heru-heb. WB-941(383) q = i-min = Amon (Zeus). WB-51b, ciii Q = mer = love(s) (verb), desired. WB-309b = ne-khat = powerful, strong. WB-388b \ = kharu. = Horus, the god of the heavens. WB-500a ä = khab = festival. WB-474a = it = the noun suffix (fem.). WB-815a = nut = city. = determinative, for a city. WB-350b WB-cxxvii Amen-mer Nekht-heru-heb translates as: God (Amon) desired the powerful, at the Horus Festival. Thus, by 361 BC, at the Horus Festival, Nectanebo (II) was the pharaoh. And, Tachos fled Artaxerxes (II), where he was well received, and, was made a Persian general, in the war against Egypt. Shortly thereafter, Artaxerxes (II) died, and, was succeeded by his son, Ochus, who ok the title, of Artaxerxes (III). Diodorus says that, Tachos came back, and, with the help of Agesilaus, of Athens, defeated Nectanebo (II). But, others say the reverse, that, Agesilaus defected, from Tachos, Nectanebo, and, helped the Egyptians defeat the Persians, under Tachos. DIO 15:92 DIO 15:93 DIO 15:93 DIO 15:93, note 1.

8 870 Biblical Chronology AncEg-225 EgPh-176 DIO 15:92 DIO 16:40, note 2. This latter makes more sense, since, Nectanebo (II) ruled for 18 years. (Quirke and Spencer say 17 years, with Tachos 2 years. But, Gardiner says 18 years. And, Diodorus allows, only, one year, for Tachos.) Artaxerxes (III) tried, unsuccessfully, reconquer Egypt, in 350 BC. Diodorus describes the final vicry, by Artaxerxes, as if it were in the year 350 BC. But, in fact, the final vicry was in 343 BC. The exact date, of the defeat of Nactenebo (II), by Persia, is not important, because, it was the end, of the Egyptian military dynasties, in Egypt. Chronologically, it is, only, important that, the end, of the 30th Dynasty, happened before the end, of the reign, of Artaxerxes (III). Nectanebo (I) years Teos (Tachos) year Nectanebo (II) years Total: 30th Dynasty years The 31st Dynasty The continuation, of Persian rule, in Egypt, is called the 31st Dynasty. Manetho, probably, did not, actually, list this second Persian dynasty, because, he was concerned, only, with the Egyptian dynasties. DIO 17:5 DIO 17:5 DIO 17:5 DIO 17:5 DIO 17:5 DIO 17:32 DIO 17:61 On the Persian calendar, wherein Month 1 is April, Artaxerxes (III) ruled for another 5 years, until 338 BC, when, he was poisoned, by his trusted friend, Bagoas, who put Arses, the youngest son, of Artaxerxes, on the throne. Bagoas, then, poisoned all the older brothers, of Arses. The other brothers were, all, in their early twenties, just, barely of age. Thus, Bagoas would have been the regent, for Arses, the youngest son. But, Arses had a mind, of his own. So, Bagoas killed Arses, and, the young children, of Arses, in the third year of his reign, 336 BC. Thus, Arses reigned for, only, two years. Bagoas, then, chose a certain Darius, as heir, the throne. This was Darius (III), son of Arsanes, son of Otanes, brother of Artaxerxes (II). Thus, Darius (III) is the great-grandson of Darius (II). Darius (III), fearing an end, like Arses, proposed a ast, Bagoas, but, made Bagoas drink from the cup, that was set, for the king, use. Thus, Bagoas died, in the same fashion, as he had killed others. Darius (III), as King of Persia, ruled Egypt, until 332 BC, when, he was defeated, by Alexander (III), the Great, at Issus. Darius (III), still, was King of Persia. He died two years later, in 330 BC, near Arbela.

9 PHARAOHS, PART Thus, on the Persian calendar, the 31st Dynasty, in Egypt, has three kings: Artaxerxes (III), five years, Arses, two years, and, Darius (III), four years, for a tal, of eleven years. In those days, the Egyptian regnal calendar began in mid-november, about, seven months later, than, on the Persian calendar. So, for the same tal years, it may be, that, it is Artaxerxes (III), four years, Arses, three years, and, Darius (III), four years. This would happen, if, Artaxerxes died, before completing the Egyptian regnal year. Then, that partial year is accorded Arses. Hence, the year numbering is changed. Persians, in the Persian empire: Artaxerxes (II) years Artaxerxes (III) years Arses years Darius (III) years Persians, in Egypt: Artaxerxes (III) years Arses years Darius (III) years Total: 31st Dynasty years Following the 31st Dynasty, the Macedonian kings can be viewed, as an interregnum period, prior the dynasty, of the Plemies. Or, it can be noted, that, Alexander (III) was greeted as a liberar, conquering Egypt without striking a blow. And, furthermore, it can be noted that, he went the oasis, at Siwa, be acclaimed, as the civil king. Thus, the 31st Dynasty was the last, of the military dynasties. Similarly, the 21st Dynasty was the last, of the civil dynasties, and, as will be shown, it included the Macedonian kings, and, the first of the Plemies. pf. 671 p. 407 DIO 13:108 DIO 15:93 DIO 17:5 DIO 17:73 DIO 15:93 DIO 17:5 DIO 17:34 DIO 17:49 DIO 17:50 See below. The 21st Dynasty The 21st Dynasty begins with priests, of Amon, who became pharaohs. The first, of these priests is known, variously, as Harihor, Smendes, and, Nes-ba-neb-djed. It will be shown, that, these are, all, the same person. Harihor was the High Priest, of Amon-Re, at the Temple of Khonsu, at Karnak, built during the reign of Ramses (XI), the last Ramses. Breasted says Ramses (XII). This is seen, from the various dedications, on the Temple of Khonsu, where, Khonsu is the Moon-God, not the Sun-God. AREg WB-553a Harihor continued the construction, of the Temple of Khonsu, by building a large covered porch, (a hypostyle), at the front of the temple.

10 872 Biblical Chronology AREg AREg WB-935(325) WB-935(324) Dedication on the hypostyle, of the temple: High Priest of Amon-Re, King of Gods, commander in chief of the armies of the South, and, the North, the leader, Harihor, triumphant: He made it as his monument, for the House-of-Khonsu-in-Thebes-Beautiful-Rest, making, for him, a temple, for the first time, in the likeness of the horizon of heaven, extending his temple, as an external work, enlarging his monument before. Another dedication on the hypostyle, of the temple:... Lord of the Two Lands: Men-maat-ra Setep-en-ptah; Lord of the Diadems: Ra-mes-ses Khom-uaset Mer-ra Amen-natchar Hoka-Un-u, given life: Lo, the desire of his majesty was enlarge the house of his father, House-of- Khonsu-in-Thebes-Beautiful-Rest, in order that, his shrine might be covered, by doing benefactions for his ka. That is what the Son of Ra, Ramses, (XI), beloved of Khonsu, made for him, (Ramses (X)). Thus, Ramses (XI) had Harihor put a roof on the courtyard with the pillars, in front of the temple made by Ramses (X). The words, Lord of the Diadems, is where one, usually, finds Son of Ra. So, the concept, of a Son of Ra name, has been dropped. A diadem is a royal headband, which wraps around the head, as opposed a crown, which sits on p of the head. The diadem is the Greek symbol, of royalty, as seen on their coins. AREg At another dedication on the hypostyle, of the temple: High Priest of Amon-Ra, King of Gods, Harihor, triumphant: He made (it), as his monument, for the House-of-Khonsu-in-Thebes-Beautiful-Rest, making it, for him, the Wearer-of-Diadems, for the first time, of fine white sandsne, exalting his Great Palace with electrum; adorned with every splendid costly sne; enlarging his house forever; with labor, making it be like the horizon of the great gods, at the feast, when, he appears born-again ; an august (thing) of fine gold and every costly sne; like Ra, when, he is born-again. Thus, the last Ramses has changed the religion, from worshiping Ra, the Sun-God, a religion, that worships all the heavens. He has abandoned the large crowns, of Upper, and, Lower, Egypt, and, replaced them, by a simple diadem. Harihor is his High Priest. Note that, this is the first time, that, a temple has been made for all the heavens.

11 PHARAOHS, PART Ramses (XI) is called Hoka-Un-u, Ruler of Un, or, Un-u, where Un is, also, called On (Greek), where, Egyptian has no real O. Un is the City of Columns, where, Seti (I) filled Heliopolis with obelisks, or, pillars. The other Greek name, for Un, is Heliopolis. WB-512b AREg & B? ò j œ = ro-mes-ses khom uasit. = Ramses Kham Uas-it. WB-935, (325, begin) & = ro = Ra, the Sun God. WB-418a B? ò j œ = mes-ses = mes-su (correctly). = son of. WB-321b = khom = make bow down. WB-535b = uas- = Thebes. WB-149a = -it = it (noun), the city. Thus, Ramses Kham Uas-it, in the first half of his Son of Ra name, means: Son of Ra, Who Makes the City of Thebes Bow Down,. Q ë F Ð Œ j ì Q ë F Ð Œ = ma-rar i-min natchar kho-ko iun-nu. = Merar Amon Nachar Hoko Unu. WB-935, (325, end) = ma-rar = love. WB-309b = i-min = Amen, usually, but, here: = i-min = hidden. WB-51b = natchar = Nature = God. WB-408b = kho-ko = ruler. WB-513a j j ì = in = column, pillar. = iun. = iun-nu = columns (plural). = The City of Columns. WB-58b EgH-72 And, Merar Amon Nachar Hoko Unu, the second half of Ramses s Son of Ra name, means: To Love the Hidden God, (Nature), Ruler of Un, the City.

12 874 Biblical Chronology AREg WB-936 (327b) After Ramses has died, Harihor s titles are expanded, and, glorified. He is called Son of Amon, High Priest of Amon. His father is, now, Amon-Ra. His Lord of the Diadems name is, now, Siamon-Harihor, where Siamon is written as Ssa-Amon = Son of Amon. WB-936, (327b) ë F Ô ô! \ = i-min ssa khar-kharu. = Si-Amon Harihor. WB-51b ë F = i-min = Amen = Amon (Zeus). WB-583b Ô ô = ssa = son. WB-494a! = khar = chief, overseer. WB-500a \ = kharu. = Horus, the god of the heavens. Thus, Si-Amon Harihor = Son of Amon, Chief God of the Heavens. WB-937(336) EgPh-317 The first pharaoh, of the 21st Dynasty is Nes-ba-neb-djed, which means He, who belongs the Ram(?), of Djed, or, The Man from Djed, where, the City of Djed (Columns) is the City of Un. WB-937(336) WB-51b WB-309b WB-389b ë F P 7p Î ÖÖ ë F P 7p = i-min mar ness ba neb djed-it. = Amon-mer Nes-ba-neb-djed. = i-min = Amen = Amon (Zeus). = mer = love(s) (verb), desired. = ness = belonging. WB-199b Î = ba = soul (life, virility). WB-357a = neb = all, everyone. WB-914a ÖÖ = djed = pillar, column. = -it = it (noun), the city. Thus, Amon-mer Nes-ba-neb-djed means Amon loves the soul, of everyone, belonging Djed, the City.

13 PHARAOHS, PART The Greek name, for the first pharaoh, of the 21st Dynasty is Smendes. Mendes is a city in the northeastern part of the Nile Delta, but, that is unrelated the city of Djed, Heliopolis, which is near Cairo, at the southern point, of the Nile Delta. Smendes, E:,<*0H, is from F:,<-)0H, where :,< is the same as :0<, which is an emphatic word meaning true. The initial letter, F, is added, either, for fluency, or, as a reflexive particle. The word, )4H (nominative), is the old form, of )4@H, which means god, or, specifically, Zeus. Thus, Smendes, E:,<*0H, means Of the True God (Zeus = Amon) (genitive). EgPh-316 Liddell-444 Liddell-628 IntrGrk-98 Liddell-175 HER 2:42 Note that, Harihor is the son, of Amon. He cannot be the son of Ra, or, he would be another Ramses, which, apparently, he is not. Having, thus, shown, by translating the Egyptian names, that, Harihor, Smendes, and, Nes-ba-neb-djed, are, all, the same person, let us, now, look at when, he was a priest, and, when, he was the king (pharaoh). The lengths, of the reigns, of the kings, of the 21st Dynasty are given by Manetho, or, rather, by those who quote Manetho, since, the works, of Manetho, are no longer extant. The primary sources, of quotes, are the summaries, by Africanus, and, Eusebius, who, in their turn, are known us, only, through others, such as Syncellus. Manetho, via both, Africanus, and, Eusebius, as quoted by Syncellus, says, that, Smendes ruled for 26 years. MAN-155 MAN-vii MAN-xvi MAN-xvii MAN-155 MAN-157 While, Smendes was king, his son, Pai-Ankh, was the High Priest. And, after him, Pai-Nadjom, son of Pai-Ankh, was the High Priest. ˆ F ô WB-936(328) WB-936(329) = Pai-Ankh = My Life. WB-936(328) = pai = my, mine. AB-229b ˆ F ô = ankh = life. WB-124b Ô ô ˆ F = Pai-Nadjom Ssa Pai-Ankh. = My Sweet, Son of Pai-Ankh. WB-936, (329a) = na-djom = sweet. WB-412a Ô ô = ssa = son. WB-583b

14 876 Biblical Chronology The genealogy, of the priests, is seen from various temple dedications. AREg AREg AREg AREg AREg AREg MAN-155 AREg MAN-155 See below. AREg Pai-Nadjom, triumphant, son of the High Priest of Amon, Pai-Ankh, triumphant, High Priest of Amon-Ra, King of Gods, Pai-Nadjom, triumphant, son of Pai-Ankh, triumphant,.... Live, the High Priest of Amon-Ra, King of Gods, Lord of Offering, Pai-Nadjom, triumphant, son of the High Priest of Amon... Pai-Ankh, triumphant: He (Pai-Ankh) made it (the pylon), as his monument, his father (Harihor), (at) Khonsu-in-Thebes-Beautiful-Rest, making for him (Harihor, his father), a great and august pylon, over against his (Harihor s) temple. The pylon is the gateway, the hypostyle, of the temple. Since, it is Harihor s temple, the first He must refer Pai-Ankh, and, not Pai-Nadjom. Hence, Harihor is the father of Pai-Ankh. Pai-Ankh may have been king, for a time, because, he is mentioned, by Pai-Nadjom, as being the one, who placed him upon the throne. Or, Pai-Ankh may have let his son ascend, the throne, directly, since, Pai-Ankh is not listed as a king, by Manetho.... (for him), a temple, for the first time (anew), of fine white sandsne, as an excellent eternal work, even that, which a son does, who does benefactions for his father, who placed him (the son) upon his (the father s) throne: King of Upper and Lower Egypt: Kheper-kha-ra Setep-en-amon; Son of Ra, of his body, his beloved: Pai-Nadjom Meri-amon. In Manetho, Pia-Nadjom is listed as Psusennes (Q@LF,<<0H), who directly follows Smendes (E:,<*0H). Africanus says he ruled 46 years. Eusebius says he ruled 41 years. This will be resolved, later. While Psusennes, was king, there was very little new construction, of buildings. Hence, there were very few inscriptions. However, there was a major effort rewrap, and, re-enmb, many of the ancient kings. The linen, used rewrap the mummies, was dated, as when, it was made. And, who reinterred the mummies was, also, written on the linen. Thus, the genealogies, of the priests, can be followed. And, from the dates, on the linens, the minimum number of years, for the reigns, of the kings, can be determined.

15 PHARAOHS, PART Year 6, Month 3, Season 2, Day 7: On this day, the High Priest of Amon-Ra, King of Gods, Pai-Nadjom, son of the High Priest of Amon, Pai-Ankh, sent the chief overseer, of the White House (the white sandsne temple?), Pai-Nefer-Har, re-inter King Oa-kheper-en-ra (Thutmose II). AREg Since, here, neither, Pai-Ankh, nor, Pai-Nadjom, is called king, the Year 6 must be from the reign, of Harihor, as king. Year 8, Month 3, Season 2, Day 29: The majesty of the King of Upper and Lower Egypt, Lord of the Two Lands, Kheper-kha-ra Setep-en-amon, Pai-Nadjom Meri-amon, ( him) Life, Prosperity, Happiness, (L. P. H.), sent give a place King Neb-pekhti-ra (Ahmose I). AREg Here, this is Year 8, of Pai-Nadjom, as king. Year 16, Month 4, Season 2, Day 11: The High Priest of Amon-Ra, King of Gods, Masaheret, son of King Pai-Nadjom, L. P. H., sent re-inter this god, by the hand of the scribe of the White House, scribe of the temple, Penamon, son of Sutimose. AREg Thus, Masaheret is the son of Pai-Nadjom. Later, based on an inscription, in the temple of Luxor, there was a second son, Menkheperra, who, also, had become the High Priest. Thus, his older brother must have died. There cannot be two High Priests. Resration of the monument, which the High Priest of Amon-Ra, King of Gods, Menkheperra, triumphant, son of the Lord of the Two Lands, Pai-Nadjom Meri-amon, made, in the house of his father, Amon, of Luxor. AREg Menkheperra had a son, named Pai-Nadjom (II), who was High Priest, during the reign of King Amenemopet, (his Son of Ra name). Linen, which, the High Priest of Amon, Pai-Nadjom, son of Menkheperra, made, for his lord. Khonsu, Year 3. King of Upper and Lower Egypt: Usermara Setepenamon (Amenemopet): Linen which the High Priest of Amon, Pai-Nadjom, son of Menkheperra, made for his father, Amon, in Year [---]. Manetho says that Usermara-Setepenamon Amenemopet-Meramon, known, in the Greek, as Amenophthis (!:,<TN24H) ruled for, only, nine years. AREg AREg MAN-155

16 878 Biblical Chronology AREg AREg 4-322, note f. MAN-155 See below. See below. MAN-155 MAN-157 MAN-155 See below. King of Upper and Lower Egypt, Lord of the Two Lands: Meramon Amenemopet: Linen, which the High Priest of Amon, Pai-Nadjom, son of Menkheperra, made for his lord, Amon, in Year 22(??). The translar noted that, the year number was uncertain. Since, the rule of Amenemopet was, only, nine years, the number was, probably, a six. Í Í ôô = 22. But, it could be a ôô ôô ôô = 6, if, the p was unclear. In between Pai-Nadjom, and, Amenemopet, was Nephercheres, for four years. After Amenemopet has been identified, the possibility of a king, for four years, before Amenemopet, will become evident. Similarly, after Amenemopet has been identified, the possibility that the reign of Osochor overlapped Nephercheres will become evident. Osochor ruled for six years, followed by Psinaches, for nine years. The last king, listed by Manetho, is Psusennes (II), who ruled for 35 years, per the quotes, by Eusebius. Africanus says that Psusennes (II) ruled for, only, 14 years. As will be shown, the 35 years, quoted by Eusebius, is for the full reign, of Psusennes, while, the 14 years is for, only, the early years, of Psusennes. Amenemopet King Africanus Eusebius Smendes 26 years 26 years Psusennes (I) 46 years 41 years Nephercheres 4 years 4 years Amenophthis 9 years 9 years Osochor 6 years 6 years Psinaches 9 years 9 years Psusennes (II) 14 years 35 years 21st Dynasty 114 years 130 years pf. 747 See below. AncEg-224, as amended. See below. The 26th Dynasty ended with Psamtek (III), in 525 BC, when, Cambyses, of the 27th Dynasty, conquered Egypt. After, Cambyses left Egypt, in 522 BC, Setnakht united Egypt, start the new civil 20th Dynasty, all of whose kings were named Ramses. That dynasty started in 519 BC. The 20th Dynasty ended in 404 BC. Hence, it lasted 115 years. Note that, this is the year, when, Darius (II), the last king, of the military 27th Dynasty (Persian), lost Egypt, in 404 BC, Amyrtaeus, who is the only pharaoh, of the 28th Dynasty. One would expect, therefore, that, a new civil dynasty, the 21st Dynasty, would start, then, in 404 BC.

17 PHARAOHS, PART Based on the numbers, from Eusebius, one would put the start, of the reign, of Amenemopet, 71 years later, which is, about, 333 BC. EgPh-447 That puts the nine year reign, of Amenemopet, as from 333 BC, 324 BC. But, note that, the reign, of Alexander (III), the Great, in Egypt, is from 332 BC, 323 BC, also, nine years. Hisry has treated Alexander, the Great, as if, he were a military ruler, of Egypt, in which case, one should align the rule, of the civil pharaoh, Amenemopet, with the reign, of the military pharaoh, Alexander. Let us go one step farther. Let us speculate, that, Amenemopet is Alexander, the Great, himself, accepted by Egypt, as their civil pharaoh. Alexander, in Egypt Alexander... marched down Gaza, which was garrisoned, by Persians, and, ok the city, by srm, after a siege, of two months. King Alexander set, in order, the affairs, of Gaza, and,... he, himself, with all his army, marched onward Egypt, and, secured the adhesion, of all its cities, without striking a blow, because, since, the Persians had committed impieties, against the temples, and, had governed harshly, the Egyptians welcomed the Macedonians. Having settled the affairs, of Egypt, Alexander went off the Temple of Ammon (Eg. = Amon), where he wished consult the oracle, of the god. DIO 17:48 DIO 17:49 DIO 17:49 The oracle, of the god, is the High Priest, Menkheperra. From the Nile Delta, the trip went westward, along the coast, and, then, southward, across the desert the Siwa Oasis. When, he had advanced halfway, along the coast, (ward Cyrene), he was met by envoys, from the people of Cyrene, who brought him a crown, and, magnificent gifts. When, he came the desert, and, waterless part, he ok on water, and, began cross a country covered with an infinite expanse of sand. In four days, their water had given out,... when, suddenly, (on day 5), a great srm, of rain, burst, from the heavens, ending their shortage, of water. DIO 17:49 DIO 17:49 DIO 17:49

18 880 Biblical Chronology DIO 17:49 They refilled their containers from a hollow, in the ground, and, again, with a four days supply, marched for four days, (days 6-9), and, came out of the desert. After eight days, of travel, they are, about, 120 miles south of the coast. They are, now, at the Siwa Oasis. The city, there, is called Ammonium. DIO 17:49 DIO 17:50 DIO 17:50 (edited) AREg AREg Then, after a journey, of one day, (day 10), he approached the sanctuary. The land, where the temple lies, is surrounded by sandy desert, and, waterless waste, destitute of anything good for man. The oasis is fifty stadia, (about, six miles), in length, and, breadth, and, is watered by many fine springs, so that, it is covered with all sorts of trees, expecially those valued for their fruit. All the people, of Ammonium, dwell in villages, in the midst, of which, there is a fortress secured by triple walls. The first surrounds the palace, of the ancient rulers; the second, the harem,..., as well as, the sanctuary, of the god, and, the third, the barracks, of the king s guards. The arrival, of Alexander, the Great, at Siwa, is recorded, in the Stele of the Banishment, also, called the Maunier Stele. (After), Month 4, Season 3, (June), on the fifth (epagomenal) day, the Birth of Isis, corresponding the Feast of Amon, at the New Year, the majesty of this august god (Alexander), lord of gods, Amon-Ra, king of gods, appeared, and, came the great halls, of the House of Amon (the temple), and, rested before the (outer) wall, at Amon (the city). Alexander, at this time, is, still, just, a king. But, after his visit, the temple, he is revered, as a god. He is greeted well, by the High Priest. AREg The High Priest, of Amon-Ra, king of gods, commander in chief, of the army, Menkheperra, triumphant, went him (Alexander), and, praised him, exceedingly, exceedingly, many times. And, he founded, (for him), his offering, even (every good thing). Here, founded is the Old English meaning, of supplied food, for him, and, his men. And, Menkheperra gave Alexander offerings, be given the god, in the temple, And, he made him, and, his men, comfortable, in their encampment.

19 PHARAOHS, PART When, Alexander was conducted, by the priests, in the temple, and, had regarded the god, (the idol), for a while, the one, who held the position of prophet, (Menkheperra), an elderly man, came him, and, said: Rejoice, Son. Take this form of address ( Son ), as from the god, also. He (Alexander) replied: I accept, father ( Menkheperra, representing the idol). For the future, I shall be called Thy Son. DIO 17:51 DIO 17:51 Thus, Alexander, is, now, called the Son of God, as is required by the civil pharaohs. The proof, of his (Alexander s) divine birth, will reside in the greatness of his deeds. Formerly, he has not been defeated, so, now, he will be unconquerable for all time. DIO 17:51 Similarly, the Maunier Stele talks of Alexander s divine birth.... while I was in the womb, when, Thou (Amon) didst form (me), in the egg, when, Thou didst bring me forth, [ the great joy], of the people. AREg Alexander questions the idol. The image of the god, (the idol), is encrusted with emeralds, and, other precious snes, and, answers those, who consult the oracle, in a quite peculiar fashion. DIO 17:50 The idol answers, by nodding its head, repeatedly, as will be seen. But, the Greeks, generically, call this sound symbols (NT<0H FL:$@8@4H,); that is say, the idol answers, using sign language. (Alexander asks): Tell me if Thou givest me the rule of the whole earth. The priest (Menkheperra), now, entered the sacred enclosure, (of the idol), and,... (the idol) proclaimed, by sound symbols, that, of a certainty, the god had granted him his request. DIO 17:51 DIO 17:51 (edited) Thus, in Greek fashion, Alexander has received a favorable omen. Note that, it is the priest, Menkheperra, who is operating the idol. And, Alexander spoke, again: The last, O Spirit, of my questions, now, answer. Have I punished all those, who were the murderers, of my father, or, have some escaped, from me? DIO 17:51

20 882 Biblical Chronology DIO 17:51 The prophet shouted: Silence! There is no mortal, who can plot against the one, (the god), who begot him, (you). All the murderers, of Philip, (the father, of Alexander), however, have been punished. The same question is recorded, in the Maunier Stele. AREg Then, the High Priest, Menkheperra, triumphant, went the great god (the idol), saying: As for any person, of whom, they shall report, before thee, saying (He is) the slayer, of the mortal people, (Alexander s father), [---], did thou destroy him? Did thou slay him? The statements, of the High Priest, the idol, have been rephrased, here, as a question, the idol, as is the proper format. AREg Then, the great god nodded, exceedingly, exceedingly. So, o, the Maunier Stele records the same answer. The High Priest wanted something, in return, for his services. He wanted amnesty for the Egyptian slaves, who had been sent the desert, for punishment, by the Persians. This was, probably, a less desirable oasis, farther the south. AREg Then, the High Priest of Amon, Menkheperra, triumphant, recounted him, (the idol), saying: O, my good lord, there is a matter. Shall one recount it? Then, the great god nodded, exceedingly, exceedingly. Then, he went, again, the great god, saying: The matter is about these slaves, against whom, you are angry, who are in the oasis, where they are (one is) banished. Then, the great god nodded, exceedingly. Meanwhile, this commander of the army, (Menkheperra), with his hands uplifted, was praising, (talking ), his lord, (now, Alexander), as a father talks with his own son. Thus, the two men discussed their problems, gether. Then, when, all was agreed, the priest asked the idol, for concurrence. AREg Shall Thou hearken my voice, on this day? And, shall Thou [relent] ward the servants, who have been banished the oasis? And, shall they be brought back, Egypt, ( the Nile)?

21 PHARAOHS, PART The great god nodded, exceedingly. But, the priest wanted it in writing, not, just, as words, in the air. Then, he, (Menkheperre), spoke, again, saying: [O, my lord], as for writing, which any [king] makes, in order bring it (in being), let it be said: [---]. Then, the great god nodded, exceedingly. Then, he went, again, the great god, saying: O, my lord, shall Thou make a great decree, in Thy name, that no people of the land shall be [banished] the region of the distant oasis, nor [---], from this day on? Then, the great god nodded, exceedingly. He spoke, again, saying: Shall Thou say, that, it shall be made in a decree, upon a stele, (and) [---], (and), set up in thy cities, abiding, and, fixed, forever? Apparently, the great god nodded, exceedingly, because, we have, just, read the sry, of that order, from a stele. To become the civil pharaoh, of the South, and, the North, of Egypt, it was required, that, Alexander travel Thebes, receive the crown, of the South. He does this, in the company of Menkheperra. Year 25, Month 1, [Season 1, (July)],... the High Priest of Amon-Ra, king of gods, commander in chief of the army, Menkheperra, [---] companion of his footsteps, while their hearts rejoiced, because, he, (Alexander), had desired come the South, in might, and, vicry, in order make satisfied, the heart of the land, (the desires of the people), and, expel his enemies, (so) that, he might give [---], as they were, in the time of Ra. Year 25 is the 25th year, of the king, Alexander, who, now, as a god, was king, from his birth. Alexander arrived in Egypt, in 332 BC. Twenty-four years earlier, is, then, 356 BC, the year of his birth. Similarly, Alexander had just reached manhood, (age 20), in 336 BC, when, he became king, upon the death, of his father, Philip (II). Thus, again, 356 BC is the correct year, for his birth. The date, within the year, is calculated on the civil calendar. Since, he arrived at Siwa, on New Year s eve, on the day before the new year, it must, now, be Month 1, of Season 1, when, he goes Thebes. AREg DIO 17:49 DIO 17:3 DIO 16:94 AREg AREg 4-318

22 884 Biblical Chronology AREg DIO 17:72 AREg See DIO 17:51 (last line). He arrived at the city, (Thebes, circa Month 2), with a glad heart. The youth, of Thebes, received him, making a jubilee, with an embassy before him. The jubilee, was, probably, a series of athletic events, done in his honor. The majesty of this august god, (Alexander), lord of gods, Amon-Ra, [lord of] Thebes, appeared, (in a procession). [---], that he, (Menkheperra), might [honor?] him greatly, very greatly, and, establish him, (Alexander), upon the throne, of his (Menkheperra s) father, (Pai-Nadjom), as High Priest of Amon-Ra, king of gods, commander in chief, of the armies, of the South, and, of the North. He, (Alexander, as a god, and, king), decreed him, (Menkheperra), many gracious wonders, (expensive gifts), as never had been seen, since the time of Ra. Besides being crowned, as a king, and, honored, as a god, Alexander founded a city, Alexandria. This is noted, both, in the Greek, and, in the Egyptian, records. DIO 17:52 AREg (See below.) He decided found a great city, in Egypt, and, gave orders, the men left behind, with this mission: build the city, between, the marsh, and, the sea. Year 25, Month 3 (4!), Season 3, Day 29, which is the Feast of Amon-Ra, king of the gods. At this feast [---]. [Then], the majesty of this august god was [at] Thebes. Then, he ok (his) way scribes, surveyors, people [---]. The expression, ok (his) way, means that, he ld the initial planners, how build the city, his way, as he desired the city, be built. DIO 17:52 AREg AREg Davies-12 AREg AREg The sequence, of events, in Diodorus, puts the founding, of the city, as, after Alexander went Siwa. The mention, of Thebes, in the Egyptian records, puts the founding, of the city, as, after his going Thebes. The traditional translation, of the Maunier Stele, appears record the founding, of the city, as coming first. However, the direction, in which, the columns are be read, can, in Egyptian, be from right left, or, from left right. So, only logic can order the events. The Feast of Amon is noted, on the stele, is Month 3, Season 3, (May), in one place, and, is at the end, of the year, after Month 4, Season 3, (June), in another. It should be at the end, of the year, in late June.

23 PHARAOHS, PART Alexander was at the walls, of the temple of Amon, at Siwa, on the last day, of the civil year, when, Menkheperra came meet him. Thus, Alexander was in Siwa, in Month 1, in the next civil year. Thus, it was later, in Season 1, that, he was in Thebes. AREg See above. Logic says that, it would, only, be after his fine reception, in Thebes, that, he would decide, build a great city, in Egypt. Furthermore, the references leaving instructions, the workers, just before, he left, with his army, go in Syria, meet Darius (III), would put the founding, of his city, in Season 2, after Thebes. Thus, he, probably, left, go Syria, in Season 3, in the spring, of 330 BC. DIO 17:52 AREg Alexander, in the 21st Dynasty Nes-ba-neb-djed, who had been known as Harihor, before he was king, was king, for 26 years. Since, he was the High Priest, during the 30 year reign, of Ramses (XI), he was, probably, about, 60 years old, or, older, when, he became king. Thus, he would be, about, 85 years old, when, he died. Thus, his son, Pai-Ankh, would have been, about, 65 years old, when, he became the king, for an unknown number of years. At age 65, his reign may have been, just, a formality. His son, Pai-Nadjom, may have become the next king, directly. Pai-Nadjom would have been, about, 45 years old, at that time. Menkheperra, the second son, of Pai-Nadjom, would have been, about, 20 years old, when, his grandfather became the king. By the time, that, Alexander became the king, the regnal year number was up Year 49. So, Menkheperra would have been, about, 70 years old, by then. This fits his description, as the old man, of Siwa. See above. MAN-155 AncEg-224 AREg AREg AREg AREg DIO 17:51 On one of the, unused, mummy linens, is written: King of Upper and Lower Egypt, Amenemopet, Year 49. AREg Alexander became the king, 48 years after the start, of the 30th Dynasty, a military dynasty. The start year is 332 BC - 48 years = 380 BC. Thus, 380 BC must, also, be the first year, of a new civil pharaoh. Those 48 years are filled by Pai-Nadjom, (and, his father, Pai-Ankh), for 41 years, plus, Arses, directly, for 3 years, on the Egyptian calendar, plus, Nephercheres, for 4 years. Since, Year 49 aligns with Alexander, the Great, let us identify his name, with the Egyptian, Amenemopet. It has, already, been noted, that, the reigns of both, Alexander, and, Amenemopet, are, each nine years. The meaning, of the name, Amenemopet, also, makes sense. See above. See above, and, also, MAN-155 See above. See below.

24 886 Biblical Chronology Quirke-67 WB-51b ë ë F š { F = imen em ipet = Amen-em-opet. = imen = Amon, god. WB-264a š = em = from, out of = -mi. WB-41a WB-41a { Ä = ip = adjudge, hence: { = ipet = the judgement. Thus, Amen-em-opet means: A god, from the judgement. Another form, of the name, is: WB-937(339) WB-ciii WB-309b q q H š { = imen imen-mer em ipet = Amen-em-opet. q q H = imen = Amon. = imen mer = Amon s love. š { = em ipet = from the judgement. Thus, Amen Amen-mer-em-opet means: A god, god s love, from the judgement. WB-52a Various related forms are given, such as, for a temple, dedicated Alexander, as Amenemopet, or, in Greek, Amenophis (!:,<TN4H). Thus, his visit Siwa, is referenced, in the name, Amenemopet. If, Amenemopet is accepted, as Alexander, then, Nephercheres makes sense, as the Egyptian, who was in charge of the Lower Nile, where, the word, Nepher, relates the good land, of the Nile, and, the word, cheres, the overseer, during the reign, of Darius (III), in Egypt. WB-1000a WB-1006a WB-264a Note that, Nepher may have been shortened from Men-nepher, the city of Memphis. The initial Me- would be dropped, in the Greek, if, they thought, that, it was the Egyptian preposition me, meaning from. MAN-154 F w ëë = nepher khar-ii = Nephercheres (;,N,DP,D0H). WB-370a WB-494a F w ëë = nepher = good, pretty. = khar-ii = chief, overseer. (derived) F F w ëë = men-nepher khar-ii. = Mnepher-cheres (9<,N,D-P,D0H). = Overseer of Memphis.

25 PHARAOHS, PART When, Alexander conquered the Persian army, in 332 BC, he, thereby, deposed the Egyptian priest, who was the satrap, of the Nile delta. DIO 17:34 Since, Nephercheres ruled, in Memphis, the pretty city, his counterpart, Osochor, would be ruling in Thebes. The exact Egyptian form, of his name, is not known, but, one can make an educated guess. œ w œ w ëë œ w = uas khar = Osochor (?F@PTD = K"F@-PTD). MAN-154 = uas = Thebes. WB-973a = khar-ii = chief, overseer. WB-494a = uas khar-(ii), = Osochor(es) (?F@PTD(0H) = K"F@-P,D0H). = Overseer of Thebes. (derived) Osochor, probably, ruled, for the six years, from 338 BC, 332 BC, including, when Arses ruled the delta, which would not affect Thebes. The Egyptian priest, who served next, at Thebes, would be Psinaches. Psinaches, then, served during the nine years, of Alexander s reign, from 332 BC, 323 BC, until the death, of Alexander. Before, Alexander left Egypt,, again, fight the Persians, he reorganized the civil government, of Egypt. He, as it was before, split the country in two regions, offering one region Doloapsis, and, the other Petisis. Petisis declined the appointment. Thus, politically, Doloapsis was left in charge, of all of Egypt. Doloapsis is not listed, by Manetho. He may be a Persian satrap, because, his name appears be Persian. After, Alexander died, in Babylon, in 323 BC, his body was brought, two years later, in an ornate carriage, in 321 BC, Egypt. It was on its way Siwa, be buried, there, as he had requested. However, Plemy (I) decided that, Alexander should be buried, in the city, of Alexandria. A large memorial building was planned. In the mean time, his coffin, and, the carriage, had be sred. These were sred, at Memphis, for forty years, before, they were moved, Alexandria, by Plelmy (II), Philadelphus. His body, however, appears have been sred, separately, in a secret mb, in Tanis. The humble coffin, of Amenemopet, was found, in a mb, in Tanis, in 1940 (AD), alongside that of Psusennes (I), Pia-Nadjom. It is not surprising, that, this coffin was not very ornate. It was not the original coffin. The original coffin, of Alexander, was made of hammered gold. MAN-155 MAN-155 ARR-154, (3:5). HPl-15, n.3 DIO 18:26 DIO 18:28 HPl-19 EgPh-324 P_Sea-159 DIO 18:26

26 888 Biblical Chronology P_Sea-159 A scarab, from Siamon, was found, in the mb, in Tanis, where, the body was hidden. Thus, continuing the reburial efforts, of the previous kings, of the 21st Dynasty, Siamon had hidden the body, of Alexander. And, he left his scarab, as a sign, say who authorized the reburial. Siamon AncEg-224 DIO 20:96 EgPh-447 Siamon ruled Egypt, after Amenemopet, for nineteen years. These nineteen years, following Alexander, the Great, are from 323 BC, 304 BC, which is when, Plemy (I), Soter, first claimed be king. The, last known, dated item, from Siamon, is in Year 17. That would indicate a 16 year reign, for Siamon, from 321 BC, when he arrived in Egypt, with Alexander s body, until 304 BC, the seventeenth year. Let us do some speculating. Let us speculate, that, Siamon is Plemy, as governor of Egypt, before he declared himself be king. P_Sea-183 Siwa-132 P_Sea-Pl.15 Siwa-Fig.20 P_Sea-Pl.15 Siwa-Fig.23 Siwa-134 HPl-57 n.1 The mb, of Siamon, is not in Tanis, where the Amenemopet mummy was found. The mb, of Siamon, was discovered, at Siwa, in The mb has a painting, of Siamon, and, his younger son. The skin, of Siamon, is light yellow. His younger son s skin is reddish brown. Siamon, and, his son, both have tight curly black hair. Both have a thin pointed nose, and, a small chin. The son wears a Greek style cape. The mb has a painting, of Siamon, and, his wife, and, their older son. His wife is a brown Egyptian. His older son has light skin, like his father. Elsewhere, that son s skin is called >"<2@6@:"H, yellowish. The honey-colored, yellowish, skin, of Siamon, is typical of some high yaller black people. That is, it is typical, of some people, who are half-black, and, half-white, or, one-fourth black, and, three-fourths white. Yaller is, often, confused with the color yellow. But, it means mongrel, as in one yaller dog, etc. This color issue gives new insight in the malicious rumors that, the grandfather, of Plemy, was an unknown Egyptian, of no rank. HPl-21 The malicious comment is found, in the answer, a question, that was asked, by Plemy (I). The answer was: I will tell you (the answer, your question), if you, first, tell me, who was the father, of Lagus. Lagus was the father of Plemy. The inference, of the malicious reply, is, that, the father, of Lagus, was an Egyptian, or, a North African.

27 PHARAOHS, PART This sneering, racist, remark implies, that, Lagus, himself, was lightskinned, so that, it was not obvious, that, he was half black. Lagus married a Macedonian, named Arsinoe. Thus, Siamon, his son, was one-fourth black. Plemy did not have coins, with his profile on them, until late in his life. So, it is not known, what he looked like, as a young man. The coins, that, we do have, show him, with his queen, Berenice. He has a small double chin, and, his (curly?) hair is flattened, in a pomade. Plemy (I) was, about, age 50, in 316 BC, when, he married Berenice, after Philip (III), Arrhidaeus, was killed, by Olympias. Previously, Plemy had married Eurydice, in 321 BC, shortly after Alexander (III), the Great, had died. Before that, Plemy had married a Persian, Artacama, in 326 BC, after Alexander (III) had conquered that country. HPl-21 Seaby #2703 HPl-52 DIO 19:11 HPl-52 DIO 17:117 HPl-51 DIO 17:107 All these marriages were political. So, it would not be out of character, for Plemy, have married an Egyptian, circa 331 BC, after Alexander had conquered Egypt. Taking an Egyptian wife, in 331 BC, would have been quite natural, for Siamon, or, Plemy (I), since, he was, already, part Egyptian. Furthermore, he would have had have been married, an Egyptian, of a royal blood line, legitimize his becoming a pharaoh. And, the mb, of Siamon, shows, that, he did, in fact, have an Egyptian wife. The mb, of Siamon, was prepared, but not used. His name is not in a caruche. The caruches, that are there, do not yet have any writing, in them. What titles use, apparently, had not yet been decided. HPl-53 Siwa-Fig.23 P_Sea-184 When, Siamon decided, that, he could call himself king, and, use his Macedonian name, Plemy, he needed a new mb, for himself, and, his family, that befitted a king, and, was in the delta, not at a desert oasis. The Genealogy of Siamon The translations, of the names, of Siamon, his father, and, his mother, lend credence the speculation, that, he is Plemy (I). The wife, of Siamon, is called Rait, which means Consort of Ra. But, the, actual, name of the wife, of Siamon, is obliterated. Since, her name is at the end, of where her name is written, Rait must be her title. It is the equivalent of King s Wife. Thus, Siamon is the king. WB-418a Siwa-144, Fig.23

28 890 Biblical Chronology WB-418a ( Ô 8 = ro-it = Consort of Ra = King s wife. WB-371a The mother, of Siamon, is called pretty face, a common female name. F ª w Ô 8 = nepher-khar-it = pretty face (fem.). The name, of the father, of Siamon, uses the symbol <, a walking reed. It is necessary look at the true meaning of this symbol, in order understand the meaning, of the name, of the father, of Siamon. Generally, < = i-ii, and, means flow, of whatever is the determimative. WB-30a WB-30a < ëë < ëë º = i-ii = come, go, (non-directional). = the concept of a flow of things. = i-ii = come, go, (non-directional). WB-30a WB-30b This is for a group, of things, because of the sign, the dual. < ëë º! ª = i-ii-u = posterity, literally: = the group, of men, come. Thus, this is the concept of the flow, of people, through time. < ëë º = i-ii = fish, a swimming (flowing) fish. But, because i-ii is three i s, in a row, it can be pronounced as i-u. This is a plural form. However, if, you look for i, alone, you will find, only, the word for he. So, the Egyptian singular, of i-ii, seems be i-a, distinguish it from, just, the pronoun i = he. WB-15a WB-15a WB-15a WB-16a WB-16a ë! ë X % ë X & = i = he who, that, which. = i-a = glory, praise, an outflow of words. = i-a-it = a moment, (the unit flow) of time. But, i-a can, also, mean an island, and, i-u, the islands. ë X 5 : 5F ô ª = i-a = an island. = i-u-u ta-u = islands lands.

29 PHARAOHS, PART The plural, of an island, is i-u, just as if, the singular were, just, i. The plural ending, on ta-u, is match the plural ending on i-u-u. The, apparent, double plural, on i-u-u, is because, the islands are in groups. The sign, 5F, for islands, must be pronounced iu. Otherwise, the plural would have be pronounced ia-u-u, which makes no sense. Now, let us look at the name, of the father, of Siamon: O < ë»! = par iu-i-it-u. Siwa-134 The text quotes the -it-, in the name, but, the pictures, in the book, do not. Therefore, it will ignored, in the translation, of the name. Siwa-Fig.19, Fig.20, Fig.30 O = par = go forth. WB-240a < < ë! < ë»! = iu = islands. See above. = iu-i = (a man) of the islands. = iu-i-u = (men) of the islands = the Greeks. O < ë»! = par iu-i-u. = go forth, the islanders (Greeks). Siwa-134 Thus, the father, of Siamon, was named Pariuiu, which means He, who went forth, the islanders (the Greeks). Since, Pariuiu is the one, who went the Greeks, he is from Egypt. If, he, as Lagus, is the one, who married Arsinoe, then, he is lightskinned, like Siamon, thus, causing the nasty comment, mentioned earlier. And, Arsinoe is Pretty Face, the mother, of Siamon. See above. So, Siamon is one-fourth Egyptian. And, he has an Egyptian wife, whose title is Rait, (King s Wife). Thus, Siamon was satrap, of Egypt, during the time, following the death, of Alexander (III), the Great, before becoming king, as Plemy (I). Psusennes (II) The last priest, of the 21st Dynasty, was Psusennes (II). Eusebius says that, he ruled for 35 years. Assuming that, this was during the reign, of Plemy (I), up the end, of his reign, then, it was from 317 BC, 282 BC, the year, that, Plemy (I), Soter, died. HPl-55