Kennesaw Driving Tour

Transcription

1 Kennesaw Driving Tour Covering the area from Cartersville to Mableton and the events which occurred in May and June, 1864 including New Hope Church, Pickett s Mill, Dallas, Mountain, Kennesaw Mountain, Powder Springs, Smyrna, and Mableton.

2 2 1 st Printing MAY /0/2/ Eastern Digital Resources. All Rights Reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced by any means without the express written consent of the copyright holder. Published by: Eastern Digital Resources 5705 Sullivan Point Drive Powder Springs, GA Sales@Researchonline.net Tel. (803)

3 3 Introduction This site and the books and CD-ROMS we produce are dedicated to telling the story of the men who fought at Kennessaw. While many accounts have been written of the battle, this site takes a different approach, telling the story of the battle in the words of the men who were actually there. It gives accounts of the events which occurred in May and June, 1864 including New Hope Church, Pickett s Mill, Dallas, Pine Mountain, Gilgal Church, Lost Mountain, Kolb s Farm, Kennesaw and Cheatham Hill. This interactive tour includes over 200 sites identified in the greater Marietta area. You may choose to visit only the Civil War related sites or include such world famous and important landmarks as the Big Chicken. The Kennesaw Mountain corridor covers an area that is 30 miles wide and 60 miles long encompassing more than 1500 miles. While you can traverse the area in an afternoon, the breadth and depth of resources for detailed study of this area and the events which occurred here can bring a lifetime of enjoyment. Points of Interest files for both Garmin and Tom-Tom GPS devices make the driving tour fun and easy to navigate the more than 1,500 square miles which encompassed the battles and skirmishes in north Georgia in June of 1864 that culminated in the battle of Kennesaw Mountain. The database which is the heart of this innovative product includes the full text of all the Historical Markers in the area along with the GPS coordinates allowing you to do a virtual tour using Google Earth and compare current and period photographs side by side. It also links to on-line sites and books including local histories and first hand accounts all linked by the GPS coordinates so you can enjoy the We Were There accounts in a way never before possible. This driving tour is best used in conjunction with the book / CD We Were at Kennesaw which are available on our web site at

4 4 How to Use this CD-ROM This CD-ROM includes Points of Interest files for the Garmin, Tom-Tom, and other popular GPS devices. You should load the one needed for your device and follow the directions to find each of the sites.

5 5 The Atlanta Campaign Overview The Kennesaw Mountain corridor covers an area that is 30 miles wide and 60 miles long encompassing more than 1500 miles. While you can traverse the area in an afternoon, the breadth and depth of resources for detailed study of this area and the events which occurred here can bring a lifetime of enjoyment. Along the way from the Etowah River south of Cartersville to the Chattahoochee River north and west of Atlanta we've featured over 200 other sites relating to the Civil War and another 50 or so of general historical interest. All have the GPS coordinates so you can locate the exact spot the event occurred and many feature Historical Markers.

6 6 The Principle Sites Museums and other sites: You can pick up the tour at any point, or make your own itinerary, Generally the sites are organized north to south and from west to east. The Big Chicken N. Cobb Parkway - Marietta The Marietta Confederate Cemetery Powder Springs Street - Marietta The Marietta National Cemetery Washington Ave. - Marietta The Southern Museum of Civil War and Locomotive History Cherokee Street - Kennesaw The Marietta Museum of History - 1 Depot Street - Marietta The Gone With the Wind Museum - 18 Whitlock Avenue - Marietta The Georgia Military Institute Powder Springs Street SE, Marietta Camp McDonald - Cobb Parkway NW (U.S. 41) north of Dobbs Drive

7 7 Battles: New Hope Church Pickett's Mill Dallas Pine Mountain Lost Mountain & Gilgal Church Noonday Creek Kennesaw Mountain Pigeon Hill Cheatham Hill

8 8 Kolb's Farm

9 The Big Chicken After months of evading tactics and flanking movements and under increasing pressure from Lincoln and Grant, William Tecumseh Sherman, commander of the Union forces was heard to say, Tell General Grant, goddammit, I'm not afraid to fight. And so he wasn't, and to prove his machismo, here at Kennesaw he sacrificed 5,000 of his men in one morning, June 27, One hundred years later in 1863, on this spot, a Southern Gentleman, S. R. Tubby Davis, owner of a greasy spoon diner, Johnny Reb's Chick, Chuck and Shake constructed this Big Chicken in the shadow of Kennesaw Mountain as a monument to Sherman's Finest Nightmare. Today, The Big Chicken is a local landmark and is generally used locals to tell any visiting yankees where to go.that's my story and I'm sticking to it The Marietta Confederate Cemetery Powder Springs Street - Marietta This Cemetery is the final resting place of 3,000 Confederate Soldiers. The graveyard was established in 1863 on the then-outskirts of town next to the Old Marietta Cemetery, which in turn adjoins Marietta City Cemetery. The first burials were soldiers who died in nearby hospitals and in a severe train wreck nearby. Burials continued during the battle for Kennesaw Mountain three miles north of town, then ended when the town fell. The people of Marietta refused to inter their dead alongside those of the Union and resumed burying them in the informal Confederate graveyard, with its owner's permission. The burial ground on the Cole property, meanwhile, grew to hold the remains of thousands of Union dead, most of them unknown and relocated from battlefields around northwest Georgia. It became the nucleus for the Marietta National Cemetery.

10 The Marietta National Cemetery Washington Ave. - Marietta Originally known as the Marietta and Atlanta National Cemetery, the Marietta National Cemetery was established in 1866 to provide a suitable resting place for the nearly 10,000 Union dead from Sherman s Atlanta Campaign. Henry Cole, a local merchant who remained loyal to the Union throughout the war, offered land for a burial ground for both Union and Confederate dead. His hope was that by honoring those who had fallen together, others might learn to live in peace. Unfortunately, both sides clung to their bitterness and neither North nor South would accept Cole s offer toward reconciliation. When this effort failed, 24 acres were offered to General George H. Thomas for use of a national cemetery. In 1867 a second offer of land Cole was accepted and a subsequent purchase of additional acreage in 1870 brought the cemetery to its present size of a little over 23 acres.medal of Honor Recipient Private Dennis Buckley The Southern Museum of Civil War and Locomotive History Cherokee Street - Kennesaw The Southern Museum of Civil War and Locomotive History Cherokee Street - Kennesaw Wildman's Civil War Surplus The Best Little War House in Kennesaw 2879 N Main St NW,Kennesaw GA They carry all sorts of goodies, buttons, books, relics and stuff on the CIVIL WAR, WORLD WAR I, WORLD WAR II, and more. They also carry reproduction uniforms, weapons, canteens, tents, flatware, and whatever else you may need The Marietta Museum of History - 1 Depot Street - Marietta

11 The Marietta Museum of History - 1 Depot Street - Marietta The Gone With the Wind Museum - 18 Whitlock Avenue - Marietta The Gone With the Wind Museum - 18 Whitlock Avenue - Marietta The Georgia Military Institute Powder Springs Street SE, Marietta The Georgia Military Institute Powder Springs Street SE, Marietta Camp McDonald - Cobb Parkway NW (U.S. 41) north of Dobbs Drive Camp McDonald The Great Locomotive Chase In April 1862 Union raiders stole a locomotive at Big Shanty starting the Great Locomotive Chase through north Georgia and into Tennessee The Principle Battles The battle sites are organized the date of the event.you can pick up the tour at any point Lacy Hotel On Big Shanty Rd, Kennesaw (Big Shanty), (On the right when traveling west) them

12 Locomotive General On Big Shanty Rd (Cherokee Street ), Kennesaw (Big Shanty ), (On the right when traveling west)this Tablet marks the spot at which the LOCOMOTIVE GENERAL was captured by Andrews Raiders morning of April 12th, 1862 Capt. Jas.J. Andrews, with twenty volunteers from Sill's Brigade, Mitchell's Corps, U.S.A. and a citizen of Kentucky, all dressed as civilians, captured the General at Big Shanty, April 12,1862, while the train crew and passengers were taking breakfast. The purpose of the capture was to destroy the bridges on the Western & Atlantic R.R., and thereby cut off the Confederate Army from its base supplies. Conductor W.A. Fuller accompanied by Engineer Jeff Cain and Anthony Murphy, Foreman of the W.& A. Shops, commenced pursuit on foot. They soon secured a hand car and in spite of obstructions placed on the track by Andrews Raiders, made rapid progress. They found the engine Yonah at Etowah, and the pursuit then was at such a rapid pace, that serious damage to the railroad by the Raiders was impossible. The General was abandoned by the Raiders on account of lack of fuel and the close pursuit of Conductor Fuller and his party. Jas.J. Andrews, Flemingsburg Ky. M.A. Ross, 2nd. Ohio Vol. Inf. G.D. Wilson, Co. B.,

13 13 C.P. Shadrach, Co. K., J.M. Scott, Co. F., 21st S. Slavens, Co. E., 33rd S. Robertson, Co. C., W.H. Campbell Citizen Were executed in Atlanta as spies. Jno. A. Wilson, Co. C., 21st Ohio Vol. Inf. Mark Wood, Co. C., J.R. Porter, Co. C., W.W. Brown, Co. F.,

14 14 Wm. Knight, Co. E., D. A. Dorsey, Co. H., 33rd Martin Hawkins, Co. A., John Wollam, Co. C., Escaped from prison and reached the Union Lines. Wm. Pittenger Co. C 2nd Ohio Vol. Inf. Jacob Parrott Co. K 33rd Wm. H. Reddick Co. B Rob Buffum Co. H 21st Wm. Bensinger Co. G

15 15 E. H. Mason Co. K Were exchanged from Lib Prison.Prominent among the pursuers were... Smith Site - Moon's Station On Baker Road NW, Kennesaw, (On the left when traveling north)a wood-shed, water-tank, siding & log house. Here, April 12, 1862, the pursuers of the Andrews Raiders [US] - Fuller, Cain & Murphy [CS], acquired a push-car from section foreman Jackson Bond, which carried them 14 mi. down grade to the Etowah River. Oct. 3, A Federal stockade, garrisoned by 84 officers & men from the 14th & 15th Ill., was located on the high ground 50 yds. E. of the track. The stockade was attacked & captured Reynolds brigade The Andrews Raiders at Kingston On Johnson Street, Kingston, (On the left when traveling north)apr. 12, James J. Andrews with 18 Ohio soldiers [US] in disguise, & 1 civilian, having seized the locomotive GENERAL at Big Shanty (KENNESAW) intending to wreck the State R.R., were forced to side track here & wait for the S. bound freights. After a long delay the GENERAL continued N..

16 16 Pursuing from Big Shanty, Capt. W. A. Fuller (Conductor), Jeff Cain (Engineer), & Anthony Murphy [CS], -- using a push-car -- reached the Etowah, where the engine YONAH brought them to Kingston; pursuit was resumed on the Rome R.R. locomotive Wm. R. SMITH.; Atlanta Campaign Begins The Campaign Begins May 7, ,000 Federal Troops under Sherman start south from Chattanooga. Joseph E. Johnson with 50,000 Confederates oppose them. Sherman uses flanking movements more than battles to push Confederates back Johnston's Army at Adairsville On Poplar Springs Road, Adairsville, (On the right when traveling east)may 18, The three corps of the Confederate Army, on reaching Adairsville from Resaca, moved by two roads to Cassville. Hood s & Polk s corps marched S. on old U.S.41 Highway: Hardee s corps took direct road to Kingston W. & parallel to the R.R. Units of Maj. Gen. S.G. French s div. & Brig. Gen. W.H. Jackson s Cavalry joined Polk s corps [CS] here & at Cassville. The march

17 17 2 roads was the facilitate troop movement & to divide Sherman s forces [US] during his advance Affair at Cassville On Cassville Road NW, Cassville, (On the right when traveling south)1. On May 19, 1864, Confederate General Joseph E. Johnston tricked Union General William T. Sherman into dividing his forces at Adairsville and sending the XXIII corps under John M. Schofield across the Gravelly Plateau to Cassville. 2. Johnston placed Leonidas Polk's corps behind Two Run Creek northwest of Cassville to oppose Schofield in front as he began crossing the creek. 3. Johnston then sent John B. Hood's corps northward along the Spring Place Road, to ambush Schofield in the left flank as he marched from Adairsville. 4. Edward M. McCook's division of union cavalry was sent to threaten the railroad south of Cassville, and accidentally encountered the rear of Hood's column as it marched northward. Hood, believing he was attacked a much larger force Gen. Leonidas Polk's Headquarters On Mac Johnson Road NW, near Cassville, (On the left when traveling north)the William Neal McKelvey residence A Council of War held here May 19, discussed the advisability of holding the position E. & S. of Cassville the Confederate army. Present were: Gen. Joseph E. Johnston; Lt. Gen. Polk; Lt. Gen. John B. Hood;Maj. Gen. S. C. French; & Capt. W.J. Morris Emerson

18 18 On Main Street (State Route 293), Emerson, (On the left when traveling north)named for Joseph Emerson Brown, Gov. of Ga., , U.S. Senator, Known as Stegall`s Station prior to 1889; site of the Bartow Iron Works. May 20, 1864: Gen. Joseph E. Johnston`s forces camped here after retreating from Cassville and burning the highway and R.R. bridges over the Etowah. Having heard that Sherman`s forces had moved southward from Kingston toward Dallas, Johnston resumed his march on roads that converged there, May 23d, 24th. Allatoona, scene of Oct. 5, 1864, battle, is 2 mi. E Pettit Creek On Cassville Road (State Route 293), Atco, (On the right when traveling south)johnston s forces [CS] retreated southward from Cassville along this road, to Allatoona Mountains, south of the Etowah, May 20, They were immediately followed by Schofield s 23d Corps Milam's Bridge On Euharlee Road, near Cartersville, (On the right when traveling east)the covered structure over the Etowah here, was burned by Jackson s [CS] Cav. May 21, 1864, the day after Johnston s [CS] passage of the river at State R.R. Bridge. May 23rd, the 2 pontoon bridges intended for the passage of Schofield s 23d A.C. [US] were usurped

19 19 the 20th A.C. [US] (mistakenly diverted from Gillem s bridge) and the 23d A.C. did not cross until the 24th.This and crossings lower down were on Federal routes from Kingston & Cassville toward Dallas Etowah and the War Near State Route Spur 20, near Cartersville, The Confederacy sought iron and munitions eagerly, which quickly brought prosperity to Etowah. Patriotic key workers, though exempt from army duty, enlisted, and loss of their skill hampered production. Mark Cooper sold the works in In the 1863, the Confederacy took over the firm seeking to increase production. As Sherman marched in Davis & Dodge at Peek s Spring The spring 175 yds. E. was the camping place of Maj. Gen. Grenville M. Dodge s 16th A.C. of McPherson s Army of the Tennessee [US], May 23, 1864, enroute from the Etowah River to Dallas, Paulding County. May 24. Brig. Gen. J.C. Davis (2nd) div., 14th Corps, Army of the Cumberland [US], camped at the spring, enroute from Rome to Dallas. These troops were part of the right wing of Sherman s forces, moving to outflank Johnston s army [CS] at Allatoona. This resulted in 10 days of battle at New Hope Church & Dallas, in Paulding County Hardee's Corps at Powder Springs On Powder Springs - Dallas Road SW (State Route 6), Powder Springs, (On the right when traveling east)may 23, Lt. Gen. Wm. J. Hardee s A. C. [CS] marched from Stegall's Station (Emerson), and Etowah River, via New Hope Ch., reaching Powder Springs afternoon of the 24th.

20 20 The corps made this march in advance of Johnston s forces [CS] to find the rt. flank of Sherman s army [US] ascertained to be approaching Dallas, Paulding Co., from the W. Marking time, Hardee moved S.E. to Powder Springs for water. May 25, 3 a. m. the corps counter-marched toward Dallas, there to await orders placing it on the embattled Dallas - New Hope Church line Hardee's, Hood's & French's H dq rs. May 23: Gen. Wm. J. Hardee s [CS] headquarters during the march of his Corps from Stegall s Station (Emerson) to points south. May 24: Gen. John B. Hood [CS] spent night here enroute with his corps from Etowah River to New Hope Church. Oct. 5: Gen. S.G. French, [CS] withdrawing from an abortive attempt on the Federal garrison at Allatoona, stopped here enroute to rejoin Hood s forces at New Hope Church Logan s 15th Corps at Swaintown May 23, Maj. Gen. John A. Logan s 15th A.C. [US], camped here at Euharlee Cr., on the site of old Swaintown while Maj. Gen. G.M. Dodge s 16th A.C. [US] camped at Peek s Spring one mile Northwest. These two A.C., comprising McPherson s Army of the Tennessee, had moved from Woolley s Bridge, Etowah River, to this vicinity. The next day they marched Van Wert toward Dallas Lost Mountain Cross-Roads On Dallas Highway (State Route 120), near Marietta, (On the right when traveling west)on May 23-24, 1864, Lt. Gen. Leonidas Polk's Corps (CS) marched from Allatoona, Bartow Co., to Dallas, Paulding Co., passing Lost Mountain Post Office.

21 21 On June 4-5, Polk's Corps withdrew from the Dallas-New Hope front to Lost Mtn., the position here being the Left Flank of Johnston's first Kennesaw Line. On the 9th, Polk's corps was shifted eastward to the vicinity of New Salem Church north of the Burnt Hickory Rd., where it formed the center of the line. This shift was a necessary move in the extension of Johnston's Line eastward of the State R.R., because of the arrival of the Federal 17th Corps on his right flank McPherson s March to Dallas May 23, The Army of the Tennessee [US], consisting of Logan s 15th & Dodge s 16th A.C., crossed the Etowah River at Woolley's Bridge & Old Macedonia Church & roads not now existing Old Macedonia Church Organized 1847 On Euharlee Road, near Kingston, (On the right when traveling west)in 1864, a road southward from Wooley s Bridge (Etowah River) crossed the road near this point and ran to Van Wert (Rockmart) and Dallas. This was the route of McPherson s Army of the Tennessee (15th and 16th Corps.), [US] right wing of forces under Sherman moving from Kingston to the Dallas front, May 23, 24. The church stood at the N.W. angle of the crossroads until another edifice was erected on site of the present structure, 3/4 mile eastward Raccoon Creek

22 22 On Rockmart Highway (State Route 113), Cartersville, (On the right when traveling west)geary s (2d) Div., 20th A.C. [US], having crossed the Etowah, May 23, drove Ross cavalry [CS] beyond the creek, May 24, This covered the march of the rest of the corps S. to Burnt Hickory P.O., in which Geary s troops joined - being relieved here Schofield s 23d A.C. [US] at noon.schofield moved E. on this Route of Polk s Corps On Acworth-Due West Road NW, Kennesaw, (On the right when traveling south)may 23d, 1864, Lt. Gen. Leonidas Polk s Corps, [CS] marching S. from Allatoona, camped at night in this vicinity enroute to Dallas in Paulding County via Lost Mountain. This was the left wing of Johnston s army [CS] which had crossed the Etowah River May 20, & remained at Allatoona until the 23d. Learning that Sherman s forces [US] had left Cassville & Kingston for Dallas, Johnston moved S. on parallel roads to checkmate the Federal flanking march -- Hood s & Hardee s Corps [CS] marched the New Hope road four miles west The March of Hardee s Corps, May 23-25, The March of Hardee s Corps, May 23-25, 1864

23 William. Nickols House On Dallas-Acworth Highway NW (State Route 92), Acworth, (On the right when traveling south)hardee s Corps [CS] marched this road to points S. of New Hope Ch Henry Lester House May 24, 25, Hardee s corps, of Gen. J. E. Johnston s army [CS], having marched on the 23rd from Stegall's Station (Emerson), passed this way to Powder Springs, where it camped until 3 a.m. of the 25th, when it counter-marched toward Dallas because of McPherson s [US] approach to that place. At this time, Hardee s troops formed the left flank of Johnston s army. Enroute back to Dallas, Cleburne s div. of the corps detoured N. from here to the George Darby house (near Macland Rd.) where it halted until ordered forward to New Hope Church that night Old Burnt Hickory P.O. May 24, 1864: The 4th, 20th & a div. of the 14th A.C. - Army of the Cumberland [US], enroute from Stilesboro, camped in this vicinity, & on the 25th, marched to New Hope Church. The 23rd Corps [US], at Sligh's Mill, 3 mi. N.E., night of the 24th, moved by Burnt Hickory late afternoon of the 25th & followed the 20th A.C. to the battlefield of New Hope Church. These troops were center & left of Sherman s flanking march around the Allatoona Mtns. which was checkmated Johnston s Confederate Army at New Hope & Dallas Polk s Corps at Dallas and New Hope Church Lt. Gen. Leonidas Polk s corps which had moved from Allatoona as left flank of Johnston s army [CS] -- via Lost Mtn. & Mt. Tabor Ch. -- reached this vicinity May 24, After return of Hardee s A.C. [CS] from Powder Springs (May 25), Polk s troops formed the center of Johnston s line facing the Federal lines to the West. When deployed, Polk s left was at Wigley s Mill in gap of Ellsberry Mtn.; his center & rt. at & above New Hope Ch. -- a position he held in the 10 days of conflict mostly fought on the left & right of the army.

24 th Corps Detours to New Hope Church One-half mile E. the old road from Burnt Hickory to Dallas joined one leading E., via Pumpkin Vine Bridge, near Owen's Mill, to New Hope Church. May 25, 1864: Geary's (2d), followed by William's (1st) div., 20th A.C. [US], turned E. when assailed by outposts of Hood's A.C. [CS] which had reached New Hope from Allatoona. Pressing forward and reinforced 4th and 23rd A.C Battle of New Hope Church Lt. Gen. J. B. Hood s A.C. [CS], having marched from the Etowah River, reached New Hope Ch., May 25, 1864, in time to halt Gen. J. W. Geary s (2d) div., 20th A.C. [US], which had detoured near Owens Mill enroute to Dallas by New Hope. Checked Hood s outposts near the mill Brown's Mill One-half mi. S.W., on Pumpkin Vine Cr., was the site of Brown s saw-mill, a landmark during military operations May 25 June 5, The 23rd Corps, moving from Sligh s Mill, Burnt Hickory P.O., and Owens Mill, occupied lines on this ridge, facing S.E. from May 26 - June 2, in active support of & in line with the 4th, 14th and 20th Corps (Army Of The Cumberland [US]). These troops faced Hood s, Polk s and Hardee s A.C. (Johnston s Army of Tennessee [CS]). Two of the notable battles of the Atlanta Campaign were fought near here - - at New Hope Church (2 m. S) May 25th, & at Pickett's Mill (1 mi. S.E.), May 27th Cross Roads Church One tenth mi. W. at the intersection of the old Dallas-Acworth & Burnt Hickory rds. -- a key point of Federal military operations at New Hope Church and Dallas. May 25 - June 5, Hardee s & Hood s A.C. [CS] moved this way, S. -

25 25 from the Etowah River, to New Hope Church, May 24, 25. June 2: the 23d A.C. [US] marched N.E. from Brown s Mill to this point -- turning S.E., 1.5 mi. to the Foster house. Ensuing operations outflanked the Confederate forces & caused their retreat toward Kennesaw Mt., June 4. June 5: McPherson s 15th & 16th A.C., [US] leaving the Dallas front June 1, marched this Church to Acworth Dallas - New Hope Line Four to six mi. N.E., on State Highway 92 at & near New Hope church, are the battlefield s of New Hope Church & Pickett s Mill - two of the notable engagements of the Atlanta Campaign, May 25 & 27, From a point 2 mi. S. of Dallas, the embattled Confederate & Federal forces, extending N.E. on a 10 mi. front, maintained daily conflict for 10 days, May 25 - June 4. This Paulding County phase of the Atlanta Campaign was incident to Sherman s flanking operations [US] W. & S.W. of the Allatoona Mtns. Johnston s forces [CS] held the Federals in this sector until they moved E. to the State R.R George Darby House Cleburne s H dq rs. May 25, Maj. Gen P. R. Cleburne s div. marched with Hardee s A.C. [CS} from New Hope Church May 24th, to Power Springs. These troops, the left flank of Johnson s Army, marched S.E. to find the position of the Federals known to be near Dallas. Recalled from Powder Springs, the corps counter-marched at 3 a.m., May 25th. Enroute back toward Dallas, Cleburne s div detoured N. from the Henry Lester house & camped at Darby s until dark, when it was ordered to New Hope Ch. where Hood s A.C. [CS] had been fighting the 20th A.C. [US] that P.M Johnston's Headquarters During the fighting at Dallas, New Hope Church, Pickett s Mill & elsewhere along the opposing Confederate & Federal lines, General J. E. Johnston [CS] had h'dq'rs at the Wm. Wigley house (which stood near here) May 25 - June 1, Posey Wigley (10 yr. old son of Wm. & Fanny), later recalled seeing Gen. Johnston at his widowed mother s house & removal of family & household

26 26 goods to a place of safety -- hence, Lt. T. B. Mackall's reference to Widow Wigley's deserted house as Johnston s headquarters (O.R. 38, III, 987) Site of Old Allatoona Church On County Line Road, Acworth, (On the left when traveling south)extreme left of Federal line on the Dallas - New Hope front where Johnston s & Sherman s forces had been in daily conflict since May 25, June 3. Hovey s (1st) Div., 23d A. C. [US] drove Armstrong s cavalry [CS] from the road, thereby uncovering right of Confederate line -- Walker s Div., Hardee s Corps -- near the Foster house 1 mile, S. W. Seizure of this road broke the 10-day stalemate & the opposing line shifted East to the Kennesaw front The Federal Attack on Hood s Corps May 25, Brig. Gen. J.W. Geary s (2d) div. 20th A.C. [US], deployed in dense woods, N.W., advanced toward this ridge at New Hope Ch. -- (5 p.m.) - supported on his right by Williams (1st) & on his left Butterfield's (3d) divs. - the corps front astride this road. Repeated assaults on Hood s corps [CS] Davis' Div. at Dallas May 26, Brig. Gen. J.C. Davis (2d) div. 14th A. C. [US], reached Dallas on this rd. from Bishop s Bridge (Pumpkin Vine Cr.). These troops left Resaca, Gordon County, May 16, & marched to Rome via a route W. of the Oostanaula River. Leaving Rome, May 24, the command moved

27 27 Peek s Spring (at Aragon) Federal Line Here, the intrenched line held by Maj. Gen. J. B. McPherson s Army of the Tenn. [US] crossed the road; erected & occupied May 26 & abandoned June 1, These troops were the right of Federal forces on the Dallas - New Hope Ch. front which had been halted in a flanking move around the Allatoona Mts. by Gen. J. E. Johnston s forces, deployed to oppose the federal move back to the State R.R.. From lines 4 mi. E., Hardee s A.C., of Johnston s Army [CS], faced McPherson. Repeated attempts Hardee to crush the Federals Left of the Confederate Line Hardee s A.C. was on the left of General J.E. Johnston s line [CS] Dallas - New Hope front. May 26 - June 4, Dallas was the southern-most objective of Federal forces in their flanking march around Allatoona. During the Federal occupation of the Dallas - New Hope line, the Confederate forces maintained parallel lines of defense from Dallas to & beyond New Hope Church, which checked [US] Sherman s shift back to the State R.R. Daily conflict marked the period which ended when Federal thrusts N.E. forced Johnston to retire Eastward Rt. of Federal Line May 26 -June 1, 1864 May 26, Maj. Gen. John A. Logan s 15th A.C. [US] was posted on the hills N. & W. of this, the salient angle of the intrenched line. The Federals fought defensively during the 6 days of fighting, climaxed by a concerted assault on the salient Lt. Gen. Wm. J. Hardee s A.C. [CS] Battle of Pickett s Mill

28 28 After the successful defense at New Hope Church Hood s Corps [CS] The Orphan Brigade at Dallas May 28, On ridge W., were the intrenched lines of the 1st div., 15th A.C. & the 2d div., 16th A.C. [US]; beyond ravine E., the lines of Bates div. of Hardee s corps [CS]. Late afternoon, Lewis Ky. (Orphan) & Finley s Florida brigades, [CS] made a desperate assault across the ravine & scaled the high ground W. - the Orphans in the advance - their losses, 51 per cent because of failure to receive orders to withdraw. This futile attempt the Ky. Orphans is one of the notable instances of heroism & disaster in the Atlanta Campaign Dallas - Acworth Road On County Line Road NW, Acworth, (On the right when traveling north)june 2, The rt. of Johnston s Dallas - New Hope line -- a short distance E. of road, was held by Bate s Div. of Hardee s Corps [CS] after being pressed back by Fed. 23d A. C. June 3. Walker s Div. of Hardee, prolonged Bate s line N. E., endeavoring to hold the positions, but seizure of road 1.5 mi. N. E. Hovey s (1st) Div Hood & Hardee Withdraw E. to R.R. On Due West Road NW, Acworth, (On the right when traveling west)june 2-4, Hood s A.C. was posted 1 mi. W. & Hardee s A. C. was aligned along Dallas - Acworth rd., N. 1.5 mi to Burnt Hickory rd. - Confederate center & rt.

29 29 These corps withdrew, along with rest of Johnston s forces [CS], when the Federal 23d A. C. seized the Dallas - Acworth rd. near old Allatoona Ch., 2.5 mi. N. E. June 3. Hood & Hardee retreated E. along this road June 4, to positions between Lost Mountain & the State R. R James Foster House On Burnt Hickory Road NW, Acworth, (On the right when traveling west)on June 2, 1864 pressure on right of Johnston s line [CS] 23rd A. C. [US] forced the rt. of Hardee s Corps [CS] E. of the Dallas - Acworth road Polk s March to Lost Mountain June 4, The embattled forces of Gen. J. E. Johnston s army, [CS] having confronted Sherman s army [US] on the Dallas-New Hope Church front, since May 25, abandoned the position & shifted eastward because of Sherman s movement back to the State R.R. Lt. Gen. Leonidas Polk s corps [CS] held the center of Johnston s line, at New Hope Church, & in the withdrawal E. from this sector marched this road toward Lost Mountain Due West Community On Kennesaw Due West Road NW, near Kennesaw, (On the right when traveling west)site of Gilgal Primitive Baptist Church, a log structure and prominent landmark during military operations, June 5-17, 1864, in which church was destroyed.

30 30 Cleburne s Div., Confederate, was posted at the ch., the left of Johnston s line [CS] after the withdrawal of Polk s corps [CS] from Lost Mtn., June 9. Confronting Cleburne were the 23d A. C. and Butterfield s (3d) Div., 20th A. C. [US] Due to pressure on his extended front, Johnston swung Hardee s Corps [CS] back to the Mud Creek line E. of Sandtown Rd., June Old Sandtown Road On Due West Road NW, near Marietta, (On the right when traveling north)1.5 Mi. N.W. is the site of old Gilgal Primitive Baptist Ch. (at DUE WEST) -- a landmark of military operations. JUNE 5-17, 1864.S.E. along this road Cleburne s div. of Hardee s Corps [CS] withdrew from Gilgal to old Marietta Rd. S. of the Darby house, turning E. to ridge beyond Mud Cr., JUNE 16.Schofield s 23d Corps [US] marched S. on this rd. from Gilgal to the Moss house (FLOYD STATION) June 17 - July 2, -- at which time it was the right flank of Sherman s forces on Kennesaw front Pine Mountain On Beaumont Drive NW, near Kennesaw, (On the right when traveling south)june 10, The 4th A. C. moved from Mars Hill Ch. to position along this road facing S. toward Pine Mtn.-- highest point between Lost & Kennesaw Mtns. The 14th A. C. was on the left; the 20th on the right. PIne Mtn. was fortified and held as an outpost of the main Confederate line 1.25 miles S. -- the line that extended from Lost Mtn. to Brushy Mtn. -- June 5-15.

31 31 June 14. Generals Johnston, Hardee, & Polk, while observing Federal lines from Pine Mtn., were fired on by 4th & 20th Corps batteries, Gen. Leonidas Polk was killed a shell The 4th Corps at Vining s Station On Paces Ferry Road NW, Atlanta, (On the right when traveling west)june 5, When Johnston s army [CS] withdrew from Smyrna to the river, Howard s 4th A. C., and Baird's div. (14th A.C.), [US] via highway and R. R. occupied Vining s. Baird s troops kept on down the R. R. until halted by Johnston s River Line. 4th A.C. troops pursued the Confederate wagon trains, escorted by Wheeler s Cav Durham House On Acworth-Due West Road, near Kennesaw, (On the left when traveling north)h dq rs of Brig. Gen. Absalom Baird, commanding 3d Div., 14th A. C., Army of the Cumberland, [US] June 6-10, Baird s, together with 1st and 2d divisions, were camped along Proctor s Cr., E. - a part of the concerted drive on Johnston s forces [CS] near Kennesaw. Heavy rains halted military movements for several days in this area. Oct. 9. Baird revisted Durham house enroute to Gaylesville, Ala. in pursuit of Hood s forces [CS] withdrawing to Tennessee Federal Occupation of Big Shanty On Old 41 Highway NW (State Route 293), Kennesaw (Big Shanty), (On the right when traveling north)after the wide flanking movement W. & S. of Allatoona Mtns., Sherman's forces [US] regained the State R. R., at Acworth, June 6, 1864.June 9. Minty's & Wilder's brigades, Garrard's Cav., with Bennett's

32 32 section, Chicago Board of Trade Battery, [US] moved S. from Acworth. At Morgan's Hill, they encountered Martin's division of Wheeler's cav. & Benton's brigade. Hood's A.C. Benton & Martin withdrew S. E. to Johnston's 1st defensive line [CS] on the Kennesaw Mtn. front. Big Shanty was occupied & Sherman maintained h'dqr's. here, June The 17th A. C. joined McPherson's forces at Acworth, June Peters-Davenport House On Mars Hill Church Road, Acworth, (On the right when traveling north)dr. James Peters built his family s homestead here. The original house was a very early version of a two-room frame structure with two doors and two chimneys. Outbuildings included a barn, well, privy, and summer kitchen. The original rooms had 10 wide, hand-planed boards on the walls and ceilings and 6 wide pine plank flooring secured with cut or hand-wrought nails. Significant Civil War military events transpired at the house and in the immediate vicinity in General Oliver O. Howard, Commander of the 4th Army Corps (Federal) made his headquarters in the house from June 6-10, An attempt to burn the house was made soon after the Federal departure but the timely arrival of a neighbor saved it from destruction Stilesboro-Sandtown Crossroads On Acworth-Due West Road, Kennesaw, (On the left when traveling south)from this vicinity was launched the 1st attacks Sherman s forces [US] on Johnston s Kennesaw lines [CS] Robert McAfee House On Bells Ferry Road, Marietta, (On the right when traveling south)after the seizure of Big Shanty (Kennesaw)

33 33 Sherman s forces Davis' Cross Roads On Burnt Hickory Road NW, near Marietta, (On the right when traveling north)site of home of Rev. Gary Davis ( ). In June 1864, was an outpost of right wing of Sherman s forces [US], moving from New Hope Church in Paulding Co. toward the State R.R. and the [CS] left flank. Hardee s Corps [CS], on the left, occupied a line at Gilgal Church 1.5 mi. S.E. June 10, Strickland s 3d Brigade of Hascall s 2nd Div. 23d Corps [US], assaulted Cleburne s Sharpshooters [CS] posted here and on adjacent hill. After a sharp conflict the [CS] withdrew to the lines near Gilgal Church Gen. J. E. Johnston s Headquarters On Burnt Hickory Road NW, near Marietta, Cyrus York house-site; June 10-19, Johnston s forces [CS] moved from Paulding Co. to Kennesaw area, June 5, & occupied lines from Lost to Brushy Mtns. June 16: the left was withdrawn E. of Mud Creek. June 19: all forces shifted to mountain line.

34 34 June 19: Hdq rs moved to the Kirkpatrick house south of the mountain. The advanced Fed. line crossed the road several hundred ft. W. Between June 19 & 27, the two-story York house, used by Fed. sharpshooters, was destroyed Confederate artillery fire from the mountain General Leonidas Polk's Headquarters On Burnt Hickory Road NW, near Marietta, (On the right when traveling west)after withdrawing his corps from Lost Mtn. June 9, Polk s H dq rs. [CS] were at the John Kirk house 1 mi. W. on this rd. June 10, h dq rs. were moved to Hardage house. Sun. June 12. The Bishop-General read the church service (Episcopal) for his staff, escort, and the Hardage family. June 14. Polk rode with Johnston, Hardee & others to Pine Mtn. to inspect Bate s [CS] line at that advanced outpost. While there, Polk was killed a Federal shell General Leonidas Polk Memorial Near Beaumont Drive NW, near Kennesaw, South In Memory Of Lieut. Gen. Leonidas Polk Who fell on this spot June 14, Folding his arms across his breast, He stood gazing on the scenes below, Turning himself around as if To take a farewell view.

35 35 Thus standing a cannon shot from the enemy's guns crashed through his breast, and opened a wide door through which his spirit took its flight to join his comrades on the other shore. Surely the earth never opened her arms to allow the head of a braver man to rest upon her bosom. Surely the light never pushed the darkness back to make brighter the road that leads to the lamb. And surely the gates of heaven never opened wider to allow a more manly spirit to enter therein. Erected J. Gid & Mary J. Morris Lt. General Leonidas Polk Killed at Pine Mountain On Stilesboro Road, Marietta, (On the right when traveling west)the wooded knob W. was a fortified outpost, 1.25 miles north of Johnston s intrenched line from Lost to Brushy Mountains, June 5-15, Pine Mountain was held by Bate s division of Hardee s A. C., 5th Co. Washington Artillery of N. Orleans & Lt. R. T. Beauregard s S. Carolina Battery. June 14. While observing Federal lines with Generals Johnston and Hardee, General Polk was killed a shell from a Federal battery -- identity of which is not certain. The outpost was abandoned the next day and withdrawn to the main line.

36 Battle of Gilgal Church On Kennesaw Due West Road NW, near Kennesaw, (On the right when traveling west)june 15-17, 1864 U.S.: Maj. Gen. Daniel Butterfield. 3rd Div. 20th Corps. Army of the Cumberland. C.S.: Maj. Gen. Patrick R Cleburne. Cleburne s Div. Hood s Corps. Army of Tennessee Battle of Pine Knob On Hamilton Road, near Marietta, (On the right when traveling south)on June 15, 1864, General Sherman ordered an attack on a portion of the Confederate fortified line located between Gilgal Church and a hill one mile eastward known as Pine Knob. Three divisions of the 20th Army Corps were to break through an over-extended Confederate defense line and force a retreat. The attack began promptly at 5PM with a force of 15,000 Federal infantry. The attack failed. The 60th New York Regt's battle line can be seen nearby. This shallow trench was dug late in the fight under hostile fire in darkness, with bayonets and canteens Causey - Maxham House On Maxham Road, near Austell, (On the right when traveling north)israel Causey was one of the original pioneer settlers when he moved to Cobb County in The house, built during the gold rush era, is an example of a frame plainstyle dwelling. At one time, his plantation contained more than 1,000 acres with crops of cotton and sugarcane. It included land donated for the building of a nearby church. Briefly during the Civil War, Union soldiers quartered here. After Israel's death, the house was sold to Herbert Maxham in Generations of the Maxham family lived here and conducted various types of farming as they transitioned from cotton planting to dairy farming to growing fruit.

37 Historic Dickson House Historic Dixon House Military Action at Gilgal Church On Due West Road, near Marietta, (On the left when traveling west)on 15 June 1864 Daniel Butterfield's division of Joseph Hooker's XX [20th] Army Corps approached this point via the Sandtown Road (Acworth-Due West Rd.) intending to attack Cleburne's Confederates entrenched here at Burnt Hickory and Sandtown roads intersection. Due to strong resistance by Cleburne's skirmishers and the arrival of night-fall, Butterfield's effort here at Gilgal Church diminished to a probing action. Planned as a coordinated mile wide attack three 5000 man divisions (Butterfield's The Reversed Trench On Maryhill Lane, near Marietta, (On the left when traveling west)constructed and manned morning the trench faced southtoward the Confederate main line Captain Peter Simonson On Frank Kirk Road, Marietta, (On the right when traveling north)acting chief of artillery for the 1st Division (4th Army Corps), Simonson on June 16, 1864 was busy entrenching here a 4-gun battery of artillery when he was killed by a Confederate bullet. The Confederate was perhaps a sharpshooter armed with an English made rifle with scope known as a Whitworth. The Whitworth fired a six sided bullet that could kill a target one-half mile away. However, the two armies were within a few hundred feet of each other at this point, so it is not unreasonable to believe he could have been killed a common Confederate rifleman.

38 Civil War Action Around Latimer's Farm On Marietta Country Club Drive NW, Kennesaw, (On the right when traveling south)nineteenth-century farmer Ruben Latimer lived a mile southwest of this spot. He, his wife Sarah, their children and eleven slaves worked a modest selfsufficient farm where they raised livestock and grew cotton, corn and other food crops. In June 1864 their lives were forever changed when Latimer s farm became a battlefield. General Joseph Johnston s (CSA) Army constructed a network of earthworks across Latimer s farm in an attempt to slow the advance of General William Sherman s (USA) Army toward Atlanta. On the morning of June 18, 1864, Federal troops attacked the earthworks occupied by the First Missouri Brigade of General F.M. Cockrell (CSA). The attack led by Colonel Frederick Bartleson (USA) 4th Army Corps during a violent thunderstorm, successfully drove the Confederates back to their main line of earthworks. Despite Confederate counterattacks and artillery barrage, the Federals were able to hold ground. The next morning General Johnston (CSA) withdrew his forces to stronger positions on Kennesaw Mountain. The Marietta County Club commissioned a detailed archeological and historical study of the battle and the families affected it. The Club has preserved many of the surviving earthworks and Civil War artifacts. The resulting report Civil War Action Around Latimer s Farm On New Salem Road NW, Kennesaw, (On the right when traveling south)nineteenth-century farmer Ruben Latimer lived a mile southwest of this spot. He, his wife Sarah, their children and eleven slaves worked a modest selfsufficient farm where they raised livestock and grew cotton, corn and other food crops. In June 1864 their lives were forever changed when Latimer s farm became a battlefield. General Joseph Johnston s (CSA) Army constructed a network of earthworks across Latimer s farm in an attempt to slow the advance of General William Sherman s (USA) Army toward Atlanta. On the morning of June 18, 1864, Federal troops attacked the earthworks occupied by the First Missouri Brigade of General F.M. Cockrell (CSA). The attack led by Colonel Frederick Bartleson (USA) 4th Army Corps during a violent thunderstorm, successfully drove the Confederates back to their main line of earthworks. Despite Confederate counterattacks and artillery barrage, the Federals were able to hold

39 39 ground. The next morning General Johnston (CSA) withdrew his forces to stronger positions on Kennesaw Mountain. The Marietta County Club commissioned a detailed archeological and historical study of the battle and the families affected it. The Club has preserved many of the surviving earthworks and Civil War artifacts. The resulting report Hardee's Salient On New Salem Road, near Marietta, (On the right when traveling north)june 16, From this point as a pivot, the Confederate line W. to Gilgal Church & Lost Mtn. was swung back to a N. & S. line E. of Mud Creek, thereby making a salient angle -- Hardee's A. C. on the left or S; Polk's & Hood's Corps on the right, or E.(CS) This shift of Hardee's line was due to pressure on his front by the 20th & 23d Corps (US), from June 9 to 15. Further pressure the 4th Summers House On Old Highway 41 NW (State Route 293), Kennesaw, (On the right when traveling south)ante-bellum res. of Thomas F. Summers ( ), a landmark of the advance of the left wing of Federal forces upon Confederate positions on & near Kennesaw Mtn. -- June 1864.

40 40 June 9. Garrard s cav. [US] (dismounted), forced withdrawal of Benton s Mississippi Brigade [CS] from positions N. of Big shanty, to a line at the Summers house -- later, to one several hundred yds. S. at the Roberts farm. This latter line became the 1st position of McPherson s 15th, 16th & 17th Corps [US] which were later shifted S. to the Brushy Mtn. line. From June 9 to July 3, 25 dys., Federal & Confederate forces battled on a ten-mile front Darby Plantation On Marietta Highway (State Route 120), near Marietta, (On the right when traveling east)the old Marietta Rd. joined the Sandtown Rd. here June Geary s (2d) Div., 20th A.C., supporting 13th N.Y. & Pa. E batteries, were N. of rd. & Cox s (3d) Div. 23d. A.C., supporting 1st Ohio Bat. D. [US] were S. of rd. -- in area from Darby house to Mud Cr. The artillery duel with Cleburne [CS] on high ridge E. of creek & Geary s [US] rain-soaked infantry in flooded area next to stream, are a part of the annals. On 19th, Cleburne [CS] moved E. followed 20th A.C. 23d A.C. moved S. on this rd. -- a march that broke the Kennesaw stalemate Main Confederate Battle Line On Frank Kirk Road, near Marietta, (On the right when traveling north)about a hundred yards southeast of this marker is the remnant of a 15 mile line of Confederate fortifications. These infantry trenches were occupied until June 17th by the Army of Mississippi, a unit within the Confederate Army of Tennessee,

41 41 Gen. Leonidas Polk commanding. An additional trace of these entrenchments may also be seen close to this marker, on the west side of the near June 17th the Army of Mississippi had shifted east connecting with Hood's corps near New Salem Road Mud Creek Line On Marietta Highway (State Route 120), Marietta, (On the right when traveling west)hardee s intrenched line [CS] crossed the road at this point -- position held June 17-19, 1864 by Cleburne s Division [CS] after withdrawal of Johnston s left flank from Gilgal Church. A sharp artillery duel & severe rain marked the 48 hours here -- the opposition being the 20th & 23d Corps batteries [US] at Dar s West of the creek.brig. Gen. Lucius E. Polk (nephew of Lt. Gen. Polk) [CS] was severely wounded & the regiments of his brigade were assigned to other commands in Cleburne s Div Site of the Dickson House On Acworth-Due West Road, near Marietta, (On the right when traveling south)late in the day General Butterfield's division of the Federal XX Army Corps fought past the Dickson House intending to assault the Confederate entrenchments at Gilgal Church, 300 yards south of this point near the intersection of Acworth-Due West and Kennesaw-Due West roads. High ground was gained 50 yards north of the roads, but the assault on the defenses was not made due to darkness and Confederate resistance. In this action the house was heavily damaged artillery and rifle fire but remained standing. Referred to as the Dixon House in 1864 military maps The 14th & 20th A.C. Cross at Pace's Ferry

42 42 On Paces Ferry Road, near Atlanta, (On the right when traveling west)july 17, Palmer s 14th and Hooker s 20th A. C. [US] crossed to the Fulton Co. side of the river on two pontoon bridges. This passage was covered Wood s 4th A.C. div Federal 15th Corps On State Route 293, Kennesaw, June 19, Maj. Gen. John A Logan s 15th A. C. * was deployed astride this, the old Marietta road; Smith s 2d div., N. E. of it; Osterhaus 1st, S. W.; Harrow's 4th, in reserve. This was the 2d & final sector held by Sherman s left wing on the Kennesaw Mountain front. Heavy fire from the Confederate artillery on the mountain, was countered, June 23, by 2 batteries of Rodman & Parrott guns, erected Osterhaus on the hill just W. the excavations being still visible.june Gen. O. O. Howard s Headquarters On Burnt Hickory Road, near Marietta, (On the right when traveling west)following the withdrawal of Johnston s forces, from the Mud Creek ~ Brushy Mtn. line, June 19, to the final one, which included Kennesaw Mtn., Howard s 4th A. C. [US] moved E. from Hardee s salient [CS]. Astride this, the Burnt Hickory rd., the corps [US] advanced toward Kennesaw until halted by a counter-attack [CS] from the mtn. An intrenched position [US] was established at the York house, one mi. E. which line was later occupied