History of the Pequot War

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1 I!n 1636 there was unrest and suspcon between the Englsh Colonsts n New England and the Natve Amercan People who had lved there snce tme beyond memory. Each group was worred about the ntentons of the other.! Whle ther dealngs wth each other had been for the most part peaceful, even frendly, the Europeans had by ths tme been there for close to twenty years. The Indans had tme to see how the world of the Englsh operated n Amerca.! The Colonsts lved n a world wth rules, many rules, whle the Natves had not found t necessary to draw up hard fast boundares for human behavor. Ther system reled on honor and trust.! The testmony of many Englsh wtnesses tells us that to the amazement of the colonsts, the ncdence of crme and mmoralty among the Indans was extremely low.! Ther dfferng ways of lfe were ncreasngly comng nto conflct. The colonsts suspected that the Indan trbes were plannng to jon together to rout out the settlers. The Indans were begnnng to see that they were losng control of the resources that they needed for survval. A few sparks n Block Island Sound and the Connectcut Rver were all t took to touch off a terrble conflct. The frst war between the Natves and the Englshmen n New England... but not the last. Norman Burdett Hstory of the Pequot War John Underhll Hstory of the Pequot War n Connectcut n 1637 by John Underhll a Captan n the Mlta of Massachusetts Bay Colony Edted by Norman P. Burdett 2011 New England Hstory Seres

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3 About the Author About the Book John Underhll (c ) was born n the Netherlands to Englsh parents, who had n all lkelhood moved there because of relgous persecuton by the Church of England. That was the same reason that the people who went n Plymouth on the Mayflower had moved to Holland. The Dutch were a tolerant people. Underhll enlsted n the mltary servce of Wllam, Prnce of Orange. In 1630 Massachusetts Bay Colony needed someone to help tran the colony s mlta. Captan John Underhll got the job. He was n the Massachusetts Mlta durng the Pequot War. He served wth John Endcott when colonal forces staged a puntve rad on Block Island. From there he went to the Connectcut Rver, renforcng the Englsh Fort At Saybrook, Connectcut n the early days of the conflct. When Captan John Mason arrved wth troops to march aganst the Pequot fort at Mystc, Underhll served as Captan wth hm n that brutal attack. After the Pequot War, He settled n New Hampshre. Later he moved to Connectcut we fnd hm n the servce of the Dutch once more. The colony of New Netherlands was at war wth the Long Island Indans. Later, when war broke out between the Dutch and the Englsh he fought on the sde of the Englsh. He ded n 1672, three years before the outbreak of Kng Phlp s War, the Indan War that swept across all of New England and changed everythng forever. Ths edton s based on the Frst Edton whch was prnted n London n 1638 John Underhll s account of the bref war wth the Pequots s a valuable one, for many reasons. He was at the famous fght at the Pequot Fort at Mystc and gves frst hand nformaton; but he also provdes nformaton about the attack on Block Island, whch s hard to come by, and he gves detals about the behavor of the Narragansetts and the Mohegans who served as alles to the colones and helped to brng about the downfall of ther hated enemes, the Pequots. My purpose n developng ths edton was to make ths materal accessble to the general reader. The spellng and the vocabulary of the 1600 s can dscourage a casual reader from readng t through. It s my belef that more people would fnd the nformaton nterestng f t were not so dffcult to read. What I have done s modernzed the spellng and changed archac forms of common words nto current usage. I have not changed the meanngs at all, so the story you read s the same one that John Underhll wrote n You wll stll get the flavor of the tmes and the quant manner of hs speech. I have also tred to antcpate words that are unfamlar to most of us today and to provde meanngs for them, ether n brackets [lke ths] or wth explanatons n the footnotes. The book shows how the colonsts had grown from a sckly handful of starvng mmgrants n 1620, to be able to overpower what had been the most warlke trbe n the area by v

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5 Introducton In 1637 on the banks of the Connectcut Rver, the Englsh Colonsts were growng apprehensve. Captan Stone, a trader from Vrgna had saled up the Connectcut to trade wth the Indans. He and hs crew were klled by some Indans, reportedly of the Pequot Trbe. The colonal governments were n conference n Boston, tryng to decde how to react to ths frghtenng development. Massachusetts Bay had receved emssares from the Pequots who wanted to smooth thngs over and establsh tradng status wth Massachusetts. The Bay responded that they would have to pay reparatons and surrender up the gulty partes n the Rver kllngs so they could be brought to justce. Despte agreeng to these terms, the Pequots later sad that the suspects were all ether dead or had left the terrtory. Just about at ths tme another trader, John Oldham, newly of Wethersfeld, formerly of Plmouth and Massachusetts Bay, was klled n Block Island Sound. Word was sent to Boston that the Mansees Indans on Block Island, trbutares of the Narragansetts, were responsble. They n turn, sad that the Indans on Block Island, were subjects of the Pequots. In the end the Narragansetts gave a formal apology. But the dea that the Indans had commtted another atrocty enraged the Bay Colony, who rased an expedtonary force under John Endcot to punsh the Island Indans. John Underhll was a Captan n that expedton, and descrbes t n ths account. After ths, Underhll saled to Saybrook, at the mouth of the Connectcut Rver to help protect the fort and settlers there. After a few weeks he was joned by Captan John Mason. Ther jont force, guded and backed up by Narragansetts and Mohegans marched aganst the stronghold at Mystc, where n the dead of nght they attacked the mghty Pequot trbe, wreakng terrble havoc on the hundreds of men, women and chldren who slept n ther homes nsde the palsades of ther fort. After fghtng ther way nto the fort, the Englsh set fre to the straw mats of the wgwams and the whole place burned to the ground wth few survvors. News from Amerca or A New and Expermental Dscovery of New England Contanng a True Relaton of Ther War-lke proceedngs these two yeares last past, wth a Fgure of the Indan Fort, or Palsade. Also a dscovery of these places, that as yet have very few or no Inhabtants whch would yeld Vz. specal accommodaton to such as wll Plant there: Qunppack. Agawam. Hudson s Rver. Long Island. Nahantcut. Martns Vnyard. Pequot. Narrgansett Bay. Elzabeth Islands. Pascataquay. Casco wth about a hundred Islands near to Casco. By Captan John Underhll, a Commander n the Wars there. LONDON, Prnted by J.D. for Peter Cole, and are to be sold at the sgne of the Glove n Corn-hll neere the Royall Exchange

6 I War aganst Block Island shall not spend tme (for my other occasons wll not permt) to wrte largely of every partcular, but shall as brefly as I may, perform these two thngs; frst gve a true narraton, of the warlke proceedngs that have been n New England these two years last past. Secondly, I shall dscover to the reader dverse places n New England, that would afford specal accommodatons to such persons as wll plant upon them, I had not tme to do ether of these as they deserved, but wantng tme to do t as the nature of the thng requred; I shall accordng to my ablty begn wth a relaton of our warlke proceedngs, and wll nterweave the specal places ft for New Plantatons, wth ther descrpton, as I shall fnd occason n the followng dscourse, but I shall accordng to my promse begn wth a true relaton of the New England war aganst the Block Islanders* and that nsolent and barbarous Naton, called the Pequots, whom by the sword of the Lord, and a few feeble nstruments, solders not accustomed to war, were drove out of ther country, and slan by the sword, to the number of ffteen hundred souls n the space of two months and less: so as ther country s fully subdued and fallen nto the hands of the Englsh: And to the end that God s name mght have the glory, and hs people see hs power, and magnfy hs * Block Island was called by the Indans, Mansses. Usng Roger Wllams Key Into the Language of Amerca, the people would have been called Mannseocks. They were part of the Narragansett People. John Oldham Klled honor for hs great goodness I have endeavored accordng to my weak ablty, to set forth the full relaton of the War from the frst rse to the end of the vctory. The cause of our war aganst the Block Islanders, was for takng away the lfe of one Master John Oldham, who made t hs common course to trade among the Indans: he comng to Block Island to drve trade wth them, the Islanders came nto hs boat and havng got a full vew of commodtes whch gave them good content, consulted how they mght destroy hm and hs company, to the end they mght clothe ther bloody flesh wth hs lawful garments. The Indans havng lad the plot, nto the boat they came to trade as they pretended, watchng ther opportuntes, knocked hm n the head, and martyred hm most barbarously, to the great gref of hs poor dstressed servants, whch by the provdence of God were saved. Ths Island lyng n the roadway to the Lord Say, and the Lord Brook s plantaton, a certan sea man called John Gallop, Master of the small navgaton standng along to the Massachusetts Bay, and seeng a boat under sal close aboard the Island, and percevng the sals to be unskllfully managed, bred n hm a jealously [suspcon], whether that the Island Indans had not bloodly taken the lfe of our countrymen, and made * John Oldham had been banshed from Plmouth Colony and moved to Hull, then Watertown. In 1634 he establshed a tradng Post at the ste of Wethersfeld. 1 2

7 Indan Style Fghtng themselves Master of ther goods. Suspectng ths, he bore up to them and approachng near them was confrmed that hs jealousy was just, seeng Indans n the boat, and knowng her to be the vessel of Master Oldham; and not seeng hm there gave fre upon them and slew some, others leaped over board; besdes two of the number whch he preserved alve and brought to the bay. The blood of the nnocent called for vengeance, God strred up the heart of the honored Governor, Master Henry Vane and the rest of the worthy Magstrates to send forth a hundred well apponted solders under the conduct of Captan John Endcot, and n company wth hm that had command, Captan John Underhll, Captan Nathan Turner, Captan Wllam Jennson, besdes other nferor offcers. I would not have the world wonder at the great number of Commanders to so few men, but know that the Indans fght far dffers from the Chrstan practce, for they most commonly dvde themselves nto small bodes, so that we are forced to neglect our usual way and to subdvde our dvsons to answer thers, and not thnkng t any dsparagement, to any Captan to go forth aganst an Enemy wth a squadron of men takng the ground from the old and ancent practce when they chose Captans of hundreds and Captan of thousands, Captans of fftes and Captans of tens: We conceve a Captan sgnfes the chef n way of command of any body commtted to hs charge for the tme beng whether The Frst Assault of more or less, t makes no matter n power though n honor t does. Comng to an anchor before the Island we esped an Indan walkng by the shore n a desolate manner as though he had receved ntellgence of our comng. Whch Indan gave just ground to some to conclude that the body of the people had deserted the Island. But some knowng them for the generalty to be a warlke naton, a people that spend most of ther tme n the study of warlke polcy were not persuaded that they would upon so slender terms forsake the Island, but rather suspected they mght le behnd a bank, much lke the form of a barrcade. Myself wth others rode wth a shallop* made towards the shore, havng n the boat a dozen armed solders drawng near to the place of landng, the number that rose from behnd the barrcade, were between ffty or sxty able fghtng men, men as strat as arrows, very tall, and of actve bodes, havng ther arrows nocked, they drew near to the water sde, and let fly at the solders, as though they had meant to have made an end of us all n a moment; they shot a young gentleman n the neck through a collar for stffness, as f t had been an oaken board, and entered hs flesh a good depth; myself receved an arrow through my * The shallop was a boat n common usage along the seacoast of New England. Twenty to thrty feet n length, they were rugged and versatle, and were rgged wth a varety of dfferent sal setups. 3 4

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