#10: Tocqueville s America

Transcription

1 #10: Tocqueville s America 1. The famous book in which Alexis de Tocqueville analyzed American society was A) The American Nation. B) Democracy in America. C) Life on the Mississippi. D) The American Commonwealth. 2. During the 1830s and 1840s the economic differences between the rich and the poor A) constituted a wide and growing gap, especially in the larger eastern cities. B) remained constant with only a small gap between the two groups. C) shrank dramatically due to the numerous economic opportunities of the growing economy. D) remained constant with a large gap between the two groups. 3. By the 1830s, non-agricultural work increasingly took place A) outside the home. B) on the farm. C) in the family household. D) in maritime trades. 4. What was the effect of the growth of the factory system and of cities on middle-class families? A) Children became more valuable as future economic assets. B) Mothers' power increased because they now worked at home. C) More families were able to place their children as apprentices. D) Fathers' power decreased because they were now absent from home so much. 5. "The formation of the moral and intellectual character of the young is committed mainly to the female hand The mother forms the character of the future man." This statement supports the concept of A) the Cult of Domesticity. B) the Puritan household. C) Jacksonian Democracy. D) the "spoils system." 6. Middle-class families in the 1830s had a(n) A) declining birthrate. B) decreasing divorce rate. C) stable birthrate. D) increasing birthrate. 7. Among middle-class families, children came to be seen increasingly as A) seething cauldrons of original sin. B) innocent and morally superior. C) perversely willful. D) future workers.

2 8. The most effective preacher of the Second Great Awakening was A) Charles Grandison Finney. B) William Ellery Channing. C) Jonathan Edwards. D) George Whitfield. 9. A typical theme of the Second Great Awakening was that A) God had predestined either salvation or damnation for everyone. B) people did not need to worry about judgment day. C) those who were saved were filled with God's grace and need not be bound by human laws. D) people could take their salvation into their own hands. 10. Evangelist Charles Grandison Finney's success depended upon A) his defense of Catholicism. B) a rational approach to religion based on college educated ministers. C) emotional release through personal testimony of salvation. D) his defense of Calvinism. 11. What Garraty/Carnes label "the third pillar of the emerging American middle class," alongside the family and church, which had neither colonial precedents nor European equivalents, was A) public education. B) consumer culture. C) civil service. D) voluntary associations. 12. The communitarian group whose members were celibate, held their property in common, valued simplicity and industriousness, stressed equality of labor, and practiced a joyful and fervent religion was A) Brook Farm. B) Oneida. C) the Shakers. D) the Mormons. 13. The Illinois town founded by Mormon leader Joseph Smith as a semi-independent state within the federal Union was A) Mount Holyoke. B) Amana. C) Nauvoo. D) Salt Lake City. 14. The communitarian group which attempted to change society the least were the A) Owenites. B) Shakers. C) Mormons. D) Fourierists.

3 15. Individual reformers who tried to care for the physically and mentally disabled were A) usually more effective than the more colorful communitarian reformers. B) too unscientific to achieve anything. C) unable to make substantial progress because of the enormous scale of the problems to be corrected. D) usually less effective than the more pragmatic and less flamboyant communitarians. 16. The pioneer in developing methods for educating deaf people who opened a school for deaf students in 1817 was A) Thomas Gallaudet. B) Lyman Beecher. C) Dr. Samuel Gridley Howe. D) Benjamin Lundy. 17. One of the most striking aspects of the various practical reform movements of the early nineteenth century was their A) emphasis on creating special facilities for dealing with social problems. B) unwillingness to try new approaches to old problems. C) total dependence on federal funding. D) hostility toward science. 18. The Auburn system was a pioneering experiment in A) education for the blind. B) prison reform. C) communal living. D) education for the deaf. 19. "[C]hained, naked, beaten with rods, and lashed into obedience," is the way described the deplorable conditions of insane asylums to Massachusetts state legislators. A) Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet B) Angelina Grimke C) Clara Barton D) Dorothea Dix 20. During the 1820s, Americans' per capita consumption of alcoholic beverages A) decreased dramatically with the religious revivals of the Second Great Awakening. B) increased to the highest point ever in American experience. C) decreased because of the high prices of corn and rye whiskey. D) increased, but to a rate only half as high as that for present-day Americans. 21. The organization of reformed drinkers which focused on rescuing alcoholics from the gutter was the A) Cold Water Society. B) Women's Christian Temperance Union. C) Prohibition Party. D) Washingtonians.

4 22. Catholic immigrants from Germany and Ireland often A) participated in the Second Great Awakening. B) supported the American Board of Commissioners of Foreign Missions. C) objected to demands for prohibition of all alcohol. D) became leaders in the temperance movement. 23. The first effective state law prohibiting manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages was passed by A) Massachusetts. B) Virginia. C) Maine. D) New York. 24. No reform movement of the early 1800s was "more significant" and "more ambiguous" than A) temperance. B) prison reform. C) abolitionism. D) women's rights. 25. William Lloyd Garrison's views on slavery might best be described as A) designed to appeal to southern moderates. B) uncompromising. C) reflecting the northern viewpoint. D) moderate. 26. During the 1830s and 1840s, most white Americans thought William Lloyd Garrison's views were A) supported by scientific research. B) unconvincing and confrontational. C) consistent with the teachings of their churches. D) moderate and levelheaded. 27. In his autobiography and speeches, Frederick Douglass insisted that A) emancipation should be gradual. B) returning to Africa was the only hope for American blacks. C) full social, political, and economic equality for blacks was required. D) violent revolts were necessary for slaves to obtain their freedom. 28. The most influential black abolitionist was A) Theodore Dwight Weld. B) Elijah Lovejoy. C) Sojourner Truth. D) Frederick Douglass.

5 29. An important factor in encouraging the growth of the women's rights movement was the A) female abolitionists' recognition that, like the slaves, they were born into the caste system which destined them for menial roles in society. B) model of the successful women's rights movement in England which had already succeeded in winning the vote for women. C) increasing number of professional opportunities for college-educated women. D) female abolitionists' recognition that the discrimination they faced was unlike the oppression slaves experienced. 30. The co-organizer of the Seneca Falls Convention and author of its Declaration of Sentiments was A) Elizabeth Cady Stanton. B) William Lloyd Garrison. C) Susan B. Anthony. D) Margaret Fuller. 31. The Declaration of Sentiments from the Seneca Falls Convention states "We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men and women are created equal." A primary author of this statement was A) Margaret Fuller. B) Dorothea Dix. C) Elizabeth Cady Stanton. D) Harriet Beecher Stowe. 32. Susan B. Anthony played a chief role in the women's rights movement because she was the first to A) give large sums of money. B) see the need for thorough organization. C) write a regular newspaper column on women's rights. D) advocate working with the abolitionists. 33. One of the few advocates of women's rights who did not begin her career in the abolitionist movement and who made a frontal assault on all forms of sexual discrimination in Women in the Nineteenth Century was A) Lucretia Mott. B) Sarah Grimke. C) Margaret Fuller. D) Catherine Beecher. 34. The greatest expression of Romanticism in the United States was through A) Puritanism. B) Unitarianism. C) transcendentalism. D) pragmatism. 35. Both Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau A) worked actively in abolitionist organizations. B) sought truth through scientific research. C) engaged in civil disobedience to protest the Mexican War. D) objected to many of society's restrictions on the individual.

6 36. "When were the good and the brave ever in a majority? If a man does not keep pace with his companions, perhaps it is because he hears a different drummer." The author of these statements was A) Henry David Thoreau. B) Francis Wayland. C) Ralph Waldo Emerson. D) George Catlin. 37. The American transcendentalist who defended his refusal to pay taxes to support the Mexican War in his essay "Civil Disobedience" was A) Herman Melville. B) Nathaniel Hawthorne. C) Ralph Waldo Emerson. D) Henry David Thoreau. 38. The American writer whose works are filled with examples of wild imagination and fascination with mystery, fright, and the occult is A) Edgar Allan Poe. B) Ralph Waldo Emerson. C) John Greenleaf Whittier. D) Walt Whitman. 39. One of Nathaniel Hawthorne's greatest works, The Scarlet Letter, is a(n) A) grim but sympathetic analysis of the consequences of adultery. B) account of his life with a tribe of cannibals. C) gripping account of the decay of an old New England family. D) collection of rambling, uneven, free verse that seemed shockingly commonplace. 40. Herman Melville's book which Garraty/Carnes describes as "one of the finest novels written by an American" is A) Moby Dick. B) The House of the Seven Gables. C) Leaves of Grass. D) Tom Sawyer. 41. "I celebrate myself and sing myself. And what I assume you shall assume, For every atom belonging to me as good belongs to you." This passage was written by A) Nathaniel Hawthorne in The Scarlet Letter. B) Edgar Allan Poe in "The Purloined Letter." C) Herman Melville in Moby Dick. D) Walt Whitman in "Song of Myself." 42. Walt Whitman's book of poetry in rambling free verse on commonplace topics in coarse language is A) The Waste Land. B) Songs of Innocence. C) New England Songs. D) Leaves of Grass.

7 43. Garraty/Carnes describes the works of Walt Whitman as A) quickly accepted by readers and reviewers. B) totally rejected by the reading public during his lifetime. C) the most authentically American of any writer of the period. D) usually rather flowery in language, but disciplined. 44. Describing the dissemination of culture, Garraty/Carnes observes that northern society was permeated by A) widespread indifference to standards of taste and high culture. B) lower-class attempts to unionize factory workers. C) upper-class desire to bring European culture to America. D) middle-class concern for being cultivated and refined. 45. The religious pamphlets and books distributed by the American Tract Society A) played down denominational differences in favor of a generalized evangelical Christianity. B) succeeded in converting many readers to Catholicism. C) were directed primarily at converting the various Native American tribes. D) stressed denominational differences because of the bitter disputes among various churches. 46. The mutual improvement societies which conducted discussions, sponsored libraries, lobbied for better schools, and presented lectures on a variety of topics were called A) forums. B) lyceums. C) settlement houses. D) early-release Wednesdays. 47. The most basic goal of the common school movement was A) sexual integration of public schools. B) education for democracy. C) racial integration of public schools. D) private financing of education. 48. By the 1850s, the common school movement had succeeded in establishing A) free elementary schools and public institutions for teacher training in every state. B) laws requiring school attendance to the age of 16 in every state outside the South. C) free elementary and secondary schools in every state. D) free elementary schools and public institutions for teacher training in every state outside the South. 49. The most compelling argument for the success of the common schools was that they A) encouraged independent and critical thought among Americans of all social classes. B) promoted class consciousness among the industrial proletariat. C) joined Americans of varied economic and ethnic backgrounds for mutually beneficial contact. D) encouraged people to replace religion and superstition with science and reason. 50. In Jacksonian America, private colleges A) shared the vigorous growth of the common schools. B) expanded slowly and cautiously. C) had too few students for too many colleges. D) had too many students for too few colleges.