The Jacksonian Era The Jacksonian Era The Egalitarian Impulse The Extension of White Male Democracy The Popular Religious Revolt

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1 The Jacksonian Era The Egalitarian Impulse What factors contributed to the democratization of American politics and religion in the early nineteenth century? Jackson s Presidency How did the Jacksonian Democrats capitalize on the new mass politics? Van Buren and Hard Times What challenges did Van Buren face during his presidency? The Jacksonian Era The Rise of the Whig Party What was the basis of Whig popularity and what did they claim to stand for? The Whigs in Power Why was William Henry Harrison s death such a blow to the Whig agenda? A Democracy Grows: The Frontier President: Andrew Jackson The Indian Removal Act Monster Bank! The Egalitarian Impulse The Extension of White Male Democracy The Popular Religious Revolt The Rise of the Jacksonians The Extension of White Male Democracy Salary Act of 1816 Provoked reaction against privilege States abolished property requirements Extending suffrage and democratic reform Spirit of leveling 1

2 Spirit of leveling Jacksonian Democrats Disfranchisement of free blacks and women Blacks lost ground in early 1800s 7 8 The Popular Religious Revolt Second Great Awakening Methodists, Baptists Camp meetings Evangelicalism and minority rights Limits of equality Southern evangelicals strongly pro-slavery 9 10 The Rise of the Jacksonians Election of 1824: corrupt bargain Mass politics Democratic Party emerged around Jackson 11 The Rise of the Jacksonians Martin Van Buren Albany Regency Adept at managing voters Election of 1828: 55 percent voter turnout Jackson particularly strong in South and West Jackson s Presidency Jackson s Appeal Indian Removal The Nullification Crisis The Bank War 2

3 The Bank War 14 Jackson s Appeal Jackson versus privilege Spoils system brought in new personnel Distrust of Clay s American System Plan to create national market Jackson vetoed Maysville Road Bill Indian Removal Cherokee compromised with white society Constitution, newspaper, schools State of Georgia denied autonomy of Cherokees John Marshall supported Cherokees Removal Indian Removal Act Trail of Tears Black Hawk s War 17 Explore Indian Removal on MyHistoryLab The Nullification Crisis Tariff of Abominations 1828 Cotton growers objected to federal tariffs The South Carolina Exposition and Protest John C. Calhoun Nullification crisis Force Bill Jackson asked for congressional approval for use of military Nullifiers backed down 3

4 The Bank War Jackson versus the Bank of the United States Shared western distrust of banks Bank War Nicholas Biddle President of the Bank of the United States Early attempt to recharter Jackson vetoed recharter Bank dead Van Buren and Hard Times The Panic of 1837 The Independent Treasury Uproar over Slavery The Panic of 1837 Presidency of Martin Van Buren ( ) Bank of England tightened credit Cotton sales fell Recovery only began from The Independent Treasury Democrats associated with Panic of 1837 Opposition formed into Whig Party Specie Circular Van Buren created Independent Treasury System Had the effect of tightening credit further Uproar over Slavery Abolitionist movement William Lloyd Garrison 4

5 William Lloyd Garrison The Liberator 1831 Gag rule from 1836 to 1844 Spurred by abolitionist propaganda campaign The Rise of the Whig Party The Party Taking Shape Whig Persuasion The Election of 1840 The Party Taking Shape The first party system Federalists versus Democratic-Republicans Second party system Whigs versus Democrats Emerging sectional differences Whig coalitions, e.g., the Anti-Masons Whig Persuasion Appeal to native-born Protestants Strong in New England, Great Lakes regions The Election of 1840 William Henry Harrison Whig choice Presented as a man of the people Van Buren portrayed as elitist Turnout of 75 percent The Whigs in Power Harrison and Tyler 5

6 Harrison and Tyler The Texas Issue The Election of Harrison and Tyler William Henry Harrison (1841) John Tyler ( ) The Texas Issue 1836 Tejanos declared independence 1844 Secret treaty Webster Ashburton Treaty The Election of 1844 Oregon Polk pushed expansion 39 Conclusion The Jacksonian Era stimulated a revolution in American politics, leading to the rise of disciplined parties that appealed to a mass electorate. Voter participation skyrocketed. The national issues argued by the Democrats and Whigs until 1844 were largely economic. 6