Ohio & Michigan Boundary Posts

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1 Ohio & Michigan Boundary Posts History, Recovery & Preservation As originally surveyed by Samuel Stinson Gannett and Crew between July and October 1915 Joseph D. Fenicle, PS Ohio & Michigan Professional Land Surveyor Angular By Nature, LLC Adrian, MI Office of the Fulton County Engineer Wauseon, OH 1915 Ohio-Michigan State Line Survey In 1787 when the Northwest Ordinance was drafted based on an inaccurate map drawn by geographer John Mitchell, the problems began. Ohio thought the language from the Ordinance drawing an East-West line from the southern tip of Lake Michigan included present day Toledo and the Mouth of the Maumee River. The Michigan Territory held the Ordinance Line and when surveyed Ohio found the problem and changed their constitution to read a line drawn directly from Lake Michigan s southern extremity to the most northerly cape of the Miami (Maumee)Bay. Commonly known as the Harris Line, William Harris surveyed the line based upon Ohio s Constitution. John Fulton, as ordered by the Michigan Territory, surveyed the Ordinance Line, or Fulton Line and officially created the Toledo Strip. After the bloodless Toledo War and sour feelings on both sides Ohio was granted the 400 square miles of the Toledo Strip and by order of President Andrew Jackson granted Michigan Statehood and was granted 9000 square miles of the Upper Peninsula. As originally surveyed by William Harris in 1817, retraced by The Ohio Boundary Commissioners Surveyors and again retraced by General Land Office Surveyor Andrew Porter the line was finally permanently retraced and monumented by Samuel Stinson Gannett and crew in The 48 th Legislature of Michigan approved Act 84 of the Public Acts of 1915 and the 81rst General Assembly of Ohio approved House Bill 701 to jointly finance the survey. The survey resulted in 72 granite monuments being set over miles between July 12 and October 26, The entire survey cost $7, or $ per mile and was known as one of the cheapest state line retracement surveys ever performed, yet one of the most accurate. The monuments came from the largest open face granite quarry in the world Mount Airy, North Carolina. The monuments were shipped to Toledo and the top 18 inches were dressed and cut by Lloyd Walker Brothers of Toledo. S.S. Gannett, Geographer of the United States Geological Survey was known as a state line boundary retracement specialist. Over his career he surveyed the state lines between New Hampshire/Vermont, Maryland/West Virginia, North Carolina/Tennessee, Texas/Oklahoma and Idaho/Washington. He was the cousin of Henry Gannett, Chief Geographer of the United States Geological Survey. The Ohio-Michigan Boundary settled one of the most deeply disputed state lines in the United States. The granite monuments still exist today and when checked with modern survey instrumentation one can only marvel at the accuracy used to run and establish this historic state line Ohio-Michigan State Line Survey In 1787 when the Northwest Ordinance was drafted based on an inaccurate map drawn by geographer John Mitchell, the problems began. Ohio thought the language from the Ordinance drawing an East-West line from the southern tip of Lake Michigan included present day Toledo and the Mouth of the Maumee River. The Michigan Territory held the Ordinance Line and when surveyed Ohio found the problem and changed their constitution to read a line drawn directly from Lake Michigan s southern extremity to the most northerly cape of the Miami (Maumee)Bay. Commonly known as the Harris Line, William Harris surveyed the line based upon Ohio s Constitution. John Fulton, as ordered by the Michigan Territory, surveyed the Ordinance Line, or Fulton Line and officially created the Toledo Strip. After the bloodless Toledo War and sour feelings on both sides Ohio was granted the 400 square miles of the Toledo Strip and by order of President Andrew Jackson granted Michigan Statehood and was granted 9000 square miles of the Upper Peninsula. As originally surveyed by William Harris in 1817, retraced by The Ohio Boundary Commissioners Surveyors and again retraced by General Land Office Surveyor Andrew Porter the line was finally permanently retraced and monumented by Samuel Stinson Gannett and crew in The 48 th Legislature of Michigan approved Act 84 of the Public Acts of 1915 and the 81rst General Assembly of Ohio approved House Bill 701 to jointly finance the survey. The survey resulted in 72 granite monuments being set over miles between July 12 and October 26, The entire survey cost $7, or $ per mile and was known as one of the cheapest state line retracement surveys ever performed, yet one of the most accurate. The monuments came from the largest open face granite quarry in the world Mount Airy, North Carolina. The monuments were shipped to Toledo and the top 18 inches were dressed and cut by Lloyd Walker Brothers of Toledo. S.S. Gannett, Geographer of the United States Geological Survey was known as a state line boundary retracement specialist. Over his career he surveyed the state lines between New Hampshire/Vermont, Maryland/West Virginia, North Carolina/Tennessee, Texas/Oklahoma and Idaho/Washington. He was the cousin of Henry Gannett, Chief Geographer of the United States Geological Survey. The Ohio-Michigan Boundary settled one of the most deeply disputed state lines in the United States. The granite monuments still exist today and when checked with modern survey instrumentation one can only marvel at the accuracy used to run and establish this historic state line. 1

1915 Ohio-Michigan State Line Survey In 1787 when the Northwest Ordinance was drafted based on an inaccurate map drawn by geographer John Mitchell, the problems began.

2 1915 Ohio-Michigan State Line Survey In 1787 when the Northwest Ordinance was drafted based on an inaccurate map drawn by geographer John Mitchell, the problems began. Ohio thought the language from the Ordinance drawing an East-West line from the southern tip of Lake Michigan included present day Toledo and the Mouth of the Maumee River. The Michigan Territory held the Ordinance Line and when surveyed Ohio found the problem and changed their constitution to read a line drawn directly from Lake Michigan s southern extremity to the most northerly cape of the Miami (Maumee)Bay. Commonly known as the Harris Line, William Harris surveyed the line based upon Ohio s Constitution. John Fulton, as ordered by the Michigan Territory, surveyed the Ordinance Line, or Fulton Line and officially created the Toledo Strip. After the bloodless Toledo War and sour feelings on both sides Ohio was granted the 400 square miles of the Toledo Strip and by order of President Andrew Jackson granted Michigan Statehood and was granted 9000 square miles of the Upper Peninsula. As originally surveyed by William Harris in 1817, retraced by The Ohio Boundary Commissioners Surveyors and again retraced by General Land Office Surveyor Andrew Porter the line was finally permanently retraced and monumented by Samuel Stinson Gannett and crew in The 48 th Legislature of Michigan approved Act 84 of the Public Acts of 1915 and the 81rst General Assembly of Ohio approved House Bill 701 to jointly finance the survey. The survey resulted in 72 granite monuments being set over miles between July 12 and October 26, The entire survey cost $7, or $ per mile and was known as one of the cheapest state line retracement surveys ever performed, yet one of the most accurate. The monuments came from the largest open face granite quarry in the world Mount Airy, North Carolina. The monuments were shipped to Toledo and the top 18 inches were dressed and cut by Lloyd Walker Brothers of Toledo. S.S. Gannett, Geographer of the United States Geological Survey was known as a state line boundary retracement specialist. Over his career he surveyed the state lines between New Hampshire/Vermont, Maryland/West Virginia, North Carolina/Tennessee, Texas/Oklahoma and Idaho/Washington. He was the cousin of Henry Gannett, Chief Geographer of the United States Geological Survey. The Ohio-Michigan Boundary settled one of the most deeply disputed state lines in the United States. The granite monuments still exist today and when checked with modern survey instrumentation one can only marvel at the accuracy used to run and establish this historic state line Ohio-Michigan State Line Survey In 1787 when the Northwest Ordinance was drafted based on an inaccurate map drawn by geographer John Mitchell, the problems began. Ohio thought the language from the Ordinance drawing an East-West line from the southern tip of Lake Michigan included present day Toledo and the Mouth of the Maumee River. The Michigan Territory held the Ordinance Line and when surveyed Ohio found the problem and changed their constitution to read a line drawn directly from Lake Michigan s southern extremity to the most northerly cape of the Miami (Maumee)Bay. Commonly known as the Harris Line, William Harris surveyed the line based upon Ohio s Constitution. John Fulton, as ordered by the Michigan Territory, surveyed the Ordinance Line, or Fulton Line and officially created the Toledo Strip. After the bloodless Toledo War and sour feelings on both sides Ohio was granted the 400 square miles of the Toledo Strip and by order of President Andrew Jackson granted Michigan Statehood and was granted 9000 square miles of the Upper Peninsula. As originally surveyed by William Harris in 1817, retraced by The Ohio Boundary Commissioners Surveyors and again retraced by General Land Office Surveyor Andrew Porter the line was finally permanently retraced and monumented by Samuel Stinson Gannett and crew in The 48 th Legislature of Michigan approved Act 84 of the Public Acts of 1915 and the 81rst General Assembly of Ohio approved House Bill 701 to jointly finance the survey. The survey resulted in 72 granite monuments being set over miles between July 12 and October 26, The entire survey cost $7, or $ per mile and was known as one of the cheapest state line retracement surveys ever performed, yet one of the most accurate. The monuments came from the largest open face granite quarry in the world Mount Airy, North Carolina. The monuments were shipped to Toledo and the top 18 inches were dressed and cut by Lloyd Walker Brothers of Toledo. S.S. Gannett, Geographer of the United States Geological Survey was known as a state line boundary retracement specialist. Over his career he surveyed the state lines between New Hampshire/Vermont, Maryland/West Virginia, North Carolina/Tennessee, Texas/Oklahoma and Idaho/Washington. He was the cousin of Henry Gannett, Chief Geographer of the United States Geological Survey. The Ohio-Michigan Boundary settled one of the most deeply disputed state lines in the United States. The granite monuments still exist today and when checked with modern survey instrumentation one can only marvel at the accuracy used to run and establish this historic state line. 2

Survey History of Fulton County 1815 1817 1818 1819-1821 1834 1835 1837 1905 1915 1934 1943 1959 1969 1987 1993 1994 1995 2006 2012 Benjamin Hough, DS & Alexander Holmes, DS Michigan Meridian Survey

Fulton Survey of the Ordinance Line General Land Office Surveys (Riley, Kellogg, Beasley, Heaton, Rice, Wampler, Mullett, Swan, et al) Andrew Talcott, Washington Hood & Robert E.

3 Survey History of Fulton County Benjamin Hough, DS & Alexander Holmes, DS Michigan Meridian Survey Ohio-Michigan William Harris Survey Ohio-Michigan John A. Fulton Survey of the Ordinance Line General Land Office Surveys (Riley, Kellogg, Beasley, Heaton, Rice, Wampler, Mullett, Swan, et al) Andrew Talcott, Washington Hood & Robert E. Lee Survey of the Ordinance Line Ohio-Michigan Ohio Commissioners Survey (Sebried Dodge, Jonathan Taylor, Uri Seely & John Patterson) Ohio-Michigan U.S. Land Office Andrew Porter Survey of the Harris Line USGS Horizontal Triangulation Survey Ohio-Michigan Samuel Stinson Gannett Survey of the Harris Line and Porter Line. 1rst Order USGS Vertical Survey 1rst Order USCGS Horizontal Triangulation Survey 3rd Order USGS Vertical Survey 3rd Order USGS Vertical Survey 1rst Order NGS Horizontal Survey Dean Ringle, PS, PE Ohio-Michigan Survey of the Stinson Line 1rst Order Fulton County Engineers Office Horizontal Control GPS Survey 1rst Order Ohio Department of Transportation Horizontal Control GPS Survey ODOT CORS/VRS Survey GPS Low Distortion Projection Project (Village of Archbold) 3

4 = 1817 William Harris Survey June 18, Mile Post plus 59 Chains, 6 Links August 01, Mile Post August 12, 1817 August 06, 1817 = 1817 William Harris Survey = 1818 John Fulton Survey June 18, Mile Post plus 59 Chains, 6 Links August 01, Mile Post August 12, 1817 August 06, 1817 October 19,

5 = 1817 William Harris Survey = 1818 John Fulton Survey = 1834 Andrew Talcott Survey June 18, Mile Post plus 59 Chains, 6 Links August 01, Mile Post August 12, 1817 August 06, 1817 October 19, 1818 = 1817 William Harris Survey = 1818 John Fulton Survey = 1834 Andrew Talcott Survey = 1835 Ohio Commissioners Survey June 18, Mile Post plus 59 Chains, 6 Links August 01, Mile Post August 12, 1817 August 06, 1817 October 19, 1818 = 1817 William Harris Survey = 1818 John Fulton Survey = 1834 Andrew Talcott Survey = 1835 Ohio Commissioners Survey = 1837 Andrew Porter Survey June 18, Mile Post plus 59 Chains, 6 Links August 01, Mile Post August 12, 1817 August 06, 1817 October 19,

6 = 1817 William Harris Survey = 1818 John Fulton Survey = 1834 Andrew Talcott Survey = 1835 Ohio Commissioners Survey = 1837 Andrew Porter Survey = 1842 John Mullett Survey June 18, Mile Post 194 Mile Post plus 59 Chains, 6 Links August 01, 1817 August 12, 1817 August 06, 1817 October 19, 1818 = 1817 William Harris Survey = 1818 John Fulton Survey = 1834 Andrew Talcott Survey = 1835 Ohio Commissioners Survey = 1837 Andrew Porter Survey = 1842 John Mullett Survey = 1915 Samuel Gannett Survey June 18, Mile Post 194 Mile Post plus 59 Chains, 6 Links August 01, 1817 August 12, 1817 August 06, 1817 October 19, 1818 = 1817 William Harris Survey = 1818 John Fulton Survey = 1834 Andrew Talcott Survey = 1835 Ohio Commissioners Survey = 1837 Andrew Porter Survey = 1842 John Mullett Survey = 1915 Samuel Gannett Survey June 18, Mile Post 194 Mile Post plus 59 Chains, 6 Links August 01, 1817 August 12, 1817 August 06, 1817 October 19,

7 Barzillai Gannett Elizabeth Farley Barzillai Gannett Elizabeth Farley 2/9/2017 Details of the 1915 Survey Crew Samuel Stinson Gannett, Geographer U.S. Geological Survey, in charge. L.L. Linton, of Michigan, Recorder. C. Alfred Campbell, of Ohio, Rear Chainman. F.G. Sorenson, of Ohio, Rear Chainman. R.B. Jackson, of Michigan, Rear Rodman. R.B. Sherman, of Ohio, Head Rodman. Instruments Transit No. 80 (new) with circles 6 inches in diameter graduated to 10 spaces Telescope furnished with stadia wire, ratio 1 to 100 Two 300-foot steel tapes graduated to feet throughout. One 100-foot steel tape, with necessary repair outfit. Two red and white iron transit rods 8 feet in length. One stadia rod 13 feet in length. Plumb bobs, tally pins, etc. Sherman, Christopher. The Ohio-Michigan Boundary. Columbus: The Ohio State Reformatory, P. 15 & 25. Print. Edward Elizabeth Michael Farley Catherine Joseph Barzillai Joseph Farley Edward Elizabeth Michael Farley Catherine Joseph Barzillai Joseph Farley 7

8 Joseph Farley Gannett Mary E. Patterson Barzillai Gannett Elizabeth Farley Barzillai Gannett Elizabeth Farley Barzillai Gannett Elizabeth Farley Michael Farley Gannett Hanna Trufant Michael Farley Gannett Hanna Trufant Michael Farley Gannett Hanna Trufant 2/9/2017 Edward Elizabeth Michael Farley Catherine Joseph Barzillai Joseph Farley Seth Sarah Henry James Catherine Edward Elizabeth Michael Farley Catherine Joseph Barzillai Joseph Farley Henry Gannett Chief Geographer, United States Geological Survey Seth Sarah Henry James Catherine Edward Elizabeth Michael Farley Catherine Joseph Barzillai Joseph Farley Henry Gannett Chief Geographer, United States Geological Survey Charles Eben Mary George Sarah Isabel Addie Emma Joseph Miland Anna William Arthur Samuel Stinson Seth Sarah Henry James Catherine 8

9 Joseph Farley Gannett Mary E. Patterson Joseph Farley Gannett Mary E. Patterson Barzillai Gannett Elizabeth Farley Barzillai Gannett Elizabeth Farley Michael Farley Gannett Hanna Trufant Michael Farley Gannett Hanna Trufant 2/9/2017 Samuel Stinson Gannett Geographer, United States Geological Survey Edward Elizabeth Michael Farley Catherine Joseph Barzillai Joseph Farley Henry Gannett Chief Geographer, United States Geological Survey Charles Eben Mary George Sarah Isabel Addie Emma Joseph Miland Anna William Arthur Samuel Stinson Seth Sarah Henry James Catherine Samuel Stinson Gannett Geographer, United States Geological Survey Edward Elizabeth Michael Farley Catherine Joseph Barzillai Joseph Farley Henry Gannett Chief Geographer, United States Geological Survey Charles Eben Mary George Sarah Isabel Addie Emma Joseph Miland Anna William Arthur Samuel Stinson Seth Sarah Henry James Catherine (Married Samuel Gideon Stinson) 9

10 a society for the increase and diffusion of geographic knowledge January 13, 1888 a society for the increase and diffusion of geographic knowledge January 13, 1888 The Cosmos Club Washington D.C. Founded by John Wesley Powell also one of the founders History of Boundary Posts 72 Monuments Total Cost $18.00 each including delivery Total height = 5 6 Originated in Mount Airy, North Carolina Each post weighs 700 pounds and is surrounded by 700 pounds of concrete The top 18 was dressed by Lloyd Walker Brothers in Toledo, OH 10

11 Post 49 November 08,

12 12

13 13

14 Post 33 December 15,

15 15

16 16

17 17

18 Post 38 April 27, 2007 & August 12, 2010 Considered Lost 18

19 19

20 20

21 21

22 22

23 23

24 24

25 25

26 Post 40 October 02,

27 27

28 28

29 29

30 Post 22 March 16,

31 31

32 32

33 Post 21 August 18, 2010 & October 13, 2010 Considered Lost 33

34 34

35 35

36 36

37 Post 41 October 17,

38 Post 70 October 07,

39 39

40 40

41 41

42 42

43 Post 54a December 16, 2015 Ringle, Dean C. Ohio-Michigan Boundary Resurvey. Point of Beginning. February-March Print 43

Ringle, Dean C. Ohio-Michigan Boundary Resurvey. Point of Beginning. February-March 1994.

44 Ringle, Dean C. Ohio-Michigan Boundary Resurvey. Point of Beginning. February-March Print Photos Courtesy of GrizzFlyer Ringle, Dean C. Ohio-Michigan Boundary Resurvey. Point of Beginning. February-March Print 44

45 45

46 46

47 Post 28 September 16,

48 48

49 49

50 Post 29 September 16,

51 51

52 52

53 53

54 54

55 Thank You Questions? 55

2/9/2017 FEBRUARY 23, Joseph D. Fenicle, PS Ohio & Michigan Professional Surveyor Angular By Nature, LLC Adrian, Michigan

2/9/2017 FEBRUARY 23, Joseph D. Fenicle, PS Ohio & Michigan Professional Surveyor Angular By Nature, LLC Adrian, Michigan FEBRUARY 23, 2017 Radisson Plaza Hotel Kalamazoo, MI Joseph D. Fenicle, PS Ohio & Michigan Professional Surveyor Angular By Nature, LLC Adrian, MI http://rhymeswithorange.com/?s=the+new+neighbors Joseph