STATEMENT BY WITNESS

Transcription

1 ROINN COSANTA. BUREAU OF MILITARY HISTORY, STATEMENT BY WITNESS DOCUMENT NO. W.S. 434 Witness Charles Dalton, 86 Morehampton Road, Donnybrook, Dublin. Identity Member of 'F' Company 2nd Battalion Irish Volunteers, Member of Intelligence Squad Subject Activities of 'F' Company 2nd Battalion ; Intelligence Squad Conditions, if any, stipulated by Witness Nil File No. S.1540 Form B.S.M.2.

2 CONTENTS. Page. The Intelligence Squad 1 Counter Intelligence 3 Type of contacts 6 G.H.Q. Personnel, Crow St. & Brunswick St. 7 The Director of Intelligence and his staff. 8 Enemy agents and spies 9 The re-armament of the Volunteers after Special mission to London 13 Raids on mails 14 Attempted rescue of R. Barton, T.D. at Berkeley Road. 16 Plan for the wiping out of the political branch of the "G" Division. 16 British military fired on at Newcomen Bridge. 17 Swoop on Enemy Agents on 21st November The Igoe Squad 21 Vincent Fouvarge and Brigade Intelligence. 27 Attempted large scale ambush of "F" Coy. Auxiliaries. 28 Secret meetings of Dáil Éireann 29 Capture of armoured car 29 Ambush of British troops at Drumcondra. 37 Efforts to prevent hangings at Mountjoy 39 Encirclement of area in Dublin by Crown Forces. 40 The late Mick McDonnell's reference to Active Service Squad. 40

3 STATEMENT BY CHARLES DALTON (Colonel, retired) 86 Morehampton Road, Donnybrook, Dublin. I joined the Volunteers, F/Company, 2nd Battalion, in December My company officer at that time was Frank Henderson. Henderson afterwards went up to the battalion and Oscar Traynor then became company captain. After some preliminary company jobs, I was sent for by the Brigadier, Dick McKee, and attached to the H.Q. Squad on an assisting basis. THE INTELLIGENCE SQUAD. After participating with the squad in the seizure of the Castle mails at Dominick St. Dublin, in February 1920, I was again sent for by the Brigadier who asked me would I join the G.H.Q. Intelligence Unit, which I did. I reported for duty to the Deputy Director of Intelligence, Liam Tobin, at an office in Crow St. which was used as our headquarters. My duties were outlined to me by the Assistant Director of Intelligence, who was in daily communication with Michael Collins. They consisted of tracing the activities of enemy agents and spies, keeping records of enemy personnel, contact with friendly associates in government and Crown service, organising and developing intelligence in the Dublin Brigade as an adjunct to headquarters Information Service, and participating in active service actions arising from our duties. Our Department was strengthened from time to time by the inclusion of selected officers, and, with the growth of duties and the increase of activities by the Crown forces, it was later found necessary to set up an additional office to house the Intelligence Department. This office was located Brunswick St. Cinema. over the

4 2. In those years of activity, the sources of our information wore very limited, due to the fact that all Government Civil Servants, including the members of the Metropolitan Police, R.I.C. and other Crown forces, bad taken an oath of loyalty to the Crown. The fact that they occupied pensionable positions, even though they had mild national leanings, did not induce them to be of help to the Republican movement. One of the most fruitful sources of information to our Department would have been the Post Office, which controlled the delivery of correspondence throughout the country, the dispatch of all telegrams and the working of the telephone system. In those days the Crown forces depended mainly for inter-communication on the telephone and telegraph systems. We possessed the key to the R.I.C. code, which was changed monthly. Through this channel we were able to forestall Crown forces' raids, impending arrests, etc., but, due to the fact that our helpers in this department were so few, the results obtained were far from complete. Similarly, in the postal dispatch departments and letter sorting offices, we had very few helpers, and, although the members of the Crown forces used the mails freely, the amount of information gathered through interception, raids on mails, etc. was rather limited, due to lack of co-operators. In the Central Telegraph Office, Liam Archer, and in the principal Sorting Office, Paddy Moynihan (nom-de-plume 118) were the most important aides. The Post Office aides invariably left their information for Michael Collins's perusal at addresses in Parnell Street, viz: Jim Kirwan, publican, Knocknagow dairy shop, and Liam Devlin, publican. They were the principal rendezvous for these people.

5 3. Before leaving the subject of postal assistance, it is well to mention that the Director received valuable information from some postal officials he personally dealt with who were engaged on the mail boats, and from London through Sam Maguire, who was in charge of that city on his behalf. Amongst the important information that was supplied were particulars of the Castle mails, including Lord French's mails and how they were transmitted, and the plan of the Sorting Office in the Rink, from which Government mails were subsequently seized. In certain cases, copies of telegrams in code were forwarded to us, and in some instances, letters going to a particular individual who was a suspect came into our hands likewise. C0UNTER INTELLIGENCE. Counter Intelligence was organised traditionally through the police. In Dublin city the "G" Division controlled all political information, and in the country the Special Crimes Branch of the R.I.C. did likewise. In addition to these two sources of information, the British army had a military Intelligence Service which was conducted in Dublin by Major S.S. Hill Dillon. During 1921, the British Secret Service established an independent Intelligence Unit principally in Dublin, which worked, it is believed, directly with the Cabinet in London through the War Office. Agents of the latter body were identified by us, as these lived as civilians in the City, following fictitious occupations and participating, to a limited degree, in what was their final objective - the elimination of active I.R.C. leaders through secret murder. Many of these Agents were executed on 21st November 1920, before their operational plan was put into effective action.

6 4. In Dublin the "G" Division operated with open contempt for the Volunteers until some of their members had been shot. After these shootings "G" Division were "confined to barracks" in the Castle and were thus immobilised from active detection work. In this body there were two or three officials who co-operated with our Department and supplied valuable information to counteract the activities of the Crown forces. These were Jim McNamara, David Neligan, whom I met frequently and Ned Broy, whom Collins himself met. These men had channels of contact through very reliable intermediaries, In many instances, I or another member of our staff had, at short notice, to meet them adjacent to the Castle in the street. There we learned of intended raids, the location of prisoners, etc. The assistance of those men cannot be sufficiently recognised, due to the fact that they alone were able to confirm beyond doubt the activities of suspects whom we had under observation. The Director of Intelligence was in touch with contacts in the prison service, warders in Mountjoy Jail - Peter Breslin. In the R.I.C. he received valuable Daly and intelligence from Sergeant McCarthy, stationed in Belfast in the County Inspector's office. In the Auxiliary Division of the R.I.C. we had assistance from an Englishman, Sergeant Reynolds of "F" Coy. stationed in Dublin Castle. He supplied information through a friend of his, Brighid Foley, whom he first met during a raid. As regards the R.I.C., this Force did not operate in the city of Dublin, but a few friendly members were contacted in the counties where they were stationed. Their headquarters were located at the Depot, Phoenix Park.

7 5. The British Military Intelligence Department operated from the Dublin District office at Royal Barracks. Contact was never established with this body other than through the efforts of a typist, Miss Mernin, at a late stage in the struggle. From the Intelligence Officer of the 1st Southern Division (Florrie O'Donoghue) copies of radiograms intercepted were forwarded to our office for decoding, but, as all these were in the British Naval numerical code, we were unsuccessful in decyphering them until after the Truce. In Dublin city at any rate, the main sources of information to the Castle, in addition to police reports, were anonymous letters, telephone calls which we were unsuccessful in intercepting, arid material supplied from what was known as the loyalist element. The "G" Division depended, as also did the Secret Service for much of their information on particulars supplied, mainly about individuals, by newsvendors, hotel porters, policemen, as well as the ordinary police reports. For instance, Barton of the "G" Division was held in the highest esteem by the publicans, pawnbrokers and other commercial men, due to the fact that he had established a unique method in the tracing of petty larceny and illegal pawning of stolen goods. In carrying out his routine police duties, he had many newsvendors and minor thieves of the pickpocket variety in his power, and he utilised this type of informer for checking up on the movements of prominent wanted Volunteers. After Barton's demise, informers of this type were contacted by other members of the counter Intelligence Service, and became commonly known as "touts". It was one of these "touts", Pike, who followed Dan Breen and Sean Treacy from Flemings of Drumcondra to Fernside, and it was another of these, "Canters" Ryan, who successfully discovered the hideout,

8 6. during curfew hours, of Dick McKee and Peadar Clancy, from which they were taken prisoner and subsequently shot. At the time of this occurrence, Ryan was serving as a military policeman, but lived in a disreputable neighbourhood in Dublin TYPE OF CONTACTS. Outside those already referred to, the services of friendly waiters, hotel porters, railway officials and, in fact, anyone in a position to supply or confirm information relative to the activity of Crown agents was solicited and utilised. In this connection the elimination of spies was assisted through the medium of reports thus received. This type of helper was contacted by members of our staff. In reality, the number of dependable assistants in this category was strictly limited. The receipt of information was important, but more important still was the necessity for complete silence on the part of our informants, as failure to observe this would have frustrated the work of our Department, as well as possibly loading to the elimination of ourselves. Offers of assistance were many, but the integrity and resourcefulness of the would-be informants in many cases did not qualify them for inclusion in our network of helpers. If, as a result of information supplied by a hotel aide, shooting accrued, this individual, as well as other members of the hotel staff, was subject to a "grilling" by the Crown forces. Anyone known to have sympathies with Sinn Fein would receive special attention by the Authorities. Such an examination could possibly result in the informant doublecrossing us, with unhappy results. When we got offers of assistance we first had to make up our minds whether we could trust them or not, and then we could only tell them very little. There was the danger

9 7. that, in their enthusiasm to give information, they would go and ask other people for information without exercising proper caution. One of our greatest sources of information in the tracing of movements of prominent personages was the society columns of newspapers, covering banquets, dinners, etc. Also "Who's Who", which enabled us to trace the clubs, hobbies, etc. of these people, as well as Press photographs taken at Castle or similar functions. In our Crow St. office we kept an alphabetical card index of all known enemy agents, Auxiliary Cadets, R.I.C. men, etc. Any information as to their movements, whereabouts or intentions obtained from the Press in this manner was tabulated and circulated to the country Volunteers, if it concerned them. Photographs were studied by our staff, and, in many instances our identification, on the street or elsewhere, of these individuals was made possible through a study of their photographs. G.H.Q. PERSONNEL, CROW ST. AND LATER BRUNSWICKSTREET. Michael Collins was Director of Intelligence. He operated from his own personal office in the daytime and saw his lieutenants at night. Liam Tobin was Deputy D.I., and Tom Cullen was Assistant D.I. The staff consisted of Frank Thornton, Joe Dolan, Joe Guilfoyle, Paddy Caldwell (later transferred to "An t-oglach" staff), myself, Frank Saurin, Charlie Byrne, Peter McGee, Dan McDonnell, Ned Kellegher, James Hughes, Con O'Neill, Bob O'Neill, Jack Walsh and Paddy Kennedy. Jimmy Murray was, I believe, a member of 6th Battalion and acted as Battalion I.O. Murray resided in Kingstown and was at one time employed on the boats.

10 8. Shortly before the Truce, Murray and Dan McDonnell were our contacts with Dave Neligan, who was then residing with another Secret Service man (Woolley) in Kingstown, having left the "G" Division, on the instructions of Michael Collins, to join the British Secret Service proper. THE DIRECTOR OF INTELLGENCE AND HIS STAFF. During the daytime Michael Collins worked from an office of his own, and at no time did he visit the Crow St. or Brunswick St. offices. Inter-communication was maintained by his special messenger, Joe O'Reilly. In the evening time Michael Collins used to meet Liam Tobin and Tom Cullen at one of his numerous rendezvous in the Parnell Square area - these were Jim Kirwan's, Vaughan's Hotel and Liam Devlin's. In the earlier years Michael Collins used to meet these men at 46 Parnell Square and at McCarthy's in Mountjoy St. They were all on the run and on many occasions they stayed together, sometimes at Joe O'Reilly's lodgings, Smith's of Lindsay Road, and on other occasions at Paddy O'Shea's house in Lindsay Road. Michael Collins used as his personal office Miss Hoey's house in Mespil Road; also Mary St., and finally Harcourt Terrace. I was on duty at the Harcourt Terrace office, which was an ordinary dwelling-house, furnished as such, and in the front bedroom the D.I. had his papers. These were concealed in a secret cupboard on the landing, in which he himself could take refuge should the house be raided while he was in occupation. It was from his personal office that Michael Collins dealt with all the Brigade and country Intelligence reports.

11 9. ENEMYAGENTS AND SPIES. Following the death in action of Seen Treacy, we feceived information through our contacts in the Special Branch in the Castle that Sergeant Roche and Constable Fitzgerald were in Dublin. They had come to Dublin from Tipperary to identify the remains of Treacy, and, evidently, to be available, if required, in the search, for Dan Breen who had escaped, wounded. On 17th October 1920, I was in touch with Dave Neligan, who told me that the wanted men would probably be dining in the Ormond Hotel that day, having left the Castle to do so. Neligan first arranged that he would take them to lunch and would indicate to me that they were the wanted men. Something went wrong with this arrangement, but nevertheless, the squad took up positions around Grattan Bridge. Neligan came along on his own and bumped into the two R.I.C. men who, had left the Ormond and were on their way back. He conversed with them, and after parting from them, he gave the pre-arranged signal by waving his handkerchief. Those of the squad nearest to the R.I.C. men opened fire on them, fatally wounding Roche, but Fitzgerald escaped by running up Capel Street. Both men was winning cirilian clothing We understood that Sergeant Roche was a particularly G.D. active Crimes Special man, and his gloating over the corpse of Treacy had irritated even some of his own associates. D.I. O'Sullivan of the R.I.C. was employed by the British in a clerical capacity. He had made the acquaintance of a lady employed in Messrs. Arnott's, and she subsequently became his fiancée. While waiting for her coming from business in Henry St. he was shot on the 12th December 1920, by members of the squad on instructions from Intelligence Office.

12 10. Through information received through one of our contacts employed as a waiter in the Wicklow Hotel, it was confirmed that Doran, the night porter, was in contact with enemy Intelligence officers during curfew hours, and instructions were received that he was to be liquidated. Several efforts were made to carry the order into effect and on 28th January 1921, our contact in the hotel, Paddy O'Shea, raised the restaurant blind, indicating that the man then leaving the hotel was Doran. Doran walked in the direction of some of the waiting squad who acted on my signal and shot him. Subsequently Doran's widow communicated to Michael Collins that her husband had been shot by Crown forces and that she was in dire straits financially. Rather than tell her the true facts, Collins instructed that she receive financial assistance. Arising out of a letter which had been intercepted in the course of post by one of Collins's sorters, the location of the writer, Captain Cecil Lees, was discovered. Captain Lees had not been in Dublin very long when he wrote the letter (reproduced in facsimile in Piaras Beaslai's "Michael Collins") a friend of his the War Office, to in indicating that he had been in touch with Major S.S. Hill Dillon, District G.S.0., Intelligence Branch, Dublin District, Royal Barracks. From the nature of the text it was clear that Captain Lees was a British Secret Service Agent engaged in the preliminary surveying of prospects for the murder of Irish leaders. This communication was sent to the Director of Intelligence for his instructions and was returned with the Comment: '"oggs" him'. This was the code word for the immediate execution of Captain Lees. I and other Intelligence officers, with members of the squad, took up positions each morning endeavouring to intercept Lees leaving his hotel, and on one such morning when he left at an early hour, I think about nine o'clock, he was shot on his way to the Castle.

13 11. Brady and Halpin were shot on 4th June 1921 by members of F/Company, 2nd Battalion, under the command of Lieutenant Danny Lyons. They had been acting as touts in conveying information to the Crown forces. The information relative to their activities had been supplied through the Brigade Intelligence officers. Robert Pike was shot on 18th June He was a member of the tinker class and lived in Tolka Cottages, Drumcondra. I believe he was an ex-soldier who had been in the world war, and he was conveying information to the Crown forces. There was an unconfirmed statement that he had reported on Dan Breen's and Sean Treacy's movements from Fleming's of Drumcondra to Fernside. Appleford and Bennett were two Auxiliary cadets of F/Company and were shot in Grafton St. in an abortive encircling movement on 24th June It was intended to enclose Grafton St. and shoot any members of the Crown forces who happened to be there. These two individual Cadets Appleford and Bennett, had been recognised by the Intelligence present, from a marked photograph of F/Company of the Auxiliaries which had been supplied to the Intelligence Department by Sergeant Reynolds, already referred to. The general intention was that anyone in Grafton St. who was fashionably dressed and believed to be an enemy agent was to be shot. The Director of Intelligence received a report from a veterinary student, Sean Hyde, who was living in 20 Lower Mount St. to the effect that there were two suspects by the names of McMahon and Anglis, living in No. 21 Lower Mount St., where a number of medical students were lodging. I was instructed to investigate and I met Hyde, who gave me all the facts. It would appear that one of these men, McMahon,

14 12. had been out during curfew on the night that Mr. Lynch of Kilmallock had been shot by Crown forces in the Exchange Hotel, Parliament St. These suspects did not go out in the daytime except to an ex-servicemen's club, known as the South Irish Horse Club, in Merrion Square. They also occasionally visited a billiards saloon at the rear of a tobacconist shop in Mount St. This was owned by a Mr. Kerr who was not sympathetic to the movement. I duly reported back, and instructions were issued that these men were to be shot if they could be intercepted on the street. I was working on this assignment with some members of the Squad, on some occasions with Tom Keogh, Joe Leonard and others. We were unsuccessful in sighting the wanted men. One of Hyde's friends reported one evening that the two men had gone into Kerr's billiards saloon. On this occasion I was accompanied only by Joe Leonard. We went into the saloon, in which there was one table, and two gentlemen were playing billiards. The only description I had of McMahon, who was the principal party, was that he wore a signet ring on a finger of his left hand. We sat down on the seat and decided that when the man who was wearing the ring came to our side of the table we would fire. While thus engaged, preparatory to taking action, Hyde's friend, Conny O'Leary, rushed in and said that McMahon had gone back into his house. On a check-up afterwards, it appeared that while McMahon had, in fact, entered the shop, he had gone to an upstairs apartment to see a girl, and was not the individual we had seen in the billiards saloon. We continued after McMahon for a day or two, but the Director of Intelligence deferred action in view of reports which had come to hand concerning the location of other suspects residing in various parts of the city.

15 13. THE RE-ARMAMENT OF THE VOLUNTEERS AFTER When I joined the Volunteers there were very few arms held by members of the Dublin Brigade, and it became one of our regular duties to report on and seize arms either at private houses or from government sources when opportunity arose. After the first shooting activities by the Volunteers, it was discovered that a source of supply, viz: serving Tommies, for ammunition was being exploited by the Castle authorities for the issuing surreptitiously of explosive revolver ammunition to Volunteers. Fortunately, information of this move was received, and a general warning was issued to all Volunteers to examine their.45 revolver ammunition for any rounds which bore an imprint "Z.Z." as these were explosive cartridges. In addition to these activities, I participated in many actions, including the seizure of arms from Messrs. Guinness's boat "the Clarecastle", the filling of home-made hand grenades with gelignite, the attempted shooting of hangmen on arrival at Dublin to carry out executions, attempted rescues of prisoners in military custody (Barton, the T.D., at Blessington St., and Dan Breen from the Mater Hospital, after being wounded at Fernside), and the encirclement of Grafton St. shortly before the Truce. SPECIAL MISSION TO LONDON. Before I was actually attached to the Intelligence Department, but in the period during which I had carried out a few jobs with the brigade or squad, the Brigadier sent for me and I met him at 44 or 46 Parnell Square. Several other Volunteers selected from the different companies were there also, but Dick McKee and Peadar Clancy interviewed us individually. I was asked had I ever been to London, and I

16 14. said I had not. I was then asked would I be prepared to go there on a special mission and I said "certainly". I was told to be available to travel at short notice, but no further instructions were received about this, so I did not make the trip across. It was stated afterwards that the object of this visit to London was the shooting of members of the British Cabinet, at the instigation of the Minister for Defence, Cathal Brugha. From stories I heard subsequently, it would appear that the Director of Intelligence, Michael Collins, opposed the plan as being as impracticable and out of harmony with his own plans. RAIDS ON MAILS. The first of these was the seizure of the Castle mails at Lower Dominick St., en route to the Castle from the Rink. This raid was carried out by the squad under Mick McDonnell's command. in the party were Tom Keogh, Jim Slattery, Vincie Byrne and myself; there may have been one or two others, but I cannot recollect them. The next raid was on the chief sorting office in the Rink, and was carried out by a party of Volunteers selected by the Vice-Commandant of the 2nd Battalion, Oscar Traynor. As it took place immediately before I joined the Intelligence Staff, I was acting under the command of Traynor on that occasion. I was in the first party to approach the Rink, and entered the building by going down the mail chutes for the bags. Joe Dolan and another Intelligence Officer had already entered the building and joined our party in holding up the postal staff. This raid was made possible by the information and maps

17 15. supplied by one of our contacts, Patrick Moynihan (118), indicating the layout of the Rink and the section where the Government mails were sorted and held. It is interesting to note that an armoured car always accompanied the mails in transit, and that the building was equipped with alarm bells direct to the Castle. Fortunately, the raid was carried out with such swiftness that we were able to frustrate any attempt to give an alarm, and all government mails for the various Departments wore successfully seized. These included mails for the R.I.C., Under-Secretary, Viceroy, military, etc. The third raid was on Ballsbridge post office. While operating with the Intelligence Department, we received a report that the newly-formed Auxiliary Division with their headquarters at Beggars Bush Barracks, sent a tender of Cadets each morning at about nine o'clock to collect their mails at Ballsbridge post office. Having surveyed the collections, I submitted a report which was transferred to the Brigadier for local action, and a successful seizure of the Auxiliaries' mails was made. The knowledge gained through captured documents was of great value to us. Not alone was the information thus obtained of military importance, but the fact that the transmission of mails became unreliable deterred many would-be informers from sending information through the post. As a matter of interest, the addresses obtained from the private correspondence of Auxiliary Cadets helped to establish the identity of these people, together with their home addresses in Great Britain. After the burning and sacking of Irish towns, reprisals were taken by the I.R.A. in Great Britain by burning some of the Cadets' homes.

18 16. Arising out of the initial shootings and raids for mails, large sums were offered by way of rewards to the people of Dublin for information which would lead to the arrest of the participants. ATTEMPTED RESCUE OF abert BARTON, T.D., AT BERKELEY ROAD. On 12th February 1920, on instructions from the Brigadier, we took up positions at the junction of Mountjoy St., Berkeley Road and Nelson St. We had been advised that Barton, who was on trial in the Dublin police courts, would be removed to Mountjoy jail in a military van. When the military van was approaching, some of the Volunteers present ran out a handcart containing painter's ladders, thus stopping the progress of the van. We drew our pistols and surrounded the van. In the excitement one of the Volunteers discharged his revolver, wounding himself in the leg. However, Barton was not with the party in the van, and as they were unarmed, they were allowed to proceed on their way. Major Crew was in charge of the British party, and appealed to us not to lose our heads and shoot them. PLAN FOR THE WIPING OUT OF THE POLITIOAL BRANCH OF "G" DIVISION IN ONE ACTION. In September 1920, before becoming a whole-time member of the Intelligence Department, when I was assisting the squad, I was instructed to accompany Paddy Daly and Joe Laonard and report with other members of the squad for an operation to be carried out outside the Upper Castle Yard in the maze of alley-ways that approached the rear entrance of to S.S. Michael and John's Church. We took up the various positions indicated by Mick McDonnell, and we were advised that a party of the political

19 17. branch of "G" Division would leave from the Upper Castle Yard on their way to eight o'clock Mass in the church mentioned, as was their habit. This was the only occasion that these much-wanted men left the Castle during the week. Tom Cullen, who was the Assistant Director of Intelligence, took up a position quite close to the Castle Gate, and on a signal from him the job was to proceed. The reason that this signal was necessary before action taking place was to safeguard McNamara should he be a member of the party leaving the Castle, as happened. On the first occasion the job was abortive for this reason. Each subsequent Sunday we took up positions, but the job was called off on the spot, due to the fact that Terry McSwiney was not dead. The latter had been on hunger-strike for a lengthy period, and Collins deferred action until such time as McSwiney would die, so that this would be a fitting climax. In all, we took up positions on four or five Sundays. BRITISH MILITARY FIRED ON AT NEWCOMEN BRIDGE. On a Sunday morning early in the month of October 1920, accompanied by Joe Leonard of the squad, we called to collect Paddy Daly at his residence, Bessboro' Avenue, North Strand, shortly after curfew had ended. We were proceeding shortly after 7 o'clock to report to Michael McDonnell at Saints Michael and John's in connection with the attempted ambush of members of the political branch of the "G" Division. Approaching Newcomen Bridge, a lorry containing British 'Tommies passed us by and pulled up on the Canal Bridge, the soldiers taking up positions on the bridge for search and hold-up purposes. The three of us turned sharply at left angles down Ossory Road where we crossed a wall on to the railway lines. We took Daly's gun from him and he proceeded to join the squad at its rendezvous, having to pass through

20 18. the military picket. As daylight broke, we saw a sergeant and some soldiers walking down the railway in our direction, so me decamped and proceeded along the link-line towards Drumcondra. From each overhead bridge we could see a military party on each corresponding canal bridge. At 8.30 a.m., which was approximately the time the squad would be returning, we decided to fire on the military holding, Binn's Bridge, Drumcondra. We both emptied our pistols - I was using a mauser ( a peter-the-painter) and Leonard, a colt (.45), and we saw two soldiers fall as a result of our fire. The range was approximately 200 yards. We proceeded along the railway for about a quarter of a mile and climbed down on to the roadway in the neighbourhood of my house. We continued along to Botanic Avenue to the house of a Volunteer Goggins where we left our arms. As a result of the unexpected attack, the military cordon was withdrawn from all canal bridges and the roads left free again. Subsequently, Brigadier McKee sent for me and asked me what was in my mind in firing on the soldiers. He seemed to be satisfied with the explanation I gave him. Shortly afterwards, this action was cited In 'An toglach' as a splendid example of initiative and, as far as I know, this was the first occasion on which British military had been fired on since the Insurrection. Following this incident the policy of the I.R.A. was extended so as to include attacks on armed soldiers in addition to police and enemy agents. SWOOP ON ENEMY AGENTS ON 21st NOVEMBER I was instructed by the Deputy Director of Intelligence to contact a girl who had reported to a Volunteer about some strange residents who were occupying the block of flats in

21 19. which she was a maid. I met her in this Volunteer's home over a shop in Talbot St. I think his name was Byrne. I questioned the girl, whose name was Maudie. She described the routine of the residents of the flats, and it would seem from her account that they followed no regular occupation but did a lot of office work in their flats. I arranged with her to bring me the contents of the waste-paper baskets. When these wore examined we found torn up documents which referred to the movements of wanted Volunteers, and also photographs of wanted men. The D.I. and G.H.Q. staff then decided, in the light of Intelligence reports supplied, that the only certain method of dealing with these enemy agents was by surprise and general attack, rather than by picking them off individually. I last met Maudie on the Saturday evening, 20th November 1920, at our rendezvous, and she told me that all her "boarders" were at home, with the exception of two who were changing their residence that night to Upper Mount Srreet. I duly reported to the Brigade Headquarters and told Dick McKee of the change of address of two of them and he had already briefed all the squads for action on the following morning. However, he made up a patch unit to attend to the officers in Upper Mount Street. On the Saturday night I stopped as usual in the "dugout" where we used to stay while on the run. This was located in the unoccupied portion of Summerhill Dispensary, and we gave accommodation for the night to several other Volunteers who were going into action in the morning. Before curfew that night, I left the Brigade office in the Plaza in Gardiner's Row and proceeded to Harcourt St. to meet the officer who would accompany me to 28 and 29 Upper Pembroke St. on the following morning. It was thus that I met Paddy

22 20. Flanagan of the 3rd Battalion, and we fixed a rendezvous for the morning. When I arrived at Upper Pembroke St. on the Sunday morning, I met Flanagan and a few other Volunteers. I explained to Flanagan that we had no keys for the hall doors in order to gain admission, so we went over our arrangements. Fortunately, at the zero hour of 9 a.m., the hall door was open and the porter was shaking mats on the steps. There were separate staircases in this double house and a party proceeded up either staircase to the rooms already indicated. I accompanied Flanagan and two other Volunteers to a room at the top of the house occupied by two officers, one of these being Lieut. Dowling. We knocked at the door and pushed it open. The two officers were awake in bed. They were told to stand up and were then shot. I told Flanagan that I wanted to search the room and he said: "Search be damned! Get out of here". We proceeded down the staircase to the hallway, where a number of other officers had been rounded up from their rooms and were lined up against the side of the staircase that led in the direction of the basement. Our reaching this level was the signal for a volley. In all there were six or seven agents in residence at this address, all holding British military commissions. All of them were shot, but a few survived their wounds. All the papers that were captured that morning were b brought to Mrs. Byrne's house in North Richmond St. and were later conveyed by me to our office in Crow Street. Although instructions were issued for about twenty different operations on the Sunday morning, several were not carried out. Later on, reports were supplied by our officers,

23 21. and these were examined and filed in the Intelligence Office. In some instances the excuses put forward for the non-carrying out of instructions were not considered very satisfactory; in particular, those received from the Commandant of the 1st Battalion regarding two addresses they should have visited on the North Circular Road, adjacent to the Phoenix Park. The effect of this swoop was very marked, inasmuch as Detective McNamara told me that scenes never before witnessed took place in the Castle. Cabs, sidecars and all modes of conveyance brought people into the Castle who had been operating surreptitiously against the I.R.A.; they wore driven in there by their consciences in order to secure protection. In this manner, the efficiency and the effectiveness of the British Secret Service in Ireland was brought to a standstill. THE IGOE SQUAD. Towards the end of 1920 a young Irish Volunteer officer by the name of Howlett, who had arrived at Broadstone railway station from the West, was waylaid and shot dead by men dressed in civilian clothes. It was inferred by the Castle authorities that this shooting was done by Sinn Fein elements. In our investigations which followed, the name Igoe was mentioned for the first time in our Intelligence Office and inquiries were set afoot to identify him, as he and some of his associates had shot Howlett. A report was received to the effect that several country members of the R.I.C. were living in the Depot, Phoenix Park, and were moving around the city in civilian clothes.

24 22. We had no lead to begin inquiries until I was instructed to interview a lady who ran a tea-room and was a member of Cumann na mban. I made the acquaintance of this lady, Miss Maire Gleeson, the proprietress of the West End Cafe, Parkgate St. This as located adjacent to the main entrance to Phoenix Park, and was a small shop with a tea-rooms attached. Miss Gleeson informed me that amongst her patrons were several plain-clothes R.I.C. men who dropped in shortly beforeore curfew for a light supper fairly frequently. She said they were living in the Depot. From. further investigations it was clear that Head Constable Igoe and other members of his party were the diners mentioned by Miss Gleeson. I duly reported the facts and the Director of Intelligence had active inquiries made through Brigade Intelligence Officers throughout the country as to the absence from their home stations of the constabulary who were engaged on political work. In retrospect it would appear that some - probably about a dozen - members of the R.I.C. who had become obnoxious in their own areas, through their zeal in tracking down Volunteers, had been transferred to the Depot for special work, and were acting under the instructions of Head Constable Igoe. These men were ideally situated to carry out the task allotted to them, which was evidently the tracking down of country Volunteers visiting the city, and summarily shooting them. In other respects they were invaluable to General Tudor, the officer commanding the Auxiliary Division of the R.I.C., and to the headquarters staff who were dealing with political information from the country, inasmuch as thei services were available for identification purposes in connection with reports reaching the Depot from the country. As time passed, inter-communication between Dublin and the

25 23. Provinces through the official channels became more hazardous, and the advantage of having men on the spot with a knowledge of their respective local situations was a great asset to the Crown forces. I met Miss Gleeson several times, but the information obtained was insufficient for an ambush to be arranged. Although efforts were made many times in this connection, the movements of these men were so erratic that no results could be obtained. In January 1921, the Director of Intelligence had transferred to Dublin a Volunteer by the name of Thomas Newell (also known as Sweeney Newell) who knew Igoe personally, and Newell was attached to our Department in an external capacity. About this time Igoe and his squad had adopted a technique of moving as a patrol through the streets of Dublin in a formation that was not noticeable to the pedestrians, and if they came across any country Volunteers in their strolls they either arrested them or beat them up and then arrested them. Needless to remark, as street activities became more general, this became a menace patrol to the Dublin Volunteers who were moving around the streets carrying out ambushes or other jobs. On a weekday in January, Newell rushed in to our office in Crow St. at about eleven o'clock in the morning and stated that he had seen Igoe and his party proceeding up Grafton St. in the direction of St. Stephen's Green. I immediately accompanied Newell, and, simultaneously, instructions were sent to the squad, who were "standing by" in the headquarters in Upper Abbey St., to assemble at St. Stephen's Green and await instructions from me.

26 24. As Igoe had been in the habit of visiting railway stations, I assumed that he was Heading for Harcourt Street station and that should this be so we could manoeuvre our squad into action positions on St. Stephen's Green, West, to ambush Igoe's party on their return journey. Newell and I proceeded to Grafton St. by the shortest route, and when we had almost reached Weir's jewellery stores in Grafton Street, I noticed that we had been passed by some men, who, I instinctively recognised as Igoe's party, altho' Newell had not had time to confirm this. When they had passed us out, they wheeled on us, and at close range said: "Don't move", which we did not, as we were unarmed. This manoeuvre took place with pedestrians passing by, unaware of anything unusual taking place. Without much delay, we wore told to keep walking, and a surrounding formation of Igoe's squad kept pace with us as well as accompanying us. We walked, as directed, up Suffolk St. and down Trinity St. until we came to a building in Dame St. (No. 38) which was an insurance office, where we were directed to stand against the wall. Newell was kept several paces away from me, and we were surrounded by a bodyguard on either side. I should mention that Newell was dressed in typical country fashion. He was wearing a cap and greatcoat, and was easily identifiable as a man from the country. Igoe, whom I had identified from his description, first questioned Newell and later questioned me, but neither of us could hear the other's answers. While in this predicament, I saw Vincent Byrne and other members of the squad cutting across Dame St. and going through Hely's Arch, on their way to St. Stephen's Green to

27 25. the rendezvous. They evidently thought that I was engaged in conversation with some friends, as they made no effort to approach us. In reply to the questions put to me, I gave my correct name and address. I stated that I was a believer in Home Rule and that my father was a J.P. and did not agree with the Sinn Fein policy. Newell endeavoured to bluff also, and we were asked how we came to know one another. I stated that he was s stranger I had met on the street who had got into conversation with me and that I was directing him somewhere or other. I failed to realise at the time that Igoe was aware of Newell's position in the Galway Volunteers and knew him quite well. Under the interrogation Newell lost his temper and told Igoe that he knew who he was, just as well as Igoe knew him. His outburst ended any further questioning. I was told to walk on and not look back. I walked on in the direction of Trinity St., knowing from the footsteps behind me that I was under cover by some of Igoe's men. I moved fairly slowly at first, not being physically able to go any faster. I moved through Trinity St., Suffolk St. and into Wicklow St., gaining a few yards on each bend and keeping civilians, as far as possible, in the line of fire between myself and my pursuers. When I turned the corner of Wicklow St. I made a dash of about thirty or forty yards and entered a building whore my father had his commercial offices. I went up the two flights of stairs into his office and was practically in a state of collapse on reaching it. My father's typist was in the office, but I did not speak to her as I expected to hear the sound of steps on the stairs any second. After about five

28 26. minutes, as nothing happened, I asked her to put on her hat and coat and accompany me, which she did. We walked out from the office and cut up Clarendon St. as far as St. Stephen's Green, where I parted with my pilot and located the squad. Having told Torn Keogh what happened, I got hold of a gun and we all returned to Dame St. in the hope of overtaking some of Igoe's party. We searched several, streets in the area without coming across them. We as auras d that they must have entered the Castle, as they were nowhere to be seen. Our surmise proved to be somewhat correct. Although Newell was not brought into the Castle, some of Igoe's men wont in arid secured motor cars. Newell was brought - I think he was walked - to Greek St. adjacent to the Bridewell, where he was riddled and thrown into a car and driven to King George V Hospital. His wounds did not prove fatal, however, but before receiving medical aid his legs, which had been broken by bullets, were twisted in an effort to get information from him. He was detained in custody, and was one of the first prisoners claimed by Michael Collins on the signing Of the Treaty. Subsequently, an all-out effort was made, not alone by the Active Service Unit, but by all units that were available in the Dublin Brigade, to shoot Igoe and his party. Many abortive attempts were made, without the desired effect. Possihly Igoe became more cautious, because they used Ford cars for their excursions between the Depot and the Castle, end did not move around on foot except on very rare occasions. The personnel of Igoe's party was never fully establised, beyond the fact that it contained members from the different "hot spots" in the country. They were all Irishmen who had considerable service in the R.I.C., with the exception of a scotsman who was known as Jock. He may

29 27. have become associated through his membership of the Black and Tans. Due to the fact that he had committed some crime, they did not want him to appear in police uniform. Igoe's party were effective in their duties, and picked up a number of Volunteers, many of whom, fortunately, were imprisoned. This party became one of the most difficult arid dangerous forces opposed to the I.R.A. in Dublin. VINCEIT F0UVARG MD BRIGADE ITLIGENCE. Later on, the Brigade Intelligence Service was organised by the appointment of an Intelligence Officer to each Company in the Brigade. These, in turn, operated through a Battalion Intelligence Officer, who then reported to the Brigade Intelligence Officer. None of these men mine whole time on the Intelligence Staff, and only operated on Intelligence as port of their Volunteer duties. The first Brigade I.0. was Peter Ennis. 1st Battalion I.O. - Tom Walsh, 2nd Battalion I rd Battalion I.0. 4th Battalion I.0. - Vincent Fouvarge. During the course of a Crown forces raid, Fouvarge was arrested. He wee questioned and released. It would appear that while in captivity he divulged information regarding his I.R.A. duties and associations. Fouvarge left Dublin for London end was shot on a golf course by Sam Maguire or Me men, on the instructions of the Director of Intelligence. Arising out of that incident, Peter Ennis was arrested by Captain Hardy and company and received inhuman treatment in the Castle, all his teeth being kicked out. It was believed tht there was a connection between Ennis's arrest and Fouvarge's information.

30 28. ATTEMPTED LARGE-SCALE AMBUSH OF "F" COY., AUXILIARIES. A large party of specially picked Volunteers from the 2nd Battalion, under Sean Russell and Torn Ennis, took up positions one night on the Great Northern railway bridge which runs across Seville Place. I was in the party and there was a Volunteer from "E" Company, 2nd Battalion, who worked in the shipyards, and he had invented a super bomb. This was constructed with a large outer case containing rivets, and must have weighed several stone. The intention was to drop this bomb from the bridge into the street at the opportune moment. The plan of operation was that my colleague, Tom Cullen, Assistant D.I., would ring Dublin Castle from a house in Seville place, and inform them that the Battalion headquarters was full of Volunteers. The house selected to telephone from was that of a Unionist, adjacent to 100 Seville Place, which was Battalion Headquarters. It was assumed that on receipt of the message by Dublin Castle authorities, they would send several tenders of Auxiliaries to raid the hall. Although in position for almost an hour, no raid was made by the authorities on the hall, but a convoy of Auxiliaries with armoured cars passed along Amiens St. from the Castle and proceeded out to Killester, where they raided Furry Park, the residence of a friend of Michael Collins. From inquiries made later, an unconfirmed report stated that the Castle authorities 'phoned the nearest D.M.P. Bks. and instructed, them to send a D.M.P. man to find out if the building was occupied, and that when he arrived he found it in total darkness and no sign of life within. On the other hand, it may have been that all their available forces were already detailed for the raid which was carried out at Killester about the same hour.

31 29. SECRET MEETINGS OF DÁIL ÉIREANN. One such meeting was convened and held at Alderman Cole's house in Mountjoy Square, at which, I believe, important decisions were made regarding the progress of the war. Only those members who were not in jail or interned attended and, as most of these were Volunteer officers, and more particularly, because Michael Collins, Cathal Brugha and Dick McKee were attending, myself and a few other members of the Intelligence Department performed security guard duties at the house to deal with any attempted raid by Crown forces. On another occasion we took up similar protective duty outside the residence of Professor O'Rahilly in Herbert Park where Michael Collins and members of the headquarters staff of the I.R.A. were meeting de Valera after his return from America. CAPTURE OF ARMOURED CAR. In late April 1921 I was instructed one evening by the Assistant Director of Intelligence to report to the Plaza Hotel in Gardiner's Row. This building was being used as the offices of a Trade Union body, and one of the offices was now our brigade headquarters. Then I walked into the room I several staff officers assembled. Among them was the Director of Intelligence, Michael Collins I knew Michael by sight, but this was the first occasion on which I met him face to face. He was sitting at a table, and he gave me a friendly nod when I reported to him. I felt very Important to be in such company, but at the same time the presence of Michael completely overawed me. I was very vexed with myself not to be able to be at my ease, as I was most anxious to make a good impression.