1 P a g e M O T W S e m e s t e r 5 L e s s o n 6 T h e T r i b u l a t i o n
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1 1 P a g e M O T W S e m e s t e r 5 L e s s o n 6 T h e T r i b u l a t i o n I. Definition and Terms A. Defined: 1. Definition of Tribulation: 2. Duration: Daniel 9:24 B. Terms 1. Distinction in Terms a. Within eschatology (the study of future things), the Tribulation refers to the full seven-year period while the Great Tribulation refers to the second half of the Tribulation. The Great Tribulation is the last half of the Tribulation period, three and onhalf years in length. It is distinguished from the Tribulation period because the Beast, or Antichrist, will be revealed, and the wrath of God will greatly intensify during this time. Thus, it is important at this point to emphasize that the Tribulation and the Great Tribulation are not synonymous terms. Matthew 24:21 Matthew 24:29 Mark 13:19 Mark 13:24 Revelation 7:14
2 2 P a g e M O T W S e m e s t e r 5 L e s s o n 6 T h e T r i b u l a t i o n b. - Posttribulationists suggest the Tribulation is a time of Satan s wrath, not God s. The emphasis of Scripture, however, is that the entire Tribulation is a time of God s wrath poured out in judgment upon an unbelieving world 85 (Isa. 24:1; 26:21; Zeph. 1:18; Rev. 6:16 17; 11:18; 16:19; 19:1 2, etc.) Other Designations in Scripture: a. The human perspective: Is. 26:16-17; Matt Jer. 30:7; Dan. 12:1 - Zeph. 1:15 - Joel 2:2; Zeph. 1:15 - b. The divine perspective: Ezek. 30:3; Zeph. 1:7;, 14; Zech 14:1 - Day of the Is. 34:8; 35:4; 61:2; 63:4 - Day of Is. 24: Day of 1Th 5:3 - Day of Rev. 14:7; 16:5; 19:2 - Day of Zeph. 2:2-3 - Day of the Zeph. 1:15, 18 - Day of Wrath or the C. Purpose: 1. Zechariah 12:10 Revelation 7:4-8; 14: Ibid., pp Enns, P. P. (1989). The Moody handbook of theology (p. 392). Chicago, IL: Moody Press.
3 3 P a g e M O T W S e m e s t e r 5 L e s s o n 6 T h e T r i b u l a t i o n 2. Isaiah 26:21 Jeremiah 25: Thessalonians 2:11 12 Revelation 6: To take back the earth from the usurper. John 12:31 Ephesians 2:2 1 John 5:19 II. Designations in Scripture: A. Daniel 9:24-17 Questions that must be addressed regarding this prophesy: 1. What is the of time indicated by the Weeks of this Prophecy? a. To the English reader the phrase seven weeks always means a. The text of Scripture literally says seventy sevens are determined. What these sevens are must be determined from the and from other. The Jews according the Scripture had two understandings of Seven in relation to the Jewish Calendar. They had a seven as well as a seven The Biblical week of years was just as to the Jew as the week of days.
4 4 P a g e M O T W S e m e s t e r 5 L e s s o n 6 T h e T r i b u l a t i o n b. Reasons for that the Seventy Sevens of Daniel s prophecy refer to this well-known seven of years. (Harold Hoehner Chronological Aspects of the Life of Christ) The prophet Daniel had been thinking not only in terms of years rather than days, but also in a definite of sevens (10 x 7) of years (Dan. 9:1-2). Cf. Jer. 25:11; 29:11 Daniel 9:2 This period of 70 years was base in the number of years that Judah did not observe. (cf. Lev. 26:34, 35; 2 Chr. 36:21) Since according to 2 Chron 36:20-21 the Jews had been removed from off the land in order that it might rest for seventy years, it should be evident that the Sabbatic year had been violated for 490 years, or exactly seventy sevens of years. 2 Chronicles 36:20 21
5 5 P a g e M O T W S e m e s t e r 5 L e s s o n 6 T h e T r i b u l a t i o n Outside the prophecy of the Seventy Weeks, the Hebrew word / is found only in one other passage of the book (Dan. 10:2-3), where the prophet states that he mourned and fasted three full weeks. Now, here it is perfectly obvious that the context demands weeks of days, for Daniel would hardly have fasted twenty-one years! And significantly, the Hebrew here reads literally Now, if in the ninth chapter, the writer intended us to understand that the Seventy Sevens are composed of days, why did he not use the same form of expressions adopted in chapter 10? 2. If these Weeks are composed of years, what is the of the year? The Jewish Calendar was based on the Solar Calendar of in a year. Scriptural Evidence: Revelation 13:4-7 Revelation 12:13-14 Revelation 12:6 3. When did the whole of the Seventy Weeks begin? There are several decrees made in Scripture concerning the Jews and rebuilding Jerusalem. a. The first, Decree of 538 B.C is impossible the 483 years runs out before Christ. b. The second, Decree of 458 B.C has little or nothing to say about rebuilding the city. c. The third, Decree of 444 B.C. is the prevalent view among premillennialists.
6 6 P a g e M O T W S e m e s t e r 5 L e s s o n 6 T h e T r i b u l a t i o n 4. What does the seven weeks and sixty-two weeks refer to and what happens at their? The indication here is that the seven weeks which is 49 years refers the of Jerusalem. Renald Showers writes: Gabriel divided the sixty-nine sevens of years into two periods: seven sevens [49 years] and sixtytwo sevens [483 years]. Many scholars are convinced that he did this to indicate that it would take forty-nine years after the decree in 445 BC to complete the rebuilding of Jerusalem. 17 It took that long because the Jews met much opposition to their rebuilding activity [Neh. 4; 6:1 7:4]. Thus, the city and its defenses were rebuilt in times of distress just as was foretold by Gabriel. 2 What event happened at the end of these 69 weeks? Verse 26 Research led Sir Robert Anderson to conclude that Artaxerxes issued his decree to Nehemiah on March 14, 445bc. 20 Beginning with that date, the 173,880 days end on April 6, 32 ad. 21 Thus, the 483 years ended on April 6, 32 ad. 3 He concludes that Christ came in to Jerusalem on April 6:32 AD which does not work as Christ was Crucified in 33 AD. Harold Hoehner remarks Anderson s calculations include some problems. First, in the light of new evidence since Anderson s day, the 445 B.C. date is not acceptable for Artaxerxes twentieth year; instead the decree was given in Nisan, 444 B.C. Second, the A.D. 32 date for the crucifixion is untenable. 17 Young, The Prophecy of Daniel, p Showers, R. E. (1982). The most high God: Commentary on the book of Daniel. Bellmawr, NJ: Friends of Israel Gospel Ministry, Inc. 20 Sir Robert Anderson, The Coming Prince (Grand Rapids: Kregel Publications, 1954), p. 122, Ibid., p For a thorough explanation of the computations involved, see Anderson, The Coming Prince, or Alva J. Mc Clain, Daniel s Prophecy of the Seventy Weeks (Grand Rapids: Zondervan Publishing House, 1978). 3 Showers, R. E. (1982). The most high God: Commentary on the book of Daniel. Bellmawr, NJ: Friends of Israel Gospel Ministry, Inc.
7 7 P a g e M O T W S e m e s t e r 5 L e s s o n 6 T h e T r i b u l a t i o n Hoehner proposes the following: Using the 360-day year the calculation would be as follows. Multiplying the sixty-nine weeks by seven years for each week by 360 days gives a total of 173,880 days. The difference between 444 B.C. and A.D. 33, then, is 476 solar years. By multiplying 476 by or by 365 days, 5 hours, 48 minutes, seconds, one comes to 173, days or 173,855 days, 6 hours, 52 minutes, 44 seconds. This leaves only 25 days to be accounted for between 444 B.C. and A.D. 33. By adding the 25 days to March 5 (of 444 B.C.), one comes to March 30 (of A.D. 33) which was Nisan 10 in A.D. 33. This is the triumphal entry of Jesus into Jerusalem What does the Seventieth Week refer to and why is it from the Sixty-Nine Weeks? Daniel 9:27 Two basic views i. A 70 week, or 490 years. ii. The Theory Reasons: (Alva McClain) a. Such a gap in time before the Seventieth Week is by the most natural reading of the prophecy. b. The of the tremendous events in verse 24 cannot be found anywhere in known history. 4 Hoehner, Harold W.; Hoehner, Harold W.. Chronological Aspects of the Life of Christ (Kindle Locations ). Zondervan. Kindle Edition.
8 8 P a g e M O T W S e m e s t e r 5 L e s s o n 6 T h e T r i b u l a t i o n c. The of the Lord who shows that the Seventieth Week is still future. Matthew 24:15 Matthew 24:21 Matthew 24: d. It is not uncommon for prophecies to contain of time between fulfillments. Isaiah 9:6 Zechariah 9:9 10 B. The Matthew 24 In Matthew 24: 4 14, the Lord surveys the entire seven-year tribulation. In verse 8, Jesus uses the term labor pains (Gk. ōdin), a term frequently used for the future day of the Lord. This supports the interpretation that beginning at 24:4 Daniel s Seventieth Week is the central concern of Jesus message. In 1 Thessalonians 5 Paul also used the same Greek word, labor pains (ōdin), to describe the future day of the Lord. All Pretribulationists insist that the first, second, third, and fourth seal judgments of Revelation (Rev. 6: 3 8) clearly depict the first half of the tribulation and parallel the judgments in Matthew 24: 5 8.
9 9 P a g e M O T W S e m e s t e r 5 L e s s o n 6 T h e T r i b u l a t i o n C. The Book of Chapters 1-3 Chapters 4 Chapters 5-19 Chapter 20 Chapters III. Details of the Tribulation Revelation 5-19 A. Key Figures 1. The Revelation 13: Revelation 13:1-2 1 And the dragon stood on the sand of the seashore. Then I saw a beast coming up out of the sea, having ten horns and seven heads, and on his horns were ten diadems, and on his heads were blasphemous names. 2 And the beast which I saw was like a leopard, and his feet were like those of a bear, and his mouth like the mouth of a lion. And the dragon gave him his power and his throne and great authority. 1 John 2:18 - Dan. 7:8, Dan. 8: Dan. 9: Dan. 11: Th. 2: The Revelation 13:11-18 Rev. 13:15-18 Other References Rev. 19:20; 20:10
10 10 P a g e M O T W S e m e s t e r 5 L e s s o n 6 T h e T r i b u l a t i o n 3. The Rev. 12, 13 Dragon = the vicious one who destroys; Referenced 13 Times: Rev. 12:3,4,7,9,13,16,17; 13:1, 2,4,13; 20:2 Revelation 12:9; 20:2 - = slanderer - = adversary - = identified with the fall 4. The Rev. 7:1-8; 14:1-5 Rev. 7:4 Rev. 7:3 - Rev. 7:4 5. The Rev. 11:1-13 Rev. 11:5-6 Rev. 11:8 Rev. 11:3 Rev. 11:7 B. Judgments of the Tribulation Revelation The Seal Judgments
11 11 P a g e M O T W S e m e s t e r 5 L e s s o n 6 T h e T r i b u l a t i o n a. First Seal - Rev. 6:1-2 Cf. Matt. 24:4-5 b. Second Seal Rev. 6:3-4 Cf. Matt. 24:6-7 Red Horse The rider is A great sword was given him to c. Third Seal Rev. 6:5-6 Cf. Matt. 24:7 Black Horse The horse s color is black - Cf. Lam. 4:8-9; 5:10). Scales
12 12 P a g e M O T W S e m e s t e r 5 L e s s o n 6 T h e T r i b u l a t i o n d. Fourth Seal Rev. 6:7-8 Cf. Matt. 24:7 Pale Horse The Greek chlōros (from which we get our word chlorine ) means yellowish green (BAGD), a curious colour for a horse. We should probably understand it to mean the colour of a corpse. While each of the preceding riders had an emblem (a bow, a sword, scales), Death needs no such sign. 5 Leon Morris e. Fifth Seal Rev. 6:9-11 Cf. Matt. 24:9 Martyrs Slain - Alter f. Sixth Seal Rev. 6:12-17 Cf. Matt. 24:29 BAGD William F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich (eds.), A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature (trans, of W. Bauer, Griechisch-Deutsches Wörterbuch); second ed. rev. and augmented by F. Wilbur Gingrich and Frederick W. Danker (University of Chicago Press, 1979). 5 Morris, L. (1987). Revelation: an introduction and commentary (Vol. 20, p. 107). Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press.
13 13 P a g e M O T W S e m e s t e r 5 L e s s o n 6 T h e T r i b u l a t i o n Interlude - Revelation chapter 7:1-17 Tribulation Saints. g. Seventh Seal Rev 8:1-6 Cf. Matt 24:37ff 2. The Trumpet Judgments Each of the seven trumpets unleashes a specific judgment of greater intensity than the first six seals, yet not as destructive as the seven bowls (16:1 21). The first four trumpets destroy the earth s ecology (8:6 12), the next two produce demonic destruction of humanity (8:13; 9:1 11, 13 19), and the seventh trumpet introduces the final outpouring of God s wrath contained in the seven bowl judgments. MacArthur a. First Trumpet Rev. 8:7 b. Second Trumpet - Rev. 8:8-9 Mountain of Fire thrown to earth
14 14 P a g e M O T W S e m e s t e r 5 L e s s o n 6 T h e T r i b u l a t i o n e. Third Trumpet - Rev. 8:8-11 d. Fourth Trumpet Rev. 8:12-13 e. Fifth Trumpet Rev. 9:1-12 Woe #1: f. Sixth Trumpet Rev. 9:13-21 Woe #2: Interlude Rev. 10:1-11:14 Before the seventh trumpet sounds there will be an interlude, which stretches from Revelation 10:1 to 11:14, allowing John to pause and assimilate the startling truths that have just been revealed to him. The interlude between the sixth and seventh trumpets parallels similar interludes in the seal and bowl judgments. These interludes encourage God s people in the midst of the fury and horror of divine judgment. During the interludes God comforts His people with the knowledge that He has not forgotten them, and that they will ultimately be victorious. MacArthur 6 6 MacArthur, John F.. Because the Time is Near: John MacArthur Explains the Book of Revelation (p. 171). Moody Publishers. Kindle Edition.
15 15 P a g e M O T W S e m e s t e r 5 L e s s o n 6 T h e T r i b u l a t i o n g. Seventh Trumpet Rev. 11:15-19; 15:5-8; 16:1 3. The Bowl Judgments a. First Bowl Rev. 15:1-16:21 b. Second Bowl Rev. 16:3 c. Third Bowl Rev. 16:3
16 16 P a g e M O T W S e m e s t e r 5 L e s s o n 6 T h e T r i b u l a t i o n d. Fourth Bowl Rev. 16:8-9 e. Fifth Bowl Rev. 16:10-11 f. Sixth Bowl Rev. 16:12-16 g. Seventh Bowl Rev. 16:17-21 Revelation Revelation 19 Revelation 20
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