The Cosmopolitan Middle East, BCE

Transcription

1 Chapter 2: The Mediterranean and Middle East, BCE Why are ancient people s historically inaccurate stories important? Ancient Carthage occupied present day What transition begins in 1000 BCE: Benefits of Iron over Bronze: The Cosmopolitan Middle East, BCE What happened in the year 1700 BCE? Use map 1 for these Large States established in BCE Name and describe the two divisions of Mesopotamia in 1500 BCE: Southern: Describe dynamic peripheral Mesopotamian States: Northern: What was the language of business for the various empires? How did the Syrian city of Ugarit modify cuneiform? What changed for the small fractious city states of Mesopotamia as they entered the 2nd millennium BCE? New Kingdom Egypt Provide the date and significance of the Hyksos: Who do historians think the Hyksos were: Groundbreaking Hyksos technology: Describe the relations between the Egyptians and Hyksos? Did the Hyksos consider themselves foreign? What event inaugurated the New Kingdom? How did Hyksos occupation change Egyptian foreign policy? What did Egypt gain?

2 Queen Hatshepsut ruled from: Evidence that women were not fully accepted as equals? Who ruled from BCE, and what is the significance of his name? What changes did he attempt and why? What evidence exists of Akhenaten s failure? What is king Tut famous for? What dynasty is seen as restoring Egypt s pride? Commerce and Communication Why did Ramesses II fight the Hittites? The outcome? What single good generated all long-distance trade? What technology expedited trade? When did it arrive in Mesopotamia? Side-effects of this new technology? Egypt? The Aegean World, BCE Where is the Aegean Sea? People groups who lived there? Minoan Crete What factors necessitated Aegean commercial strength? Emerged in the year: Named after: First European civilization to: What cultures influenced the Cretans society? Ethnicity and writing: What seems to be lacking from Cretan society in comparison to other ancient kingdoms?

3 What does Cretan artwork tell us about their religious beliefs? What happened to the Cretans? How do historians trace the ancestry of the Greek people? Mycenaean Greece Life before 1600 BCE? After 1600 BCE? What was borrowed from the Minoans? Where did this info come from? Where did the term Mycenaean come from? What commonalities exist between all Mycenaean excavated sites? How do archeologists identify social strata This led to what mythology? What responsibilities did the government have in the economy? Describe Minoan sea tech Who established the trade routs? The Fall of Late Bronze Age Civilizations What two events foreshadow the fall of the Hittites? Changes in 1200 BCE: Hittites: Syria: What did the Egyptians call the foreign invaders? Egypt: Mycenaeans: What factors likely led to everyone s collective demise? The Assyrian Empire, BCE

4 Neo-Assyrian Empire Date: What was new about this type of empire?` Geography: What drove the Neo-Assyrian Empire towards conquest: God and King What belongs to the Assyrian King? Their central religious city was: What was seen as proof for the god Ashur s superiority? What word does the book use to describe their public art? Conquest and Control King who created a professional militia: Size of the army: How did the Assyrians prevent dissent? Examples: How many were forcibly deported? What did the core require of the periphery? Assyrian Society and Culture What bound the elite and professional class to the king? Did Assyrians have relative equality? Explain: Assyrian Medium of Exchange: Who/when was Ashurbanipal? Significance? Israel, BCE Two Interconnected Dramas

5 List of different names used for the region (left) and people groups (right:: What is Israel s geographical significance? Origins, Exodus, and Settlement Two major sources of info on Israel: When was the Hebrew Bible written from oral history? In what year was the version used today written? What languages is it written in? What historical purpose does the Hebrew Bible serve? What is the story (and date) of Abraham? What major tension is evident in the Hebrew Bible, and likely mirrored historical events? Examples: According to the Hebrew Bible, how did the Israelites end up in Egypt? Three major historical points about this biblical account: Who was Moses and what did he allegedly do? The Hebrew god was called: What was the covenant? What historical evidence exists that proves Moses and Joshua might have existed: How was Israel divided and administered? What were elites called, and how did one become an elite? Rise of the Monarchy

6 Describe the contributions to Israelite history and mythology of the following people Samson: David Samuel Saul: Is this part of the Bible accurate? Why did Israeli society begin to splinter? King David ruled from: David s son Solomon ruled from: Significance of the First Temple? David s Accomplishments: What was life like for Women in Israel? Fragmentation and Dispersal What caused the fragmentation of Israel? Northern Kingdom name and capital: Southern Kingdom name and capital: Final formulation of monotheism? What happened in 721 BCE? Who replaced the people of the Northern Kingdom of Israel? How did Judah interact with the Neo- Assyrians? What empire replaced the Neo-Assyrians? Dates? What did King Nebuchadnezzar do to Judah? Define Diaspora: Why didn t the Israelites wish to return home? Phoenicia and the Mediterranean, BCE What did the Greeks call them? What did they call themselves?

7 Define Phoenician (use the footnote in the text): Phoenicia and the Mediterranean, BCE Major Phoenician city-states: 4. Exports: Writing System: Greeks added... What deal did King Hiram make with King Solomon? What was exchanged and what were the effects? Pros/Cons of Tyre as a major Phoenician center: Population: Gods Phoenicia in the 9th, 7th, and 6th century BCE: How did they maintain autonomy? Expansion into the Mediterranean After 900 BCE... By 700 BCE... What major hub did Phoenicians control? What unique motivations for conquest possessed the Phoenicians: In 701 BCE... Carthage s Commercial Empire Why do historians know more about Carthage than the Phoenician mainland? Founded in... What modern day country/city?

8 Population of... Describe the three branches of Carthage s government How did their societal structure lead to greater cohesion amongst diverse peoples? What institution was central to Carthaginian power? Describe them. Foreign Policy goals? War and Religion The only peripheral region to be placed under direct Carthaginian rule: Why didn t Carthage have, or need, a large military? Why? What is unique about how Carthage waged war? Two main gods In times of crisis... How did Plutarch describe Carthage? Should he be believed? Failure snd Transformation, BCE What conditions eroded Assyrian strength by 650 BCE? Who groups began challenging Assyrica: