Do Now. Read The First Written Records and complete questions 1-6 when you are finished Use reading strategies you are familiar with

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1 Do Now Read The First Written Records and complete questions 1-6 when you are finished **Use reading strategies you are familiar with**

2 Early River Valley Civilizations Complete the Early River Valley Civilizations as a class on the map provided using 4 different colored pencils Create a key when you are finished

3 Timeline Review the timeline with your partner Using the map and the timeline as resources complete the questions below: 1. Which civilization was the first to form? 2. Why do you think the first civilizations developed where they did?

4 SWBAT Explain features of Sumer and the civilization s contributions

5 Mesopotamia

7 Mesopotamia is Greek meaning, land between the rivers Present day Iraq

8 Geography Located in a larger region known as the Fertile Crescent between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers First settlers built small villages along the banks of the rivers where they flooded & had the most fertile soil to farm

were unpredictable in their flooding»people banded

9 Geography Flooding Tigris and Euphrates commonly flooded & wiped away settlements The two rivers were unpredictable in their flooding»people banded together to build canals & dikes»moved settlements uphill

10 Geography Sumer never developed into one single unified country, but the Sumerians were the first people to develop a civilization (3500 BC) Sumer was a collection of wide spread city-states: Uruk, Ur, Kish, Larsa, Lagash, Nippur, Akkad, Eridu United under Sargon the Great City-states warred over water & food

11 Geography Cities Sumerians had few natural resources had to build with clay & water = bricks

12 Government Sargon the Great The Legend His mother placed him in a reed basket and sent him down the Euphrates A farmer found him and raised him Became kings cupbearer (most trusted servant) Overthrew the king & united Sumerian city-states Established the Akkadian Empire (2300 BC)

13 Mesopotamia (continued)

14 Do Now Read The Epic of Gilgamesh (don t forget to read the intro, and I suggest you read it twice) Discuss questions 1-3 with your partner. Strategically highlight the text and jot responses at the bottom of the page

15 Government The Babylonians (2000 BC) The Babylonians were the next major empire to control Mesopotamia Babylon was the economic center of Mesopotamia, and Hammurabi becomes king Achievements Gate of Ishtar (Nebuchadnezzar) Number system based on 60 (hours/minutes/seconds) Figured out the solar year of 365 ¼ days

16 Gate of Ishtar

17 Social Classes: Very strict hierarchy Merchants, artisans & farmers King, priests, nobles & government officials Peasant Farmers, Slaves

18 Religion Polytheistic worshipped many gods Believed in the afterlife Gods & goddesses ruled natural elements on which the Sumerians depended on

19 Ziggurat Both religious & administrative temples, built to honor the gods

20 Religion Religion & politics were intertwined Kings were the chief priest & considered semidivine Center of activity revolved around the ziggurat Ziggurat step-like pyramids Education, trade, religious ceremonies, the mandating of laws City-states of Sumer shared deities, but each city-state worshipped a unique god

21 DBQ Practice On your own, examine, then complete the DBQ: Examining Primary Sources questions

22 Trade Along with farming Sumerian city-states became dependent on trade Began trade with people from Egypt & India Traded for raw materials: wood, stone & metals First wheeled vehicles?

23 Contributions Developed pictographs too complicated to create so they simplified it Cuneiform: (3200 BC) Simplified pictographs that represented sounds instead of objects - Wedge-shaped characters were pressed into clay tablets to keep records

25 Sumer- Middle East 5000s-2000s BCE Probable cause of demise: Invasion Pictured: U.S. Soldiers climb the steps of the Ziggurat of Ur, a Sumerian monument built during the Early Bronze Age (21st century BC).

26 Wrap Up Describe Sumer s contributions to civilization and how those contributions influenced other civilizations.

27 Code of Hammurabi SWBAT Evaluate evidence and explain what we can learn about Babylonia from Hammurabi s Code

28 Do Now How did cuneiform benefit Sumerian civilization?

29 Evaluation of Evidence We must evaluate all evidence To evaluate evidence, we ask: Why is a document useful? What are its limitations? What other information do we need?

30 Who was Hammurabi? Member of the Amorite dynasty King of Babylon from BCE United all of Mesopotamia under the Babylonian Empire Relief of Hammurabi and the god Shamash

31 Hammurabi s Code First written law code Laws for Babylonian society (300) Tool to unify expanding empire That the strong might not injure the weak Allowed everyone to know the rules

32 Most well known surviving copy of the code is an inscription on a stone slab called a stela 7 feet high, 2.5 feet wide Laws were written vertically from right to left

33 Loss and Unearthing

34 Central Historical Question: What can we learn about Babylonia from Hammurabi s Code?

35 Group Activity! Listen to reading of Document A as a model for how you should be reading closely to documents. Divide into groups. Read Documents A-C, one at a time, completing the Guiding Questions as you finish each document as a group.

36 Summary Complete the Summary page on your own This will be collected for a grade

37 A Mesopotamian Acrostic To review Mesopotamian civilizations, for each letter of MESOPOTAMIA, you will write, draw, and explain a piece of the civilization starting with that letter.

THE FERTILE CRESCENT Fertile Crescent = moon-shaped strip of land from the Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf that is excellent farmland

MESOPOTAMIA THE FERTILE CRESCENT Fertile Crescent = moon-shaped strip of land from the Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf that is excellent farmland Located in modern-day Middle East THE FERTILE CRESCENT