1. Esther A. Purpose. B. Time Frame. C. Characters. D. Authorship. E. Outline. F. Absence of God s Name? G. Festival of Purim

Transcription

1 Dr. Mike Fabarez Focal Point Radio Ministries November 9, 2017 Old Testament Survey week 8 Msg Esther A. Purpose B. Time Frame C. Characters D. Authorship E. Outline F. Absence of God s Name? G. Festival of Purim 2. Old Testament Poetry A. Extent of Poetry in the Old Testament B. Six Books of Poetry C. Classes of Hebrew Poetry D. The Nature of Hebrew Poetry

2 3. Job A. Historical Setting B. Author & Date of Writing C. Theological Concern D. Characters E. Outline 4. Psalms A. Authors B. Dates C. Sub-Collections D. Superscriptions E. General Types of Psalms

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4 Bible Main Key Chapter Book Concept Ch. Happenings 1 Genesis Beginnings 12 Abrahamic Covenant 2 Exodus Deliverance 12 First Passover in Egypt 3 Numbers Wanderings 14 Test of Faith at Kadesh 4 Joshua Conquest 6 Battle of Jericho 5 Judges Failure 2 Cycle of Sin Begins 6 1 Samuel Monarchy 8 Saul Becomes King

5 Bible Main Key Chapter Book Concept Ch. Happenings 7 2 Samuel David 7 Davidic Covenant 8 1 Kings Division 12 Israel Splits in Two 9 2 Kings Captivity 17 & 25 North & South Fall Taken to Babylon = Exile / Captivity 10 Ezra Temple 6 Temple Foundation Laid 11 Nehemiah Walls 6 Jerusalem Walls Rebuilt

6 1. Esther A. Purpose To Demonstrate God s Providential Protection To Encourage His People in the Exile To Show God s Faithfulness to His Promises B. Time Frame

7 1st Return 2nd Return 3rd Return Leader Zerubbabel Ezra Nehemiah Date Text Ezra 1 6 Ezra 7 10 Neh.1 13 Per. King Cyrus Esther Artaxerxes Artaxerxes Decree Temple to be Rebuilt Finances Provided Walls to be Rebuilt

8 1. Esther C. Characters Ahasuerus...Persian King (AKA Xerxes) Vashti...Deposed Persian Queen Esther...Jewish Orphan Made Queen Mordecai...Esther s Cousin & Guardian Haman...Persian Official & Jewish Adversary

9 1. Esther D. Authorship Unknown Traditionally: Mordecai Esther 9:20 And Mordecai recorded these things and sent letters to all the Jews who were in all the provinces of King Ahasuerus, both near and far

10 1. Esther E. Outline ch.1) Queen Vashti Removed ch.2) Esther Becomes Queen ch.3) Haman Plots to Kill Jews ch.4) Mordecai Prompts Esther to Intervene ch.5) Esther s Banquet to Appeal to Xerxes

11 1. Esther E. Outline ch.6) Mordecai Honored by Xerxes ch.7) Haman Hung by Xerxes ch.8) Jews Allowed to Defend Themselves ch.9) Celebration of Deliverance Instituted ch.10) Mordecai Installed as a National Official

12 1. Esther F. Absence of God s Name? Lesson is About Providence (God s Secret / Invisible Hand of Provision) Mordecai s Good Deed was Hidden Esther Hides Her Jewish Identity Haman Hides Those He Seeks to Destroy Mordecai Hides his Relation to Esther Esther Hides the Reason for her Banquets

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14 1. Esther G. Festival of Purim Purim (Heb.) = Lots Esther 9:24 For Haman the enemy of all the Jews, had plotted against the Jews to destroy them, and had cast Pur (that is, cast lots), to crush and to destroy them.

15 1. Esther G. Festival of Purim Fasting & Service on Adar 13 (Feb./Mar) Celebration on Adar 14 & Gragger used when Haman s Name is Read

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20 2. Old Testament Poetry A. Extent of Poetry in the OT B. Six Books of Poetry 1) Job...The Problem of Righteous Suffering 2) Psalms...Hymn Book of Israel 3) Proverbs...Wisdom to Live By 4) Ecclesiastes...Lessons of Godless Living 5) Song of Solomon...Gift of Marital Love 6) Lamentations...Profound Grief with Hope

21 2. Old Testament Poetry C. Classes of Hebrew Poetry 1) Lyrical Poetry To be Sung with Music 2) Didactic Poetry Lessons for the Mind 3) Prophetic Poetry Revelatory Declarations

22 2. Old Testament Poetry C. Classes of Hebrew Poetry 4) Grief Poetry Earnest Expressions of Sorrow 5) Dramatic Poetry Narration of Dialogue & Monologue

23 2. Old Testament Poetry D. The Nature of Hebrew Poetry Parallelism -- Logical Rhyming, Not Phonic Rhyming 1) Synonymous Parallelism Psalm 3:1 O LORD, how many are my foes! Many are rising against me;

24 2. Old Testament Poetry D. The Nature of Hebrew Poetry 2) Antithetic Parallelism Psalm 90:6 in the morning it flourishes and is renewed; in the evening it fades and withers.

25 2. Old Testament Poetry D. The Nature of Hebrew Poetry 3) Telescopic Parallelism Psalm 1:1 Blessed is the man who walks not in the counsel of the wicked, nor stands in the way of sinners, nor sits in the seat of scoffers;

26 2. Old Testament Poetry D. The Nature of Hebrew Poetry 4) Illustrative Parallelism Psalm 42:1 As a deer pants for flowing streams, so pants my soul for you, O God.

27 2. Old Testament Poetry D. The Nature of Hebrew Poetry 5) Acrostic Poems Psalm 119:1 ALEPH Blessed are those whose way is blameless, who walk in the law of the LORD!

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29 3. Job A. Historical Setting 1) Clues Job 42:16 17 And after this Job lived 140 years, and saw his sons, and his sons sons, four generations. And Job died, an old man, and full of days. a) Longevity of Job (200 to 300 years old)

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31 3. Job A. Historical Setting 1) Clues Job 1:5b he would rise early in the morning and offer burnt offerings according to the number of them all. For Job said, It may be that my children have sinned b) Patriarch as Priest (Prior to Moses)

32 3. Job A. Historical Setting 1) Clues Job 42:11 And they showed him sympathy and comforted him for all the evil that the LORD had brought upon him. And each of them gave him a piece of money [qasiytah] and a ring of gold. c) Very Ancient Monetary Unit (cf. Gen.33:19)

33 3. Job A. Historical Setting 2) Patriarchal Period (Genesis 10 40) B. Author & Date of Writing 1) Golden Age of Jewish Poetry 2) Grappling with Theological Questions 3) Tradition Attributes to Solomon c. 950 BC

34 3. Job C. Theological Concern Why Do the Righteous Suffer? -- Exceptions to the Retribution Principle Answers: -- God s Glory -- Spiritual Adversary -- God s Sovereignty (Rights Over Creation)

35 3. Job D. Characters Job...Righteous & Wealthy Man Job s Three Friends...Miserable Comforters -- Eliphaz / Zophar / Bildad Elihu...A Fourth Counselor -- Angered by the Three Friend s Counsel -- Not Rebuked in the Epilogue -- Reiterates Some of Eliphaz Argument

36 3. Job E. Outline 1) Job s Adversity (1 2) 2) Job s Lament (3) 3) Dialog with Job s Three Friends (4 31) 4) Elihu s Four Speeches (32 37) 5) God s Two Speeches (38 41) 6) Job s Repentance & Restoration (42)

37 4. Psalms A. Authors Anonymous...50 David...73 Asaph (David s Musician)...12 Sons of Korah...10 Solomon... 2 Moses... 1 Heman... 1 Ethan... 1

38 4. Psalms A. Authors Tradition: Compiler of the Psalms = Ezra B. Dates Earliest...Moses; Wanderings (1400s) Most...Unitied Kingdom ( ) Latest...Post-Exilic (500s)

39 4. Psalms C. Sub-Collections Book 1 (Psalms 1 41)...41 songs Book 2 (Psalms 42 72)...31 songs Book 3 (Psalms 73 89)...17 songs Book 4 (Psalms )...17 songs Book 5 (Psalms )...44 songs

40 4. Psalms D. Superscriptions Indicate Authorship Describe Circumstances Give the Occasion for Use Provide Musical Instructions Some Translations Provide them a Verse Number -- Including the Printed Hebrew Bibles

41 4. Psalms E. General Types of Psalms 1) Messianic Psalms Predictions About Christ Contemporary King Sometimes in View Also 2) Songs of Ascent Pilgrimage (to Jerusalem) Songs For Singing While Traveling to Festivals

42 4. Psalms E. General Types of Psalms 3) Lament Psalms Songs of Those in Trouble Calls to God for Help 4) Imprecatory Psalms Cries for God s Justice Jealous for God s Honor

43 4. Psalms E. General Types of Psalms 5) Testimonial Psalms Declarations of God s Goodness Personal Stories of Deliverance & Praise 6) Penitential Psalms Songs of Confession Expressions of Repentance

44 4. Psalms E. General Types of Psalms 7) Wisdom Psalms Calls to Live for God Righteous Instructions 8) Historical Psalms Retelling of Israel s Past Praise for God s Covenant-Keeping

45 4. Psalms E. General Types of Psalms 9) Creation Psalms Worship In Light of Natural Theology Expression of Awe for God s Power

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