IYUNIM BITKUMAT ISRAEL SOCIETY AND ECONOMY IN ISRAEL: HISTORICAL AND CONTEMPORARY PERSPECTIVES

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1 IYUNIM BITKUMAT ISRAEL SOCIETY AND ECONOMY IN ISRAEL: HISTORICAL AND CONTEMPORARY PERSPECTIVES

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3 IYUNIM BITKUMAT ISRAEL Thematic Series SOCIETY AND ECONOMY IN ISRAEL: HISTORICAL AND CONTEMPORARY PERSPECTIVES Edited by Avi Bareli Daniel Gutwein Tuvia Friling Volume One THE BEN-GURION RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR THE STUDY OF ISRAEL AND ZIONISM SEDE BOQER CAMPUS BEN-GURION UNIVERSITY OF THE NEGEV PRESS YAD IZHAK BEN-ZVI PRESS JERUSALEM 2005

4 Editorial Board: Assistant Editor: Advisory Board: Uri Bialer, Nissim Calderon, Abraham Doron, Pinhas Ginossar, Yosef Gorny, Moshe Lissak Orna Miller Avi Bareli, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Ben-Gurion Research Institute; Menahem Brinker, Hebrew University; Itamar Even-Zohar, Tel Aviv University; Jonathan Frankel, Hebrew University; Tuvia Friling, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Ben-Gurion Research Institute; Allon Gal, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Ben-Gurion Research Institute; Pinhas Ginossar, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Ben-Gurion Research Institute; Yehuda Gradus, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Ben-Gurion Research Institute; Gideon Katz, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Ben-Gurion Research Institute; Moshe Lissak, Hebrew University; Matityahu Mintz, Tel Aviv University; Israel Oppenheim, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev; Benjamin Pinkus, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Ben-Gurion Research Institute; Zaki Shalom, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Ben-Gurion Research Institute; Moshe Shemesh, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Ben-Gurion Research Institute; Ilan Troen, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Ben-Gurion Research Institute Style Editing: Ravit Delouya, Smadar Rothmann, Alon Eshpar, Keren Gliklich, Chava Hofman, Yehiel Kimhi Type Editing: Ella Rapaport Translations and English Editing: Shulamit Amir-Zarmi Editorial Coordinator: Smadar Rothmann Cover Design: Shai Zauderer Production Manager: Shaul Shragai ISSN Statements of fact or opinion appearing in this volume are solely those of the authors and do not imply endorsement by the editors or publishers 2005 All Rights Reserved The Ben-Gurion Institute Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Yad Izhak Ben-Zvi Press Sede Boqer Campus Layout: Sefi Graphics Design, Beer Sheva Printed in Israel in Kefar Habad

5 C O N T E N T S Introduction Avi Bareli, Society and Economy in Israel: A Historical Daniel Gutwein, and Political Overview 1 Tuvia Friling Articles Shmuel N. Eisenstadt Israeli Society between Sectarianism and Integration 7 Yaacov Kop The Israeli Economy in the Fifth Decade Following D. Patinkin s The Israeli Economy: The First Decade 33 Ben-Zion Zilberfarb Budget Deficits and the Development of Fiscal Institutions in Israel, Shlomo Swirski 1967: A Political-Economic Turning Point in Israel 91 Yitzhak Klein Why the Free Market is Preferable for Israel 117 Amal Jamal On the Origins of National Inequality in Israel 145 Sylvie Fogiel-Bijaoui Gender Aspects in the Labor Market of Israel s Privatized Economy 183 Moshe Semyonov, Labor Migration to Israel: Causes and Tamar Lerenthal Consequences 217 Uri Cohen The Hebrew University and the Ethno-class Stratification in the First Decade 233 Avner Molcho Zvi Zameret Yitzhak Greenberg Capitalism and the American Way in Israel: Productivity, Management and the Capitalist Ethos of the US Technical Aid in the 1950s 263 Zalman Aranne and the Productivization of the Oriental Jews 295 The Policy of Economic Expansion in the Histadrut, Yuval Elbashan On Social Rights in the Evolving Israeli Constitution 365 Rami Yosef, Mandatory Pension Law in Israel Avia Spivak 399

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7 C O N T E N T S Shifra Shvarts, Medicine, Society and Politics: The Israeli Nadav Davidovitch National Health Insurance Law as a Case Study 431 John Gal Between Welfare and Work: Policies towards the Unemployed in Pre-state Palestine and in Israel 477 Abraham Doron The Political and Intellectual Origins of the From Welfare to Workfare Policies 519 Elazar Leshem The Former Soviet Union Immigrants between Separation and Integration 541 Avi Picard North African Immigrants and Peopling the Israeli Periphery, Esther East and West in the Inter-cultural Encounter Meir-Glitzenstein in the State of Israel 615 Orit Rozin Women Meeting Women: The Role of Veteran Women in the Absorption of Immigrants in 1950s Israel, History and Theory 645 Yiftah Goldman Communal Utopia and Politics: Israel via the Theory of Emancipative Praxis in European Socialism 671 Gidi Nevo Ephraim Kishon s Bourgeois Satire 711 Nir Kedar Equality and Cooperation in David Ben-Gurion s Political Thought in the 1950s and 1960s 747 Paula Kabalo Voluntarism and Civic Engagement According to David Ben-Gurion, Uri Ram Post-Zionism: The First Decade 803 Avner Cohen The Israeli Left between a Liberal-Dovish Ideology and Social Involvement 855 List of Participants 875 Abbreviations 876 English Abstracts i