Judaism and Early Christianity

Transcription

1 Slide 1 Judaism and Early Christianity Slide 2 Slide 3 I. Background A. Patriarchs 1. Abraham a. From Ur of the Chaldees b. Hebrew meaning the other side c. Canaan near important trade routes

2 Slide 4 Slide 5 Slide 6 2. Moses a. Leadership of people in approx B.C. b. Ten Commandments B. Conquest and Judges 1. Joshua organized people into a stable religious entity

3 Slide 7 2. Judges reformers in the face of conquests by outsiders 3. King Saul first constitutional king in history able to free Israel from the Philistines & unify nation Slide 8 C. David & Israel s golden age 1. Chosen by Saul as instrument of Yahweh 2. Immensely popular w/ people struggle for power against Saul 3. Became king a. Unified tribes of Israel b. Extended kingdom from Phoenicia (west) to the Arabian Desert (east) & from River Orontes (north) to Gulf of Aqaba (south) Slide 9 c. Ultimately captured Jerusalem & established a national & religious capital D. Solomon 1. David s son 2. Built a great temple 3. Bible ascribes 700 wives to him many political alliances

4 Slide 10 Solomon s Temple Slide 11 Slide 12 E. Divided kingdom 1. After Solomon s death 2. Northern fell to Assyrians lost tribes of Israel 3. Southern fell to Babylonians (587 B.C.)

5 Slide 13 F. Post-Exile period 1. Release of Jews by Cyrus the Great (538 B.C.) 2. Temple rebuilt 515 B.C. 3. Leadership next 100 yrs Nehemiah & Ezra 4. Establishment of a theocracy believed their God had rescued them Slide Conquerors & liberators a. Alexander the Great (332 B.C.) b. The Seleucids c. Liberator Judas Maccabeus (165 B.C.) d. Rome (70 A.D.) Slide 15 G. Hebrew Bible 1. bible from Greek word for book; from town of Byblos which exported papyrus reed in the ancient world 2. Oral tradition history of Jews culture & religion called scriptures

6 Slide books written in Hebrew (a few in Aramaic) 4. Earliest Bible probably from 10 th century B.C. an assemblage of history, songs, stories, & prophecy 5. First canon (officially accepted compilation) the Torah or Pentateuch 5 books Slide Translated in Alexandria (called Septuagint for the 70 scholars who worked on it) 7. Current Bible a. Canonized by Council of Jamnia in A.D. 90 b. Three parts Slide 18 1) the Law (Torah) first 5 books a) holiness= religion & morality

7 Slide 19 b) religion= abhorring idolatry (human sacrifice, sacred prostitution, divination, magic) & adopting enobling rituals Slide 20 c) morals= resisting natural urges & serving others d) law= justice & righteousness e) six fundamental rights Slide 21 (1) to live (2) of possession (3) to work (4) to clothing (5) to shelter (6) to leisure & liberty f) acceptance of duties

8 Slide 22 2) the Prophets a) history b) further development of Hebrew concepts c) reconciliation of Hebrew people to God Slide 23 3) the Writings variety of literary forms poems & apocalyptic visions biblical books of Psalms, Proverbs, Job, Song of Songs, Ruth, Lamentations, Ecclesiastes, Esther, Daniel, Ezra, Nehemiah, & Chronicles Slide 24 II. Jewish Art A.Visual Art inhibited by injunction against graven images 1. Decoration of synagogues (Dura-Europos A.D. 250) tells history of Chosen People

9 Slide 25 Jewish Art Slide 26 Slide 27

10 Slide 28 Slide 29 Slide 30 a. Sophisticated b. Concern with plasticity three dimensional space 2. Temple of Jerusalem a. House of Yahweh extremely restricted b. Public building in other senses nationalistic symbol

11 Slide 31 c. Begun by David to house the Ark of the Covenant B. Music as mentioned in the Bible (lyre, & flute, etc) Slide 32 Slide 33

12 Slide 34 III. Backgound of Christianity A. Life of Christ 1. Few early details 2. Historical links a. Herod b. Caesar Augustus & the first enrollment Slide 35 c. Herod s death which places Christ s actual birth in 4 B.C. changes in calendar d. Ministry beginning at 30 e. Early life as a carpenter & teacher Slide 36

13 Slide 37 f. Close association with women (unusual for that period) 3. Message a. Kingdom of God b. God s active involvement in saving humankind Slide 38 c. God s eternal love & grace d. Central ethical focus on love e. Acceptance of sinners (the message which brought about his execution) Slide 39 B. Apostolic Church 1. Early Christians a. Commanded to spread the message b. Reliant on oral teachings

14 Slide 40 c. Developed written accounts in the 1 st century 1) Gospels (beginning with John Mark s book in A.D. 70) 2) Acts Slide 41 3) Letters (development of Christian theology by Paul in logical, intellectual Greek patterns) Slide 42 4) Apocalyptic vision (John on the isle of Patmos A.D ) God s will for the future d. Loosely organized

15 Slide 43 e. Based on principles appealing to all social levels in the Roman world f. Persecution resulting from the strong political organization of the Christians & their opposition Slide 44 to military service & worship of the emperor g. Culmination of persecution under Diocletian in 303 h. Advancement of Christianity under Constantine Slide 45 1) converted after a dream which led to success in battle 2) granted privileges a) tax exemption

16 Slide 46 b) court power c) sanctuary in church buildings d) development of its own administration Slide 47 i. Council of Nicea in 325 to determine the nature of the Trinity 2. Popes a. Establishment of supremacy of Rome as Peter s church Slide 48

17 Slide 49 b. Council of Sardica s establishment of Roman bishops heirship to Peter (344) C. Early Christian thought 1. Tertullian and legalism a. Carthage (200) Slide 50 Slide 51

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