Mattityahu Levi. Matthew s Account Part Three. Copyright 2004, 2008 Sh ma! Chazak! All Rights Reserved

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2 Mttityhu Levi Mtthew s Account Prt Three Copyright 2004, 2008 Sh m! Chzk! All Rights Reserved Scripture portions from New King Jmes Version Nshville: Thoms Nelson Publisher

3 Mttityhu Levi Mtthew s Account Prt Three Tble of Contents Dediction...4 Study Overview...5 Wht We Previously Lerned...8 Lesson One Chpter Twenty...11 Lesson Two Chpter Twenty-one...19 Lesson Three Chpter Twenty-two...25 Lesson Four Chpter Twenty-three...29 Lesson Five Chpter Twenty-four...35 Lesson Six Chpter Twenty-five...41 Lesson Seven Chpter Twenty-six...45 Lesson Eight Chpter Twenty-seven...49 Lesson Nine Chpter Twenty-eight...55 Appendix Prophecies Fulfilled in Yeshu...61 Appendix Mircles of Yeshu...63 Glossry nd Pronouncition Guide...65 Bibliogrphy nd Reding List...67

4 Dediction To my wise, virtuous, nd beutiful wife, Jnet. You hve tught me much bout Torh by your gentleness nd ptience. You reflect the Mster's grce nd love. My we ever hve shlom. Rick July

5 Study Overview Beloved, we re continuing our study of the book of Mtthew together. Remember tht our gol is to see it through the writer s eyes. We re continuing to try to recpture the historicl context; the lnguge; nd the theology of the time when Mttityhu Levi wrote the book of Mtthew. Contextul nd Anlyticl Formt We will continue studying chpter of the book of Mtthew in ech lesson. If you did not do Mttityhu Prt One, or Prt Two you need to know tht most lessons will hve historicl context section to set the stge for our study. The historicl context will use rcheologicl dt, historicl documents, nd extr-biblicl texts to help us estblish the frme for ech lesson. After setting the context, we will then dig into the text nd exmine it, exmine it, nd then reexmine it. We will look t originl lnguges nd mny cross-references. We will try to nlyze the book of Mtthew nd estblish its purpose, nd discover why it truly does belong t the hed of the Apostolic Scriptures. Don t be frid or intimidted by ny of this we re ll lerning together. None of His first tlmidim [disciples] were scholrs but He tught them unserchble truths nd so it hs been with ll of His disciples. The requisite is simply to follow Him. We will not use rcheologicl dt, or other extr-biblicl sources to estblish uthority tht cn only come through Scripture. Rther, we will simply use them help us to gin context for wht we re reding. As well, the use of n extr-biblicl text will not be n endorsement of these texts, becuse mny historicl sources do not hve the sme view of Scripture tht we do. Likewise, we will never diminish the simplicity of the text. We know tht God is not the uthor of confusion; but rther, He speks nd His people her His voice in whtever lnguge they need. 5

6 Word nd Lnguge Conventions We will strive towrd mking Biblicl things more cler, but lso to be more correctly understood. Becuse of tht, we will use certin word nd lnguge conventions. Sometimes word will be used in this study tht is unfmilir to the verge reder, in which cse it will be explined or footnoted. A glossry is lso included t the bck of the workbook. Sometimes word tht hs lost its mening or originl ide in English will be systemticlly replced in this study with different word. This is not ment to confuse, but rther to bring renewed emphsis on originl mening. Following re some common words nd nmes, how they will be represented in this study, nd the resoning behind this usge. Nme of God: The use of circumlocution (using substitute for God s holy Nme) is encourged. We will use the generlized word God in plce of His most holy Nme, this is similr to using LORD, ADONAI, or HShem in plce of the Tetrgrmmton (four letter Nme of God). Nme of Yeshu: We will use the Hebrew Nme Yeshu." The Etymology of this Nme in English is convoluted mking excursions from Greek to Ltin nd even to Germn in ddition, for some the English nme reminds of the horrific persecution tht ws wickedly done "in the nme of 'Yeshu's" to those of Jewish descent And of course, we know His first disciples clled Him by His Hebrew Nme Yeshu. Lw, Pentteuch: We will use the Hebrew word Torh. As well, the word Torh cn pply to ny portion of Scripture, but it will normlly focus upon the first five books of the Bible. Although mny believers cn red the word Lw nd reflect upon the beuty spoken of God s Lw in the Pslms; significnt portion of believers of the pst fifty yers hve been tught profound bis ginst God s Lw. Hence, the use of the word Torh lthough not removed of some bis itself, helps to minimize those preconceptions. The word Torh is the word used over 200 times in the Hebrew Scriptures nd is incorrectly trnslted Lw in modern English usge. It is more correctly seen s Instruction coming from the root verb yrh which is closer to shoot, direct, point out, or im. Disciples: We will use word tlmidim. For most believers, this hs firly positive implictions but we re not very good t personlizing this in our thinking nd ctions. The Twelve Disciples often replces this in our minds. For this reson, the words tlmidim [disciples, plurl] nd tlmid [disciple, singulr] will be used. Christ, Messih: We will use the English trnslitertion Messih. The Greek lnguge tkes the Hebrew word mshich [messih] nd trnsltes it into the Greek word christos. English, then borrows nd trnslitertes both the Hebrew nd the Greek. Hence, there re two options tht trnsltors hve in rendering Anointed One the Greek word Christos nd the Hebrew word Mshich. Although Christ is the more common English word, it is often treted by believers s type of surnme of Yeshu, rther thn the significnt title tht it is. It is title tht should lwys drw us bck to the Promise of Redeemer, Priest, nd King given to the Ancients. Using Messih ids in tht reminder. 6

7 Old Testment, Hebrew Scriptures: We will use the cronym TNKh (Torh, Nevi im, K tuvim = Torh, Prophets, Writings), The impliction in old is tht it is something tht hs been done wy with which the New Testment sys hs not been done. This ws the Scripture of First Century believers s well. New Testment, Greek Scriptures: We will use the term Apostolic Scriptures. Clerly, it is not new nor is it testment. God spoke through His Holy Spirit nd men were moved to write. By using terms like New nd Old Testment, we my begin to plce more vlidity on the new which is contrry to the very teching found in the New Testment. My pryer for you nd I s we begin this study is tht we will her our Mster spek, nd upon hering Him, we will obey. He is clling us beloved, let s go up the mountin nd sit t His feet s His tlmidim nd let us her s He opens His mouth nd teches us gin. Mny ntions shll come nd sy, Come, nd let us go up to the mountin of the LORD, to the house of the God of Jcob; He will tech us His wys, nd we shll wlk in His pths. For out of Zion the Torh shll go forth, And the word of the LORD from Jeruslem. Mich 4:2 7

8 Wht We Previously Lerned Whether you re just beginning this study now, or hve completed Prt One or Prt Two, it is importnt for us to go over wht we lerned in Prt One. The Gospel ccounts re so detiled nd so full of informtion we cn sometimes be overwhelmed with the detils nd miss the big picture. The big picture in Mtthew cn be summed up with the Gospel messge (Kingdom messge). It is repeted throughout the book, nd it is the frme into which everything else must be plced. The Gospel messge is this: Repent, for the Kingdom of Heven is t hnd. We hve seen tht one phrse, beginning with John the Bptizer then with Yeshu then with the disciples sent out, crried with it powerful messge (prphrsed): Return to God s wys, becuse the King is here. We sw tht this consistent messge ws not lwys heeded nd tht the mission of John, Yeshu, nd His disciples ws not lwys evident to those round them. We sw tht the Kingdom messge ws first only given to Isrel. Chpter One We sw the genelogy of Yeshu, nd His birth. The focus ws His mirculous birth s the Promised One the Messih. We sw tht s the Son of Dvid, He ws to be known s King Messih. We sw tht s Immnuel [ God with us ], Yeshu's reign s King Messih ws to be seen s return of the Throne of Isrel (nd the world) to God. Chpter Two We sw the continued presenttion of Yeshu s Prophet, Priest, nd King. Allusions to Moses, King Dvid, nd the Tberncle priests were clerly seen. Chpter Three We sw the bptism of Yeshu. We sw tht t vilh [immersion] ws not something new, but something very much prt of their lives in the First Century. We sw tht t vilh [immersion] represents chnge in sttus. Our introduction to it showed direct connection to repentnce, nd the Kingdom messge. Chpter Four The tempttion of Yeshu ws seen s n ttck upon the Person of God nd repeted offers of shortcuts to the mission of Messih. Yeshu nswered ech tempttion with quotes from Torh. Ech time, using the phrse, it is written. Chpter Five We sw tht Yeshu begn His ministry by choosing tlmidim [disciples] nd then s every good mster does, He tught them bout Torh. This sermon on the mount ws focused not on how one gets into the Kingdom of God but upon how Kingdom people look, nd how they 8

9 Mttityhu Levi: Mtthew s Account Prt Two Review live. Yeshu mde it cler to His tlmidim [disciples] tht He ws not bolishing the Torh nd the Prophets but rther mking them stnd by His teching. We sw tht Yeshu took common syings of others nd compred nd contrsted them to wht Torh truly sid nd ment. We sw tht the correct view of Torh ws s not list of rules nd regultions but instructions regrding reltionships: reltionships with God, nd with ech other. Chpter Six We sw tht in Yeshu's continution of the sermon on the mount, He focused upon the externls of religion. His focus ws to show tht Kingdom people were not only to be visibly righteous in their lives, but tht such living cme from herts tht hd been turned bck to God nd were seeking His Kingdom. Chpter Seven We sw tht fruit is n importnt element for Kingdom people. We sw first tht we were not to judge without using God s judgment nd mercy nd tht to turn blind eye to our neighbor s sin ws not love t ll. We lso sw tht it is by ctions (fruit) tht the true chrcter of person is reveled. We were told tht the Kingdom ws mde up of the wise the ones who her Yeshu's words nd do them. We sw tht Yeshu did not mke new lw but tht He reminded His tlmidim to obey God s Torh. Chpter Eight In the mircles of chpter eight nd nine, we sw tht they were not simply signs nd wonders, but specificlly chosen for wht they ment. We sw the repeted picture of Yeshu reching into the world of people who were tmei [unclen] by God s stndrds nd becuse of tht seprted from the public fellowship with God t the Temple. We sw this s powerful imge of His overll mission to tke tht which ws seprted from God nd others, bringing it not only into reltionship, but into nerness to God Himself. Chpter Nine We sw Yeshu heling nd forgiving sin. This ction ws seen s clim to Deity, nd so it becme division between Yeshu nd some of the religious leders of the dy. We sw tht Yeshu hd not chosen the wise nd lerned men to be His tlmidim [disciples], not the scholrs nd He did not mke them scholrs. Becuse they hd been with Him, they would be shown to be the wisest of men. Chpter Ten Yeshu intended His tlmidim [disciples] to be imittors of Him. To spek wht He spoke. To ct like He cted. To pry like He pryed. He expected them to prech His Kingdom messge the sme s He did. We sw tht He sent them out to do just tht but only to the people of Isrel. He sent them in groups of two to ct s witnesses either to the cceptnce, or rejection of Yeshu's Kingdom messge. To either turn to God s wys nd see the Kingdom or to reject God s rule in their lives. The choice ws offered the tlmidim were sent to be witnesses of their decisions. Chpter Eleven We were reminded tht John the Bptizer ws forerunner of Yeshu. We sw tht He cme in the mold of Elijh, who ws promised to return before Messih, nd to turn the people bck to the Torh of God. We were reminded of the Kingdom messge ( Repent, for the Kingdom of Heven is t hnd! nd how it fit with the prophecies of the return of Elijh from Mlchi. We sw tht Yeshu's sid His wy ws esy nd His burden light. 9

10 Mttityhu Levi: Mtthew s Account Prt Two Review Chpter Twelve Yeshu chllenged the religious uthorities of His dy with the difference between trdition nd God s commnds. We lerned tht some of the religious uthorities were more concerned with their own influence nd power thn they were bout God s Word. Sbbth ws n issue tht hd been perverted in mny wys from wht God intended. Yeshu set the Sbbth bck where it belongs. We sw tht Yeshu continued to concel His identity s Messih. Chpter Thirteen This is the chpter of the Kingdom prbles. We sw tht prbles re simply stories to illustrte single point in order to cuse the herer to mke decision. The Kingdom prbles tught us tht the Kingdom of God ws reltionship with the King. Chpter Fourteen The mircle of the Feeding of the 5,000 crried importnt symbolism in the use of the numbers, five brley loves, 2 fish, 12 bskets remining. We sw the wlking on wter mircle s direct reveltion of the Deity of Yeshu. The bottom of the se ws seen s the relm of demons Yeshu wlked over this, showing His uncontested uthority. The tlmidim worship Him fter this. Chpter Fifteen We sw Yeshu once gin chllenging some of the religious uthorities on their trditions. Yeshu did not negte, or bolish Torh He reestblished it s the only stndrd, which supersedes mn s trditions nd doctrines. Like the mircle of the Feeding of the 5,000 the mircle of the Feeding of the 4,000 crries with it gret symbolism. Between the two we cn see Yeshu's ministry first coming to the 12 Tribes of Isrel, nd then expnding out to the ntions. We sw hint of this s well in the heling of the Syro-Phoenicin womn s dughter. Chpter Sixteen We sw the confession of Peter tht Yeshu ws the Messih. We sw tht Yeshu confirms this nd yet still tells His tlmidim to tell no one else. Chpter Seventeen As confirmtion to wht Peter hd proclimed regrding Yeshu's Messihship, God gives the witness of Moses nd Elijh in the Mount of Trnsfigurtion experience. Then God spoke nd the three tlmidim who were there herd the Voice of God declring Who Yeshu is. Chpter Eighteen Yeshu outlined how we re to del with brothers who wrong us. He gve provisions for legl ction within the ssembly of believers only nd then He showed how forgiveness is requirement in order to receive forgiveness. Chpter Nineteen The chllenge of siding with either Bet Shmmi, or Bet Hillel on the issue of divorce ws met hed-on by Yeshu Bet Yeshu would tke complete different tck s God nd Torh lwys tught no divorce. We sw tht the Rich Young Ruler knew he ws lcking something in his life. He hd kept the commndments nd yet hd not sought reltionship with the One who spoke those commndments. Yeshu gve him the key to life: obey nd follow Him. 10

11 Lesson One Chpter Twenty Lesson One Chpter Twenty As You Begin Beloved, s we begin this third prt to our study of Mtthew, spend some time speking nd listening to God in pryer. We hve seen so much, nd experienced so much tht might be foreign to our understnding, we do not wnt to miss the point of it ll. Tell your Hevenly Fther, your Abb how much you wnt to receive wht He wnts to revel in this book. Then choose to listen nd obey. Red chpter twenty. Add ny mircles in chpter twenty to the chrt in the Appendix titled, Mircles of Yeshu. You cn trnsfer those pges from your previous Mtthew workbook, or you cn simply strt over. Find ny references in chpter twenty to the word Kingdom. Mrk them in your Bible with blue pencil. Historicl Context The Sh losh Reglim Three Pilgrimges Deuteronomy 16 tells us tht every mle should go up to the Tberncle/Temple in three reglim [pilgrimges] ech yer. It is significnt tht we see Yeshu in the Temple during these reglim. The three pilgrimges re prt of the Moedim [Appointments] detiled in Leviticus 23, nd which spek propheticlly of the ministry nd work of Messih. The three pilgrimge festivls ech yer re Pesch [Pssover, lso known s Unlevened Bred], Shvuot [Weeks, Pentecost], nd Sukkot [Tberncles]. Three times yer ll your mles shll pper before the LORD your God in the plce which He chooses: t the Fest of Unlevened Bred, t the Fest of Weeks, nd t the Fest of Tberncles; nd they shll not pper before the LORD empty-hnded. Every mn shll give s he is ble, ccording to the blessing of the LORD your God which He hs given you. 1 So it is no surprise tht in Mtthew 20:17-19, Yeshu sets His fce towrd Jeruslem s Pssover pproches. This is likely His twentieth Pssover in Jeruslem. He is fithful to the teching of Torh nd He truly hs n ppointment for our eternl destiny on this pilgrimge. 1 The New King Jmes Version, Dt 16: Nshville: Thoms Nelson, 1996, c

12 Lesson One Chpter Twenty Anlyzing Chpter Twenty Prble of The Vineyrd Workers Remember from our study of prbles in Mtthew Prt Two tht Yeshu's prbles re lwys to be understood s simple stories in order to point to singulr point which in turn demnds decision. Gret confusion nd error hs come from llegoricl interprettion of the prble of the vineyrd workers found in Mtthew 20:1-16. Remember s well tht Yeshu's point in His prbles is usully simple one even though the point ws often missed by the herers. So it is with the prble of the vineyrd workers, s we will see. Before digging into this prble, let s review some prticulrs of Hebric prbles. The purpose for the Hebric prble s teching tool ws not exctly the sme s the sermon illustrtion tht mny re fmilir with tody lthough similr. The prble [mshl] ws used by rbbis nd techers to explin point in short nd succinct wy. This gve techer s tlmidim [disciples] n esier wy to memorize nd pss complex teching on to subsequent genertions of students. A mshl [prble] ws often pired with nother mshl to mke the point more cler. Here is n importnt distinction in the Hebric mshl it ws not used s n llegory for something, where every detil of the story could be construed to hve hidden mening; constructing n lternte relity. There ws usully one or two points to mke in the story nd tht is ll. By piring mshl with nother, it mde it esier to get the common point. This one thing to remember regrding Yeshu's use of prbles is very importnt. Although it is true tht every word of Scripture hs mening, to use Yeshu's prbles to tech hidden llegories is destructive misunderstnding of Hebric prbles. Although we often see in the Gospel ccounts, the disciples scrtching their heds bout the mening of prble, tht is not to men tht the menings of Yeshu's prbles re complex. They re not. Remember, prbles were used to tech complex things in simple lnguge. Insted, the problem ws tht Yeshu's prbles hd messges tht were too simple nd more importntly, too chllenging. Hence, the verge herer then (or reder now) wnted to her something more deep. Beloved, Yeshu's Kingdom messge ws messge tht required decision. His prbles, likewise, required decision becuse of tht, the unrepentnt herer ws def to their messge. The sme is true tody for those who look beyond the shrp nd concise teching in His prbles. The rbbinic introduction to prble usully begn with the phrse, to wht cn this be compred? It cn be compred to We see similitude nture (e.g. this is like this ) in Hebric prbles. This is the wy we should view prble. He often used two prbles (clled couplets ) so tht the reltionships re more obvious, nd the min point more cler. 12

13 Lesson One Chpter Twenty To summrize this pproch to reding nd correctly interpreting Hebric prbles: The prble is description of relity using word pictures. There re often multiple points of reltionship between the word pictures nd the relity. These ct like fethers on n rrow directing it to mke single point. The word pictures nd the relity re not the sme thing. Once the rrow of the prble rrives t the trget, mking single point it requires response, decision, from the herer. Now let s look t the detils regrding the Prble of the Vineyrd Workers found in Mtthew 20:1-16. Sdly, mny people begin their nlysis of this prble in verse one of chpter twenty. Sdly, becuse the chpter breks re not inspired, they re mn-mde. To discover n importnt context for Yeshu's telling of this prble we need to go bck nd red Mtthew 19:30. Write the verse out in the spce tht follows: Now red Mtthew 20:16. Sndwiched between these two similr sttements, we find the single prble of the vineyrd workers. Since there is no second pired prble to help us discover the points of comprison, it is very importnt to keep the context of first shll be lst, nd lst shll be first in mind while reding this prble. Yeshu uses the vineyrd setting for mny of His prbolic techings. It is very importnt to keep in mind the lnguge of the vineyrd. The definition is found in the TNKh. Specificlly in Isih 5. In Isih 5:7 we re given the key to ll of the vineyrd prbles: For the vineyrd of the Lord of hosts is the house of Isrel, nd the men of Judh re His plesnt plnt Fill out the chrt tht follows. Prble of the Vineyrd Workers Reference Points of comprison Singulr point Mtt 20:1-16 The Lndowner = Full-dy lborers = Lte-in-the-dy lborers = The wges = 13

14 Lesson One Chpter Twenty Clled nd Chosen Beloved, there re whole theologies built upon vrying views of wht Yeshu's ment in the lst prt of verse 16, where He sid, For mny re clled, but few chosen. Remember, this is prt of His min point in telling the prble of the vineyrd workers. Reding Scripture in the Hebric wy tht it ws written does not point to theologies but living in obedience. So how re we to tret this phrse wht should our rection be to it? The Greek word for clled is the djective kletos (pronounced kly-tos). It comes from the root word which mens to literlly cll or to spek. The Hebrew word tht this correltes to is the word mikr (pronounced: mee-krw), which in turn comes from the root which mens to cll or summon. In the Hebrew Scriptures, this word is used most often to refer to the ssembling of group in order to her instructions etc. Comment on the use of the word kletos [clled] in the pssges tht follow. Mtthew 20:16 is the first usge in the Apostolic Scriptures, nd for reding clrity you cn dd the word the in front of most of the instnces found in Scripture. Mtthew 22:14 (red the context of this in verses 1-14, but do not spend too much time on it, s we will be looking t this pssge lter): Romns 1:1: Romns 1:6-7: Romns 8:28: 1Corinthins 1:24: Reveltion 17:14 (note: this pssge lso contins our other word chosen [eklektos]: Before we go ny further, understnd tht being clled is often contrsted with chosen s we sw in Mtthew 20:16 nd 22:14. Since it ssumed from these two instnces tht chosen is 14

15 Lesson One Chpter Twenty better, it mkes being clled seem like the lesser. From the other pssges you red, does this word indicte something less desirble? Now the second word tht sends people into theology mode is the word chosen. In Mtthew 20:16 tht word is the djective eklektos (pronounced ek-lek-tos). It comes from two other words, ek [ out, or from ] nd lego [ cll or commnd ]. Wit, there is tht sense of being spoken to just s in the word we looked t for being clled. Wht re we to mke of these two words being used pprently in contrsting wy? This is the stuff of theologicl debte, nd is best left there. Let s try nd mke this exercise prcticl remember, Yeshu ws teching in order for the herers (including you nd me) to mke decision not so tht they could get their theology right. It is not tht there isn t right nd wrong theology it is simply best to lwys tret such techings s personl, nd prcticl. The Hebrew equivlent for the word eklektos [chosen] is mibchr (pronounced: meeb-khwr). It mens, choice or best. It comes from root verb which simply mens selected. Comment on the following pssges where the word eklektos [chosen] is used. Note tht once gin, the first usge of this word in the Apostolic Scriptures is found in Mtthew 20:16. Mtthew 22:14: Mtthew 24:22 (KJV = elect ): Mtthew 24:24 (KJV = elect ): Mtthew 24:31 (KJV = elect ): Romns 8:33-34 (KJV = elect ): 15

16 Lesson One Chpter Twenty 1Peter 1:2 (KJV = elect ): 1Peter 2:9-10: Now, it is decision time. 1Peter 2:9-10 my be giving us the clerest picture of wht Yeshu ws focusing on in using the two words clled nd chosen becuse in this verse, the djective chosen is used long with the root for the djective clled is used the verb clled. Red 1Peter 2:9-10 nd nswer the following questions: Considering cuse nd effect (i.e wht ction comes first, hving wht effect), which comes first: proclim the prises of Him or the Him Who hs clled out of drkness into His mrvelous light? Wht then is the result (i.e. the effect) of this first ction? Would you gree tht being clled out of drkness into His mrvelous light is described by the process outlined in verse 10 (nmely, were not people, but now re people )? Beloved, cn you see tht descriptive phrse chosen genertion, royl priesthood, holy ntion, His own specil people is description of those who hve: Been clled by God, out of drkness into His light. In order tht they might proclim His prises. As you cn see, there re some ctions tht God hs tken, nd some subsequent effective ctions tht we tke. In other words, wht is God s responsibility, nd wht is ours? Red 1Peter 2:11-12 nd list (for strt) some things tht re seen s procliming the prise of Him. 16

17 Lesson One Chpter Twenty Summrize wht you hve lerned bout being clled nd being chosen. Focus upon wht your responsibility is in being clled nd chosen. How does Mtthew 20:20-28 relte to the messge of Mtthew 19:30 20:16? Tell Us Plinly! Mtthew 20:17-19 tells us tht Yeshu plinly outlined the events of the coming week to His twelve tlmidim [disciples]. Try to put yourself in the sndls of those tlmidim. Not knowing wht we know follows this pssge, comment on how Yeshu's sttement in these verses must hve sounded to men who now knew clerly tht He ws King Messih, nd t lest in some wy Divine (they my not hve completely understood this yet). As You Finish Beloved, these words of Yeshu re troubling t times. Clled or Chosen? His prbles in these lst chpters re lso quite difficult. There is reson why we often gloss over these chpters. It is becuse s Yeshu begins to close His erthly time of ministry, He is drwing us ever closer to the point of decision. And the ongoing points of decision. Remember, the responsibility we ber s followers it is to truly discover wht our Mster wnts nd to give to Him without hesittion. Wht hs God spoken to you this week regrding your lifestyle, nd the prble of the Vineyrd Workers? 17

18 Lesson One Chpter Twenty 18

19 Lesson Two Chpter Twenty-one Lesson Two Chpter Twenty-one As You Begin Beloved, we red in John 4:23 tht God is seeking for true worshipers. But the hour is coming, nd now is, when the true worshipers will worship the Fther in spirit nd truth; for the Fther is seeking such to worship Him. As you begin this lesson, go to your Abb in pryer nd confess to Him tht you do not know Him except by His reveltion of Himself to you. Ask Him to revel Himself to you this week. Tell Him you wnt to see the King. Red chpter twenty-one. Red chpter twenty-one gin nd look for ny occurrences of phrse tht indictes something ws fulfillment to prophecy. Mrk them in your Bible with green colored pencil nd then dd it to the chrt in the Appendix titled, Prophecies Fulfilled in Yeshu. Find ny references in chpter twenty-one to the word Kingdom. Mrk them in your Bible with blue pencil. Add ny mircles in chpter twenty-one to the chrt in the Appendix titled, Mircles of Yeshu. Historicl Context Riding on Donkey We imgine tht King should lwys enter His Kingdom on the bck of grnd stllion. This is imgery tht is certinly found in Scripture, but in Mtthew 21, we see Yeshu riding into Jeruslem on the bck of lowly donkey. The donkey ws common mode of trnsporttion in First Century Isrel. There is nothing tht stnds out in seeing mn riding donkey. Unless tht mn ws rumored to be the Messih. The picture of the king, riding upon donkey s he enters Jeruslem ws the picture not of conqueror, but King coming into His Kingdom. Zechrih 9:9 ws seen in the erliest times s referring to Messih. Rejoice gretly, O dughter of Zion! Shout, O dughter of Jeruslem! Behold, your King is coming to you; He is just nd hving slvtion, lowly nd riding on donkey, colt, the fol of donkey. 1 Yeshu hd plinly told His tlmidim tht He ws Messih but He hd cutioned them to not tell nyone. It ppers tht now within four dys of His betryl nd crucifixion, He is openly drwing the picture for the multitudes n open declrtion tht He ws Messih. Yes, Jeruslem, nd Zion should rejoice t the sight of the King entering His city, nd mny did. 1 The New King Jmes Version, Zech 9:9. Nshville: Thoms Nelson, 1996, c

20 Lesson Two Chpter Twenty-one Anlyzing Chpter Twenty-one Hllel Enter the King Mtthew 21:1-12 is usully titled, The Triumphl Entry, nd describes Yeshu's entrnce into Jeruslem t the beginning of the week of Pssover. It is impossible to overestimte the Messinic implictions of these verses. Usully this ccount is weighed opposite the crucifixion in the modern interprettion of this pssge. It is usully cst s n irony the cceptnce of Kingship of Yeshu in Mtthew 21 ginst the rejection of Yeshu's Kingship in Mtthew 27. This view my cloud the significnce of Mtthew 21:1-12. This pssge hs severl prophetic implictions. Let s look deeper into this. Mtthew 21:5 quotes pssge from Zechrih. The book of Zechrih is book tht is full of prophecies regrding the reign of King Messih. If we were reding the book of Mtthew without ny knowledge of the lter events in Mtthew 27 (the crucifixion etc.) we might see Yeshu entering Jeruslem riding the fol of donkey in n entirely different wy. Tht would be good. Red Zechrih 9:9-17 nd nswer the following questions. When the dughter of Zion nd the dughter of Jeruslem sw their King riding on the fol of donkey they were to rejoice. Why? In verse 10, wht will be the stte of Lnd, nd the whole erth s result of the coming of Isrel s King? In verses 11 nd 12, wht ws it tht Isrel could expect, nd why? Do verses sound like spiritul delivernce or physicl one? Beloved, if you hd been there, like His tlmidim, wht would you hve thought ws bout to occur? As you nswer, keep in mind tht God s promises re sure, nd will come to pss your understnding of this tody, should be no less sure thn wht the tlmidim must hve considered. 20

21 Lesson Two Chpter Twenty-one Wht does Hosnn men? This is trnslitertion of the Hebrew phrse hoshih n from Pslms 118:25, which mens, sve now. Hoshih shres the sme root s Yeshu's own nme, Yeshu. In Mtthew 21:9, the multitude ws singing this. This is prt of the Hllel trditionl pssge during the Pssover. Trditionlly, Pslms 113 through 118 re sung during this time. Red Pslms 118:19-29 nd comment on how it reltes to wht you sw in Zechrih 9. In Mtthew 21:9 the multitudes clled Yeshu the Son of Dvid. We hve seen tht phrse used repetedly in Mtthew. We most recently sw it in 20:30-31 where the two blind men sked for sight. Wht were the people clling Him when they clled Him Son of Dvid? How does being Son of Dvid relte to wht they clled Him in 21:11? In Mtthew 20:14-15, why were the chief priests etc. upset? Wht did they think Son of Dvid ment? Yeshu nswered their objections with quote from Pslms 8. Red Mtthew 21:16 nd then red Pslms 8:1-6. Comment wht you think Yeshu ws lluding to (using remez 2 ) in His nswer. Clensing the House of Pryer For All Peoples In Mtthew 21:12-13, we red bout the fmilir clensing of the Temple by Yeshu. Often, in our nchronistic wy of trnsmitting our current sitution into this reding we cn mispply wht is being tught here. It is importnt to understnd tht the Tberncle/Temple of ncient Isrel hs no modern equivlent. So when Yeshu clled it house of pryer we should not permit tht reference to pply to our modern church buildings becuse if we do, we will miss wht is being sid here. Yeshu ws quoting Isih 56:7. We red this pssge when studied 2 Remez is the ncient interprettive method tht uses recognizble words or phrses from Scripture pssge to expnd teching. 21

22 Lesson Two Chpter Twenty-one Mtthew 19. This pssge in Isih is prophetic bout yet future time. Red Isih 56:1-8 nd nswer the following questions. Who is blessed in verse 2, nd why? How re the son of foreigner who hs joined himself the LORD nd the eunuchs who keep My Sbbths to be blessed in verses 3-5? In verse 7, there is promise to mke them joyful in God s House of Pryer describe them from verse 6. In verse 8 when Yeshu sid, My House shll be house of pryer for ll ntions [peoples] the word for ntions or peoples is the plurl word mim. If you re of genetic heritge tht is Gentile, these words hve specil significnce for you. Beloved, when Yeshu quoted from this pssge, He ws gin lluding to the promise mde to Abrm tht the fmilies of the erth would be blessed in his Seed. Red Ephesins 2:11-22 nd rewrite it s pryer of thnksgiving for wht He hs done in ttching us to Him nd in tering down tht mnmde wll tht kept us out of fellowship with Him in His House. I ll strt it for you: Abb Fther, I thnk You for your work on my behlf. I ws once considered Gentile nd s such I ws seprted from the promises you mde to Abrhm nd Isrel. I hd no hope, nd ws I ws without You but now 22

23 Lesson Two Chpter Twenty-one Vineyrd Pictures If you re reding bout vineyrds, it is importnt to remember the key to vineyrd lnguge is found in Isih 5:7 where we re given the key to ll of the vineyrd prbles: For the vineyrd of the Lord of hosts is the house of Isrel, nd the men of Judh re His plesnt plnt Fill out the chrt tht follows which refers to the prble of the Vineyrd nd the Two Sons. Prble of the Vineyrd nd Two Sons Reference Points of comprison Singulr point Mtt 21:28-31 The Mn with 2 sons = The Vineyrd = The son who worked = The son who didn t work = Fill out the chrt tht follows which refers to the prble of the Lndowner nd the Wicked Vinedressers. Prble of the Lndowner nd the Wicked Vinedressers Reference Points of comprison Singulr point Mtt 21:33-40 Xref: Isih 5:1-7 The Lndowner = The Vineyrd = The fruit = The wicked vinedressers = The Lndowner s servnts = The Lndowner s Son = The new vinedressers = 23

24 Lesson Two Chpter Twenty-one As You Finish Beloved, wht kind of son or dughter re you? Are you like the first, who resists the commnd of the Fther, but in the end obeys or re you more like the second who grees to obey, but never gets round to it? If you re like the first, tht is good, but chose to be like n unnmed third son one who nswers Yes, Lord nd then immeditely obeys. Spend some time tody prying for the people of Isrel the Vineyrd of God. Pry for the pece of Jeruslem nd sk God to give you the burden, nd the ters of our Mster s He wept over her. My her King return soon nd in our dy. Amen. 24

25 Lesson Three Chpter Twenty-two Lesson Three Chpter Twenty-two As You Begin Hve you ever hd drem where you were not prepred for something? Mybe you hd the wrong clothes on for n importnt event or worse yet, none t ll. When you woke, wsn t it disconcerting thing? How wful to not be prepred for the Judgment Dy! This is week for meditting on how to be prepred. Red chpter twenty-two. Red chpter twenty-two gin nd look for ny occurrences of phrse tht indictes something ws fulfillment to prophecy. Mrk them in your Bible with green colored pencil nd then dd it to the chrt in the Appendix titled, Prophecies Fulfilled in Yeshu. Find ny references in chpter twenty-two to the word Kingdom. Mrk them in your Bible with blue pencil. Historicl Context Exmine the Lmb We re told in Exodus 12 tht on the 10 th of the first month (Aviv, Nisn) tht the people were to chose lmb without blemish. The lmb ws to be slin on the 14 th of the month s the Pssover lmb. Why keep it for 4 dys? To mke sure it did not hve ny flws or blemishes. It ws the duty of the uthorities to exmine the techings nd life of mn. Wht some in the First Century did not know is tht they were inspecting the ultimte Pssover Lmb. How sd tht their questions mny times were intended to trp Him rther thn to serve the purpose of vlidting His spotlessness. But s Scripture records, Pilte declred Him spotless. The Romn Tx nd Inscription Mtthew 22:22 contins the often quoted, Give unto Cesr quote. Yeshu's shrp wit is evident even in the English. All the more so with the stge being set by the historicl context. We re told in 22:15-16, tht it is the Phrisees nd Herodins who re sking Yeshu bout pying txes. The combintion of the Phrisees nd the Herodins is most telling. With regrd to purity nd politicl ideology they were polr opposites. When sked bout pying txes to Cesr, Yeshu sks for them to produce coin. Being in the Temple, no doubt it ws the Herodins tht produced the coin. Crrying Romn coin into the Temple courtyrd with its imge upon it, would hve been considered very improper by Phrisee. 25

26 Lesson Three Chpter Twenty-two We re told there is n imge of Cesr nd n inscription on the coin, described s denrius. The denrius of this time would hve been one with the imge of Tiberius on it. The inscription revels the irony of Yeshu's nswer to their chllenge. The inscription sid, Augustus Ti(berius) Cesr Divi Aug(usti) F(ilius) [ Augustus Tiberius, son of the Divine Augustus ]. Yeshu, the truly Divine nd humble Son of the Almighty is contrsted to mere mn who clims divinity nd seeks to idolize Himself. Of course Yeshu's nswer does not stop with the suggestion tht things with Cesr s nme nd imge on them should be given to him (with the impliction of pying txes), but continues tht those things which re God s should be given to God. God s imge is not crved or cst unto wood or metl it is drwn upon mn. Most specificlly upon the One true King stnding there before them tht dy: Yeshu. Anlyzing Chpter Twenty-two Wedding Fest Prble At the end of chpter 22, Yeshu's uthority ws being questioned by the chief priests nd the elders. Yeshu's nswered their questions by telling them the prble of the Lndowner nd the Wicked Vinedressers. Then chpter 21 ends. Chpter 22 begins with nother of Yeshu's Kingdom prbles : the prble of the Wedding Fest. To get the context of this, red Mtthew 21:23-22:14. Fill out the chrt tht follows which refers to the prble of the Wedding Fest. Prble of the Wedding Fest Reference Points of comprison Singulr point Mtt 22:1-14 The King = The King s Son = The fest = The servnts/messengers = Those not willing to come = Those invited from the highwys = The one not wering wedding grments = Those dressed in wedding grments = 26

27 Lesson Three Chpter Twenty-two The Gretest Commndment The Phrisees no doubt enjoyed Yeshu's nswer to the Sdducees question regrding the resurrection of the ded (Mtthew 22:23-33); so it ws likely friendly question tht ws intended to find common ground when one of them sked Him the question bout the gretest of the commndments. We hve seen before tht Yeshu hs much in common with the Phrisee s understnding of Scripture. Yeshu's nswer to their question did not disppoint them. The nswer He gve ws consistent with how they hd understood Torh. Red Mtthew 22:34-40 nd nswer the following questions: Wht ws the lwyer s question? Wht commndment did Yeshu respond with? Wht did He cll this commndment? Wht commndment did Yeshu mention next wht did He cll this commndment? In verse 40, how mny commndments did Yeshu refer to, nd wht is the purpose/effect of these commndments? Beloved, Yeshu did not simply sum up nd then replce ll of Torh with these two commndments. In fct, these commndments re from Torh. Most importntly, these two commndments re not simply summtion of ll the others Yeshu sid tht Torh nd the Prophets hng upon these commndments. In other words, these two commndments support ll the others. Let s look t these two commndments in Torh. Deuteronomy 6:5 is clled the Lhvr [ you shll love ] nd it is prt of the ncient pryer clled the Sh m becuse the pryer begins in Deuteronomy 6:4, with Her O Isrel [Sh m Yisr el ]. This ws, nd is, one of the mjor tennts of Judism. The significnce of the commndment to love the LORD your God ws understood long before Yeshu ws tested tht Pssover week. Red Deuteronomy 6:4-9 nd list some things tht flow from loving God. 27

28 Lesson Three Chpter Twenty-two The second commndment tht Yeshu referred to in Mtthew 22:39 ws to love your neighbor s yourself. This is from Leviticus 19: Red Leviticus 19:17-18 nd list few things tht indicte love for your neighbor. Is Messih God? We hve seen so fr in Mtthew tht Yeshu hd not spoken very openly bout His identity s Messih. We see now in this finl week some rther strtling reveltions. The ccount in Mtthew 22:41-46 is bout Yeshu reveling something bout Messih tht ws not t the forefront of mny minds. He posed question nd then with the riddle He mde rther strtling reveltion bout Messih (t lest it would hve been strtling in their minds, hd they understood Him). Yeshu, by questioning the Phrisees, got them to plinly stte tht Messih ws to be the Son of Dvid. Then He sked them riddle how then does Dvid cll Him (Messih) Lord. In other words, He wnted them to explin how Descendnt of Dvid would be Mster over Dvid. In Semitic culture, this ws unthinkble. Red nd comment on Pslms 110:1-4. Specificlly identify Who The LORD is nd Who my Lord is if you cn, bsed upon wht Yeshu sid in Mtthew 22:44. As You Finish Beloved, hve you rejected the commndments of God? Do you understnd tht just s the two hnger commndments (those on which ll the others hng) include the verb love ll of God s commndments re test of love. Do you love Him? Red 1John 4:16-5:3 nd meditte on God s love for us, our love for Him, nd for our brothers nd sisters. 28

29 Lesson Four Chpter Twenty-three Lesson Four Chpter Twenty-three As You Begin Jmes chpter three tells us bout the destructive power of the tongue. Beloved, our disgust nd distin for some people is evident in our speech sometimes. Most of us t one time or nother hve thought bout the Phrisees in disdinful wy. Especilly regrding their hypocrisy. Or mybe we hve even criticized others by clling them Phrisees. This lesson is not bout pointing fingers. Only the perfect Lmb of God cn spek in such wy of others becuse He ws without spot, nd His judgment is lwys right. Go to your Hevenly Fther in pryer nd sk Him to spek to you this week s if the words of rebuke in this chpter were ment for you. Red chpter twenty-three. Find ny references in chpter twenty-three to the word Kingdom. Mrk them in your Bible with blue pencil. Historicl Context Moses Set Then Yeshu spoke to the multitudes nd to His disciples, sying: The scribes nd the Phrisees sit in Moses set. Therefore whtever they tell you to observe, tht observe nd do, but do not do ccording to their works; for they sy, nd do not do. 1 Yeshu's words in Mtthew 23:1-3 hve been used by mny for church politics from the estblishment of so-clled Ppl uthority to other cult-like lederships. In fct, creful reding revels tht Yeshu ws doing the opposite here. He ws tking wy the discretionry uthority not only of the scribes nd Phrisees, but ny others who seek to usurp the cler teching of Scripture. The key phrse of course is Moses set. Numbers 12:1-8 tells us wht ws so specil bout Moses not tht he ruled with some uthority, but tht he ws humble, nd God spoke fce to fce with him. In other words, Moses words re God s words. The Lw of Moses is the Torh of God. Then Mirim nd Aron spoke ginst Moses becuse of the Ethiopin womn whom he hd mrried; for he hd mrried n Ethiopin womn. So they sid, Hs the LORD indeed spoken only through Moses? Hs He not spoken through us lso? And the LORD herd it. (Now the mn Moses ws very humble, more thn ll men who were on the fce of the erth.) Suddenly the LORD sid to Moses, Aron, nd Mirim, Come out, you three, to the tberncle of meeting! 1 The New King Jmes Version, Mt 23:1. Nshville: Thoms Nelson, 1996, c

30 Lesson Four Chpter Twenty-three So the three cme out. Then the LORD cme down in the pillr of cloud nd stood in the door of the tberncle, nd clled Aron nd Mirim. And they both went forwrd. Then He sid, Her now My words: If there is prophet mong you, I, the LORD, mke Myself known to him in vision; I spek to him in drem. Not so with My servnt Moses; he is fithful in ll My house. I spek with him fce to fce, even plinly, nd not in drk syings; nd he sees the form of the LORD. Why then were you not frid to spek ginst My servnt Moses? 2 To sit in Moses set is not to be ble to crete lw out of whole cloth, but rther to tech the very words of Torh. This is why Yeshu exhorts His followers to do s the Phrisees do, nd not s they sy. The hypocrisy of some Phrisees is wht is being ddressed here. In the wy tht the Phrisees hd correctly tught the Torh they should be followed. Shem Tov s Hebrew version of Mtthew which is bsed upon ncient nd possibly n independent mnuscript tells this in more cler wy, The Phrisees nd sges sit upon the set of Moses. Therefore, ll tht he sys to you, diligently do, but ccording to their reforms nd their precedents do not do, becuse they tlk but do not do. 3 (emphsis dded) Anlyzing Chpter Twenty-three Moses Set Then Yeshu spoke to the multitudes nd to His disciples, sying: The scribes nd the Phrisees sit in Moses set. Therefore whtever they tell you to observe, tht observe nd do, but do not do ccording to their works; for they sy, nd do not do. 4 Did Yeshu just commnd His tlmidim to obey ll of the Phrisees trditions? The nswer is no. Certinly, there were mny good trditions in wht the Phrisees did; but remember tht the key to understnding this sttement by Yeshu is the phrse, Moses set. This is the set of judgment, the set of pplying God s instructions, His Torh. Insted of Phrisee trdition, Yeshu's ws telling His own tlmidim tht just becuse some of the so-clled righteous Phrisees were hypocrites, did not men tht the Torh tht they supposedly revered should lso be despised. Insted, obedience to God did not depend upon how well others were doing it it only depended upon the individul decision to obey. Nothing hs chnged in our dy. Men nd women tody use other s so-clled hypocrisy to disregrd God s wy. Red Mtthew 15:1-6 gin nd comment on how it reltes to Mtthew 23:1-3: 2 Ibid, Num 12:1-8 3 Hebrew Gospel of Mtthew, 1995 (Mtt 23:2). Mcon Georgi: Mercer University Press. Trnsltion: Nehemih Gordon 4 The New King Jmes Version. 1996, c1982 (Mt 23:1-4). Nshville: Thoms Nelson. 30

31 Lesson Four Chpter Twenty-three Yeshu went on in explining wht ws wrong with some of the Phrisees in Mtthew 23:4-5: For they bind hevy burdens, hrd to ber, nd ly them on men s shoulders; but they themselves will not move them with one of their fingers. But ll their works they do to be seen by men. They mke their phylcteries brod nd enlrge the borders of their grments. 5 This is no doubt wht Peter ws speking of in Acts 15:10 where he described some of the Phrisees trditions s, yoke on the neck of the disciples which neither our fthers nor we were ble to ber. 6 Eight Woes As we hve previously seen, the Phrisees were theologiclly closest to Yeshu. The Phrisees t vrious time ctully hd tried to protect Yeshu from the Temple uthorities. So it is for those closest tht Yeshu's reserves His hrshest words. To much is given, much is required, beloved. One thing we should keep in mind s we red these woes is tht He ws not ddressing ll Phrisees, or ll Scribes. Write in the spce below exctly who Yeshu ws ddressing (from Mtthew 23:13) Woe #1 23:13 Wht brought the first woe? The Greek word for shut up is kleio. It is the sme word used in Reveltion 3:7. Comment on how Reveltion 3:7-9 nd Isih 22:22-25 relte to this verse. Woe #2 23:14 Wht brought the second woe? Comment on how Exodus 22:22-24 nd Jmes 1:27 relte to this verse. 5 Ibid (Mt 23:4-6). 6 In this cse, the issue ws the Phrisic trdition tht sid one could not be considered prt of the community of believers without going through ritul conversion to Judism which included, ceremonil circumcision nd ritul immersion. 31

32 Lesson Four Chpter Twenty-three Woe #3 23:15 Wht brought the third woe? Comment on how Hose 6:6-7 reltes to this verse. Woe #4 23:16 Wht brought the fourth woe? Comment on how Jmes 5:12 nd Deuteronomy 23:21-23 relte to this verse. Woe #5 23:23 Wht brought the fifth woe? Mint, nise, nd cumin re wild plnts. Becuse they re not cultivted, Torh does not require tht they be tithed. The Phrisees were going bove nd beyond which ccounts for nothing compred to wht God hs specificlly commnded. In verse 23, wht re the weightier mtters of the Torh? How does Deuteronomy 27:19 relte to this verse? 32

33 Lesson Four Chpter Twenty-three Woe# 6 23:25 Wht brought the sixth woe? How does Leviticus 6:1-4 relte to this verse? Woe #7 23:27-28 Wht brought the seventh woe? In verse 28 Yeshu sid tht they were full of lwlessness [nomi = or Torh-lessness ]. How is tht possible, if they were so obedient to Torh wht kind of righteousness did they hve? Red Deuteronomy 6:23-24 nd comment. Woe #8 23:29-30 Wht brought the eighth woe? Red nd comment on Jeremih 2: Things were much the sme in some people s lives in the First Century they thought tht they were innocent, nd yet blood ws on their hnds. 33

34 Lesson Four Chpter Twenty-three Bruch Hb b Shem ADONAI! Blessed is He Who comes in the Nme of the LORD! This is wht the disciples hd cried out s Yeshu hd ridden into Jeruslem just dys erlier. At the end of chpter 23, Yeshu mde the sttement tht Jeruslem would see Him no more, until they sy, Blessed is He Who comes in the Nme of the LORD. Red nd comment on Hose 5:15-6:2 might relte to Mtthew 23: As You Finish Beloved, do you believe tht there re consequences for our cllousness nd disobedience? Hs God spoken to you this week bout how some of these issues pply to you? We do not fer the woes of God tht my be bound up in wrth, but our recognition of sin in our lives should still be met with immedite repentnce. Modern Rbbinic Judism is the descendnt of Phrisic Judism. In Yeshu's rebuke, He did not ddress ll Phrisees, so let us use this opportunity to chnge our ttitude bout the Phrisees in generl nd their descendnts tody. Spend some time tody prying for our Jewish brothers nd sisters for their sfety throughout the world. Pry tht they will soon see Messih, nd tht God will bring our King bck soon to reign over ll of us, in His holy city Jeruslem. Soon, nd in our dy. Amen. 34

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