Rachel & Leah: In the Merit of Righteous Women

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1 Rachel & Leah: In the Merit of Righteous Women Source Sheet by Reuven Ibragimov בס"ד 1. Genesis 29:10 בראשית כ ט:י (י) ו י ה י כּ א שׁ ר ר א ה י ע ק ב א ת ר ח ל (10) And it came to pass, when Jacob saw Rachel the daughter of Laban his mother s בּ ת ל ב ן א ח י א מּ וֹ ו א ת צ אן ל ב ן א ח י א מּ וֹ brother, and the sheep of Laban his ו יּ גּ שׁ י ע ק ב ו יּ ג ל א ת ה א ב ן מ ע ל פּ י ה בּ א ר mother s brother, that Jacob went near, and rolled the stone from the well s mouth, and ו יּ שׁ ק א ת צ אן ל ב ן א ח י א מּ וֹ watered the flock of Laban his mother s brother. א. 2. Genesis 29:17 בראשית כ ט:י ז (17)...Rachel was of beautiful form and fair to look upon. (יז)... ו ר ח ל ה י ת ה י פ ת תּאַר ו יפ ת ב. מ ר א ה 3. Features: Heb. אַר.תּ That is the form of the countenance, an expression similar to (Isa. 44: 13) he fixes it א ר הוּ) (י ת with planes ר ד) (ב שׂ, conpas in Old French, outline, shape. complexion: That is the shine of the countenance ג. תאר: הוא צורת הפרצוף לשון (ישעיה מד יג) יתארהו בשרד, קונפ"ס בלע"ז [מחוגה]: מראה: הוא זיו קלסתר: 4. Genesis 29:12 בראשית כ ט:י ב (יב) ו יּ גּ ד י ע ק ב ל ר ח ל כּ י א ח י אָב יה ה וּא ו כ י (12) And Jacob told Rachel that he was her father s brother, and that he was Rebekah s ב ן ר ב ק ה ה וּא ו תּ ר ץ ו תּ גּ ד ל אָב יה son; and she ran and told her father. ד. ה. Bereishit Rabbah 70:13 בראשית רבה ע :י ג.5 (יג) ויגד יעקב לרחל כי אחי אביה הוא וכי In terms of ability to deceive, [he is] the brother of her father. In terms of בן רבקה הוא אם לרמאות, כי אחי אביה righteousness, [he is] the son of Rivka. הוא. ואם לצדיק, וכי בן רבקה הוא. 6. Genesis 29:18 בראשית כ ט:י ח (18) And Jacob loved Rachel; and he said: (יח) ו יּ א ה ב י ע ק ב א ת ר ח ל ו יּ אמ ר א ע ב ד I will serve thee seven years for Rachel שׁ ב ע שׁ נ ים בּ ר ח ל בּ תּ ה קּ ט נּ ה thy younger daughter. ו. רש"י על בראשית כ ט:י ח.b (יח) אעבדך שבע שנים ה ם י מ ים א ח ד ים שׁ אָמ ר ה לוֹ א מּוֹ ו י שׁ ב תּ ע מּוֹ א. Rashi on Genesis 29:18 I WILL SERVE אעבדך שבע שנים (18) THEE SEVEN YEARS These are the few days of which his mother had spoken to him (27:44)): And thou shalt י מ ים א ח ד ים (בראשית רבה); tarry with him a few days. You can see 1/6

2 tarry with him a few days. You can see that this is so, for it is written (v. 20) And they (the seven years) were in his eyes (i.e. according to his view) the few days of which his mother had spoken (Genesis Rabbah 70). Rachel, (literally, for ברחל בתך הקטנה (19) thy daughter, the younger one) What reason was there for mentioning all these detailed descriptions of Rachel? Because he (Jacob) knew that he (Laban) was a deceiver. He said to him, I will serve thee for Rachel : and should you say that I mean any other Rachel out of the street, therefore I say your daughter. Should you say, I will change Leah s name and call her Rachel, I say your younger one. In spite of this, however, all these precautions did not avail, for he did actually deceive him. י מ ים א ח ד ים (בראשית רבה); ו ת ד ע שׁ כ ן הוּא, שׁ ה ר י כ ת יב ו יּ ה יוּ ב ע ינ יו כּ י מ ים א ח ד ים (בראשית כ"ט): (יט) ברחל בתך הקטנה כּ ל ה סּ ימ נ ים ה ל לוּ ל מּ ה? ל פ י שׁ הוּא יוֹד ע בּוֹ, שׁ הוּא ר מּ אי, אָמ ר לוֹ, א ע ב ד ב ר ח ל, ו שׁ מּ א תּ אמ ר ר ח ל א ח ר ת מ ן ה שּׁוּק, תּ ל מוּד לוֹמ ר בּ תּ, ו שׁ מּ א תּ אמ ר אַח ל יף ל ל אָה שׁ מ הּ ו א ק ר א שׁ מ הּ ר ח ל, תּ ל מוּד לוֹמ ר ה קּ ט נּ ה; ו אַף ע ל פּ י כ ן א הוֹע יל, שׁ ה ר י ר מּ הוּ: 7. Genesis 29:11 בראשית כ ט:י א (11) And Jacob kissed Rachel, and lifted up his voice, and wept. (יא) ו יּ שּׁ ק י ע קב ל ר ח ל ו יּ שּׂ א א ת ק ל וֹ ו יּ ב ךּ א. Rashi on Genesis 29:11 ז. רש"י על בראשית כ ט:י א.b AND HE WEPT because he ויבך (11) (יא) ויבך ל פ י שׁ צּ פ ה ב רוּח ה קּ ד ש foresaw by the Holy Spirit that she would ש א ינ הּ נ כ נ ס ת ע מּוֹ ל ק בוּר ה דּ "א not be buried with him in the cave of Machpelah. Another explanation is: he ל פ י שׁ בּ א בּ י ד י ם ר ק נ יּוֹת; אָמ ר wept because he came with empty hands. א ל יע ז ר ע ב ד א ב י א בּ א ה יוּ ב י ד יו He thought: Eliezer, my grandfather s servant, had with him rings, bracelets and נ ז מ ים וּצ מ יד ים וּמ ג דּ נוֹת ו א נ י א ין all good things, whilst I have nothing with בּ י ד י כ לוּם; ל פ י שׁ ר ד ף א ל יפ ז בּ ן me (ib.). This was because Eliphaz Esau s son pursued Jacob by his father s order to ע שׂ ו בּ מ צ ו ת אָב יו אַח ר יו ל ה רגוֹ, kill him, and overtook him. But because ו ה שּׂ יגוֹ, וּל פ י שׁ גּ ד ל א ל יפ ז בּ ח יקוֹ Eliphaz had been brought up on Isaac s lap, (cp. Deuteronomy Rabbah 2) he שׁ ל י צ ח ק, מ שׁ ך י ד יו אָמ ר לוֹ מ ה withheld his hand. He said to him (Jacob), א ע שׂ ה ל צ יווּי שׁ ל א בּ א? אָמ ר לוֹ But what shall I do as regards my father s order? Jacob replied, Take all I י ע ק ב טוּל מ ה שׁ בּ י ד י, ו ה ע נ י ח שׁוּב have and you can say that I am dead for a poor man may be accounted as dead. כּ מ ת: 8. Genesis 29:17 בראשית כ ט:י ז (17) And Leah s eyes were weak... ח. (יז) ו ע ינ י ל א ה ר כּ וֹת... רש"י על בראשית כ ט:י ז.b (יז) רכות שׁ ה י ת ה ס בוּר ה ל ע לוֹת א. Rashi on Genesis 29:17 TENDER She thought she רכות (17) would have to fall to the lot of Esau and she therefore wept continually, because everyone said, Rebekah has two sons, בּגוֹר לוֹ שׁ ל ע שׂ ו וּבוֹכ ה, שׁ ה יוּ ה כּ ל אוֹמ ר ים שׁ נ י ב נ ים ל ר ב ק ה וּשׁ תּ י 2/6

3 everyone said, Rebekah has two sons, Laban has two daughters the elder daughter for the elder son, the younger daughter for the younger son (ib.). אוֹמ ר ים שׁ נ י ב נ ים ל ר ב ק ה וּשׁ תּ י ב נוֹת ל ל ב ן, ה גּ דוֹל ה ל גּ דוֹל ו ה קּ ט נּ ה ל קּ ט ן (בבא בתרא קכ"ג): 9. Genesis 29:25 בראשית כ ט:כ ה (כה) ו י ה י ב בּ ק ר ו ה נּ ה ה וא ל א ה ו יּ אמ ר (25) And it came to pass in the morning that, behold, it was Leah; and he said to א ל ל ב ן מ ה זּ את ע שׂ ית לּ י ה א ב ר ח ל Laban: What is this thou hast done unto me? did not I serve with thee for Rachel? ע ב ד תּ י ע מּ ו ל מּ ה ר מּ ית נ י wherefore then hast thou beguiled me? ט. רש"י על בראשית כ ט:כ ה.b (כה) ויהי בבקר והנה היא לאה אַב ל בּ לּ יל ה א ה י ת ה ל אָה; ל פ י שׁ מּ ס ר י ע ק ב ס ימ נ ים ל ר ח ל; וּכ שׁ ר א ת ה ר ח ל שׁ מּ כ נ יס ין לוֹ ל אָה אָמ ר ה: ע כ שׁ יו תּ כּ ל ם א חוֹת י, ע מ ד ה וּמ ס ר ה ל הּ אוֹת ן ס ימ נ ים (מגילה י"ג): א. Rashi on Genesis 29:25 AND IT CAME ויהי בבקר והנה הוא לאה (25) TO PASS, THAT IN THE MORNING, BEHOLD, IT WAS LEAH But at night it was not Leah (i. e. he failed to recognise that it was Leah) because Jacob had given Rachel certain secret signs by which they could at all times recognise one another, and when Rachel saw that they were about to bring Leah to him for the marriage ceremony, she thought, My sister may now be put to shame, and she therefore readily transmitted these signs to her (Megillah 13 b). Midrash Breishit Rabba 70:19 He said to Leah: Why did you deceive me? Leah answered, Didn't you deceive your father as well, saying, I am Esav, your oldest?" 10. Genesis 29:31 בראשית כ ט:ל א (31) And the LORD saw that Leah was (לא) ו יּ ר א יי כּ י שׂ נוּא ה ל א ה ו יּ פ תּ ח hated, and he opened her womb; but א ת ר ח מ הּ ו ר ח ל ע ק ר ה Rachel was barren. י. 11. Genesis 29:32 בראשית כ ט:ל ב (לב) ו תּ ה ר ל אָה ו תּ ל ד בּ ן ו תּ ק ר א שׁ מ וֹ son, (32) And Leah conceived, and bore a and she called his name Reuben; for she ר אוּב ן כּ י א מ ר ה כּ י ר א ה יי בּ ע נ י י כּ י ע תּ ה said: Because the LORD hath looked upon my affliction; for now my husband י א ה ב נ י א ישׁ י will love me. א. רש"י על בראשית כ ט:ל ב.b Rashi on Genesis 29:32 AND SHE CALLED ותקרא שמו ראובן (32) HIS NAME REUBEN Our Rabbis explained it thus: she said, See (ראו) the יא. (לב) (ותקרא שמו ראובן ר בּוֹת ינוּ פּ ר שׁוּ אָמ ר ה, ר אוּ מ ה בּ ין בּ נ י ל ב ן 3/6

4 explained it thus: she said, See (ראו) the difference between (בין) my son and my father in law s son who himself sold the birthright to Jacob and yet wished to kill him afterwards. This (my son) did not sell it (his birthright) to Joseph (it must be remembered that Joseph being the founder of two tribes was regarded as the first born of Jacob s sons since the eldest son took a double portion in the father s property), yet he did not raise any protest to him being regarded as the first born and not only did he not raise a protest but he even wished to take him out of the pit and so rescue him from death (Berakhot 7b). פּ ר שׁוּ אָמ ר ה, ר אוּ מ ה בּ ין בּ נ י ל ב ן ח מ י שׁ מ כ ר ה בּ כוֹר ה ל י ע ק ב, ו ז ה א מ כ ר הּ ל יוֹס ף, ו א ע ר ע ר ע ל יו, ו א עוֹד שׁ א ע ר ע ר ע ל יו, א לּ א שׁ בּ קּ שׁ ל הוֹצ יאוֹ מ ן ה בּוֹר) (ברכות ז'): 12. Genesis 29:33 בראשית כ ט:ל ג (33) And she conceived again, and bore a (לג) ו תּ ה ר עוֹד ו תּ ל ד בּ ן ו תּ אמ ר כּ י שׁ מ ע יי son; and said: Because the LORD hath כּ י שׂ נוּא ה אָנ כ י ו יּ תּ ן ל י גּ ם א ת ז ה ו תּ ק ר א heard that I am hated, He hath therefore given me this son also. And she called his שׁ מ וֹ שׁ מ ע וֹן name Simeon. יב. 13. Genesis 29:34 בראשית כ ט:ל ד (לד) ו תּ ה ר עוֹד ו תּ ל ד בּ ן ו תּ אמ ר ע תּ ה ה פּ ע ם (34) And she conceived again, and bore a son; and said: Now this time will my י לּ ו ה א ישׁ י א ל י כּ י י ל ד תּ י ל וֹ שׁ שׁ ה ב נ ים husband be joined unto me, because I have borne him three sons. Therefore was his ע ל כּ ן ק ר א שׁ מ וֹ ל ו י name called Levi. א. Rashi on Genesis 29:34 יג. רש"י על בראשית כ ט:ל ד.b THIS TIME WILL MY הפעם ילוה אישי (34) (לד) הפעם ילוה אישי ל פ י HUSBAND BECOME ATTACHED TO שׁ ה א מּ הוֹת נ ב יאוֹת ה יוּ, ו יוֹד עוֹת ME Because the Matriarchs were prophetesses and knew that twelve tribes שׁ י"ב שׁ ב ט ים יוֹצ א ים מ י ע ק ב ו ד' would issue from Jacob and that he would נ שׁ ים י שּׂ א, אָמ ר ה, מ ע תּ ה א ין לוֹ have four wives, she said, From now he will have no fault to find with me, for I פ ת חוֹן פּ ה ע ל י, שׁ ה ר י נ ט ל תּ י כּ ל have assumed my full share in giving him children (cf. Berakhot 60a). ח ל ק י בּ בּ נ ים (ברבות ס'): THEREFORE Wherever in על כן (35) (לה) על כן כּ ל מ י שׁ נּ א מ ר בּוֹ ע ל the case of the names given to Jacob s כּ ן מ רוּבּ ה בּ אוּכ לוּס ין, חוּץ מ לּ ו י sons the word therefore is used, that tribe had a numerous population, Levi שׁ ה אָרוֹן ה י ה מ כ לּ ה בּ ה ם: forming an exception, because the Ark (לו) קרא שמו לוי בּ כ לּ ם כּ ת יב.(71 decimated them (Genesis Rabbah [THEREFORE] WAS HIS קרא שמו לוי (36) ו תּ ק ר א, ו ז ה כ ת ב בּוֹ ק ר א, ו י שׁ NAME CALLED LEVI (literally, he called his name) Of all of them (the מ "א בּ א לּ ה ה דּ ב ר ים ר בּ ה שׁ שּׁ ל ח ה קּ בּ "ה גּ ב ר יא ל ו ה ב יאוֹ ל פ נ יו sons) it is written And she called, but of this one Scripture writes he called! There is a Midrashic statement in ו ק ר א לוֹ שׁ ם ז ה, ו נ ת ן לוֹ כ"ד מ תּ נוֹת כּ הוּנ ה, ו ע ל שׁ ם שׁ לּ וּ הוּ One, Deuteronomy Rabbah that the Holy 4/6

5 Deuteronomy Rabbah that the Holy One, blessed be He, sent Gabriel who brought him (Levi) into His presence. He called him by this name and gave him the twenty four perquisites with which the priesthood was favoured, and because He gave him these perquisites as an accompaniment (לוהו) He called him Levi (accompanied). מ תּ נוֹת כּ הוּנ ה, ו ע ל שׁ ם שׁ לּ וּ הוּ ב מ תּ נוֹת ק ר אוֹ ל ו י: 14. Genesis 29:35 בראשית כ ט:ל ה (לה) ו תּ ה ר ע וֹד ו תּ ל ד בּ ן ו תּ אמ ר ה פּ ע ם (35) And she conceived again, and bore a son; and she said: This time will I praise אוֹד ה א ת י הו ה ע ל כּ ן ק ר א ה שׁ מ וֹ י הוּד ה the LORD. Therefore she called his name Judah; and she left off bearing. ו תּ ע מ ד מ לּ ד ת יד. רש"י על בראשית כ ט:ל ה.b (לה) הפעם אודה שׁ נּ ט ל תּ י יוֹת ר מ ח ל ק י, מ ע תּ ה י שׁ ל י ל הוֹדוֹת: א. Rashi on Genesis 29:35 NOW WILL I PRAISE הפעם אודה (35) [THE LORD] because I have assumed more than my share, from now on I should praise God (ib.). 15. Genesis 30:1 3 בראשית ל :א ג (א) ו תּ ר א ר ח ל כּ י א י ל ד ה ל י ע ק ב ו תּ ק נּ א (1) And when Rachel saw that she bore Jacob no children, Rachel envied her sister; ר ח ל בּ א ח ת הּ ו תּ אמ ר א ל י ע ק ב ה ב ה לּ י and she said unto Jacob: Give me children, or else I die. (2) And Jacob s ב נ ים ו א ם א י ן מ ת ה אָנ כ י (ב) ו יּ ח ר א ף י ע ק ב בּ ר ח ל ו יּ אמ ר ה ת ח ת א ה ים אָנ כ י anger was kindled against Rachel; and he said: Am I in God s stead, who hath א שׁ ר מ נ ע מ מּ פּ ר י ב ט ן (ג) ו תּ אמ ר ה נּ ה withheld from thee the fruit of the womb? א מ ת י ב ל ה ה בּ א א ל יה ו ת ל ד ע ל בּ ר כּ י (3) And she said: Behold my maid Bilhah, go in unto her; that she may bear upon my ו א בּ נ ה ג ם אָנ כ י מ מּ נּ ה knees, and I also may be builded up through her. Ramban, Genesis 30:1 2 According to the simple text, Rachel told Yaakov to give her children, meaning that he should pray to God until He gives her children, for otherwise she would die of sorrow. [Rachel] spoke inappropriately in her envy, and thought that because [Yaakov] loved her so much he would fast and pray and wear sackcloth until God would answer But the prayer of righteous people is not in their control to be answered no matter what. And because she spoke like the whining of beloved women to threaten him with her death, [Yaakov] was angry with her. טו. 5/6

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