Scribal Impact on Textual Transmission. by Israel M. Sandman, UCL. Parma, Biblioteca Palatina 2373, 16b

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1 Scribal Impact on Textual Transmission by Israel M. Sandman, UCL Parma, Biblioteca Palatina 2373, 16b

2 the calculation of those who follow the one who is worshiped, on the basis of which [or: whom] they calculate their holidays (ḤGG and fast (חג / day. Italian Immediate Family; late c 6 MSS. (Abraham Bar Ḥayya, Calendrical work): The 10 th Chapter, on the explication of the calculation of those who are drawn after the teaching of Jesus, on the basis of which [or: whom] they calculate their holidays (חג / (ḤGG and fast day. Byzantine, Italian Family, 14 c; Florence, Medici MS Or the calculation of those who count on the basis of that [one], on the basis of which [or: whom] they calculate their festivals ( YD / (איד and fast day. Ashkenazi c; JTS MS the calculation of the Christians, on the basis of which they calculate their holidays (ḤGG and fast (חג / day. (unidentified Mediterranea n / Islamicate); JTS MS the calculation of those who err after the crucified one - their festivals ( YD / (איד and fast day. Provence 12 c; MS Oxford Bodleian Oppenheimer 183. those who are drawn after the incarnate one, on the basis of whom they calculate their holidays (חג / (ḤGG and fast day. Sephardic; BnF MS heb

3 Diacritics in 4 of 6 members of the Italian Immediate Family: :הנעבד Heb. On the word the one who is worshiped ; Russian National Library, Moscow, Guenzburg 509: BL MS Add : JTS MS 5512: No diacritics: MS BL Or & MS BAV Neofiti 30 BAV MS Urbinati 48:

she became impregnated (CENSORED) (corruption of she immersed ) she conceived she FORNICATED (encoded) שטבלה שנתעברה

4 (Ibid.) [Mary s] pregnancy, which took place during this year from the day upon which ה'' she immersed ITALIAN EXTENED FAMILY she became impregnated (CENSORED) (corruption of she immersed ) she conceived she FORNICATED (encoded) שטבלה שנתעברה שכטלה שהרתה (= שזה 'ד שזנתה ( (STANDARD, including margin of BL Add [& BL Or ?]) MS BL Add BL Or BAV Neofiti 30 = שטבלה) immersed metathesis: was = שבטלה nullified ) JTS 2596; Oxford Opp. 183 JTS 2500 (5 x 10; 4 x 100)

$Ibid. 3:9 Transliterations: March ; Passover / Pasch מרצו \ מארס \ מרס \ מארש \ מארץ... וביום כ"ב ממנו הוא ראש הימים לפסח \ לכסח הנוצרים.$

5 Ibid. 3:9 Transliterations: March ; Passover / Pasch מרצו \ מארס \ מרס \ מארש \ מארץ... וביום כ"ב ממנו הוא ראש הימים לפסח \ לכסח הנוצרים... March Its 22 nd day is the beginning of the days of the Christians Passover / Pascha. Hebrew versions: of... Passover Italian family; BnF heb. 1047; Moscow Guenzburg 406 Ashkenazi family לפסח / L-P-S-Ḥ L-K-S-Ḥ / לכסח (cf.: Cáisc; cutting ) ) ; ( ל? סח / L-?-S-Ḥ JTS

6 Influence of Scribe on Scribe Moscow Guenzburg 509, f. 69a BL Add , f. 57a But how close? Complete direct derivation? Or non-lineal? 6

Images show direct connection between MSS BL Add. 26899, f.

7 Images show direct connection between MSS BL Add , f. 57a Moscow Guenzburg 509, top of f. 68a But: markings by main scribe, or later user? 7

8 Contextualizing the Marginalia: By main scribe or later user? Evidence: Check the ink: 8

Tentative Conclusions on BL Add. 26899 & Moscow Guenzburg 509 Scribe of MS BL Add.

9 Tentative Conclusions on BL Add & Moscow Guenzburg 509 Scribe of MS BL Add consulted and relied mainly on MS Moscow Guenzburg 509 Add scribe consulted other MS(S), too, discerningly 9

10 Paratext (Bar Ḥayyā, Italian Family) BAV Urbinati ebr. 48 Moscow Guenzburg 509 BL Or BL Add Florence Medici 491 BAV Neofiti 30 10

11 Paratextual Scribal Innovation JTS 2500 (15 th century) JTS 2564 (15 th 16 th century): note spacings, dots, variations in lettertype and word-size 11

12 JTS 2564, f. 83a; Note: the final dot is incorrect 12

Not text, but images clarify: CUL Oo. 6.

13 Not text, but images clarify: CUL Oo directly from BL Add שבו נפל במחזור הראשון למנינם. ואני כשרציתי לשום לחשבונם זה עיקר... BL MS Add CUL MS Oo on which it fell in the first cycle of their count. As for me, when I wished to set an epoch for this calculation of theirs, 13

(Continued): Not text but images demonstrate derivation CUL MS Oo. 6.

14 (Continued): Not text but images demonstrate derivation CUL MS Oo BL MS Add ק'י'ב' ק'י'ם' Why not ?ק 'נ ' = 112 = Note extra ב flourish in 14

15 Isaac Israeli, Yesod Olam, MS BL Add MS CUL Oo Lesson 28: Know that every right triangle has a wondrous property: that that perfect square which is constructed on its one side that is the chord of that (the) right angle belonging to it (viz. the hypotenuse), which resembles side BC of the image, is equal in its area to the areas of the two squares, attached as one, which are built on its two remaining sides, resembling the image s side AB and side AC, which enclose the right angle. Blue: not in MS CUL Oo Red: not in MSS CUL & BL Add Lavender: not in MSS BL & CUL or Version 2 of the work למוד כ"ח דע כי כל משולש שהוא בעל זוית נצבת... יש לו סגולה נפלאה... והיא כי המרובע הנכון הבנוי על צלעו האחד שהוא יתר זויתו ההיא הנצבת שהוא כעין צלע ב"ג מהצורה הוא שוה בשטחו לשטחי שני המרובעים מחוברים כאחד הבנוים על שני צלעיו הנשארים החופפים זויתו הנצבת שהם כעין צלע א"ב וצלע א"ג מהצורה.

16 דע כי כל משולש שהוא בעל זוית נצבת... יש לו סגולה נפלאה... והיא כי המרובע הנכון הבנוי על צלעו האחד שהוא יתר זויתו ההיא הנצבת שהוא כעין צלע ב"ג מהצורה הוא שוה בשטחו לשטחי שני המרובעים מחוברים כאחד הבנוים על שני צלעיו הנשארים החופפים זויתו הנצבת שהם כעין צלע א"ב וצלע א"ג מהצורה. Know that every [right triangle] has a wondrous property: that that perfect square which is constructed on its one side that is the chord of that (the) right angle belonging to it (viz. the hypotenuse), which resembles side BC of the image, is equal in its area to the areas of the two squares, attached as one, which are built on its two remaining sides, resembling the image s side AB and side AC, which enclose the right angle. C C A A B MS Oxford Bodleian Pococke 368 B MS BL Add

17 MS Oxford Bodleian Huntington 299, 15a MS BnF heb MS Oxford Bodleian Pococke 368 MS CUL Oo MS BL Add MS Parma Biblioteca Palatina 3165

18 MS CUL Oo. 6.65

19 Why Lines AE & BK? K A G K A G K A G C N B C N B C N B Oxford Bodleian Huntington 299 BnF heb Oxford Bodleian Pococke 368 E L D D E L E L D נוציא קו א'נ'ל' מקביל לקו ב"ד וגם לקו ג"ה ונמשיך קו א"ד וקו ח"ג כמו שהם בצורה. We traject line ANL parallel to line BD and also to line CE. We extend line AD and line GC as they are in the image.

20 MS Oxford Bodleian Huntington 299, 15a MS BnF heb N MS Oxford Bodleian Pococke 368 ( ) ( ) M MS CUL Oo MS BL Add MS Parma Biblioteca Palatina 3165

21 Subgroup MS BL Add MS CUL Oo ונתחיל ונאמר כי בידוע הוא שקו ב'א'ט' הוא קו אחד ישר וכן {הוא} הדין בקו ג'א'ז' שהוא ברור} הוא שזוית א' מ{הצורה הזאת ל}ארבעת צדדיה והאות על זה {א'ע'פ' We begin and say that it is known that line BAH is a single straight line. The same is the rule with line CAF. The sign for this {although it is clear} is that angle A {of this image}, from its four sides, is right. H {Green}: only in MSS BL Add & CUL Oo A F C B

22 Non-Standard Image: Asymmetrical Standard Image: Symmetrical MS BL Add , f. 15b MS BnF heb. 1070, f. 7a 5 6 D C B 5 6 D C... למוד ל'... והמשל לזה הוא כגון נשים ארך קו ב"ג שש אמות וארך קו ג"ד חמש אמות... כמו שהצענו. B גד at six cubits, and the length of line בג Lesson 30: if, for example, we set the length of line at five cubits as we laid out. 22

23 MS BL Add , f. 15b MS CUL MS BnF heb. 1070, f. 7a

24 Tentative Conclusions on CUL Oo & BL Add Usually, scribe of CUL MS Oo entirely follows BL MS Add In some passages, CUL entirely diverges from Add , conforming to other MSS Question: Were images drawn into Add after used by CUL? Synthesis of Conclusions for these cases: One main exemplar is used in scribing a new copy; But with supplementation from other MS(S) 24

Before the Ghettos: Jewish Intellectual Life in Medieval Italy - A View from the Manuscripts

בס"ד Before the Ghettos: Jewish Intellectual Life in Medieval Italy - A View from the Manuscripts Israel M. Sandman University College London Department of Hebrew & Jewish Studies University College London,