THE D-PARTICLE IN TARGUM MALACHI AS INDICATOR OF CONTINUOUS AND HABITUAL ACTION GE LIER ABSTRACT
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1 GE LIER ABSTRACT The d-particle is used both as conjunction and preposition in Aramaic. Common uses of ד as conjunction include its function as relative pronoun (who, which), as determinative pronoun (the one(s) who), to express a causative relation (because) or purpose (so that), before direct speech, in compound conjunctions, with correlatives and as complement to verbs (that). As preposition, it primarily occurs as genitive particle, in split genitive phrases, after numbers or as first element of lexemes. This article investigates the occurrence of the d-particle in Targum Jonathan Malachi where it is repeatedly used in conjunction with the pronoun and participle. In each instance it appears to mark an anticipated and ongoing action. INTRODUCTION David Golomb (985), in A Grammar of Targum Neofiti and Renaud J. Kuty (00) in Studies in the Syntax of Targum Jonathan to Samuel discuss the d-relation in its connection to nouns as genitive particle and in split genitive phrases. However, the d-particle is also widely employed as conjunction and preposition to express various י סג י י ק ר א ד יוי ד א פת י י ת ת ח ום י שר א ל other relationships. For example, at TgJ Ma :5 may the Glory of the LORD increase, who has extended the border of Israel the d- particle is not only used to express the genitive relation in the phrase י ק ר א ד יוי the Glory of the LORD but it also has the function of a relative pronoun in the clause who has extended (cf. also TgJ Ma :7, 3:, and 3:7). Similarly, at TgJ Ma :3 ד א פת י (cf. also TgJ Ma :8) it expresses the demonstrative or compound relative four times: (i) ד א ית ינ א that which/what we have brought Alger, F. Johns (97). A Short Grammar of Biblical Aramaic. Rev. ed. Michigan: Andrews University Press, 6-7; Hans Bauer and Pontus Leander (969). Grammatik des Biblisch- Aramäischen. Hildesheim: Georg Olms Verlag, 85-86; William B. Stevenson (999). Grammar of Palestinian Jewish Aramaic. Eugene, Oregan: Wipf and Stock, -; Franz Rosenthal (974). A Grammar of Biblical Aramaic. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 9, -, 5, 38, 40, 55; Stanislav Segert (990). Altaramäische Grammatik, mit Bibliographie, Chrestomathie und Glossar. Leipzig: Verlag Enzyklopädie, 77, 36-37; David, M. Golomb (985). A Grammar of Targum Neofiti. Chico, CA: Scholars, 4-5, 3-35, 8-9; Caspar Levias (896). A grammar of the Aramaic idiom contained in the Babylonian Talmud: with constant reference to gaonic literature. Cincinatti: Bloch, 3, 39-40, 56; T. J. Marshall (009). Manual of the Aramaic Language of the Palestinian Talmud: Grammar, Vocalized Text, Translation and Vocabulary. Eugene, Oregan: Wipf and Stock, 7-8;
2 (ii) ומ ית ן א ת ון ד א נ יס ודח ג יר ו ד מר יע and you bring that which/what is taken by violence and that which/what is lame and that which/what is sickly. Further, at כ א ש ר י ח מ ל א י ש Mal 3:7 just as a man has pity, the comparative כ א ש ר is rendered in Aramaic as a combination of the d-particle with the interrogative pronoun מ א what to form a temporal clause כ מ א ד ח א יס ג בר א when a man has compassion. 3 There is, nonetheless, a d-relation that to date has not received attention in Targum, namely when ד is employed in conjunction with the pronoun and the participle. This paper investigates the function of this occurrence of the d-particle specifically in the context of Targum Jonathan Malachi. ANALYSIS With regard to the use of the participle in Aramaic, Charles Rufus Brown points out that it is often used with a subject noun or pronoun to express continuance in present or past tense. Franz Rosenthal adds that it may also be employed to indicate continuous and habitual action. 4 Brown furthermore observes that ד was originally used as a mere sign between related words. 5 As such its function is that of a correlator performing the grammatical function of linking words, phrases, and clauses. In TgJ Ma there are several instances where the d-particle is prefixed to a pronoun and followed by a participle, all of which will be discussed below. Each instance of targumic rendering is compared and analysed in relation to its counterpart in the Masoretic text. Daniel Nicolae and Josef Tropper (00). Biblisch-Aramäisch kompakt Lehrbuch mit Übungstexten, Glossar und Paradigmensammlung. Germany: Hartmut Spenner, 3. Darmstadt: Grammatik des jüdisch-palästinischen Aramäisch. כמה ד 3 Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft. 34). 4 Charles Rufus Brown (886). An Aramaic Method, Part, Elements of Grammar. Chicago: American Publication Society of Hebrew, 88; Franz Rosenthal 974. A Grammar of Biblical Aramaic. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 55 77; cf. also Stanislav Segert (990). Altaramäische Grammatik, mit Bibliographie, Chrestomathie und Glossar. Leipzig: Verlag Enzyklopädie, 38[ ]. 5 Charles Rufus Brown (886). An Aramaic Method, Part, Elements of Grammar. Chicago: American Publication Society of Hebrew, 45; cf. also George Benedikt Winer and Horatio B. Hackett (845). Grammar Of The Chaldee Language: As Contained In The Bible And The Targums. New York: Mark M. Newman, 0.
3 Example Mal :6...ו א ם א ב א נ י א י ה כ ב וד י ו א ם א ד ונ ים א נ י א י ה מ ור א י... f a father I am where is my honour and if lords I am where is my fear...ו א ם כ א ב א נ א א ן ד א ת ון מ י ק ר ין ק ד מ י מ ן ק ד מ י ו א ם כ ר ב ון א נ א TgJ Ma :6 א ן ד א ת ון ד ח ל ין מ ן ק ד מ י... are you honouring before me/from before me and if like a master I am where are you fearing TgJ Ma renders the two noun clauses in Mal :6, namely א י ה כ ב וד י where is my א ן ד א ת ון (i) where is my fear with corresponding verb clauses: א י ה מ ור א י honour and where are you fearing. In each א ן ד א ת ון ד ח ל ין (ii) where are you honouring and מ י ק ר ין instance of rendering, ד is prefixed to the personal pronoun א ת ון and followed by a participle to express an anticipated ongoing action. Example Mal :7 And ו א מ ר ת ם ב מ ה ג א ל נ ו ך ב א מ ר כ ם ש ל ח ן י ה ו ה נ ב ז ה ה וא: you say TgJ Ma :7 and if you say despicable is it...ו א ם ת ימ ר ון ב מ א מ ר ח ק בדא ת ון א מ ר ין פ ת ור א ד יוי ב ס יר ה וא When you are saying The table of the LORD, Here TgJ Ma renders the temporal clause ב א מ ר כ ם at Mal :7 with the d-particle prefixed to the personal pronoun א ת ון you followed by the participle א מ ר ין saying in a clause ב דא ת ון א מ ר ין when you are saying; similarly at TgJ Ma :. Mal :7...ו א מ ר ת ם ב מ ה ה וג ע נ ו ב א מ ר כ ם כ ל ע ש ה ר ע ט וב ב ע ינ י י ה ו ה... 3
4 and you say In what have we wearied? When you say Everyone doing evil is good in the eyes of the LORD TgJ Ma :7... ו א ם ת ימ ר ון ב מ א א ה ל ינ א ק ד מ וה י ב דא ת ון א מ ר ין כ ל ד ע ב יד ב יש ת ק ין ק דם יוי... and if you say In what have we wearied before him? When you are saying Everyone who does evil is good before the LORD In all the above three instances, TgJ Ma renders the temporal clause ב א מ ר כ ם in the MT with the d-particle prefixed to a pronoun followed by the participle. The dynamic of TgJ Ma s rendering lies in the fact that it seeks to communicate the people s continuing habit of affronting God. Example 3 Mal :8 ו כ י ת ג ש ון ע ו ר ל ז ב ח א ין ר ע ו כ י ת ג י ש ו פ ס ח ו ח ל ה א ין ר ע And when you offer the blind for sacrifice, it is not evil! And when you offer the lame and sick, it is not evil! TgJ Ma :8 ודא ת ון מ ק ר ב ין ד ע ו יר ל ד ב ח א ה ל א ב י ש ודא ת ון מ ק ר ב ין ד ח ג יר ו ד מר יע ה ל א ב י ש And you are offering what is blind for a sacrifice. Is it not wrong? And you are offering that what is lame and what is sickly. Is it not wrong? Twice, TgJ Ma renders the verb hiphil imperfect ת ג ש ון at Mal :8 with the d-particle prefixed to the personal pronoun א ת ון you followed by the participle מ ק ר ב ין offering thereby placing emphasis on a disrespectful attitude, which becomes manifest through a continuing display of offering bad or blemished animals in sacrifices. Example 4 Mal : and in every place incense is offered to my name וב כ ל מ ק ום מ ק ט ר מ ג ש ל ש מ י TgJ Ma : 4
5 ... ובכ ל ע ד ן ד א ת ון ע ב ד ין ר ע ות י א נ א מ ק ב יל צ ל ות כ ון... you are doing TgJ Ma renders the hophal participle מ ג ש is offered at Mal : with the d-particle prefixed to the personal pronoun א ת ון and followed by a participle ב ד ין.ע The force of the rendering lies in its emphasis on persistent obedience. Example 5 Mal :3 ו ז את ש נ ית ת ע ש ו כ ס ות ד מ ע ה א ת מ ז ב ח And this again you do: you cover the altar of Jehovah with tears TgJ Ma :3: ו ד א ת ני נ ות ד א ת ון ע ב ד ין ח פ ת ד מע ת א י ת מ דב ח א ד יוי And this again you are doing: with tears you cover the Here also, the targumic rendering of the verb qal imperfect ת ע ש ו you do at Mal :3 comprising the d-particle prefixed to the pronoun א ת ון you followed by the participle ע ב ד ין doing seeks to underscore an ongoing tiresome action. Example 6 Ma 3:... ופ ת א ם י ב וא א ל ה יכ ל ו ה א ד ון א ש ר א ת ם מ ב ק ש ים ומ ל א ך ה ב ר ית א ש ר א ת ם ח פ צ ים... and suddenly he will come to his temple; the Lord, whom you are seeking and the messenger of the covenant whom you are desiring TgJ Ma 3:... וב תכ יף י יע ול ל ה יכ ל יה ר ב ונ א ד א ת ון ב ע ן ומ לא ך ק י מ א ד א ת ון צ ב ן ב יה... he will come to his temple: the LORD you are seeking and the messenger of the covenant in whom you are delighting At Mal 3: the participle is twice used in conjunction with the pronoun to express continuing positive action. This perspective is sustained in the targumic translation א ת ם ח פ צ ים you are seeking and א ת ם מ ב ק ש ים of the verse whereby the two clauses 5
6 you are delighting are in each instance rendered with the d-particle prefixed to the personal pronoun א ת ון followed by a participle, respectively ד א ת ון ב ע ן you are seeking and ד א ת ון צ ב ן you are delighting. CONCLUSION In all of the above examples, TgJ Ma makes correlative use of the d-particle prefixed to the personal pronoun, followed by the participle in order to convey the interpretive aspect of an ongoing anticipated action. In the same, the prefixed d- particle is repeatedly employed in a consistent manner to translate dissimilar arrangements in the Masoretic text including noun clauses, temporal clauses, verb hiphil imperfect, verb hophal participle, verb qal imperfect and pronoun plus participle. It may therefore be proposed that in TgJ Ma the prefixed d-particle to a pronoun followed by a participle has the function to mark an ongoing anticipated action. The same feature may be observed from numerous instances throughout Targum Jonathan to the Prophets where the d-particle in combination with a pronoun and participle consistently acts as marker for an ongoing anticipated/predicted action. BIBLIOGRAPHY Bauer, H & Leander, P (969). Grammatik des Biblisch-Aramäischen. Hildesheim: Georg Olms Verlag. Brown, C F (886). An Aramaic Method, Part, Elements of Grammar. Chicago: American Publication Society of Hebrew. Dalman, G (960). Grammatik des jüdisch-palästinischen Aramäisch. Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft. Golomb, D M (985). A Grammar of Targum Neofiti. Chico, CA: Scholars. Johns, A F (97). A Short Grammar of Biblical Aramaic. Rev. ed. Michigan: Andrews University Press. Kuty, R J (00). Studies in the Syntax of Targum Jonathan to Samuel. Ancient Near Eastern Studies Supplement Series 30. Leuven: Peeters. 6
7 Nicolae, D & Tropper, J (00). Biblisch-Aramäisch kompakt Lehrbuch mit Übungstexten, Glossar und Paradigmensammlung. Germany: Hartmut Spenner. Marshall, T J (009). Manual of the Aramaic Language of the Palestinian Talmud: Grammar, Vocalized Text, Translation and Vocabulary. Wipf and Stock: Eugene, Oregan. Rosenthal, F (974). A Grammar of Biblical Aramaic. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz. Segert, S (990). Altaramäische Grammatik, mit Bibliographie, Chrestomathie und Glossar. Leipzig: Verlag Enzyklopädie. Stevenson, WmB (999). Grammar of Palestinian Jewish Aramaic. West Broadway: Wipf and Stock. Winer, G B & Hackett, H B (845). Grammar Of The Chaldee Language: As Contained In The Bible And The Targums. New York: Mark M. Newman. Ezekiel :5 TAR( ב ית י שר א ל ודא ת ון מ ה רה ר ין )Ezekiel 0:3 TAR( ) ו שר ת ע ל י ר ו ח נ ב וא ה מ ן ק ד ם יוי ו א מ ר ל י א מ ר כ דנ ן א מ ר יוי כ ין א מ רת ון ודא ת ון מ ה רה ר ין ו ד סל יק ת ע ל ל ב כ ון ק ד מ י ג לי ן כ ע מ מ י א כ ז רע י ת מ ד ינ ת א ל ש מ ש א א ע א ו א בנ א )Zechariah 7:6 TAR( ל כ ון א ת ון ש ת ן ו ד סל יק ת ע ל ל ב כ ון ק ד מ י ג לי ן ד א ת ון א מ ר ין נ ה י ודא ת ון א כ ל ין ודא ת ון ש ת ן ה ל א ל א יט ב א ל כ ון א ת ון א כ ל ין ולא יט ב א )Isaiah : TAR( ד א ת ון א ת ן ל א ת חז א ה ק ד מ י מ ן ת ב ע ד א מ י דכ ון ל מ ית י ל א ת ד ו ש ון ע זר ת י TAR( )Isaiah :9 א ר י ת ב הת ון מ א יל נ י ט ע ו ת א ד ח מ ידת ון ו ת תכ נע ון מ ג נ יא ך ט ע ו ת א ד א ת ון מ סת י ע ין ב ה ון מיבלין א ת ון ומ ית ן TAR( )Isaiah 3:5 מ א ל כ ון ד א ת ון מ מ סכ נ ין י ת ע מ י ו א פ י ח ש יכ י א מ וב ל ין ב ד ינ ה ון א מ ר יוי א לה ימ צ ב א ות TAR( )Isaiah 7:3 ו א מ ר ש מ ע ו כ ע ן ב ית ד ו יד ה ז ע יר לכון ד א ת ון מ הל ן י ת נ ב י י א א ר י ת הל ון א ף י ת פ תג מ י א ל ה י TAR( )Isaiah 8:9 ו א ר י י ימ ר ון ל כ ון ע מ מ י א ד א ת ון ב ינ יה ון ת ב ע ו מ ן ב ד ין ומ ן ז כ ור ו ד מנ צ פ ין ו ד מנ ה מ ין ה ל א כ ין א ור ח ע מ מ י א פ ל ח י ט ע ו ת א ע מ א מ ן ט ע ות יה ת ב ע ין ח י י א מ ן מ ית י א 7
8 TAR( )Isaiah : א מ ר נ ב י א א ית א ג ר ל צ ד יק י א ו א ית פ ורע נ ו ל ר ש יע י א א ם ת י ב ין א ת ון ת וב ו ע ד ד א ת ון י כ ל ין ל מת ב TAR( )Isaiah :4 ל א פ י צ ה י א פ וק ו ג יד ונ ין ל מ י א ד י ת ב ין ב א ר ע ד ר ומ א מ מ א ד א ת ון א כ ל ין ז מ ינ ו ל מע ר ק י א TAR( )Isaiah 8:5 א ר י א מ רת ון ג ז רנ א ק י ם ע ם ק טל א ו ע ם מ ח ב ל א ע ב דנ א ש ל מ א מ ח ת ס נ א ה א ר י ת ית י ע ל יכ ון כ נח ל מ ג ב ר ד א ת ון א מ ר ין ל א ת ית י ע ל נ א א ר י ש ו ינ א ב כד ב ר וחצ נ נ א ובג ין ש ק ר ין ובג ין 3 ש קר ין א יט מ רנ א TAR( )Isaiah 3:0 ט וב יכ ון צ ד יק י א ע ב דת ון ל כ ון ע וב ד ין ע ב ד ין ט ב ין ד א ת ון ד מ ן ל דז ר ע ין ע ל ש קי א ד מ ש ל ח ין מ ש ל ח ין ל א דר כ א ב ת ור י א ולמ כנ ש ב חמ ר י א )Isaiah 40:8 TAR( ק ד מ וה י ולמ ן ולמ א א ת ון ת ד מ ן מ ד מ ן ל מד ן ק ד ם א ל ומ א ד מ ות ד א ת ון מ ס ד ר ין TAR( )Isaiah 43: א נ א ח ו ית י ל א בר ה ם א ב וכ ון מ א ד ע ת יד ל מ ית י א נ א פ ר ק ית י ת כ ון מ מ צר י ם כ מ א ד ק י ימ ית ל יה ב ין ב תר י א א נ א א שמ ע ית י ת כ ון א ולפ ן א ור ית י מ ס ינ י ו ע ד ד א ת ון ק יי מ ין ו ל ית ב כ ון נ וכר י ו א ת ון ס ה ד ין ק ד מ י א מ ר יוי ו א נ א א ל ה א TAR( )Isaiah 49:6 ו א מ ר ה ז ע יר ל כ ון ד א ת ון מ תק ר ן ע בד י ל א ק מ א י ת ש בט י י ע ק ב ו ג ל ו ת י שר א ל ל א ת ב א ו א ת נ ינ ך ל נ יה ור ע מ מ ין ל מ הו י פ ורק נ י ע ד ס י פ י א רע א TAR( )Isaiah 49:8 כ דנ ן א מ ר יוי ב ע ד ן ד א ת ון ע ב ד ין ר ע ות י א נ א מ ק ב יל צ ל ות כ ון ובי ום ע ק א א נ א מ ק ים פ רק ן וסע יד ו ס ע יד ל כ ון ו א ת ק נ ינ ך ו א ת נ ינ ך ל קי ם ע ם ל א ק מ א צ ד יק י א ד ש כ ב ין ע פר א ל א חס נ א י ר ות ן ד צ די ן Isaiah 55:6 TAR( ) ת ב ע ו ד חל ת א ד יוי ע ד ד א ת ון ח י ין ב ע ו מ ן ק ד מ וה י ע ד ד א ת ון ק יי מ ין TAR( )Jeremiah 7:4 ו א ע ב יד ל ב ית א ד א תק ר י ש מ י ע ל וה י ד א ת ון ר ח יצ ין ב יה ולא תר א ד יה ב ית ל כ ון ו ל א ב ה ת כ ון כ מ א ד ע ב ד ית ל ש יל ו TAR( )Jeremiah 0: ד נ א פ ר ש ג ן א ג רת א ד י ש ל ח י רמ י ה נ ב י א ל ו ת ש א ר ס ב י ג ל ות א ד בב ב ל דבבל ד א ם ואם י ימר ון ל כ ון ע מ מ י א ד א ת ון ב ינ יה ון פ ל ח ו ל ט ע ו ת א ב ית י שר א ל כ ד ין בין 3 כן ת ת יב ון ת ת יב ון וכד ין ת ימ ר ון ל ה ון להום ט ע ו ן ד י א ת ון ד א ת ון פ ל ח ין ל ה ון ט ע ו ן ד ל ית ב ה ון צ ר וך א נ ין מ ן ש מ י א ל א י כ ל ן ל א ח ת א מ טר א ומ ן א רע א ל א י כ ל ן ל צ מ ח א פ יר ין ]אילין[ א ינ ין ופ ל ח יה ון י יב ד ו מ א רע א מן ארעא ו י שת יצ ון מ ן ת ח ות ש מ י א א ל ין מ ת ח ות TAR( )Jeremiah :4 כ ד נ ן א מ ר יוי א ל ה א ד י שר א ל ה א נ א מ סח ר י ת מ נ י ק ר ב א ד בי דכ ון ד א ת ון מ ג יח ין ק ר ב א ב ה ון ע ם מ לכ א ד ב ב ל ו ע ם כ סד א י ד צ י ר ין ע ל יכ ון מ ב ר א ל ש ור א ו א כ נ י ש י ת כ ון יתהון ל ג ו ק רת א ה ד א 8
9 TAR( )Jeremiah 9:8 א ר י כ דנ ן א מ ר יוי צ ב א ות א ל ה א ד י שר א ל ל א י טע ון ל כ ון נ ב י יכ ון ד ש קר א ד ש קר י א ד ב ינ יכ ון ו ק ס מ יכ ון ו ל א ת ק ב ל ון מ ן ח ל מ י ח למ יכ ון ד א ת ון מ חל מ ין TAR( )Jeremiah 3:6 א ר י א ית א ר יכ ות י ומ י א ו ס ג י ט וב א ד ע ת יד ל מ ית י ל צ ד יק י א ד נט ר ו א ור ית י מ ל ק דמ ין ח ול ק ה ון ב א רע א ד י שר א ל ד ה ו ו והוו מ ח מ ד ין ל שנ י נ ח מ ת א ד א תי ן דאתון א מ ר ין דאמרין א מ ת י נ ק ום ו נ יס ק ל צ י ון ו נ ת חז י ק ד ם יוי א ל ה נ א )Jeremiah 3:36 TAR( וכע ן ב כ ין ה ד א ד א ת ון א מ ר ין א תמ ס ר ת ב י ד מ לכ א כ ד נ ן א מ ר יוי א ל ה א ד י שר א ל ע ל ק רת א לקרתא בידא דמלכא ד ב ב ל ב ח רב א ובכ פנ א ובמ ות א TAR( )Jeremiah 3:43 ו י זד ב נ ון ח קל ין ב א רע א ה ד א ד א ת ון א מ ר ין צ די א ה יא מ ב ל י א נ ש א אנ ש ובע יר א א תמ ס ר ת ב יד א ד כ סד א י TAR( )Jeremiah 33:0 כ דנ ן א מ ר יוי ע וד י שת מ ע ב א תר א ה ד ין ד א ת ון א מ ר ין ח ר וב ח ר וב ה וא מ ב ל י א נ ש א אנ ש ומ ב ל י ב ע יר א ב ק רו י א ד ב ית י ה וד ה וב ש וק י י ר ו של ם ד צ ד י ן ויצדיין מ ב ל י א נ ש א אנ ש ומ ב ל י י ת יב ומ ב ל י ב ע יר א TAR( )Jeremiah 35:7 וב ית א ל א ת בנ ון ו ז רע א ל א ת זר ע ון ו כ רמ א ל א ת צ ב ון ו ל א י ה י ל כ ון א ר י ב מ שכ נ ין ת ית ב ון כ ל י ומ יכ ון ב ד יל ד ת תק י מ ון י ומ ין ס ג יא ין ע ל א פ י א רע א ד א ת ון ד י ר ין ת מ ן Jeremiah 4: TAR( ) ל א ת דח ל ון מ ן ק ד ם מ לכ א ד ב ב ל ד א ת ון ד ח ל ין מ ן ק ד מ וה י ל א ת דח ל ון 3 מ נ יה א מ ר יוי א ר י ב ס עד כ ון מ ימ ר י ל מ פר ק י ת כ ון ול ש יז ב א י ת כ ון מ ן י ד יה י ד וה י י ד וה י TAR( )Jeremiah 4:6 ותה י ח רב א ד א ת ון ד ח ל ין מ נ ה ת מ ן ת דב יק י ת כ ון ב א רע א ד מ צר י ם ו כ פנ א ד א ת ון י צ פ ין מ נ יה ת מ ן י דב יק ב ת ר יכ ון ל מ צר י ם במצרים 3 בארעא 3 דמצרים ו ת מ ן 3 ת מ ות ון ימותון ימותון Jeremiah 44:8 TAR( ) ל א רג ז א ק ד מ י ב ע וב ד י י ד יכ ון ל א ס ק א ב וסמ ין ל ט ע ו ת ע מ מ י א ב א רע א ד מ צר י ם ד א ת ון א ת ן ל א ת ות ב א ת מ ן ב ד יל ל ש יצ א ה ל כ ון ולח ס וד ין ב כ ל ע מ מ י א רע א יתכון ובד יל למ הו יכ ון ל ל וט א TAR( )Ezekiel 6:3 ו ת ימ ר כ דנ ן א מ ר יוי א לה ים ל י ת ב י י ר ו של ם ת ות ב ות כ ון ו י ל ד ות כ ון וילדותהון מ א ר ע מארעא כ נ ע נ א י כ נ ע נ א ה ת מ ן א תג ל ית י ע ל א בר ה ם א ב וכ ון ב ין ב תר י א ו ה וד עת יה ד א ת ון דתהון נ ח ת ין ל מ צר י ם וב דר ע מ ר מ ם א נ א פ ר יק י ת כ ון וב זכ ות א ב ה ת כ ון א נ א מ ת ר יך מ ן ק ד מ יכ ון י ת א מ ור א י ומ ש יצ י י ת ח ת א י TAR( )Ezekiel 8: מ א ל כ ון ד א ת ון מ ת ל ין י ת מ תל א ה ד ין ע ל א רע א ד י שר א ל ל מ ימ ר א ב ה ת א ח ט ן ובנ י א ל ק ן TAR( )Ezekiel 0:9 ו א מ ר ית ל ה ון מ א ב מ ת א ד א ת ון א ת ן ל א שת ט א ה ת מ ן ו א תק ר י ש מ ה ב מ ת א ע ד י ומ א ה ד ין 9
10 TAR( )Ezekiel 0:3 ודא ת ון מ ה רה ר ין ו ד סל יק ת ע ל ל ב כ ון ק ד מ י ג לי ן ד א ת ון א מ ר ין נ ה י כ ע מ מ י א כ ז רע י ת מ ד ינ ת א ל ש מ ש א א ע א ו א בנ א TAR( )Haggai :4 ה כ ד ין כ ש ר ל כ ון ד א ת ון י ת ב ין ב ב ת י א ד מט ל ל ין ב כ י ור י א רז י א וב ית מ קד ש א ה ד ין ח ר וב 0
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