Revelation Lesson 13. Revelation 13:1-18

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1 Revelation Lesson 13 Revelation 13:1-18 In the last lesson John saw the image of the woman who gave birth which symbolized Israel giving birth to Jesus Christ. We then saw how that event led to the beginning of the second half of the tribulation and the war in heaven in which Satan and his angels were cast to the earth. Satan and his angels then pursued the woman and her offspring (spiritual Israel of the first half of the Tribulation) into the desert to destroy them, but God protected them and swallowed up the demonic army sent against them. Since he couldn t touch them, Satan went off to make war against the rest of her offspring those who obey God s commandments and hold to the testimony of Jesus. In this chapter we are introduced to the beast of Revelation. Revelation 13:1a And the dragon stood on the shore of the sea. And I stood upon the sand of the sea. In the first part of this verse we encounter the problem that there is a difference between the Alexandrian manuscripts and the manuscript of Textus Receptus. I generally use the NIV translation as my base English translation. It has its advantages and disadvantages. One of its great disadvantages is that it uses the Alexandrian manuscripts which were only discovered in the 19 th Century at the St. Catherine s Monastery in Egypt. Although that manuscript may be the oldest extant manuscript of the New Testament in existence, that does not make it the most accurate manuscript in existence. In fact there is much evidence to point to the fact that the Alexandrian manuscript survived being used to pieces because it was a copy that was full of inaccuracies and omissions. In every other instance where I have found a difference between the Alexandrian and Textus Receptus manuscripts I have always found that the evidence points to a careless copyist of the Alexandrian text. Because of that I have substituted the King James Version translation here which is translated from the Textus Receptus manuscript. Here, in John s vision, he was no longer in heaven before the throne as he was in Chapter 11. Instead he was standing on the sand of the sea. The question is, Why the sand of the sea? As always the best answer comes from looking up to see if the sand of the sea is significant in scripture. It has two meanings in scripture. On the one hand, it is sometimes used as a figure of speech to denote a large number. On the other hand, in a prophetic context, the phrase 1 / 22

2 concerns God s promise to save a remnant or seed for Himself. He first made this promise to Abraham in Genesis: Genesis 22:17 I will surely bless you and make your descendants seed [ a] as numerous as the stars in the sky and as the sand on the seashore. It is also used in that context five other times. [b] I think that is the sense in which it is used in verse 1. The sand of the sea is Israel. The image John sees presented how Satan would come against those believers who were not in the refuge in the desert and protected by God from harm. The rest of her offspring would be those who will believe in the second half of the Tribulation. Ground zero for that second generation of believers would be Jerusalem where Moses and Elijah will be seen to rise from the dead and ascend into heaven. So the seashore of Israel would be the scene where John was standing in the vision. Revelation 13:1b And I saw a beast coming out of the sea. Daniel 9 seems to indicate that this personality is the leader of a latter day revival of the Roman Empire: Daniel 9:26 After the sixty-two sevens, the Anointed One will be cut off and will have nothing. The people of the ruler who will come will destroy the city and the sanctuary. 2 / 22

3 The ruler who will come is the beast of Revelation 13. The people who destroyed Jerusalem and the Temple after the sixty-two sevens in 70 AD were the Romans. This leads to the conclusion that the beast will be the ruler of some form of the Roman Empire. Of course we must keep in mind that in 70 AD, the Roman Empire stretched all the way from Morocco, Spain and England on the west to Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and Egypt on the east. If the beast is the leader of the revived Roman Empire, as indicated by Daniel 9 this may speak of him leading an incursion into Israel from Europe by sea just after the death of the two witnesses. Revelation 13:1c He had ten horns and seven heads, with ten crowns on his horns, and on each head a blasphemous name. This beast has a similar form as the dragon who is Satan of the previous chapter [c] in that he has ten horns and seven heads. However, he isn t a dragon. We know from comparing Revelation 19:20 with Revelation 20:2 that the beast and Satan are separate identities. There are four beasts in prophecy with ten horns which relate to the end times. They are this beast, the fourth beast in Daniel 7:7, the dragon in Revelation 12:3, and the scarlet beast Revelation 17:3-8 on which the woman rides. The general form of ten horns and seven heads seems to relate to the world system through which the opposition to God (fallen angels, politicians, and religion) will operate. It is the world system which will be used by Satan (the dragon) and his human proxies (this beast). The rest of Chapter 13 outlines the campaign of this beast. This beast represents the world system of empire that arises at that point, and more precisely, its leader, who is the brain of that Empire. To more fully understand Revelation, we need to look now at the Old Testament view of this beast as he is presented in Daniel 7. There, he is known as the little horn. In the passage Daniel had a dream. 3 / 22

4 Daniel 7:1-6 In the first year of Belshazzar king of Babylon, Daniel had a dream, and visions passed through his mind as he was lying on his bed. He wrote down the substance of his dream. Daniel said: In my vision at night I looked, and there before me were the four winds of heaven churning up the great sea. [d] Four great beasts, each different from the others, came up out of the sea. The first was like a lion, and it had the wings of an eagle. [e] I watched until its wings were torn off and it was lifted from the ground so that it stood on two feet like a man, and the heart of a man was given to it. [f] And there before me was a second beast, which looked like a bear. It was raised up on one of its sides, [g] and it had three ribs [h] in its mouth between its teeth. It was told, Get up and eat your fill of flesh! After that, I looked, and there before me was another beast, one that looked like a leopard. And on its back it had four wings like those of a bird. This beast had four heads, [i] and it was given authority to rule. The beasts represented the world systems that dominated the world between the end of the destruction of Judah in Daniel s time, and the coming of Christ. The first three figures described here represented Babylon, Persia, and Greece. The last beast represented the Roman Empire. A form of that empire will be revived during the Tribulation during which the Jewish nation will also have been revived. You will notice shortly that the characteristics of the first three beasts (the lion, the leopard, and the bear) will also be reflected in the beast of John s vision. It resembled a leopard, feet like a bear and mouth like a lion (verse 2). Daniel 7:7 After that, in my vision at night I looked, and there before me was a fourth beast--terrifying and frightening and very powerful. It had large iron teeth; it crushed and 4 / 22

5 devoured its victims and trampled underfoot whatever was left. It was different from all the former beasts, and it had ten horns. As you can see, this beast had ten horns, just like the beast in Revelation 13. That is because it refers to the same thing. Remember, horns always refer to power or authority. One may notice that this list of world powers that controlled Judah is by no means all inclusive. It does not include the Arabs or the Turks who controlled the land of Israel for most of the last 1400 years. That is because the Empires in view were only those which pertained to Judah from Daniel s time until Judah ceased to exist as a nation group early in the second century (the Bar Kochba revolt). They did not begin to exist again until the establishment of a new Jewish state in So, these four empires are really a comprehensive list, even though they leave out almost fourteen hundred years of world history. Continuing in Daniel 7: Daniel 7:8 While I was thinking about the horns, there before me was another horn, a little one, which came up among them; and three of the first horns were uprooted before it. This horn had eyes like the eyes of a man and a mouth that spoke boastfully. As Revelation 17 informs us, the ten heads are ten kings: Revelation 17:12 The ten horns you saw are ten kings who have not yet received a kingdom, but who for one hour will receive authority as kings along with the beast. Evidently, the little horn is one of the kings who arises 5 / 22

6 and takes the power of three of the others. That is why the beast is presented as having seven heads, but ten horns and crowns. One of the heads will usurp the power of three of the others and will be given the preeminence by the other six. This is the human emissary of Satan, who he will use to try to kill the other offspring of the woman. The rest of the Daniel passage fixes this prophecy firmly in the end times: Daniel 7:9-14 As I looked, thrones were set in place, and the Ancient of Days took his seat. His clothing was as white as snow; the hair of his head was white like wool. [j] His throne was flaming with fire, and its wheels were all ablaze. [k] A river of fire [l] was flowing, coming out from before him. Thousands upon thousands attended him; ten thousand times ten thousand stood before him. The court was seated, and the books were opened. Then I continued to watch because of the boastful words the horn was speaking. I kept looking until the beast was slain and its body destroyed and thrown into the blazing fire. [m] (The other beasts had been stripped of their authority, but were allowed to live for [n] a season and a time. [o] ) In my vision at night I looked, and there before me was one like a son of man, coming with the clouds of heaven. [p] He approached the Ancient of Days and was led into his presence. He was given authority, glory and sovereign power; all peoples, nations and men of every language worshiped him. [q] His dominion is an everlasting dominion that will not pass away, and his kingdom is one that will never be destroyed. Daniel 2 gives us another image of the beast when Daniel was interpreting the following dream of King Nebuchadnezzar. 6 / 22

7 Daniel 2:31-35 You looked, O king, and there before you stood a large statue--an enormous, dazzling statue, awesome in appearance. The head of the statue was made of pure gold, its chest and arms of silver, its belly and thighs of bronze, its legs of iron, its feet partly of iron and partly of baked clay. While you were watching, a rock was cut out, but not by human hands. [r] It struck the statue on its feet of iron and clay and smashed them. Then the iron, the clay, the bronze, the silver and the gold were broken to pieces at the same time and became like chaff on a threshing floor in the summer. [s] The wind swept them away without leaving a trace. But the rock that struck the statue became a huge mountain and filled the whole earth. This was Daniel s interpretation of the dream. Daniel 2:40-45 Finally, there will be a fourth kingdom, strong as iron--for iron breaks and smashes everything--and as iron breaks things to pieces, so it will crush and break all the others. Just as you saw that the feet and toes [t] were partly of baked clay and partly of iron, so this will be a divided kingdom; yet it will have some of the strength of iron in it, even as you saw iron mixed with clay. As the toes were partly iron and partly clay, so this kingdom will be partly strong and partly brittle. And just as you saw the iron mixed with baked clay, so the people will be a mixture and will not remain united, any more than iron mixes with clay. In the time of those kings, the God of heaven will set up a kingdom that will never be destroyed, nor will it be left to another people. It will crush all those kingdoms [u] and bring them to an end, but it will itself endure forever. This is the meaning of the vision of the rock cut out of a mountain, but not by human hands--a rock that broke the iron, the bronze, the clay, the silver and the gold to pieces. The great God has shown the king what will take place in the future. The dream is true and the interpretation is trustworthy. 7 / 22

8 You will notice that the prophecy goes beyond emphasizing the feet of the fourth kingdom and emphasizes the toes. Since this is the statue of a man there are ten toes of the final empire on which it stands. These speak of the ten crowns (or kings) of Revelation (Revelation 17:12) and of Daniel 7 (Daniel 7:7). Daniel 9 also gives us further details of the activities of the little horn, of Daniel 7, who in Daniel 9 is called the ruler who will come. Daniel 9:26-27 After the sixty-two sevens, the Anointed One will be cut off and will have nothing. The people of the ruler who will come [v] will destroy the city and the sanctuary. The end [w] will come like a flood: War will continue until the end, and desolations have been decreed. He will confirm a covenant impose a treaty with the many [x] for one seven. In the middle of the seven he will put an end to sacrifice and offering. And on a wing [of the temple] [y] he will set up an abomination that causes desolation, until the end that is decreed is poured out on him. [z] 8 / 22

9 It is at the midpoint of the seven that the two witnesses, Moses and Elijah, will be killed. The sacrifice and offering which are stopped here may be in the nature of the New Testament sacrifices and offerings described below: Romans 12:1 Therefore, I urge you, brothers, in view of God s mercy, to offer your bodies as living sacrifices, holy and pleasing to God this is your spiritual act of worship. Ephesians 5:1-2 Be imitators of God, therefore, as dearly loved children and live a life of love, just as Christ loved us and gave himself up for us as a fragrant offering and sacrifice to God. What seems to be described here is that after the death and resurrection of the two witnesses, the Beast will invade Israel and Jerusalem and put a stop to public Christianity. The two witnesses with their powerful ability to call down destruction will be gone. So also will be their converts who will be in the desert under the LORD s protection. This will be an attempt to destroy any further propagation of the faith. From this we can imply that this ruler will arise very early in the Tribulation, and impose a treaty on the world. He is the one, who is closely allied with the beast out of the Abyss, who kills the two witnesses in Jerusalem. As soon as their power is destroyed, he will come against Israel and all the believers that he can find. At the beginning of the second half of the Tribulation, he will ban true worship of the LORD in Jerusalem and set up an image in 9 / 22

10 Jerusalem. Paul also records something of the little horn in 2 Thessalonians. There, he is called the man of lawlessness. John also mentions him in 1 John and calls him the antichrist. 2 Thessalonians 2:3-4 Don t let anyone deceive you in any way, for that day will not come until the rebellion forsaking [aa] occurs and the man of lawlessness is revealed, the man doomed to destruction. He will oppose and will exalt himself over everything that is called God or is worshiped, so that he sets himself up in God s temple, proclaiming himself to be God. 1 John 2:18 Dear children, this is the last hour; and as you have heard that the antichrist is coming, even now many antichrists have come. This is how we know it is the last hour. Now we can continue to study Revelation 13 with a lot better basis on which to interpret the passage. Revelation 13:2a The beast I saw resembled a leopard, but had feet like those of a bear and a mouth like that of a lion. 10 / 22

11 These were the three animals used in Daniel 7 to symbolize the first three great world kingdoms and represented the world system in their day. Revelation 13:2b The dragon gave the beast his power and his throne and great authority. Satan himself is the power behind this world system. Although we know that he has influenced world powers up to that time by having permanent princes or ambassadors working to affect world leaders (Daniel 10), then when he will have been thrown down from Heaven, he will be personally involved through the little horn (Antichrist or Man of Lawlessness). Because the little horn is the ruling head of the beast (the world system), he is sometimes referred to as just the beast as in the end of verse 4. Revelation 13:3-4 One of the heads of the beast seemed to have had a fatal wound, but the fatal wound had been healed. The whole world was astonished and followed the beast. Men worshiped the dragon because he had given authority to the beast, and they also worshiped the beast and asked, Who is like the beast? Who can make war against him? The head of the beast that is wounded is the little horn or ruler of the world. He will then be healed miraculously. We must always understand Satan can also perform miracles. If the human race can perform miracles of science and medicine, you can rest assured that Satan and his angels, who are a higher form of creation than we are, can do the same. The response 11 / 22

12 will be the world-wide worship of Satan through the beast. It will be partly because of the miracle, and partly because of the beast s great power. Revelation 13:5 The beast was given a mouth to utter proud words [bb] and blasphemies and to exercise his authority for forty-two months. This authority without check of the beast lasts for the second half of the Tribulation or 42 months. He will assume this power at the same time that the two witnesses are killed and Satan is thrown out of heaven. Revelation 13:6 He opened his mouth to blaspheme God, and to slander his name and his dwelling place and those who live in heaven. Perhaps this refers to not only slandering God, but also explaining away and telling lies about the Rapture, and how those saints were taken up to Heaven. 12 / 22

13 Revelation 13:7a He was given power to make war against the saints and to conquer them. The saints referred to here are those who will have believed since the departure of the two witnesses and the departure of the believers of the first half of the Tribulation to protection in the desert. Many of the new believers will believe through the Testimony of the 144,000 who we will see revealed in the next chapter. Revelation 13:7b-8 And he was given authority over every tribe, people, language and nation. All inhabitants of the earth will worship the beast all whose names have not been written in the book of life belonging to the Lamb that was slain from the creation of the world. During the time that the beast has this expanded power, he will be Satan s instrument to destroy the new believers. There will be only two systems of worship; the worship of Satan and the worship of Christ. The Greek verb translated written here is the perfect tense of γράφω {graf'-o}. The perfect tense in Greek corresponds to the perfect tense in English, and describes an action which is viewed as having been completed in the past, once and for all, not needing to be repeated. Names inscribed forever in the book of life are made eternal by faith (Psalm 87:6, Malachi 3:16). Other names are blotted out (Exodus 32:33, Psalms 69:28, Revelation 3:4) This being written in the Book of life belonging to the Lamb describes to us Biblical predestination or election. Those written in the book are predestined because Jesus, the Lamb 13 / 22

14 of God was predestined to save all those who are in His book, or in Him. We will study more about the Book of Life in Revelation 20. Revelation 13:9-10 He who has an ear, let him hear. If anyone is to go into captivity, into captivity he will go. If anyone is to be killed with the sword, with the sword he will be killed. [cc] This calls for patient endurance and faithfulness on the part of the saints. During this time, the saints or believers who believe in the second half of the Tribulation will be killed and imprisoned. They will not be protected as believers had been in the first half. In the meantime, the believers from the first half will still be protected by the power of God in the desert. Revelation 13:11 Then I saw another beast, coming out of the earth (or land). [dd] He had two horns like a lamb, but he spoke like a dragon. [ee] Here we see the appearance of the third member of the diabolic trinity of the Tribulation (Satan, the beast, and the false prophet) whose symbolic image takes the form of a lamb. He is also known as the false prophet. He is said to look like a lamb (the image of Christ) yet speak the word of a dragon (the image of Satan). Clearly, he takes the truth and turns it into a lie, just like Satan did in the Garden. We can see practitioners of this art form all around through history, 14 / 22

15 but he will be the greatest of all. Notice that the first beast came out of the sea (as from the direction of Rome), and the second from the earth (as from the land itself). This is one reason that some speculate that the first beast is a foreign ruler, and the second is a native Jew. It might be reasonably speculated that he presents himself as the true messiah of the Jews. Revelation 13:12-13 He exercised all the authority of the first beast on his behalf, and made the earth and its inhabitants worship the first beast, whose fatal wound had been healed. Evidently, the false prophet is the one who seems to perform the miraculous healing of the little horn or beast. He is the high priest and teacher of the new religion. Revelation 13:13-14a And he performed great and miraculous signs, even causing fire to come down from heaven to earth in full view of men. Because of the signs he was given power to do on behalf of the first beast, he deceived the inhabitants of the earth. Like Moses and Elijah, whom he will replace in Jerusalem, he will perform miracles. Men will gladly accept the authority of his miracles where they had rejected the authority of the miracles of the two witnesses, because he will tell men what they want to hear. 15 / 22

16 Revelation 13:14b-15 He ordered them to set up an image in honor of the beast that was wounded by the sword and yet lived. He was given power to give breath to the image of the first beast, so that it could speak and cause all who refused to worship the image to be killed. At this point the false prophet will set up an image. This image is also called the abomination of desolation in Daniel 9. That passage and 2 Thessalonians 2:3-4 indicate that the image will be set up in Jerusalem. We studied both passages earlier in this lesson. I believe the image will probably be erected on the Temple mount on the wing that overlooks the Western Wall or wailing wall in Jerusalem, the site that is the holiest in Judaism today. It was part of the last Temple as it was part of what was called in the New Testament the temple courts. Here I will point out that, unlike some, I don t believe that the Temple has to be reconstructed before end times prophecy can be fulfilled. Revelation 13:16-17 He also forced everyone, small and great, rich and poor, free and slave, to receive a mark [ff] on his right hand or on his forehead, so that no one could buy or sell unless he had the mark, which is the name of the beast or the number of his name. Many have taken this literally. In earlier days they thought it meant something like a tattoo or branding. These days they think it means an imbedded computer chip. I think we can understand what this means by what the Bible usually means when it mentions names or things on the head or hand. It means the thinking (head) or the labor (hand) is devoted to what that name or thing represents. Here, it is the worship of man (the beast) as God. Just two verses later, Revelation speaks of the 144,000 witnesses having his name and his Father s name written on their foreheads. Later, in Revelation 22:4, it says of the servants of God They will 16 / 22

17 see his face, and his name will be on their foreheads. Yet I have heard no one suggest that these have a computer chip imbedded in their foreheads. The meaning of the usage is also suggested in the following Old Testament passages: Exodus 13:9 This observance (Passover) will be for you like a sign on your hand and a reminder on your forehead that the law of the LORD is to be on your lips. Deuteronomy 6:6-8 These commandments that I give you today are to be upon your hearts. Impress them on your children. Talk about them when you sit at home and when you walk along the road, when you lie down and when you get up. Tie them as symbols on your hands and bind them on your foreheads. Revelation 13:18 This calls for wisdom. If anyone has insight, let him calculate the number of the beast, for it is man s number. His number is 666. Six is the number of man, because it was on the sixth day that man was created (Genesis 1:26-31). Three is the number of the Trinity of God. Three sixes stands for man as God, and the continuation of Satan s lie to man - Genesis 3:5 For God knows that when you eat of it your eyes will be opened, and you will be like God. It also mirrors Satan s own original sin Isaiah 14:14 I (Satan) will ascend above the tops of the clouds; I will make myself like the Most High. It is not insignificant that the only other individual associated with the number 666 was King Solomon (1 Kings 10:14, 2 Chronicles 9:13). That, however, is another story. 17 / 22

18 [a] The Hebrew word is [r"z < {zeh' rah} which is in the singular and means seed and means one descendant, not many descendants. The apostle Paul in Galatians makes it clear that the singular is important: Galatians 3:16 The promises were spoken to Abraham and to his seed. The Scripture does not say and to seeds, meaning many people, but and to your seed, meaning one person, who is Christ. [b] Also: Genesis 32:12 But you have said, I will surely make you prosper and will make your descendants like the sand of the sea, which cannot be counted. Jeremiah 33:22 I will make the seed of David my servant and the Levites who minister before me as countless as the stars of the sky and as measureless as the sand on the seashore. Hosea 1:10 Yet the Israelites will be like the sand on the seashore, which cannot be measured or counted. In the place where it was said to them, You are not my people, they will be called sons of the living God. Isaiah 10:22 Though your people, O Israel, be like the sand by the sea, only a remnant will return. Hebrews 11:12 And so from this one man, and he as good as dead, came descendants as numerous as the stars in the sky and as countless as the sand on the seashore. [c] Revelation 12:3 Then another sign appeared in heaven: an enormous red dragon with seven heads and ten horns and seven crowns on his heads. [d] The term the great sea usually refers to the Mediterranean (Numbers, Joshua, Ezekiel). [e] The lion was a symbol of Babylon, especially in Nebuchadnezzar's time, when the Ishtar 18 / 22

19 Gate entrance was adorned with yellow lions. [f] Perhaps this is speaking of the experience of Nebuchadnezzar when he was humbled from his arrogance. [g] One side of the bear was higher than the other suggesting the unequal partnership of Media and Persia (Persia dominated). [h] Some have speculated that the bear refers to Persia and that the three ribs refers to three Kingdoms it defeated, which were the Babylonians, the Egyptians, and the Lydians. The bear is only used symbolically in scripture one other place, Revelation 13:2, where the bear, lion, and leopard are combined in the one beast. [i] The leopard speaks of speed of conquest of Alexander and the Greeks. The four heads speak the four generals of Alexander who divided the Kingdom. [j] See Revelation 1:14. [k] See Ezekiel 1 where the throne of God is associated with wheels. I think the wheels speak of the omnipresence of God. [l] Fire speaks of refinement and judgment (Isaiah 48:10). [m] Revelation 19:20 also records this destiny of the beast. [n] This tells us that these other kings will not share the same fate as the beast. It only says that they will live for a season and a time after the judgment of the beast. Some of them may repent and be saved. Some of them may not repent and live only a short season (days or 19 / 22

20 hours) afterward. This may be why two measures are given, a season, and a time. [o] This is the literal translation. [p] Jesus refers to this passage in His trial before the Sanhedrin and it enraged them (Mark 14:61-62, Luke 22:69). [q] Only God is to be worshipped (Psalms 148:13). The Pharisees of Jesus day had ample reason to understand that the Messiah, this son of man, could only be the Son of God. This verse is only one of many. [r] It is important to remember that the first tablets of the Law that Moses destroyed because of the sin of Israel in the wilderness were also cut out of the rock, but not by human hands: Exodus 31:18 When the LORD finished speaking to Moses on Mount Sinai, he gave him the two tablets of the Testimony, the tablets of stone inscribed by the finger of God. This helps us to understand that the tables of the law in the Ark of the Covenant stood for the life of Jesus Christ. [s] This seems to confirm that the Lord s return will be on the Day of Atonement in the height of summer. The Aramaic word here is ט י ק {kah' yat} which is related to the Hebrew word ץ י ק {kah' yits} which means harvest time or summer. [t] It is worth noting that just as there are ten toes, there will be ten kings (leaders) of the Revived Roman Empire. [u] This verse is referred to by Jesus: Matthew 21:42-44 Jesus said to them, Have you never read in the Scriptures: The stone the builders rejected has become the capstone; the Lord has done this, and it is marvelous in our eyes? Therefore I tell you that the kingdom of God will be taken away from you and given to a people who will produce its fruit. He who falls 20 / 22

21 on this stone will be broken to pieces (Isaiah 8:14), but he on whom it falls will be crushed (Daniel 2:44). [v] The beast of Revelation 13:1. [w] This is speaking of the last seven years, year 484 to 490 of the age of Israel. Then the events of the Tribulation will burst like a flash flood out of the mountains of Judea. [x] The question is: Who are the many? Some have interpreted this as speaking of a treaty between Israel and the country of the beast. I believe it refers to a treaty with the rest of the world by which they recognize the beast s Supreme authority, hence the number 666 on every man s hand and forehead (Revelation 13:16-18). [y] The term of the Temple does not even occur in the original. This insertion may have been added because some translator reasoned that 2 Thessalonians 2:3-4 indicates that the image of the beast (Revelation 13:15) will be located at the site of the Temple. [z] I far prefer Webster s translation of this last sentence. And for the overspreading of abominations, he shall make [it] desolate, even until the consummation, and that determined, shall be poured upon the desolate. [aa] Literally in the Greek the word is "B@FJ"F4" {ap-os-tas-ee'-ah} which means to stand away from, or a forsaking. Considering what we know about this occasion from 2 Thessalonians 2:7b it seems likely this is speaking of the Rapture, when Church and the Holy Spirit forsake the world for a time rather than the world forsaking God. The world has forsaken God long since. [bb] See Daniel 7:8 [cc] This is very similar to Jeremiah 15:2 and Jeremiah 43: / 22

22 [dd] The Greek could be translated springing forth from the land, [ee] This beast is called the false prophet in Revelation 16:13. He looks like a lamb (poses as the Messiah), but speaks like a dragon (is actually the agent of Satan). [ff] The Greek word here is cavragma which is more at inscription or stamp. The name of the lamb, by contrast is gravfw written. 22 / 22

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