The Book of Leviticus: Be Holy for God is Holy

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1 The Book of Leviticus: Be Holy for God is Holy Copyright Cecilia Perh 2008

2 Book Key Idea The Nation The People God s Character God s Role God s Command Genesis Beginnings Chosen Prepared Powerful, Sovereign Creator Let there be! Exodus Redemption Delivered Redeemed Merciful Deliverer Let My people go! Leviticus Worship Set Apart Taught Holy Sanctifier Be holy Numbers Wandering Directed Tested Just Sustainer Go in! Deuteronomy Renewed Covenant Made Ready Re-taught Loving Lord Rewarder Obey! Copyright Cecilia Perh 2008

3 Genesis ORIGINS of the nation THEOCRACY BORN Leviticus in the Pentateuch Exodus DELIVERANCE of the nation THEOCRACRY ESTABLISHED COVENANT IS AMPLIFIED Keep my covenant to be a peculiar treasure: Kingdom of priests holy nation (Exodus 19:5-6) Leviticus LIFE of the nation LAWS ARE PRESCRIBED which if a man do, he shall live in them: I am the LORD (Lev. 18:5) Numbers TEST of the nation Deuteronomy REMINDERS to the nation THEOCRACY TESTED AND PREPARED FOR THE NEW HOME Irvin L. Jensen, p 102 (Jensen s Survey of the OT) Copyright Cecilia Perh 2008

4 Genesis Human Effort and Failure Word of Promise A People Chosen God s Electing Mercy Revelation of Nationality Exodus Redemption and Deliverance Building the Tabernacle A People Called God s Power Displayed Historical Beginning of Israel as a Nation Pardon / Salvation God s Approach to Man Man s Guilt A Great Act Exodus Divine Power and Triumph Work of Fulfillment A People Called God s Electing Manner Realization of Nationality Leviticus Sanctification and Cleansing Serving in the Tabernacle A People Consecrated God s Holiness Displayed Legislative Beginning of Worship in Israel Purity / Sanctification Man s Approach to God Man s Defilement A Long Process Copyright Cecilia Perh 2008

5 Key Verses: 17:11; 11:45 LEVITICUS Sanctification Sacrifice Sanctification in the Promised Land Sanctification by the Priests and Feasts Sanctification in Relationships Sanctification through Blood Sanctification by the Day of Atonement Sanctification by Personal Purity Ministry of Priests in Offerings Two Compulsory Offerings / Review of the 5 Offerings Three Voluntary Offerings Holy Vows Holy Justice Holy Times Holy Priests Holy People Atonement Laws of Purity Laws of Consecration of Priests Laws of Offering :8-10:20 1:1-6:7 The Way to God The Walk with God How to Approach a Holy God How to Walk with a Holy God Worship Walk Access to God by Sacrifice Fellowship with God by Obedience I the LORD your God am holy You shall be holy Location: at Mount Sinai / Duration: ONE MONTH Theme: Holiness (11:45; 19:2). It teaches that one must approach a holy God on the basis of sacrifice and priestly mediation, and that one can only walk with a holy God on the basis of sanctification and obedience. God s chosen people must approach Him in a holy manner. Purpose: 1) to show Israel how to live as a priestly kingdom and a holy nation in fellowship with God 2) to provide a guide for wosrhip, a law code and a handbook on holiness for the priests 3) to reveal God s grace as He accepts the death of a substitute as Copyright Cecilia Perh 2008 payment for the penalty of sin Author: Moses Leviticus states 56 times in 27 chapters that Yahweh imparted these laws to Moses (see 1:1; 4:1; 6:1,24; 8:1; ; also see Matt 8:2-4 and Lev 14:1-4; Matt 12:4 and Lev 24:9; see also Luke 2:22) Date: orally given c.1444 BC beginning with the first Passover (Ex 12:2), the tabernacle was completed 1 year later (Ex 40:17). Leviticus begins in the first month of the second year (cf. Num 1:1 which begins with the second month). Moses could have put it in its final form before his death in Moab, about 1405 BC

6 I. Laws Pertaining to Sacrifice (Leviticus 1:1 7:38) A. Legislation for the Laity (1:1 6:7) 1. Burnt offerings (chap. 1) 2. Grain offerings (chap. 2) 3. Peace offerings (chap. 3) 4. Sin offerings (4:1 5:13) 5. Trespass offerings (5:14 6:7) B. Legislation for the Priesthood (6:8 7:38) 1. Burnt offerings (6:8 13) 2. Grain offerings (6:14 23) 3. Sin offerings (6:24 30) 4. Trespass offerings (7:1 10) 5. Peace offerings (7:11 36) 6. Concluding remarks (7:37-38) II. Beginnings of the Priesthood (Leviticus 8:1 10:20) A. Ordination of Aaron and His Sons (chap. 8) B. First Sacrifices (chap. 9) C. Execution of Nadab and Abihu (chap. 10) John F MacArthur III. Prescriptions for Uncleanness (Leviticus 11:1 16:34) A. Unclean Animals (chap. 11) B. Uncleanness of Childbirth (chap. 12) C. Unclean Diseases (chap. 13) D. Cleansing of Diseases (chap. 14) E. Unclean Discharges (chap. 15) F. Purification of the Tabernacle from Uncleanness (chap. 16) IV. Guidelines for Practical Holiness (Leviticus 17:1 27:34) A. Sacrifice and Food (chap. 17) B. Proper Sexual Behavior (chap. 18) C. Neighborliness (chap. 19) D. Capital/Grave Crimes (chap. 20) E. Instructions for Priests (chaps. 21, 22) F. Religious Festivals (chap. 23) G. The Tabernacle (24:1 9) H. An Account of Blasphemy (24:10 23) I. Sabbatical and Jubilee Years (chap. 25) J. Exhortation to Obey the Law: Blessings and Curses (chap. 26) K. Redemption of Votive Gifts (chap. 27) Copyright Cecilia Perh 2008

7 The book of Leviticus is God s manual for His people on how to approach Him and live pleasing in His sight. In the experience of the Israelites, encamped on Mount Sinai, the laws of Leviticus were the guideposts which they needed for life on the wilderness journey ahead, and for settling in Canaan. The key command, Ye shall be holy, pervades the book, revealing something of the awesome message which God always wants all His people to hear and obey. (Irving Jensen). Meandering through Leviticus Copyright Cecilia Perh 2008

8 This book was given to Israel for direction in living as a holy nation in fellowship with a holy God. It was a code of law for the total well-being of Israel physical, moral, and spiritual. Sacrifice, ceremony, ritual, liturgy, instructions, washings, convocations, holy days, observances, conditions, and warnings crowd this book. All of these physical exercises were given to teach spiritual truths. Paul states that these things were our examples (1 Corinthians 10:6). (J Vernon McGee). Sacrifice and Law Copyright Cecilia Perh 2008

9 Sacrifice is a key theme in Leviticus its meaning, origin, motives and purposes, and types. The basic principle of law undergirds all of the book of Leviticus. As the law was our schoolmaster unto Christ, the whole sacrificial system was intended to point out that Lamb of God, Christ Jesus, who takes away the sin of the world. In reading over this book, this point should be kept particularly in view, as without this spiritual reference no interest can be excited by a perusal of the work. (Adam Clarke) Why Study Leviticus Copyright Cecilia Perh 2008

10 Though sacrifices and ceremonies can be no ground or foundation to build upon that is, though we can prove naught with them yet when we have once found Christ and His mysteries, then we may borrow figures, that is to say, allegories, similitudes, and examples, to open Christ, and the secrets of God hid in Christ, even unto the quick: and can declare them more lively and sensibly with them than with all the words of the world. For us it gives the direction to God and instructions for spiritual worship. Worship would take on a new meaning if the average Christian properly appreciated the contents of this book. Worship for us today is no longer by ritual or in a specific place. Tyndale, Prologue into the Third Book of Moses Leviticus reveals Christ Copyright Cecilia Perh 2008

11 It teaches that one must approach a holy God on the basis of sacrifice and priestly mediation, and that one can only walk with a holy God on the basis of sanctification and obedience. God s chosen people must approach Him in a holy manner. I the LORD your God am holy (Ch 1-10) You shall be holy (Ch 11-27) Theme of Leviticus Copyright Cecilia Perh 2008

12 The message is twofold: 1. Leviticus teaches that the way to God is by sacrifice. The word atonement occurs 45 times. For the life of the flesh is in the blood; and I have given it to you upon the altar to make an atonement for your souls; for it is the blood that maketh an atonement for the soul. (Leviticus 17:11) Atonement means to cover up. The blood of bulls and goats did not actually take away sin. It covered over until Christ came to take away our sins (Romans 3:25). The Message of Leviticus Copyright Cecilia Perh 2008

13 2. Leviticus teaches that the walk with God is by sanctification. The word holiness occurs 87 times. And ye shall be holy unto me; for I, the LORD, am holy, and have separated you from other people, that ye should be mine. (Leviticus 20:26) God gave strict laws governing the diet, social life, and daily details involving every physical aspect of the lives of His people. These laws have a greater spiritual application to His people today. Access to God is secured for the sinner through the shed blood of Christ (Hebrews 9:25, 26). Those redeemed by the blood of Christ must live a holy life if they are to enjoy and worship God. The Message of Leviticus Copyright Cecilia Perh 2008

14 The Burnt Offering (Lev 1) The Grain Offering (Lev 2) The Peace Offering (Lev 3) An Offering by Fire (Lev 1:9,13,17; 2:2,3,9,10,11,16; 3:3,5,9,11,14,16; 5:12; 6:17; 7:5,25,30; 8:21,28; 10:12,15; 22:22,27; 23:8,13,18,25,27, 36; 24:7) Copyright Cecilia Perh 2008

15 Note on An Offering By Fire. Fire was regularly the way by which God revealed Himself to His servants. Consider the smoking furnace and the flaming torch of Genesis 15.17; the burning bush of Exodus 3.2; the pillar of fire which led them and was on the tabernacle (Exodus 13.21; 40.34, 38; and on through the wilderness journey); the fire on Sinai (Exodus 19.18; 24.17). See also Deuteronomy 4.11, 12, 15, 33, 36; 5.4-5, 22-26; 9.10, 15; It is therefore very probable that the continually burning flame of the golden lampstand in the Holy Place, the fire on the incense altar and the continually burning fire on the bronze altar of whole burnt offering were also intended to be symbolic of God s presence, a dim representation of the glory that they pleaded not to have to behold in full. Thus to burn strange fire before Yahweh, fire not appointed by Him, was a heinous offence punishable instantly by death. It did not adequately represent Him (Leviticus ; Numbers 3.4; 26.61). It would seem reasonable therefore that the consumption of things by fire in a holy setting would be seen as God taking them to Himself, for as we shall see it occurs not only on the altar, but whenever holy things are finally dealt with in a holy setting, and in Judges the angel of Yahweh ascended to God in the flame of the altar when the flame went upwards,

16 burning and offering up the whole burnt offering and the grain offering. An offering by fire was thus one that on the whole went directly to God, while His priests were also to be maintained from a portion of them, The priests the Levites, and all the tribe of Levi, shall have no part nor inheritance with Israel. They shall eat the offerings of Yahweh made by fire, even His inheritance (rightful due) (Deuteronomy 18.1). Fire also dealt with those things that God devoted to Himself in judgment (compare Deuteronomy 4.24) for Him to do with as He wanted. They were to pass from the sphere and control of this world into His control. Notice the continual emphasis on permanence. It was not just a matter of destruction. Consider Sodom and Gomorrah (Genesis 19.24); the idolatrous city (Deuteronomy 13.16); the cities of Midian taken to avenge Yahweh (Numbers 31.3, 10); Jericho (Joshua 6.24); Aaron s sons when they offered strange fire (Leviticus ); the men who complained against and displeased Yahweh (Numbers ); the leading men who claimed equality of holiness with the priests and blasphemously offered incense, the company of Korah (Numbers 16.35; 26.10); Achan (Joshua 7.15, 25); all idols ( Deuteronomy 7.5, 25; 9.21; 12.3); His people when they become idolatrous (Deuteronomy 32.22). The fire of Gehenna and the lake of fire are equally symbols of God s final dealing in judgment.

17 This chapter is concerning the sinoffering, which was properly intended to make atonement for a sin committed through ignorance, I. By the priest himself (Lev_4:1-12). Or, II. By the whole congregation (Lev_4:13-21). Or, III. By a ruler (Lev_4:22-26). Or, IV. By a private person (Lev_4:27, etc.). Matthew Henry on Leviticus 4 Copyright Cecilia Perh 2008

18 1 Then the LORD spoke to Moses, saying, 2 "Speak to the sons of Israel, saying, 'If a person sins unintentionally in any of the things which the LORD has commanded not to be done, and commits any of them, Leviticus Chapter 4 - The Sin Offering

19 A. The procedure for the Sin Offering. 1. (1-2) The purpose of the Sin Offering. a. If a person sins unintentionally: The idea is not so much of an accidental sin, but of a sin committed by a person who basically loves God. The contrast to an unintentional sin is to sin presumptuously (Numbers 15:30). Literally, this was to sin with a high hand. There was no atonement available for the one whose heart was so defiantly turned against the LORD in presumptuous sin. If your heart wasn t turned towards the LORD, then all the animals in the world sacrificed on your behalf did you no good.

20 3 if the anointed priest sins so as to bring guilt on the people, then let him offer to the LORD a bull without defect as a sin offering for the sin he has committed. 4 And he shall bring the bull to the doorway of the tent of meeting before the LORD, and he shall lay his hand on the head of the bull, and slay the bull before the LORD. 5 Then the anointed priest is to take some of the blood of the bull and bring it to the tent of meeting, 6 and the priest shall dip his finger in the blood, and sprinkle some of the blood seven times before the LORD, in front of the veil of the sanctuary. 7 The priest shall also put some of the blood on the horns of the altar of fragrant incense which is before the LORD in the tent of meeting; and all the blood of the bull he shall pour out at the base of the altar of burnt offering which is at the doorway of the tent of meeting. Leviticus Chapter 4 - The Sin Offering

21 8 And he shall remove from it all the fat of the bull of the sin offering: the fat that covers the entrails, and all the fat which is on the entrails, 9 and the two kidneys with the fat that is on them, which is on the loins, and the lobe of the liver, which he shall remove with the kidneys 10 (just as it is removed from the ox of the sacrifice of peace offerings), and the priest is to offer them up in smoke on the altar of burnt offering. 11 But the hide of the bull and all its flesh with its head and its legs and its entrails and its refuse, 12 that is, all the rest of the bull, he is to bring out to a clean place outside the camp where the ashes are poured out, and burn it on wood with fire; where the ashes are poured out it shall be burned. Leviticus Chapter 4 - The Sin Offering

22 A. The procedure for the Sin Offering. 2. (3-12) The sin offering for a priest. a. If the anointed priest sins, bringing guilt on the people: If a priest needed a sin offering made on his behalf, a bull had to be sacrificed on his behalf, with the priest identifying with the victim through the laying on of hands. i. The presence of a separate ritual of cleansing for the sin of the priest shows that they had a great accountability before the LORD and were, in a sense, judged according to a stricter measure. b. Sprinkle some of the blood seven times before the LORD, in front of the veil of the sanctuary: The blood of this bull was applied to the veil in the tabernacle of meeting, to the altar of incense, and to the altar of sacrifice outside the tabernacle. i. Sin is an offense against the holiness of God, and so the veil guarding His holy presence must receive sacrificial blood. ii. Sin affects our prayer life, and so the altar of incense representing the prayers of God s people must receive sacrificial blood. iii. Sin makes our atonement necessary, so the altar of the burnt offering - the place of atonement - must receive sacrificial blood.

23 A. The procedure for the Sin Offering. 2. (3-12) The sin offering for a priest. c. He shall take from it all the fat of the bull as the sin offering: The fatty portions of the animal were offered to God. In this, the best was once again dedicated to God after the blood covered the sin. d. The bull's hide and all its flesh... burn it on wood with fire: The valuable hide and the meat of the bull were burnt outside the camp, along with the worthless portions of the bull. It could not be offered to God, but it was burned as if it were a worthless thing. i. All selfish motives had to be removed in the sin offering. If a priest brought the offering, the whole offering had to be destroyed. If a non-priest brought the offering, the priest could eat of it, but not the one bringing the sacrifice. You couldn t bring a sin offering because you wanted meat or leather, but only because you wanted to get right with God. This emphasized the idea that there is no benefit to our sin. ii. Paul expressed this attitude of heart in Philippians 3:7-8: But what things were gain to me, these I have counted loss for Christ. Yet indeed I also count all things loss for the excellence of the knowledge of Christ Jesus my Lord, for whom I have suffered the loss of all things, and count them as rubbish, that I may gain Christ.

24 13 'Now if the whole congregation of Israel commits error, and the matter escapes the notice of the assembly, and they commit any of the things which the LORD has commanded not to be done, and they become guilty; 14 when the sin which they have committed becomes known, then the assembly shall offer a bull of the herd for a sin offering, and bring it before the tent of meeting. 15 Then the elders of the congregation shall lay their hands on the head of the bull before the LORD, and the bull shall be slain before the LORD. 16 Then the anointed priest is to bring some of the blood of the bull to the tent of meeting; 17 and the priest shall dip his finger in the blood, and sprinkle it seven times before the LORD, in front of the veil. Leviticus Chapter 4 - The Sin Offering

25 18 And he shall put some of the blood on the horns of the altar which is before the LORD in the tent of meeting; and all the blood he shall pour out at the base of the altar of burnt offering which is at the doorway of the tent of meeting. 19 And he shall remove all its fat from it and offer it up in smoke on the altar. 20 He shall also do with the bull just as he did with the bull of the sin offering; thus he shall do with it. So the priest shall make atonement for them, and they shall be forgiven. 21 Then he is to bring out the bull to a place outside the camp, and burn it as he burned the first bull; it is the sin offering for the assembly. Leviticus Chapter 4 -The Sin Offering

26 A. The procedure for the Sin Offering. 3. (13-21) The sin offering for the whole congregation of Israel. a. If the whole congregation of Israel sins unintentionally: The procedure was the same as the sin offering on behalf of a priest, except that the elders of the congregation laid their hands on the head of the bull, representing the nation.

27 22 'When a leader sins and unintentionally does any one of all the things which the LORD God has commanded not to be done, and he becomes guilty, 23 if his sin which he has committed is made known to him, he shall bring for his offering a goat, a male without defect. 24 And he shall lay his hand on the head of the male goat, and slay it in the place where they slay the burnt offering before the LORD; it is a sin offering. 25 Then the priest is to take some of the blood of the sin offering with his finger, and put it on the horns of the altar of burnt offering; and the rest of its blood he shall pour out at the base of the altar of burnt offering. 26 And all its fat he shall offer up in smoke on the altar as in the case of the fat of the sacrifice of peace offerings. Thus the priest shall make atonement for him in regard to his sin, and he shall be forgiven. Leviticus Chapter 4 - The Sin Offering

28 A. The procedure for the Sin Offering. 4. (22-26) The sin offering for a ruler of the people. a. When a ruler has sinned: The procedure was similar to, yet distinct from the offering for a priest or the nation at large. The sacrificial victim was a male goat, and the blood was only applied to the altar of burnt offering, and the fat was burnt on the altar - as in the peace offering. i. According to Leviticus 6:24-30, the rest of the animal was available for the priest.

29 27 'Now if anyone of the common people sins unintentionally in doing any of the things which the LORD has commanded not to be done, and becomes guilty, 28 if his sin, which he has committed is made known to him, then he shall bring for his offering a goat, a female without defect, for his sin which he has committed. 29 And he shall lay his hand on the head of the sin offering, and slay the sin offering at the place of the burnt offering. 30 And the priest shall take some of its blood with his finger and put it on the horns of the altar of burnt offering; and all the rest of its blood he shall pour out at the base of the altar. 31 Then he shall remove all its fat, just as the fat was removed from the sacrifice of peace offerings; and the priest shall offer it up in smoke on the altar for a soothing aroma to the LORD. Thus the priest shall make atonement for him, and he shall be forgiven. Leviticus Chapter 4 - The Sin Offering

30 32 'But if he brings a lamb as his offering for a sin offering, he shall bring it, a female without defect. 33 And he shall lay his hand on the head of the sin offering, and slay it for a sin offering in the place where they slay the burnt offering. 34 And the priest is to take some of the blood of the sin offering with his finger and put it on the horns of the altar of burnt offering; and all the rest of its blood he shall pour out at the base of the altar. 35 Then he shall remove all its fat, just as the fat of the lamb is removed from the sacrifice of the peace offerings, and the priest shall offer them up in smoke on the altar, on the offerings by fire to the LORD. Thus the priest shall make atonement for him in regard to his sin which he has committed, and he shall be forgiven. Leviticus Chapter 4 - The Sin Offering

31 A. The procedure for the Sin Offering. 5. (27-35) The sin offering for a common man or woman. a. If anyone of the common people sins unintentionally: This was the same procedure for a ruler of the people, except that a female goat or a lamb could be offered instead of a male goat. b. Then the priest shall burn it on the altar, according to the offerings made by fire to the LORD: Again, presumably, the rest of the animal was available for the priest. This meant that the sin offering for a civil ruler or common man was lest costly than the sin offering for a priest or the nation as a whole, and that the only profit a priest could gain from his own sin offering was spiritual, not material.

32 First Kind: Man/Priest sins, bringing guilt on the people Second Kind: The whole community sins unintentionally which escape their notice at first but later becomes known Aim: Atonement for sins that are forbidden in the LORD s commands (Lev 4) As a type of Christ, who is the sinless lamb who obtained redemption through His sacrifice for our sins Copyright Cecilia Perh 2008

33 Copyright Cecilia Perh 2008

34 Copyright Cecilia Perh 2008

35 Copyright Cecilia Perh 2008

36 Note (The Sin Offering): 1. For the Second to Fourth Kind, the Bible does not specify whether the covering of the liver and the kidneys are burnt with the fat on the altar. But according to the context, it is believed that the procedure for handling four kinds of sin should be the same. 2. The First and Second Kinds must not be eaten, it must be burnt (Lev 6:29-30). Copyright Cecilia Perh 2008

37 Copyright Cecilia Perh 2008

38 This chapter, and part of the next, concern the trespass-offering. The difference between this and the sin-offering lay not so much in the sacrifices themselves, and the management of them, as in the occasions of the offering of them. They were both intended to make atonement for sin; but the former was more general, this applied to some particular instances. Observe what is here said, I. Concerning the trespass. If a man sin, 1. In concealing his knowledge, when he is adjured (Lev 5:1). 2. In touching an unclean thing (Lev 5:2, 3). Matthew Henry on Leviticus 5 Copyright Cecilia Perh 2008

39 3. In swearing (Lev 5:4). 4. In embezzling the holy things (Lev 5:14-16). 5. In any sin of infirmity (Lev 5:17-19). Some other cases there are, in which these offerings were to be offered (Lev 6:2-4; 14:12; 19:21; Num 6:12). II. Concerning the trespass-offerings, 1. Of the flock (Lev_5:5, 6). 2. Of fowls (Lev 5:7-10). 3. Of flour (Lev 5:11-13; but chiefly a ram without blemish (Lev 5:15, etc.). Matthew Henry on Leviticus 5 Copyright Cecilia Perh 2008

40 1 'Now if a person sins, after he hears a public adjuration to testify, when he is a witness, whether he has seen or otherwise known, if he does not tell it, then he will bear his guilt. 2 Or if a person touches any unclean thing, whether a carcass of an unclean beast, or the carcass of unclean cattle, or a carcass of unclean swarming things, though it is hidden from him, and he is unclean, then he will be guilty. 3 Or if he touches human uncleanness, of whatever sort his uncleanness may be with which he becomes unclean, and it is hidden from him, and then he comes to know it, he will be guilty. 4 'Or if a person swears thoughtlessly with his lips to do evil or to do good, in whatever matter a man may speak thoughtlessly with an oath, and it is hidden from him, and then he comes to know it, he will be guilty in one of these. Leviticus Chapter 5 - The Guilt Offering

41 A. Specific occasions requiring the sin offering. 1. (1) Failing to be a truthful witness, or in being a false witness. a. If a person sins in hearing the utterance of an oath, and is a witness, whether he has seen or known of the matter: It wasn t enough to merely not tell lies. God also required His people to make the truth known, so even if one merely knew about a lie, they were responsible to make the truth known. b. If he does not tell it, he bears guilt: Therefore it was the duty of someone who was a witness to come forward and tell the truth about the matter. In Israel all the people were to be involved in seeing that justice was done. Not to witness was a sin. (Harris) i. We can say that the same principle applies to our witness of Jesus Christ. It isn t enough that we refrain from actively denying Jesus or lying about our relationship with Him. We must also take every opportunity to tell the truth about Jesus.

42 A. Specific occasions requiring the sin offering. 2. (2-3) Ceremonial uncleanness. a. If a person touches any unclean thing: The cleansing of the sin offering was also necessary when a person became ceremonially unclean through touching any unclean thing. b. Whether it is the carcass of an unclean beast... Or if he touches human uncleanness: There were several things that might make a person ceremonially unclean. These included touching the carcass of an unclean animal or a person who was already ceremonially unclean. The sin offering was a remedy for this uncleanness. 3. (4) Swearing a false oath. a. If a person swears, speaking thoughtlessly: A careless promise was still a promise before the LORD and had to be observed. If the promise was not kept it had to be atoned for by a sin offering. b. When he realizes it, then he shall be guilty: When we are aware of our broken vows we must repent of them. It is common to make vows and promises in the Christian that are not kept, and when we see this we must repent and trust in the atoning, covering blood of Jesus to bring forgiveness.

43 A. Specific occasions requiring the sin offering. 3. (4) Swearing a false oath. i. Think of these common examples of broken vows: More time in prayer More intercession for others More devotional reading More intense Bible study More personal witness More faithful tithing Better example to others More patience with the children A vow to personal purity in sexual matters ii.it may not be wrong to make such vows. They may be the legitimate expression of a move of the Holy Spirit in a person s life. Yet if the vow is not kept, it must be confessed as sin and repented of.

44 5 So it shall be when he becomes guilty in one of these, that he shall confess that in which he has sinned. 6 He shall also bring his guilt offering to the LORD for his sin which he has committed, a female from the flock, a lamb or a goat as a sin offering. So the priest shall make atonement on his behalf for his sin. 7 'But if he cannot afford a lamb, then he shall bring to the LORD his guilt offering for that in which he has sinned, two turtledoves or two young pigeons, one for a sin offering and the other for a burnt offering. 8 And he shall bring them to the priest, who shall offer first that which is for the sin offering and shall nip its head at the front of its neck, but he shall not sever it. 9 He shall also sprinkle some of the blood of the sin offering on the side of the altar, while the rest of the blood shall be drained out at the base of the altar: it is a sin offering. Leviticus Chapter 5 - The Guilt Offering

45 10 The second he shall then prepare as a burnt offering according to the ordinance. So the priest shall make atonement on his behalf for his sin which he has committed, and it shall be forgiven him. 11 'But if his means are insufficient for two turtledoves or two young pigeons, then for his offering for that which he has sinned, he shall bring the tenth of an ephah of fine flour for a sin offering; he shall not put oil on it or place incense on it, for it is a sin offering. 12 And he shall bring it to the priest, and the priest shall take his handful of it as its memorial portion and offer it up in smoke on the altar, with the offerings of the LORD by fire: it is a sin offering. 13 So the priest shall make atonement for him concerning his sin which he has committed from one of these, and it shall be forgiven him; then the rest shall become the priest's, like the grain offering.'" Leviticus Chapter 5 - The Guilt Offering

46 A. Specific occasions requiring the sin offering. 4. (5-13) How to make the sin offering. a. When he is guilty: This really has the idea of when he realizes his guilt. Though a person is guilty of sin the moment he commits it, he has no idea he needs to get it right until he realizes his sin. b. He shall confess: This was an important part of the sin offering; to confess meant one would agree with God that the sin was wrong. Confession of sin is still an important principle for clearing away sin that hinders our fellowship with God. c. He who sinned shall bring for his offering one-tenth of an ephah of fine flour as a sin offering: Cleansing from sin was available to everyone, even if they couldn t offer a sheep or a goat. If a man was too poor to offer two birds, even fine flour could be offered as a sin offering. i. When we see how strongly the principle of atonement by sacrifice is emphasized in the Old Testament, many people wonder why the Jewish people today no longer make sacrifice. The answer is that they believe their good works will substitute for animal sacrifice. ii. Indeed, when the second temple fell, the rabbis, denied an altar in Jerusalem, came to the conclusion that gifts and prayers were as acceptable as animal sacrifice. (Harris)

47 14 Then the LORD spoke to Moses, saying, 15 "If a person acts unfaithfully and sins unintentionally against the LORD's holy things, then he shall bring his guilt offering to the LORD: a ram without defect from the flock, according to your valuation in silver by shekels, in terms of the shekel of the sanctuary, for a guilt offering. 16 And he shall make restitution for that which he has sinned against the holy thing, and shall add to it a fifth part of it, and give it to the priest. The priest shall then make atonement for him with the ram of the guilt offering, and it shall be forgiven him. Leviticus Chapter 5 - The Guilt Offering

48 B. The Guilt Offering. 1. (14-16) The procedure for the Guilt Offering. a. If a person commits a trespass: The guilt offering was essentially the same procedure used in the sin offering, except that the guilt offering was used when someone had sinned in regard to the holy things. This spoke of some type of desecration of the tabernacle or its associated items. b. He shall make restitution for the harm that he has done in regard to the holy thing: When holy things had been desecrated in some way, a mere sin offering was not enough. Restitution was also required, paying back what was lost plus twenty percent (he shall add one-fifth to it). I. If one has been unfaithful in the holy things of Jehovah it is not enough that one should confess and bring a sin-offering. Restitution must be made for the wrong done; it must be put right. There was something due to God that was not rendered in it season, and things will not be right until it is rendered. (Coates) ii. With the guilt offering, the priest was allowed to keep the hide of a bull that was sacrificed (Leviticus 7:8).

49 17 "Now if a person sins and does any of the things which the LORD has commanded not to be done, though he was unaware, still he is guilty, and shall bear his punishment. 18 He is then to bring to the priest a ram without defect from the flock, according to your valuation, for a guilt offering. So the priest shall make atonement for him concerning his error in which he sinned unintentionally and did not know it, and it shall be forgiven him. 19 It is a guilt offering; he was certainly guilty before the LORD." Leviticus Chapter 5 - The Guilt Offering

50 B. The Guilt Offering. 2. (17-19) The necessity of the guilt offering even when a person did not know they had sinned in regard to the holy things. a. Though he does not know it, yet he is guilty and shall bear his iniquity: If someone desecrated the holy things of the tabernacle, "I didn't know" was not an acceptable excuse. They had to still make sacrifice to atone for their sin. b. So the priest shall make atonement for him regarding his ignorance in which he erred and did not know it: Ignorance can be sin. It is no excuse; often it is sin and must be atoned for.

51 Aim: To deal with the mistakes in our everyday life. As a type of the restoration of fellowship with God through Christ. or Copyright Cecilia Perh 2008

52 Copyright Cecilia Perh 2008

53 Copyright Cecilia Perh 2008

54 The first seven verses of this chapter might fitly have been added to the foregoing chapter, being a continuation of the law of the trespass-offering, and the putting of other cases in which it was to be offered; and with this end the instructions God gave concerning the several kinds of sacrifices that should be offered: and then at Lev 6:8 (which in the original begins a new section of the law) he comes to appoint the several rites and ceremonies concerning these sacrifices which had not been mentioned before. I. The burnt-offering (Lev 6:8-13). II. The meat-offering (Lev 6:11-18), particularly that at the consecration of the priest (Lev 6:19-23). III. The sin-offering (Lev 6:24, etc.). Matthew Henry on Leviticus 6 Copyright Cecilia Perh 2008

55 The Guilt Offering (6:1-7) 1 Then the LORD spoke to Moses, saying, 2 "When a person sins and acts unfaithfully against the LORD, and deceives his companion in regard to a deposit or a security entrusted to him, or through robbery, or if he has extorted from his companion, 3 or has found what was lost and lied about it and sworn falsely, so that he sins in regard to any one of the things a man may do; 4 then it shall be, when he sins and becomes guilty, that he shall restore what he took by robbery, or what he got by extortion, or the deposit which was entrusted to him, or the lost thing which he found, 5 or anything about which he swore falsely; he shall make restitution for it in full, and add to it one-fifth more. He shall give it to the one to whom it belongs on the day he presents his guilt offering. 6 Then he shall bring to the priest his guilt offering to the LORD, a ram without defect from the flock, according to your valuation, for a guilt offering, 7 and the priest shall make atonement for him before the LORD; and he shall be forgiven for any one of the things which he may have done to incur guilt." Sacrifices by the Laity (1:1-6:7)

56 Leviticus 6 - Instructions For the Priests A. More instances for performing the guilt offering. 1. (1-6) The necessity of the guilt offering when a person sinned against a neighbor by lying or theft. a. He shall restore what he has stolen: If a person was guilty of fraud or theft, it wasn t enough that sacrifices cover the guilt of the sin before God. Restitution had to settle the account with the victim of the fraud. b. He shall restore its full value, add one-fifth more to it, and give it to whomever it belongs, on the day of his trespass offering: It wasn't enough to just return what was stolen. The thief also had to add 20% (one-fifth) to what was stolen as a penalty. i. Restitution and its accompanying penalty had to be made the same day of his trespass offering. This powerfully demonstrated that one could not get right with God without also making his wrong right with men.

57 Leviticus 6 - Instructions For the Priests A. More instances for performing the guilt offering. 2. (7) The certainty of forgiveness when the sacrifice is made. a. So the priest shall make atonement for him before the LORD: This was marvelous assurance for a guilty conscience. The sinner could depend upon this promise and know their sin was covered before the LORD. i. The New Testament makes a similar statement in light of the New Covenant, found in 1 John 1:9: If we confess our sins, He is faithful and just to forgive us our sins and to cleanse us from all unrighteousness. b. For any one of these things that he may have done: The emphasis is that any sin can be cleansed through atoning sacrifice. Before the perfect work of Jesus on the cross the cleansing was not perfect, but it could be extended to any sin.

58 The Burnt Offering (6:8-13) 8 Then the LORD spoke to Moses, saying, 9 "Command Aaron and his sons, saying, 'This is the law for the burnt offering: the burnt offering itself shall remain on the hearth on the altar all night until the morning, and the fire on the altar is to be kept burning on it. 10 And the priest is to put on his linen robe, and he shall put on undergarments next to his flesh; and he shall take up the ashes to which the fire reduces the burnt offering on the altar, and place them beside the altar. 11 Then he shall take off his garments and put on other garments, and carry the ashes outside the camp to a clean place. 12 And the fire on the altar shall be kept burning on it. It shall not go out, but the priest shall burn wood on it every morning; and he shall lay out the burnt offering on it, and offer up in smoke the fat portions of the peace offerings on it. 13 Fire shall be kept burning continually on the altar; it is not to go out. Sacrifices by the Priesthood (6:8-7:38)

59 Leviticus 6 - Instructions For the Priests B. Specific instructions for the priests regarding the offerings. 1. (8-13) The burnt offering. a. This is the law of the burnt offering: This offering spoke of consecration. The animal had to remain upon the altar in a slow burn for a long time, tended by the priest (shall be on the hearth upon the altar all night until morning). b. And the fire of the altar shall be kept burning on it: The long-burning character of the burnt offering is an appropriate illustration of the work of giving ourselves completely to God. Coming to God as a living sacrifice is not a quick work and we may feel that we are roasted on the fire for a long time. i. Does the perpetual fire burn on the altar of thy heart? Art thou ever looking unto Jesus, and beholding, by faith, the Lamb of God which taketh away the sin of the world? (Clarke) c. A fire shall always be burning on the altar; it shall never go out: The perpetual fire is also connected to the idea that these offerings must be made continually. Before the perfect sacrifice of Jesus on the cross, it was impossible to perfectly complete them.

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61 The Grain Offering (6:14-23) 14 'Now this is the law of the grain offering: the sons of Aaron shall present it before the LORD in front of the altar. 15 Then one of them shall lift up from it a handful of the fine flour of the grain offering, with its oil and all the incense that is on the grain offering, and he shall offer it up in smoke on the altar, a soothing aroma, as its memorial offering to the LORD. 16 And what is left of it Aaron and his sons are to eat. It shall be eaten as unleavened cakes in a holy place; they are to eat it in the court of the tent of meeting. 17 It shall not be baked with leaven. I have given it as their share from My offerings by fire; it is most holy, like the sin offering and the guilt offering. 18 Every male among the sons of Aaron may eat it; it is a permanent ordinance throughout your generations, from the offerings by fire to the LORD. Whoever touches them shall become consecrated.'" Sacrifices by the Priesthood (6:8-7:38)

62 The Grain Offering (6:14-23) 19 Then the LORD spoke to Moses, saying, 20 "This is the offering which Aaron and his sons are to present to the LORD on the day when he is anointed; the tenth of an ephah of fine flour as a regular grain offering, half of it in the morning and half of it in the evening. 21 It shall be prepared with oil on a griddle. When it is well stirred, you shall bring it. You shall present the grain offering in baked pieces as a soothing aroma to the LORD. 22 And the anointed priest who will be in his place among his sons shall offer it. By a permanent ordinance it shall be entirely offered up in smoke to the LORD. 23 So every grain offering of the priest shall be burned entirely. It shall not be eaten." Sacrifices by the Priesthood (6:8-7:38)

63 Leviticus 6 - Instructions For the Priests B. Specific instructions for the priests regarding the offerings. 2. (14-23) The grain offering. a. This is the law of the grain offering: A portion of the grain offering belonged to the priests. They and their family ate it as a holy gift. b. For every grain offering for the priest shall be wholly burned: There was a particular grain offering that was part of the anointing and consecration ceremony for a priest. This grain offering was not to be eaten, it was to be wholly burned before the LORD.

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65 The Sin Offering (6:24-30) 24 Then the LORD spoke to Moses, saying, 25 "Speak to Aaron and to his sons, saying, 'This is the law of the sin offering: in the place where the burnt offering is slain the sin offering shall be slain before the LORD; it is most holy. 26 The priest who offers it for sin shall eat it. It shall be eaten in a holy place, in the court of the tent of meeting. 27 Anyone who touches its flesh shall become consecrated; and when any of its blood splashes on a garment, in a holy place you shall wash what was splashed on. 28 Also the earthenware vessel in which it was boiled shall be broken; and if it was boiled in a bronze vessel, then it shall be scoured and rinsed in water. 29 Every male among the priests may eat of it; it is most holy. 30 But no sin offering of which any of the blood is brought into the tent of meeting to make atonement in the holy place shall be eaten; it shall be burned with fire. Sacrifices by the Priesthood (6:8-7:38)

66 Leviticus 6 - Instructions For the Priests B. Specific instructions for the priests regarding the offerings. 3. (24-30) The sin offering. a. This is the law of the sin offering: A portion of the sin offering was left over, and was to be given to the priests. Anything touched by the sin offering or its blood had to be cleansed in a special manner because the sacrificial victim was thought to be infected with the sin of the one who brought the offering. b. But no sin offering from which any of the blood is brought into the tabernacle of meeting, to make atonement in the holy place, shall be eaten: Any portion from the sin offering made for national atonement could not be eaten. The whole animal had to be burnt before the LORD. Only portions from a sin offering made on behalf of an individual could be eaten.

67 Entrusting the Word to the Faithful Copyright Cecilia Perh 2008

68 Here is, I. The law of the trespass-offering (Lev 7:1-7), with some further directions concerning the burnt-offering and the meat-offering (Lev 7:8-10). II. The law of the peace-offering. The eating of it (Lev 7:11-21), on which occasion the prohibition of eating fat or blood is repeated (Lev 7:22-27), and the priests' share of it (Lev 7:28-34). III. The conclusion of those institutions (Lev 7:35, etc.). Matthew Henry on Leviticus 7 Copyright Cecilia Perh 2008

69 The Guilt Offering (7:1-10) 1 'Now this is the law of the guilt offering; it is most holy. 2 In the place where they slay the burnt offering they are to slay the guilt offering, and he shall sprinkle its blood around on the altar. 3 Then he shall offer from it all its fat: the fat tail and the fat that covers the entrails, 4 and the two kidneys with the fat that is on them, which is on the loins, and the lobe on the liver he shall remove with the kidneys. 5 And the priest shall offer them up in smoke on the altar as an offering by fire to the LORD; it is a guilt offering. 6 Every male among the priests may eat of it. It shall be eaten in a holy place; it is most holy. Sacrifices by the Priesthood (6:8-7:38)

70 The Guilt Offering (7:1-10) 7 The guilt offering is like the sin offering, there is one law for them; the priest who makes atonement with it shall have it. 8 Also the priest who presents any man's burnt offering, that priest shall have for himself the skin of the burnt offering which he has presented. 9 Likewise, every grain offering that is baked in the oven, and everything prepared in a pan or on a griddle, shall belong to the priest who presents it. 10 And every grain offering mixed with oil, or dry, shall belong to all the sons of Aaron, to all alike. Sacrifices by the Priesthood (6:8-7:38)

71 Leviticus 7 - More Instructions For the Priests A. Specific instructions regarding the offerings. 1. (1-10) The guilt offering. a. This is the law of the trespass offering: This offering followed a similar pattern to previous sacrifices. The blood and the fat belonged to God and the meat portions could be shared among the priests, with its distribution determined by the officiating priest. b. Shall belong to all the sons of Aaron, to one as much as the other: The distribution was the responsibility of the officiating priest, but they were supposed to make sure that portions were distributed equally.

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73 The Peace Offering (7:11-36) 11 'Now this is the law of the sacrifice of peace offerings which shall be presented to the LORD. 12 If he offers it by way of thanksgiving, then along with the sacrifice of thanksgiving he shall offer unleavened cakes mixed with oil, and unleavened wafers spread with oil, and cakes of well stirred fine flour mixed with oil. 13 With the sacrifice of his peace offerings for thanksgiving, he shall present his offering with cakes of leavened bread. 14 And of this he shall present one of every offering as a contribution to the LORD; it shall belong to the priest who sprinkles the blood of the peace offerings. 15 'Now as for the flesh of the sacrifice of his thanksgiving peace offerings, it shall be eaten on the day of his offering; he shall not leave any of it over until morning. Sacrifices by the Priesthood (6:8-7:38)

74 The Peace Offering (7:11-36) 16 But if the sacrifice of his offering is a votive or a freewill offering, it shall be eaten on the day that he offers his sacrifice; and on the next day what is left of it may be eaten; 17 but what is left over from the flesh of the sacrifice on the third day shall be burned with fire. 18 So if any of the flesh of the sacrifice of his peace offerings should ever be eaten on the third day, he who offers it shall not be accepted, and it shall not be reckoned to his benefit. It shall be an offensive thing, and the person who eats of it shall bear his own iniquity. 19 Also the flesh that touches anything unclean shall not be eaten; it shall be burned with fire. As for other flesh, anyone who is clean may eat such flesh. 20 But the person who eats the flesh of the sacrifice of peace offerings which belong to the LORD, in his uncleanness, that person shall be cut off from his people. Sacrifices by the Priesthood (6:8-7:38)

75 The Peace Offering (7:11-36) 21 And when anyone touches anything unclean, whether human uncleanness, or an unclean animal, or any unclean detestable thing, and eats of the flesh of the sacrifice of peace offerings which belong to the LORD, that person shall be cut off from his people.'" 22 Then the LORD spoke to Moses, saying, 23 "Speak to the sons of Israel, saying, 'You shall not eat any fat from an ox, a sheep, or a goat. 24 Also the fat of an animal which dies, and the fat of an animal torn by beasts, may be put to any other use, but you must certainly not eat it. 25 For whoever eats the fat of the animal from which an offering by fire is offered to the LORD, even the person who eats shall be cut off from his people. 26 And you are not to eat any blood, either of bird or animal, in any of your dwellings. 27 Any person who eats any blood, even that person shall be cut off from his people.' Sacrifices by the Priesthood (6:8-7:38)

76 The Peace Offering (7:11-36) 28 Then the LORD spoke to Moses, saying, 29 "Speak to the sons of Israel, saying, 'He who offers the sacrifice of his peace offerings to the LORD shall bring his offering to the LORD from the sacrifice of his peace offerings. 30 His own hands are to bring offerings by fire to the LORD. He shall bring the fat with the breast, that the breast may be presented as a wave offering before the LORD. 31 And the priest shall offer up the fat in smoke on the altar; but the breast shall belong to Aaron and his sons. 32 And you shall give the right thigh to the priest as a contribution from the sacrifices of your peace offerings. 33 The one among the sons of Aaron who offers the blood of the peace offerings and the fat, the right thigh shall be his as his portion Sacrifices by the Priesthood (6:8-7:38)

77 The Peace Offering (7:11-36) 34 For I have taken the breast of the wave offering and the thigh of the contribution from the sons of Israel from the sacrifices of their peace offerings, and have given them to Aaron the priest and to his sons as their due forever from the sons of Israel. 35 'This is that which is consecrated to Aaron and that which is consecrated to his sons from the offerings by fire to the LORD, in that day when he presented them to serve as priests to the LORD. 36 These the LORD had commanded to be given them from the sons of Israel in the day that He anointed them. It is their due forever throughout their generations.'" Sacrifices by the Priesthood (6:8-7:38)

78 Leviticus 7 - More Instructions For the Priests A. Specific instructions regarding the offerings. 2. (11-36) The peace offering. a. This is the law of the sacrifice of peace offerings: A peace offering could be brought out of thanksgiving, out of a desire for fellowship with God, or on the occasion of the fulfillment of a vow or a voluntary offering. b. If any of the flesh of the sacrifice of his peace offering is eaten at all on the third day, it shall not be accepted: The meat from a peace offering had to be eaten in a fellowship meal within three days. God didn t want stale fellowship. c. All who are clean may eat of it: Ceremonial purity was required of anyone who wanted to participate in the fellowship meal associated with the peace offering. This illustrates the principle that we cannot enjoy the peace of God until we have received His cleansing grace.

79 Leviticus 7 - More Instructions For the Priests A. Specific instructions regarding the offerings. 2. (11-36) The peace offering. d. Whoever eats the fat of the animal of which men offer an offering made by fire to the LORD, the person who eats it shall be cut off from his people: This principle is again. The fat (speaking of the good and the abundance) and the blood (speaking of the life) belonged to God, and had to be given to Him. e. The breast may be waved as a wave offering to the LORD: This was a specific waving of the portion of meat or bread dedicated to the LORD, waving it before the LORD in a specific pattern. In this way, even though the priest kept the portion, he had still dedicated it unto God. i. The late chief Rabbi Hertz described the wave offering as thus: First, the portion was laid upon the hands of the donor. Then the officiating priest placed his own hands beneath those of the person offering the sacrifice, and moved the portion first forward and backward, then upward and downward. These motions make a sign of a cross!

80 The Summary (7:37-38) 37 This is the law of the burnt offering, the grain offering and the sin offering and the guilt offering and the ordination offering and the sacrifice of peace offerings, 38 which the LORD commanded Moses at Mount Sinai in the day that He commanded the sons of Israel to present their offerings to the LORD in the wilderness of Sinai. Sacrifices by the Priesthood (6:8-7:38)

81 Leviticus 7 - More Instructions For the Priests A. Specific instructions regarding the offerings. 3. (37-38) Postscript on the sacrifices. Jesus Christ and The Sacrificial System BUT THIS MAN, AFTER HE HAD OFFERED ONE SACRIFICE FOR SINS FOREVER, SAT DOWN AT THE RIGHT HAND OF GOD. (Hebrews 10:12) JESUS FULFILLED THE BURNT OFFERING (Leviticus 1) AS CHRIST ALSO HAS LOVED US AND GIVEN HIMSELF FOR US, AN OFFERING AND A SACRIFICE TO GOD FOR A SWEET SMELLING AROMA (Ephesians 5:2) JESUS FULFILLED THE GRAIN AND FIRSTFRUITS OFFERING (Leviticus 2) BUT NOW CHRIST IS RISEN FROM THE DEAD, AND HAS BECOME THE FIRSTFRUITS OF THOSE WHO HAVE FALLEN ASLEEP. (1 Corinthians 15:20) JESUS FULFILLED THE PEACE OFFERING (Leviticus 3) THEREFORE, HAVING BEEN JUSTIFIED BY FAITH, WE HAVE PEACE WITH GOD THOUGH OUR LORD, JESUS CHRIST. (Romans 5:1)

82 Leviticus 7 - More Instructions For the Priests A. Specific instructions regarding the offerings. 3. (37-38) Postscript on the sacrifices. JESUS FULFILLED THE SIN OFFERING (Leviticus 4) FOR HE MADE HIM WHO KNEW NO SIN TO BE SIN FOR US, THAT WE MIGHT BECOME THE RIGHTEOUSNESS OF GOD IN HIM (2 Cor 5:21) JESUS FULFILLED THE GUILT OFFERING (Leviticus 5) WHO WAS DELIVERED UP BECAUSE OF OUR OFFENSES AND WAS RAISED BECAUSE OF OUR JUSTIFICATION (Romans 4:25) YOU HAVE MADE HIS SOUL AN OFFERING FOR SIN (Isaiah 53:10) JESUS FULFILLED EVERY SACRIFICE FOR US! He is the Burnt-offering, the Meat-offering, the Peace-offering, the Sinoffering, and the Trespass-offering for His people. By His one oblation of Himself once offered, He has stood in all these different relations (Jukes) WE HAVE BEEN SANCTIFIED THROUGH THE OFFERING OF THE BODY OF JESUS CHRIST ONCE FOR ALL. (Hebrews 10:10)

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