8/6/2013. Why did civilizations. occur?
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1 Why did civilizations occur? 1
2 8 Characteristics of Civilization 1. Cities serve as administrative centers 2. Specialized workers (non food gathering) 3. Permanent records 4. Arts & Science develop 5. Political institutions controlled a certain area 6. Status distinctions (based on wealth) 7. Long distance trade 8. Monumental building The Ancient Fertile Crescent Area The Middle East: The Cradle of Civilization 2
3 Mesopotamian Empires Sumer The earliest civilization in the fertile valleys lying between the Tigris and Euphrates The first to create a literate, urban culture and highlydeveloped political institutions Beginning around 3000 BC, they began to form large city-states in southern Mesopotamia Were not unified in an empire, but created a cohesive culture based on their civilization 3
4 Sumerians Sumerian Religion - Polytheistic Enki Innana Anthropomorphic Gods 4
5 Mesopotamian Trade The Cuneiform World Cuneiform: Wedge-Shaped Writing 5
6 Cuneiform Writing Deciphering Cuneiform 6
7 Sumerian Scribes Tablet House Sumerian Cylinder Seals 7
8 Gilgamesh Gilgamesh Epic Tablet: Flood Story 8
9 Ziggurat at Ur Temple Mountain of the Gods The Royal Standard of Ur 9
10 Mesopotamian Harp Board Game From Ur 10
11 Sophisticated Metallurgy Skills at Ur Sumerian Legacy Were defeated by Akkadians (who would become the Babylonians) who abandoned much of their culture and absorbed vast amounts of Sumerian culture, including their religion, writing, government structure, literature, and law The concept of civilization and of a monarchy was very enticing to those who came to conquer The Sumerians would create a culture that would pass from people to people, religion to religion, and from language to language long after the Sumerians ceased to walk the sands of the area "between the rivers." 11
12 Sumerian Legacy Today, we divide an hour into 60 minutes, and a minute into 60 seconds The Babylonian Empires 12
13 Sargon of Akkad: The World s First Empire [Akkadians] The Babylonians Their greatest innovation was centralization of political rule No longer dominated by citystates we see the emergence of empire under powerful monarchs Took control of the region, creating world s first empire - when several peoples, nations, or previously independent states are placed under the control of one ruler Sargon of Akkad first to unify 13
![] Code ,](/docs-images/95/123479895/images/14-3.jpg "the Judge")
14 Hammurabi s [r B. C. E.] Code Hammurabi, the Judge 14
15 Code of Hammurabi One of the first sets of laws in the ancient world Written by a Babylonian King Stressed Retribution A way of guaranteeing equal protection Gives a glimpse at what these people valued and what was important to them Hammurabi s Code #196: If a man put out the eye of another man, his eye shall be put out. #198: If he put out the eye of a freed man, or break the bone of a freed man, he shall pay one gold mina. 15
16 Babylonian Math Babylonian Numbers 16
17 The Mesopotamians Sargon Ashurbanipal Hammurabi Gilgamesh The Assyrians Northern Mesopotamia More fertile, more rain Why important? More valuable what do you do with things you value? Protect them (i.e. bank, safe) so the Assyrians needed strong self defense Defense soon leads to offense (pride, greed, religious conviction, etc) 17
18 The Assyrians Conquest Iron weapons Use of terror tactics Found difficulty governing large area with different peoples stressed control Knowledge Acquisition of old and new Ashurbanipal brings together 25,000 cuneiform tablets Creates the first library The Assyrian state was forged in the crucible of war, invasion, and conquest Indo-European Migrations: 4m-2m BCE The Middle East: The Crossroads of Three Continents 18
19 Acknowledgements: Mrs. Susan Pojer Horace Greeley High School Mr. Ryan O Donnell Rocklin High School 19
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DOWNLOAD OR READ : RELIGION IN ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA PDF EBOOK EPUB MOBI Page 1 Page 2 religion in ancient mesopotamia religion in ancient mesopotamia pdf religion in ancient mesopotamia Mesopotamian religion
Chapter 01 Mesopotamia
Chapter 01 Mesopotamia Multiple Choice Questions 1. The literal translation of Mesopotamia is "the land." A. amongst the sand B. between two rivers C. in the middle D. where people gather Learning Objective: