TO FULFILL ALL THAT IS WRITTEN SAMUEL WHITEFIELD

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1 22 for these are days of vengeance, to fulfill all that is written. (Luke 21:22 ESV) I. JESUS PREDICTION A. In Luke 21, Jesus gives an prophecy of staggering events that revolve around Jerusalem and His second coming. In the middle of His prophecy, He says that this period of time will be the days of vengeance which will fulfill all that is written. B. Many commentators have tried to primarily apply the passage in Luke 21 to the events of 70AD, but if we look carefully at verse 22 and the overall flow of the passage it is clear that the events of 70 AD cannot fulfill Jesus prophecy. There are key events in the passage that did not take place in the first century and in verse 22 there are two key phrases Jesus uses to clearly communicate that this is an end-time prophecy. 1. these are the days of vengeance The first phrase in the verse tells us the timing of the period of time that Jesus is referring to. The phrase days of vengeance refers to a very specific time in history. It is a specific Old Testament phrase used by the prophets to refer to an event that has not yet happened. 2. to fulfill all that is written. The second phrase in the verse tells us the purpose of this period of time. These days are intended to fulfill all that is written. The prophecy is Jerusalem centric, so Jesus is referring to a fulfillment of all the things written concerning the city of Jerusalem. This is Jesus assurance that He will fulfill everything He has said about Jerusalem. Again, 70 AD did not fulfill in any way all the things that are written about Jerusalem. The desolation of the city in the first century did not fulfill all that the prophets have written about the city. If the staggering events of this chapter are intended to fulfill all that is written then we should understand the main themes of what was written in order to understand what Jesus is referring to. C. The key to understanding the prophecy is to recognize that it is Jerusalem centric. There is a global context to the prophecy (Luke 21:10), but the prophecy is focused on Jerusalem (Luke 21:20) because Jesus is committed to fulfilling all that was prophesied concerning Jerusalem. 20 But when you see Jerusalem surrounded by armies, then know that its desolation has come near. (Luke 21:20 ESV) D. In the passage Jesus highlights several prophetic themes related to the city of Jerusalem that will be resolved in the days of vengeance. These themes are all recorded in the Old Testament prophets. By understanding Luke 21, and the Old Testament passages Jesus refers to, we can better understand the themes Jesus was thinking about and the ones He emphasized when He summarized what the prophets predicted about Jerusalem in the time of His return. Key themes that Jesus predicts will be fulfilled in this passage include the following: 1. The Days of Vengeance This is a day that the prophets all longed for. It is one of the main timing indicators in the passage (Luke 21:22).

2 PAGE 2 2. The Invasion and Preservation of Jerusalem There will be a final assault on Jerusalem from the nations accompanied by a divine preservation of a remnant under siege (Luke 21:20-24). Jesus emphasizes this siege because He wants us to be prepared for it and to understand it (Luke 21:28). 3. The National Repentance and Salvation of Israel The result of the siege will be shocking to the nations. It will not end in the destruction of Jerusalem, but instead will set a context for Israel s national repentance and her national salvation when Jesus intervenes and cuts short the siege (Luke 21:27-28). 4. The Return of all the Exiles Jesus connects both Israel s experience of exile and Israel s deliverance as a remind that when He delivers Jerusalem He will, as the greater Moses, lead the entire Jewish people back to the land (Luke 21:24, 28). 5. The Rule of Messiah from Jerusalem The climax of the prophecy and the resolution of the siege on Jerusalem is the return of Messiah, His judgment of the nations, and the beginning of His Messianic reign in Jerusalem. This is what brings to fulfillment all the written about Jerusalem (Luke 21:22, 27). E. Each of these themes must be understood by the church in order to cooperate with God s purposes. The earth has seen limited expressions of some of the negative and positive dynamics that surround the days of vengeance. However, we have never seen a full expression of the days of vengeance. God has restrained Himself throughout history in order to give time for repentance (2 Peter 3:9). However, Isaiah tells us that He will not always remain silent. 14 For a long time I have held my peace; I have kept still and restrained myself; now I will cry out like a woman in labor; I will gasp and pant. 15 I will lay waste mountains and hills, and dry up all their vegetation; I will turn the rivers into islands, and dry up the pools. (Isaiah 42:14 15 ESV) F. This is exactly why Jesus highlights the days of vengeance. Because we have seen limited expressions of the positive and negative dynamics that are prophesied surrounding Jerusalem and we will continue to until the end of the age we need a reference point that indicates the this is the final fulfillment of all that is written. That reference point is the release of God s vengeance on the nations. 1. More than once a siege around Jerusalem has brought much destruction and more than once God has released supernatural deliverance in Israel. However, He has never released the full measure of His vengeance and judgment on the nations. 2. The release of God s vengeance means the end of the season of mercy and the beginning of His judgments until renewal. His judgments are connected to His plan for restoration, and the arrival of His vengeance means that He has closed the door for mercy and has shifted into the purging of the earth in preparation for His reconstitutions of the nations under Jesus leadership.

3 PAGE 3 3. When God releases His vengeance it will be a terrible thing. We cannot even imagine the magnitude of it. Amos describes the terror of that day: 18 Woe to you who desire the day of the LORD! Why would you have the day of the LORD? It is darkness, and not light, 19 as if a man fled from a lion, and a bear met him, or went into the house and leaned his hand against the wall, and a serpent bit him. 20 Is not the day of the LORD darkness, and not light, and gloom with no brightness in it? (Amos 5:18 20 ESV) 4. The day of God s vengeance is the day He fully responds to the wickedness of the nations. In that day, God will so thoroughly judge wickedness that no possibility exists past that point for another installment of what the prophets have written. After that point, Jerusalem will never face trouble again. Israel will never be compromised again. The nations will never again display that type of arrogance against God s chosen King and His chosen city. G. Because of the significance of the day of God s vengeance we must understand what has been written about it and the accompanying prophetic themes that Jesus references in the passage. Each of these themes was significant enough for Jesus to highlight it, so we should be familiar with them. II. THE DAYS OF VENGEANCE A. In the Old Testament prophets, the vengeance of God is always associated with His zeal for Jerusalem and His repayment to the nations in context to their attitude towards Jerusalem. Jesus associated the phrase days of vengeance with the fulfillment of all that is written, because the phrase is an established Old Testament phrase that predicts God s swift and sudden judgment on the nations who participate in a siege on Jerusalem. 8 For the LORD has a day of vengeance, a year of recompense for the cause of Zion. (Isaiah 34:8 ESV) 4 Say to those who have an anxious heart, Be strong; fear not! Behold, your God will come with vengeance, with the recompense of God. He will come and save you. (Isaiah 35:4 ESV) 2 to proclaim the year of the LORD s favor, and the day of vengeance of our God; to comfort all who mourn; (Isaiah 61:2 ESV) 1 Who is this who comes from Edom, in crimsoned garments from Bozrah, he who is splendid in his apparel, marching in the greatness of his strength? It is I, speaking in righteousness, mighty to save. 2 Why is your apparel red, and your garments like his who treads in the winepress? 3 I have trodden the winepress alone, and from the peoples no one was with me; I trod them in my anger and trampled them in my wrath; their lifeblood spattered on my garments, and stained all my apparel. 4 For the day of vengeance was in my heart, and my year of redemption had come. 5 I looked, but there was no one to help; I was appalled, but there was no one to uphold; so my own arm brought me salvation, and my wrath upheld me. 6 I trampled

4 PAGE 4 down the peoples in my anger; I made them drunk in my wrath, and I poured out their lifeblood on the earth. (Isaiah 63:1 6 ESV) 6 Flee from the midst of Babylon; let every one save his life! Be not cut off in her punishment, for this is the time of the LORD s vengeance, the repayment he is rendering her. (Jeremiah 51:6 ESV) B. Many other passages describe God s judgment of the nations during the days of vengeance. In each of these passages, God releases His judgment in context to Israel. This is also what Jesus predicts in Matthew 25:31-46 when He tells us that He will judge the nations on the basis of how they responded to the least of these my brethren who, in context, are the Jewish people. The judgment event predicted in Matthew 25 is the judgment of Joel 3 and Zechariah 14. Jesus affirmed the prediction of the prophets that He would judge the nations in context to their treatment of the Jewish people. 4 The sound of a tumult is on the mountains as of a great multitude! The sound of an uproar of kingdoms, of nations gathering together! The LORD of hosts is mustering a host for battle. 5 They come from a distant land, from the end of the heavens, the LORD and the weapons of his indignation, to destroy the whole land. 6 Wail, for the day of the LORD is near; as destruction from the Almighty it will come! 7 Therefore all hands will be feeble, and every human heart will melt. 8 They will be dismayed: pangs and agony will seize them; they will be in anguish like a woman in labor. They will look aghast at one another; their faces will be aflame. 9 Behold, the day of the LORD comes, cruel, with wrath and fierce anger, to make the land a desolation and to destroy its sinners from it. 10 For the stars of the heavens and their constellations will not give their light; the sun will be dark at its rising, and the moon will not shed its light. 11 I will punish the world for its evil, and the wicked for their iniquity; I will put an end to the pomp of the arrogant, and lay low the pompous pride of the ruthless. 12 I will make people more rare than fine gold, and mankind than the gold of Ophir. 13 Therefore I will make the heavens tremble, and the earth will be shaken out of its place, at the wrath of the LORD of hosts in the day of his fierce anger. (Isaiah 13:4 13 ESV) 15 For behold, the LORD will come in fire, and his chariots like the whirlwind, to render his anger in fury, and his rebuke with flames of fire. 16 For by fire will the LORD enter into judgment, and by his sword, with all flesh; and those slain by the LORD shall be many. (Isaiah 66:15 16 ESV) 30 And I will show wonders in the heavens and on the earth, blood and fire and columns of smoke. 31 The sun shall be turned to darkness, and the moon to blood, before the great and awesome day of the LORD comes. 32 And it shall come to pass that everyone who calls on the name of the LORD shall be saved. For in Mount Zion and in Jerusalem there shall be those who escape, as the LORD has said, and among the survivors shall be those whom the LORD calls. 1 For behold, in those days and at that time, when I restore the fortunes of Judah and Jerusalem, 2 I will gather all the nations and bring them down to the Valley of Jehoshaphat. And I will enter into judgment with them there, on behalf of my people and my heritage Israel, because they have scattered them among the nations and have divided up my land, 3 and have cast lots for my people, and have traded a boy for a prostitute, and have sold a girl for wine

5 PAGE 5 and have drunk it. 4 What are you to me, O Tyre and Sidon, and all the regions of Philistia? Are you paying me back for something? If you are paying me back, I will return your payment on your own head swiftly and speedily. 5 For you have taken my silver and my gold, and have carried my rich treasures into your temples. 6 You have sold the people of Judah and Jerusalem to the Greeks in order to remove them far from their own border. 7 Behold, I will stir them up from the place to which you have sold them, and I will return your payment on your own head. 8 I will sell your sons and your daughters into the hand of the people of Judah, and they will sell them to the Sabeans, to a nation far away, for the LORD has spoken. 9 Proclaim this among the nations: Consecrate for war; stir up the mighty men. Let all the men of war draw near; let them come up. 10 Beat your plowshares into swords, and your pruning hooks into spears; let the weak say, I am a warrior. 11 Hasten and come, all you surrounding nations, and gather yourselves there. Bring down your warriors, O LORD. 12 Let the nations stir themselves up and come up to the Valley of Jehoshaphat; for there I will sit to judge all the surrounding nations. 13 Put in the sickle, for the harvest is ripe. Go in, tread, for the winepress is full. The vats overflow, for their evil is great. 14 Multitudes, multitudes, in the valley of decision! For the day of the LORD is near in the valley of decision. 15 The sun and the moon are darkened, and the stars withdraw their shining. 16 The LORD roars from Zion, and utters his voice from Jerusalem, and the heavens and the earth quake. But the LORD is a refuge to his people, a stronghold to the people of Israel. 17 So you shall know that I am the LORD your God, who dwells in Zion, my holy mountain. And Jerusalem shall be holy, and strangers shall never again pass through it I will avenge their blood, blood I have not avenged, for the LORD dwells in Zion. (Joel 2:30-3:1-17, 21 ESV) 8 On that day the LORD will protect the inhabitants of Jerusalem, so that the feeblest among them on that day shall be like David, and the house of David shall be like God, like the angel of the LORD, going before them. 9 And on that day I will seek to destroy all the nations that come against Jerusalem. (Zechariah 12:8 9 ESV) 2 For I will gather all the nations against Jerusalem to battle, and the city shall be taken and the houses plundered and the women raped. Half of the city shall go out into exile, but the rest of the people shall not be cut off from the city. 3 Then the LORD will go out and fight against those nations as when he fights on a day of battle. 4 On that day his feet shall stand on the Mount of Olives that lies before Jerusalem on the east, and the Mount of Olives shall be split in two from east to west by a very wide valley, so that one half of the Mount shall move northward, and the other half southward. 5 And you shall flee to the valley of my mountains, for the valley of the mountains shall reach to Azal. And you shall flee as you fled from the earthquake in the days of Uzziah king of Judah. Then the LORD my God will come, and all the holy ones with him. 6 On that day there shall be no light, cold, or frost. 7 And there shall be a unique day, which is known to the LORD, neither day nor night, but at evening time there shall be light. 8 On that day living waters shall flow out from Jerusalem, half of them to the eastern sea and half of them to the western sea. It shall continue in summer as in winter. (Zechariah 14:2 8 ESV) 9 And the LORD will be king over all the earth. On that day the LORD will be one and his name one. 10 The whole land shall be turned into a plain from Geba to Rimmon south of Jerusalem.

6 PAGE 6 But Jerusalem shall remain aloft on its site from the Gate of Benjamin to the place of the former gate, to the Corner Gate, and from the Tower of Hananel to the king s winepresses. 11 And it shall be inhabited, for there shall never again be a decree of utter destruction. Jerusalem shall dwell in security. 12 And this shall be the plague with which the LORD will strike all the peoples that wage war against Jerusalem: their flesh will rot while they are still standing on their feet, their eyes will rot in their sockets, and their tongues will rot in their mouths. 13 And on that day a great panic from the LORD shall fall on them, so that each will seize the hand of another, and the hand of the one will be raised against the hand of the other. 14 Even Judah will fight at Jerusalem. And the wealth of all the surrounding nations shall be collected, gold, silver, and garments in great abundance. 15 And a plague like this plague shall fall on the horses, the mules, the camels, the donkeys, and whatever beasts may be in those camps. (Zechariah 14:9 15 ESV) C. It is not enough for the nations to demonstrate their vengeance on Jerusalem God will demonstrate His vengeance as well. This is why the phrase refers to the time of God s final judgment of the nations and not 70 AD. God clearly did not release His vengeance on the nations in the first century. By quoting these passages, Jesus is connecting the negative events of Luke 21:20-24 with His deliverance which is described in Luke 21: D. By connecting this day of vengeance with the fulfillment of all things, Jesus is echoing the consummation language of Daniel 9:27 and the promise of Daniel 9:24. This is the time when both the negative and the positive predictions of the prophets concerning Jerusalem are fulfilled. The desolation in Jerusalem that Jesus is predicting in Luke 21:20 will end in the judgment of the nations and the salvation of all of Israel. E. The days of vengeance will be God s response to the antagonism of the nations against His plan for Jerusalem, and any time of desolation or trouble in Jerusalem that does not result in this end it cannot be the time of desolation and vengeance that Jesus is referring to. F. This phrase is intended to both give courage to Israel and serve as a warning for the nations. 1. For Israel, and particularly Jerusalem, this prophesy gives courage because it is a promise that God s judgment will come on the nations. He will answer them in vengeance for what they do to Jerusalem. 2. For the nations, this is a warning because Jesus is telling us ahead of time what His emotions and His response will be in the final assault on Jerusalem. The phrase vengeance is meant to encapsulate both Jesus emotions and His response on behalf of Jerusalem. G. God s vengeance will bring an end to the arrogance of the nations towards God s plan for Jerusalem and simultaneously secure Israel s salvation. His vengeance will not come in a vacuum because it is directly related to the other themes that Jesus highlights in these passage. Each of these themes must be fulfilled in the days of vengeance in order to fulfill what the prophets have written concerning Jerusalem. III. THE FINAL INVASION AND SUPERNATURAL PRESERVATION OF JERUSALEM

7 PAGE 7 A. God s vengeance does not simply emerge in a vacuum and this relates to another key prophetic theme the final invasion and supernatural preservation of Jerusalem. This final invasion will be the ultimate resistance of the nations to God s plan to set Jesus in Jerusalem as His King (Psalm 2:6; 110:2). This invasion of Jerusalem is what ultimately sets the context for God to demonstrate His zeal and His vengeance on behalf of Jerusalem and the Jewish people. B. There are two distinct aspects of this invasion, which must be held in tension. The first is that it represents the final, more terrible assault of the nations on God s purposes for Jerusalem. The prophets describe it as the most severe hour in Jerusalem s history. It will be the greatest challenge yet to God s promises for that city and for the Jewish people. 10 Your holy cities have become a wilderness; Zion has become a wilderness, Jerusalem a desolation. 11 Our holy and beautiful house, where our fathers praised you, has been burned by fire, and all our pleasant places have become ruins. 12 Will you restrain yourself at these things, O LORD? Will you keep silent, and afflict us so terribly? (Isaiah 64:10 12 ESV) 7 Alas! That day is so great there is none like it; it is a time of distress for Jacob; yet he shall be saved out of it. (Jeremiah 30:7 ESV) 1 At that time shall arise Michael, the great prince who has charge of your people. And there shall be a time of trouble, such as never has been since there was a nation till that time. But at that time your people shall be delivered, everyone whose name shall be found written in the book. (Daniel 12:1 ESV) 6 And someone said to the man clothed in linen, who was above the waters of the stream, How long shall it be till the end of these wonders? 7 And I heard the man clothed in linen, who was above the waters of the stream; he raised his right hand and his left hand toward heaven and swore by him who lives forever that it would be for a time, times, and half a time, and that when the shattering of the power of the holy people comes to an end all these things would be finished. (Daniel 12:6 7 ESV) 1 Blow a trumpet in Zion; sound an alarm on my holy mountain! Let all the inhabitants of the land tremble, for the day of the LORD is coming; it is near, 2 a day of darkness and gloom, a day of clouds and thick darkness! Like blackness there is spread upon the mountains a great and powerful people; their like has never been before, nor will be again after them through the years of all generations. 3 Fire devours before them, and behind them a flame burns. The land is like the garden of Eden before them, but behind them a desolate wilderness, and nothing escapes them. 4 Their appearance is like the appearance of horses, and like war horses they run. 5 As with the rumbling of chariots, they leap on the tops of the mountains, like the crackling of a flame of fire devouring the stubble, like a powerful army drawn up for battle. 6 Before them peoples are in anguish; all faces grow pale. 7 Like warriors they charge; like soldiers they scale the wall. They march each on his way; they do not swerve from their paths. 8 They do not jostle one another; each marches in his path; they burst through the weapons and are not halted. 9 They leap upon the city, they run upon the walls, they climb up into the houses, they enter through the windows like a thief. 10 The earth quakes before them; the heavens tremble. The sun and the moon are darkened, and the stars withdraw their shining.

8 PAGE 8 11 The LORD utters his voice before his army, for his camp is exceedingly great; he who executes his word is powerful. For the day of the LORD is great and very awesome; who can endure it? (Joel 2:1 11 ESV) 16 Therefore thus says the LORD, the God of hosts, the Lord: In all the squares there shall be wailing, and in all the streets they shall say, Alas! Alas! They shall call the farmers to mourning and to wailing those who are skilled in lamentation, 17 and in all vineyards there shall be wailing, for I will pass through your midst, says the LORD. 18 Woe to you who desire the day of the LORD! Why would you have the day of the LORD? It is darkness, and not light, 19 as if a man fled from a lion, and a bear met him, or went into the house and leaned his hand against the wall, and a serpent bit him. 20 Is not the day of the LORD darkness, and not light, and gloom with no brightness in it? (Amos 5:16 20 ESV) 15 So when you see the abomination of desolation spoken of by the prophet Daniel, standing in the holy place (let the reader understand), 16 then let those who are in Judea flee to the mountains. 17 Let the one who is on the housetop not go down to take what is in his house, 18 and let the one who is in the field not turn back to take his cloak. 19 And alas for women who are pregnant and for those who are nursing infants in those days! 20 Pray that your flight may not be in winter or on a Sabbath. 21 For then there will be great tribulation, such as has not been from the beginning of the world until now, no, and never will be. 22 And if those days had not been cut short, no human being would be saved. But for the sake of the elect those days will be cut short. (Matthew 24:15 22 ESV) 14 But when you see the abomination of desolation standing where he ought not to be (let the reader understand), then let those who are in Judea flee to the mountains. 15 Let the one who is on the housetop not go down, nor enter his house, to take anything out, 16 and let the one who is in the field not turn back to take his cloak. 17 And alas for women who are pregnant and for those who are nursing infants in those days! 18 Pray that it may not happen in winter. 19 For in those days there will be such tribulation as has not been from the beginning of the creation that God created until now, and never will be. (Mark 13:14 19 ESV) 20 But when you see Jerusalem surrounded by armies, then know that its desolation has come near. 21 Then let those who are in Judea flee to the mountains, and let those who are inside the city depart, and let not those who are out in the country enter it, 22 for these are days of vengeance, to fulfill all that is written. 23 Alas for women who are pregnant and for those who are nursing infants in those days! For there will be great distress upon the earth and wrath against this people. 24 They will fall by the edge of the sword and be led captive among all nations, and Jerusalem will be trampled underfoot by the Gentiles, until the times of the Gentiles are fulfilled. 25 And there will be signs in sun and moon and stars, and on the earth distress of nations in perplexity because of the roaring of the sea and the waves, 26 people fainting with fear and with foreboding of what is coming on the world. For the powers of the heavens will be shaken. (Luke 21:20 26 ESV) 12 Therefore, rejoice, O heavens and you who dwell in them! But woe to you, O earth and sea, for the devil has come down to you in great wrath, because he knows that his time is short!

9 PAGE 9 13 And when the dragon saw that he had been thrown down to the earth, he pursued the woman who had given birth to the male child. (Revelation 12:12 13 ESV) 17 Then the dragon became furious with the woman and went off to make war on the rest of her offspring, on those who keep the commandments of God and hold to the testimony of Jesus. And he stood on the sand of the sea. (Revelation 12:17 ESV) 1. Daniel asks about the timing of the fulfillment of the things written (Daniel 12:6) and he is told that they will be fulfilled when the strength of the holy people is shattered. This does not mean that God is aiming at the destruction of the Jewish people, but rather that He will bring His people to their end of their natural strength. Human solutions will all fail at this time and that will set the stage for God s supernatural deliverance. 2. Though passages like Daniel 12 ultimately focus on God s deliverance of Israel, the body of Jesus will go through the test as well. If Israel will be brought to the end of her strength, we can be sure that God will bring the entire church to the end of her strength as well. This will set the stage for God s power to be demonstrated in His people. 3. This is one of the key purposes of this final trial. Israel, and all mankind, will be brought to the very end of human strength and, at the end of that strength, Israel will experience the deliverance of God as He acts on her behalf to secure her salvation. C. The second aspect of the invasion that must also be recognized is the supernatural preservation of the city. Multiple passages make it clear that God will preserve a remnant in the city with supernatural power. Though the land endures an unprecedented invasion and the Lord allows Israel to come to the end of her strength, He also divinely preserves portions of the city to make a divine statement that the invasion will ultimately not succeed. In the same way that Jesus suffering on the cross set the stage for His resurrection, Jerusalem s final suffering will not result in death but in resurrection. 2 For I will gather all the nations against Jerusalem to battle, and the city shall be taken and the houses plundered and the women raped. Half of the city shall go out into exile, but the rest of the people shall not be cut off from the city. (Zechariah 14:2 ESV) 22 And if those days had not been cut short, no human being would be saved. But for the sake of the elect those days will be cut short. (Matthew 24:22 ESV) 2 but do not measure the court outside the temple; leave that out, for it is given over to the nations, and they will trample the holy city for forty-two months. 3 And I will grant authority to my two witnesses, and they will prophesy for 1,260 days, clothed in sackcloth. 4 These are the two olive trees and the two lampstands that stand before the Lord of the earth. 5 And if anyone would harm them, fire pours from their mouth and consumes their foes. If anyone would harm them, this is how he is doomed to be killed. 6 They have the power to shut the sky, that no rain may fall during the days of their prophesying, and they have power over the waters to turn them into blood and to strike the earth with every kind of plague, as often as they desire. (Revelation 11:2 6 ESV)

10 PAGE Therefore, rejoice, O heavens and you who dwell in them! But woe to you, O earth and sea, for the devil has come down to you in great wrath, because he knows that his time is short! 13 And when the dragon saw that he had been thrown down to the earth, he pursued the woman who had given birth to the male child. 14 But the woman was given the two wings of the great eagle so that she might fly from the serpent into the wilderness, to the place where she is to be nourished for a time, and times, and half a time. 15 The serpent poured water like a river out of his mouth after the woman, to sweep her away with a flood. 16 But the earth came to the help of the woman, and the earth opened its mouth and swallowed the river that the dragon had poured from his mouth. (Revelation 12:12 16 ESV) D. This invasion involves both the terror of the final assault on Jerusalem as well as God s supernatural preservation of the city. The invasion, which is ultimately a statement against God s promise to Jesus to rule in that city, is what sets up the context for His vengeance. It is one of the things must be fulfilled. His supernatural preservation of a remnant in the city will be a divine witness of God s promise that deliverance is coming. IV. NATIONAL REPENTANCE AND SALVATION OF ISRAEL A. The nations will surround Jerusalem for the purposes of destruction, but God will use the situation to bring about the national salvation of Israel. There will be an increasing salvation of the Jewish people throughout the nations, but a saved remnant, no matter how large, is not enough. God has promised a day when Israel will be saved as a nation and therefore to bring this age to a God must save all of Israel (Jeremiah 31:34). The time of the Lord s vengeance on the nations will be the time of Israel s salvation. 10 And I will pour out on the house of David and the inhabitants of Jerusalem a spirit of grace and pleas for mercy, so that, when they look on me, on him whom they have pierced, they shall mourn for him, as one mourns for an only child, and weep bitterly over him, as one weeps over a firstborn. 11 On that day the mourning in Jerusalem will be as great as the mourning for Hadad-rimmon in the plain of Megiddo. 12 The land shall mourn, each family by itself: the family of the house of David by itself, and their wives by themselves; the family of the house of Nathan by itself, and their wives by themselves; 13 the family of the house of Levi by itself, and their wives by themselves; the family of the Shimeites by itself, and their wives by themselves; 14 and all the families that are left, each by itself, and their wives by themselves. 1 On that day there shall be a fountain opened for the house of David and the inhabitants of Jerusalem, to cleanse them from sin and uncleanness. (Zechariah 12:10 13:1 ESV) 1. Zechariah is the prophet who most clearly describes this day. Zechariah describes a moment when the nation suddenly recognizes Jesus, the one whom they have pierced, as their deliverer. 2. Zechariah s language invokes a comparison to the story of Joseph and his brothers. Joseph s rejection by his brothers ultimately served the purpose of God to put Joseph in place so that he could deliver his brothers during a 7-year time of trouble. In the same way Jesus, though rejected by the nation in His first coming, is ultimately going to be the means of Israel s preservation and deliverance.

11 PAGE Just as there was great weeping when Joseph s brothers realized who he was and that the one whom they rejected had become their means of deliverance, so also Zechariah describes the tender weeping of the nation as it embraces its elder brother who, though rejected in the past, will be the means of the nation s deliverance. B. It is important to recognize just how central Zechariah 12 is in Jesus prediction of the fulfillment of all things. When Jesus describes His second coming in Matthew 24, the first passage He quotes in Zechariah 12. That tells us that when Jesus thinks about His second coming, the first thing in His mind is the moment when He is received by Israel as their deliverer. That is how precious and important this moment is to Him. 30 Then will appear in heaven the sign of the Son of Man, and then all the tribes of the earth will mourn, and they will see the Son of Man coming on the clouds of heaven with power and great glory. (Matthew 24:30 ESV) 1. Many read Matthew 24:30 quickly and assume that it is referring to the mourning of the nations because of Jesus judgment, but that is not what the verse is referring to. Jesus is specifically quoting Zechariah This tells us that Israel s salvation and reconciliation with Him as Messiah is the first thing Jesus thinks about when He thinks about His second coming. If it is that big a priority for Him, it should be that big a priority for us as well. C. John also emphasizes Zechariah 12 as one of the main purposes of the events in the book of Revelation. When John introduces the book of Revelation and sets the context for the book, one of the first passages he references is Zechariah Behold, he is coming with the clouds, and every eye will see him, even those who pierced him, and all tribes of the earth will wail on account of him. Even so. Amen. (Revelation 1:7 ESV) 1. Again, this reveals the significance of this passage to New Testament eschatology. John is setting the context of the book of Revelation and presenting the book as the means by which God will bring Israel as a nation to repentance. 2. By quoting that verse John reveals that this event has a high priority in His thinking and in God s end time plan. John s use of this passage in Revelation 1 is an expression of his confidence that the events of Revelation will bring to pass Zechariah s prophecy and he quotes it to give his readers courage that God will fulfill what He has spoken concerning Israel s salvation. D. At the time of Israel s salvation, there will also be a supernatural deliverance that involves the release of Jesus judgments and the empowering the Jewish people. 6 The sound of an uproar from the city! A sound from the temple! The sound of the LORD, rendering recompense to his enemies! 7 Before she was in labor she gave birth; before her pain came upon her she delivered a son. 8 Who has heard such a thing? Who has seen such things? Shall a land be born in one day? Shall a nation be brought forth in one moment? For as soon as Zion was in labor she brought forth her children. 9 Shall I bring to the point of birth

12 PAGE 12 and not cause to bring forth? says the LORD; shall I, who cause to bring forth, shut the womb? says your God. 10 Rejoice with Jerusalem, and be glad for her, all you who love her; rejoice with her in joy, all you who mourn over her; 11 that you may nurse and be satisfied from her consoling breast; that you may drink deeply with delight from her glorious abundance. 12 For thus says the LORD: Behold, I will extend peace to her like a river, and the glory of the nations like an overflowing stream; and you shall nurse, you shall be carried upon her hip, and bounced upon her knees. 13 As one whom his mother comforts, so I will comfort you; you shall be comforted in Jerusalem. 14 You shall see, and your heart shall rejoice; your bones shall flourish like the grass; and the hand of the LORD shall be known to his servants, and he shall show his indignation against his enemies. (Isaiah 66:6 14 ESV) 11 Now many nations are assembled against you, saying, Let her be defiled, and let our eyes gaze upon Zion. 12 But they do not know the thoughts of the LORD; they do not understand his plan, that he has gathered them as sheaves to the threshing floor. 13 Arise and thresh, O daughter of Zion, for I will make your horn iron, and I will make your hoofs bronze; you shall beat in pieces many peoples; and shall devote their gain to the LORD, their wealth to the Lord of the whole earth. (Micah 4:11 13 ESV) 4 On that day, declares the LORD, I will strike every horse with panic, and its rider with madness. But for the sake of the house of Judah I will keep my eyes open, when I strike every horse of the peoples with blindness. 5 Then the clans of Judah shall say to themselves, The inhabitants of Jerusalem have strength through the LORD of hosts, their God. 6 On that day I will make the clans of Judah like a blazing pot in the midst of wood, like a flaming torch among sheaves. And they shall devour to the right and to the left all the surrounding peoples, while Jerusalem shall again be inhabited in its place, in Jerusalem. 7 And the LORD will give salvation to the tents of Judah first, that the glory of the house of David and the glory of the inhabitants of Jerusalem may not surpass that of Judah. 8 On that day the LORD will protect the inhabitants of Jerusalem, so that the feeblest among them on that day shall be like David, and the house of David shall be like God, like the angel of the LORD, going before them. (Zechariah 12:4 8 ESV) E. As Israel embraces their Messiah, God will fulfill His ancient promises to empower them against their enemies and to judge their enemies on their behalf. F. It is important to understand the timeline of God s judgment. God s final judgment of Israel will precede His final judgment of the nations. Therefore, the hour of Israel s national salvation will also be the hour of the judgment of the nations. This is why God s judgment of the nations is described as the time of His vengeance on the nations for the sake of Israel. He releases His judgment on the nations after He is finished with Israel s covenant discipline. Peter summarizes this biblical principle in 1 Peter. 17 For it is time for judgment to begin at the household of God; and if it begins with us, what will be the outcome for those who do not obey the gospel of God? (1 Peter 4:17 ESV) 1. Peter summarizes the Old Testament prediction God s judgment of Israel precedes His judgment of the nations (Isaiah 10:12. Jeremiah 25:29; 49:12. Ezekiel. 9:6. Malachi 3:5).

13 PAGE Because God releases His vengeance on the nations after His judgment of Israel that is another reason why the days of vengeance signal the time of the fulfillment of all things. 3. When God releases His vengeance on the nations, it will mean that Israel s final judgment is complete, and He will never judge Israel again. All that the prophets have written about Israel s trouble at the hands of the nations will be fulfilled when the days of vengeance begin. 4. Notice also that Peter describes the severity of God s judgments. God s judgment of His own people can seem severe, but there is a profound difference in His judgments that lead Israel to salvation and His judgments on the nations. G. After Israel s national salvation, Jerusalem and the land will dwell in peace and safety. Jerusalem will never again come under the kind of siege and invasion it will endure in the end times. God has long promised that a day will come when Israel possesses the land in peace and safety and that peace and safety will be the result of the release of His vengeance on the nations (Genesis 12:1-3, 7; 13:15; 15; 17:7-8, 19; 25:5-6; 26:3; 28:3-4; 35:9-15; Leviticus 26:42; Deuteronomy 32:43; 1 Chronicles 16:17-18; Psalm 105:10-11; Isaiah 32:17-18; 60:21; 61:8-9; Jeremiah 24:6; 32:40-41; Ezekiel 11:17; 36:26-28; Amos 9:15). V. RETURN OF ALL THE EXILES A. What begins in Jerusalem will affect the entire nation of Israel and the Jewish people throughout the nations of the earth. A key part of the salvation of Israel will be the end of the exile. While God has brought the Jewish people back to the land multiple times since the exile began, biblically the exile does not come to a final end until all Jewish people are brought back to the land. Biblically, exile is an expression of God s discipline, and so the salvation of the nation will set into motion the fulfillment of the promise to bring the entire Jewish people back to the land. This is a key prophetic promise in the Old Testament since the days of the Assyrian invasion of northern Israel. 10 In that day the root of Jesse, who shall stand as a signal for the peoples of him shall the nations inquire, and his resting place shall be glorious. 11 In that day the Lord will extend his hand yet a second time to recover the remnant that remains of his people, from Assyria, from Egypt, from Pathros, from Cush, from Elam, from Shinar, from Hamath, and from the coastlands of the sea. 12 He will raise a signal for the nations and will assemble the banished of Israel, and gather the dispersed of Judah from the four corners of the earth. 13 The jealousy of Ephraim shall depart, and those who harass Judah shall be cut off; Ephraim shall not be jealous of Judah, and Judah shall not harass Ephraim. 14 But they shall swoop down on the shoulder of the Philistines in the west, and together they shall plunder the people of the east. They shall put out their hand against Edom and Moab, and the Ammonites shall obey them. 15 And the LORD will utterly destroy the tongue of the Sea of Egypt, and will wave his hand over the River with his scorching breath, and strike it into seven channels, and he will lead people across in sandals. 16 And there will be a highway from Assyria for the remnant that remains of his people, as there was for Israel when they came up from the land of Egypt. (Isaiah 11:10 16 ESV)

14 PAGE 14 8 Behold, I will bring them from the north country and gather them from the farthest parts of the earth, among them the blind and the lame, the pregnant woman and she who is in labor, together; a great company, they shall return here. 9 With weeping they shall come, and with pleas for mercy I will lead them back, I will make them walk by brooks of water, in a straight path in which they shall not stumble, for I am a father to Israel, and Ephraim is my firstborn. 10 Hear the word of the LORD, O nations, and declare it in the coastlands far away; say, He who scattered Israel will gather him, and will keep him as a shepherd keeps his flock. (Jeremiah 31:8 10 ESV) 25 Therefore thus says the Lord GOD: Now I will restore the fortunes of Jacob and have mercy on the whole house of Israel, and I will be jealous for my holy name. 26 They shall forget their shame and all the treachery they have practiced against me, when they dwell securely in their land with none to make them afraid, 27 when I have brought them back from the peoples and gathered them from their enemies lands, and through them have vindicated my holiness in the sight of many nations. 28 Then they shall know that I am the LORD their God, because I sent them into exile among the nations and then assembled them into their own land. I will leave none of them remaining among the nations anymore. (Ezekiel 39:25 28 ESV) 6 I will strengthen the house of Judah, and I will save the house of Joseph. I will bring them back because I have compassion on them, and they shall be as though I had not rejected them, for I am the LORD their God and I will answer them. 7 Then Ephraim shall become like a mighty warrior, and their hearts shall be glad as with wine. Their children shall see it and be glad; their hearts shall rejoice in the LORD. 8 I will whistle for them and gather them in, for I have redeemed them, and they shall be as many as they were before. 9 Though I scattered them among the nations, yet in far countries they shall remember me, and with their children they shall live and return. 10 I will bring them home from the land of Egypt, and gather them from Assyria, and I will bring them to the land of Gilead and to Lebanon, till there is no room for them. (Zechariah 10:6 10 ESV) B. God has been gracious several times in history to regather a large number of the Jewish people back to the land, but the prophets predict that the exile must end with a return of the entire Jewish people to the land. This return is predicted in numerous passages including Psalm 14:7; 102:13,19, 20; Isaiah 11:11-12,15-16; 27:12-13; 35:5-6; 41:9; 42:6-7; 43:6-7,16; 49; 52:11-12; 60:4; 61:1-3; 66:20; Jeremiah 31:8-10; Ezekiel 39:25-28; Joel 2:32-3:1; Hosea 11:11; Micah 2:12-13; 4:6-7; 5:6; 7:12; and Zechariah 10:6-11. The exiles will not only be brought back to the land, this time they will be brought to the land in peace and safety because the final end of the exile is also the final end of God s judgments on Israel.

15 PAGE 15 VI. THE RULE OF MESSIAH FROM JERUSALEM A. The salvation of Jerusalem and the resolution of the military crisis that surrounds it is all part of a plan to bring about the ultimate prediction of the prophets the rule of Messiah from Jerusalem. The Messianic Psalms that are most quoted in the New Testament all emphasize God s unmovable prediction that His Son will reign from Jerusalem. This is the great capstone the ultimate fulfillment of all that is written concerning Jerusalem. This is the prophetic fulfillment that ultimately secures the fulfillment of all the other prophecies. 1 Why do the nations rage and the peoples plot in vain? 2 The kings of the earth set themselves, and the rulers take counsel together, against the LORD and against his Anointed, saying, 3 Let us burst their bonds apart and cast away their cords from us. 4 He who sits in the heavens laughs; the Lord holds them in derision. 5 Then he will speak to them in his wrath, and terrify them in his fury, saying, 6 As for me, I have set my King on Zion, my holy hill. 7 I will tell of the decree: The LORD said to me, You are my Son; today I have begotten you. (Psalm 2:1 7 ESV) 1 The LORD says to my Lord: Sit at my right hand, until I make your enemies your footstool. 2 The LORD sends forth from Zion your mighty scepter. Rule in the midst of your enemies! (Psalm 110:1 2 ESV) 14 Sing aloud, O daughter of Zion; shout, O Israel! Rejoice and exult with all your heart, O daughter of Jerusalem! 15 The LORD has taken away the judgments against you; he has cleared away your enemies. The King of Israel, the LORD, is in your midst; you shall never again fear evil. (Zephaniah 3:14 15 ESV) 4 and said to him, Run, say to that young man, Jerusalem shall be inhabited as villages without walls, because of the multitude of people and livestock in it. 5 And I will be to her a wall of fire all around, declares the LORD, and I will be the glory in her midst. (Zechariah 2:4 5 ESV) 1 And the word of the LORD of hosts came, saying, 2 Thus says the LORD of hosts: I am jealous for Zion with great jealousy, and I am jealous for her with great wrath. 3 Thus says the LORD: I have returned to Zion and will dwell in the midst of Jerusalem, and Jerusalem shall be called the faithful city, and the mountain of the LORD of hosts, the holy mountain. (Zechariah 8:1 3 ESV) B. Messiah is the one who will march on the city of Jerusalem filled with zeal. He is the one who will personally execute the days of vengeance. 1 Who is this who comes from Edom, in crimsoned garments from Bozrah, he who is splendid in his apparel, marching in the greatness of his strength? It is I, speaking in righteousness, mighty to save. 2 Why is your apparel red, and your garments like his who treads in the winepress? 3 I have trodden the winepress alone, and from the peoples no one was with me; I trod them in my anger and trampled them in my wrath; their lifeblood spattered on my garments, and stained all my apparel. 4 For the day of vengeance was in my heart, and my year of redemption had come. 5 I looked, but there was no one to help; I was appalled, but there was

16 PAGE 16 no one to uphold; so my own arm brought me salvation, and my wrath upheld me. 6 I trampled down the peoples in my anger; I made them drunk in my wrath, and I poured out their lifeblood on the earth. (Isaiah 63:1 6 ESV) C. This is the ultimate promise that must be fulfilled. God must establish His King in the city of Jerusalem, and the coronation of the King will be what brings the fulfillment of all that is written concerning Jerusalem (2 Samuel 7:12-13; Psalm 2; 27:7-10; 98:6-9; 110; Isaiah 9:6-7; 11:1-10; 32:1-2; 63:1-3; Ezekiel 37:24-28; Zephaniah 3:14-15; Zechariah 14:9; Matthew 1:1; 9:27; John 1:49-50; Acts 17:7; Revelation 19:14-16). D. This is the reason that Jesus answered the rulers of Jerusalem that way He did in Matthew 23: For I tell you, you will not see me again, until you say, Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord. (Matthew 23:39 ESV) 1. In Matthew 23:39 Jesus tells the leaders of Jerusalem that they will not see Him again until they welcome Him as the one sent by the Lord. After giving them that prediction, He walks out of Jerusalem and He leaves the city the way following the same path that David followed when Absalom betrayed him (2 Samuel 15:30). The greater David, like the ancient David, also suffered betrayal in Jerusalem. 2. When Jesus told the leaders of the city they would not see Him again, He was not simply referring to them visually seeing Him. They would see Him again later that week because they would arrest Him and participate in His public crucifixion. Jesus was referring to the sight of Him entering the city as its King because Matthew 23 is part of a narrative that begins in Matthew 21:4-11 with Jesus triumphal entry into the city. 3. In Matthew 21, Jesus enters Jerusalem in the way Zechariah prophesied the Messiah would and Jesus appears ready to rule. However things go horribly wrong from there and in the chapters that follow, Jesus exposes the deep conflict between Himself and Israel s leaders. His summary of that conflict is Matthew 23:39 the leaders of the city will not see Jesus enter the city as it s King again until they are in agreement with Him and welcome Him as the one sent by His Father. 4. This verse sets the context for Matthew 24 in which the disciples ask Jesus a key question: 3 As he sat on the Mount of Olives, the disciples came to him privately, saying, Tell us, when will these things be, and what will be the sign of your coming and of the end of the age? (Matthew 24:3 ESV) a. The disciples saw Jesus enter Jerusalem in Matthew 21 the way that Zechariah prophesied the Messiah would, so this is a very fair question if the fulfillment of Zechariah s prophesy was not the initiation of the Messianic reign what would be?

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