Chapter 25 Lecture Roadmap

Transcription

1 Chapter 25 Lecture Roadmap 25-1 Review of the Stems and the Niphal Weak Verbs in the Niphal 1-Guttural 1-Yod 1-Nun 3-Aleph 3-He Verb Principles What to Memorize for Niphal Weak Verbs Parsing Practice Translation Practice

2 Niphal is Often Simple Passive or Reflexive Active Passive Reflexive Simple Qal Niphal Niphal He heard He was heard He heard himself Cause Piel Pual Hithpael a state He angered him He was angered He made himself angry Cause Hiphil Hophal an action He lifted up It was lifted

3 Niphal Meaning May Not Seem Passive/Reflexive Obviously passive/reflexive: ישׁע (Niphal) = to be delivered, receive help יתר (Niphal) = to be left over, remain נצל (Niphal) = to be rescued, delivered 25-3 Not as obviously passive/reflexive אמן (Niphal) = to be reliable, faithful, trustworthy לחם (Niphal) = to fight, do battle with

4 What to Memorize about V S for Derived Stems 24-4 Meaning of V S pattern Perfect ~ Imperfect(Imperfect FP) Always a Shewa before finite verb endings Shewa before Participle endings only if Tsere. Participle V S = P3ms V S lengthened if possible Reduces only if V S = Ē (Q active, Piel, Hithpael) Infinitive Absolute V S = Ē Ô (or Ō ) for QA and some NA Everything else uses Imperfect V S Imperative, Jussive, Cohortative Infinitive Construct

5 What to Memorize for the Niphal 24-5 The Niphal is usually the passive or reflexive of the Qal. The Niphal preformatives נ NP, NPt, and some NA י NI ה NM, N, and some NA The Niphal stem vowel pattern and what it means A ~ Ē(A)

6 Chapter 25 Lecture Roadmap 25-6 Review of the Stems and the Niphal Weak Verbs in the Niphal 1-Guttural 1-Yod 1-Nun 3-Aleph 3-He Verb Principles What to Memorize for Niphal Weak Verbs Parsing Practice Translation Practice

7 1-Guttural Changes Niphal Preformatives 25-7 Guttural takes Hateph Vowel instead of Shewa נ ( נ (נ Strong Verb נ ( נ (נ נ ( נ (נ 1-Guttural נ ( נ נ (נ Guttural and Resh reject Dagesh Forte י and ה Strong Verb י and ה 1-Guttural / Resh

8 Most 1-Yod Were Originally 1-Waw yod shifts to Holem Waw vowel with נ Preformative נ י שׁ ב* נ י שׁ ב ב נ שׁ נ י שׁ ב* נ י שׁ ב ב נ שׁ 1-yod shifts to consonantal waw with Preformative י יּ שׁ ב* י יּ שׁ ב וּ שׁ ב י יּ שׁ ב* תּ וּ שׁ ב תּ יּ שׁ ב* א וּ שׁ ב א (always א א א א not א א א א if 1Yod) נ יּ שׁ ב* נ יּ שׁ ב וּ שׁ ב נ יּ שׁ ב* ה וּ שׁ ב ה If you see a 1-waw verb, parse it as 1-yod. Hiphil. acts like 1-Yod only in the Qal and.הלללךךךךל

9 1-Nun with Silent Shewa Assimilates Nun assimilates in the Qal Imperfect: נצר י נ צ ר* QI3ms ר י צּ 1-Nun assimilates when the Niphal has preformative נ נצל נ נ צ ל* NP3ms ל נ צּ נצל נ נ צ ל* NPtMS ל נ צּ נצל נ נ צ ל* NA נ נ צ ל ל נ צּ נצל נ נ צ ל* NA ל נ צּ

10 3-Aleph Niphal V S = Ā(Ē) ~Ē(E) Can still parse based on the preformative. So don t memorize the changed V S Pattern Ā(Ē) ~ means Ā ( ) in the NP 3 rd person (reduced except in 3ms) Ē ( ) in the NP 1 st and 2 nd person Participle V S is the P3ms V S lengthened. But Ā ( ) is already a long vowel, so NP3ms and NPtMS have the same V S and spelling א צ נ מ.is מצא NP3ms or NPtMS

11 Chapter 25 Lecture Roadmap Review of the Stems and the Niphal Weak Verbs in the Niphal 1-Guttural 1-Yod 1-Nun 3-Aleph 3-He Verb Principles What to Memorize for Niphal Weak Verbs Parsing Practice Translation Practice

12 3-He Verbs use Same Endings as Always General principles: 3. Verbs have 2 root consonants, not ה- 3 Verbs add a vowel after R 2 ה If the sufformative begins with a vowel, the sufformative vowel goes right after R 2 בנה נ וּ NP3cp נ ב נ הוּ* (not (נ ב בנה בּ נ י NI2fs תּ בּ נ ה י י* (not (תּ

13 3-He Verbs use Same Endings as (Almost) Always י י י 2. If sufformative begins with a consonant, put vowel+yod between R 2 and the sufformative. י Ht) Perfect (Non-passive stems: Q, D, H, י Hp) Perfect (Passive stems: N, Dp, י Imperfect & Imperative Examples בנה NP2ms ת ית נ נ ב בנה NI3fp ינ ה בּ נ תּ נ הת ת * (not (נ ב בּ נ הנ ה* (not (תּ

14 3-He Verbs use Same Endings as Always If NO sufformative or pronominal suffix, add after R 2 ה ה ה ה Perfect ה ה ה ה Imperfect, Participle ה ה ה ה Imperative, some Infinitive Absolute suffix) ת ת ת ת Infinitive Construct (even if pron. ) ה ה ה ה Infinitive Absolute (Qal never ה ה ה ה or or ה ה ה ה Nothing Imperfect waw consecutive, Jussive Examples using בנה NP3ms ה נ נ ב NM2ms ה בּ נ ה NI3ms ה נ י בּ QI3ms ה נ י ב ן QJ3ms י ב ב ו יּ ב בן QIwc3ms

15 3-He Verbs use Same Endings as Always ת תה תה תה ה 4. Perfect 3fs uses sufformative ה ה Perfect 3fs ending is supposed to be ה ה 3ms ends in ה- 3 But ת תה תה תה ה ה ה to distinguish from 3ms. ת 3fs adds ה- 3 Examples using בנה NP3ms ה נ נ ב NP3fs נ ת ה נ ב QP3ms ה נ בּ QP3fs נ ת ה בּ (Qamets, not Qamets Hatuf)

16 Chapter 25 Lecture Roadmap Review of the Stems and the Niphal Weak Verbs in the Niphal 1-Guttural 1-Yod 1-Nun 3-Aleph 3-He Verb Principles What to Memorize for Niphal Weak Verbs Parsing Practice Translation Practice

17 What to Memorize for Niphal Weak Verbs You must be able to parse any Niphal weak verb. Think your way through weak verb preformatives: נ נ 1-G or נ or נ = Strong נ 1-G/R ה / י = Strong ה / י נ is 1-Yod = Strong נ Verbs that look 1-Waw are 1-Yod וּ שׁ ב E.g., י נ is 1-Nun version of נ ל E.g., נ צּ Memorize the list of ה- 3 verb endings.

18 Chapter 25 Lecture Roadmap Review of the Stems and the Niphal Weak Verbs in the Niphal 1-Guttural 1-Yod 1-Nun 3-Aleph 3-He Verb Principles What to Memorize for Niphal Weak Verbs Parsing Practice Translation Practice

19 Chapter 25 Parsing Randomized (p197-8, 205-6) מ ע וּ נ שׁ.2 בּ ט ח י תּ.3 נ ע ב ר.4 כּ ס ה ה.5 שּׁ ת י תּ.6 מ ע נ שׁ ה ע נ תּ ה.7 שׁמע NP3cp בטח NI2fs עבר NI1cp כסה.8 ר א ת נ ק.9 ר א וּ י קּ.10 ים נ שׁ ב NM2ms or NA כסה שׁתה NI2fs NP3ms or QI1cp שׁמע שׁמע NI(3f/2m)s ענה ענה קרא NPtFP קרא NI3mp ישׁב NPtMP they were heard you will be trusted we will be passed over be covered! / to be covered you will be drunk he was heard / we will hear (she/you) will be answered called they will be called inhabited

20 Chapter 25 Parsing Randomized (p197-8, 205-6) ר ה נ ע ב.12 וּ ד ע י תּ.13 ד וּ י וּ ל.14 וּ ד ע י ה.15 ח שׁ ב נ ה תּ.16 מּ צ אנ ה תּ.17 ע תּ ם נ ד.18 תּ ית ת נ שׁ.19 ב ת נ שׁ.20 מּ צ אנ ה ה NP3fs / QC1cp עבר she was passed over / we shall pass over עבר ידע NI2fs you will be known ילד NI3mp they will be born NM2fs / N +1cs ידע be known! / my being known ידע NI(2/3)fp חשׁב (you/they) will be reckoned חשׁב מצא NI(2/3)fp (you/they) will be found ידע NP2mp you were known שׁתה NP2ms you were drunk ישׁב NPtFS inhabited מצא NM2fp be found!

21 Chapter 25 Parsing Randomized (p197-8, 205-6) ר א וּ נ ק.22 ר אנוּ נ ק.23 ל נוּ נ פּ.24 ח שׁ ב ה.25 ר נוּ נ ע ב.26 בּ ט ח י ה.27 קּ ר א וּ תּ.28 תּ ם נ גּ ע.29 ת נ ע שׂ.30 וּ י כּ ס קרא NP3cp they were called קרא NP1cp we were called נפל NP1cp we fell for ourselves (?) NM2ms / N / NA be reckoned! / to be reckoned חשׁב חשׁב עבר NP1cp we were passed over NM2fs / N +1cs בטח be trusted! / my being trusted בטח קרא NI2mp you will be called נגע NP2mp you were touched/beaten עשׂה NPtFP being made כסה NI3mp they will be covered

22 Chapter 25 Parsing Randomized (p197-8, 205-6) ה ע נ א ה ע נ שּׁ מ.33 ה י שּׁ ת.34 כּ ס וּ ה ה נ ע נ ה וּ שׁ ב נ ה ה.37 קּ ר א וּ ה.38 שּׁ מ ע א.39 ד תּ י נ ל.40 ע ב ר תּ ענה NI1cs שׁמע NI1cp שׁתה NI3ms כסה NM2mp ענה NI1cp ישׁב NM2fp קרא NM2mp שׁמע NI1cs ילד NP1cs NI(3f/2m)s עבר עבר I will be answered we will be heard he will be drunk be covered! we will be answered be inhabited! be called! I will be heard I was born (she/you) will be crossed over

23 Chapter 25 Lecture Roadmap Review of the Stems and the Niphal Weak Verbs in the Niphal 1-Guttural 1-Yod 1-Nun 3-Aleph 3-He Verb Principles What to Memorize for Niphal Weak Verbs Parsing Practice Translation Practice

24 Translation Practice יר י שׁ ח ה מ שׂ שׁמע NI3mp א ר ץ בּ מ ע וּ י שּׁ Songs of joy will be heard in the land. יר י שׁ ח ה מ שׂ שׁמע NP3cp א ר ץ בּ מ ע וּ נ שׁ Songs of joy were heard in the land. יר י שׁ ח ה מ שׂ שׁמע QI3mp א ר ץ בּ מ ע וּ י שׁ They will hear songs of joy in the land. יר שׁ ח ה מ שׂ א ר ץ בּ מ ע נ שׁ A song of joy was heard in the land. NP3msשׁמממעעעעמ OR QI1cpשׁמממעעעעמ We will hear a song of joy in the land.

25 Translation Practice ים גּ ד ל ת ע ר בנה NI3fp ינ ה א ר ץ תּ בּ נ בּ Great cities will be built in the land. ים גּ ד ל ת ע ר ינ ה א ר ץ תּ ב נ בּ You/They will build great cities in the land. QI(2/3)fp ים גּ ד ל ת ע ר בנה QI1cp א ר ץ בּ ה נ נ ב We will build great cities in the land. ים גּ ד ל ת ע ר בנה NP3cp א ר ץ בּ נ וּ נ ב Great cities were built in the land. ים גּ ד ל ת ע ר בנה QP3cp א ר ץ בּ נ וּ בּ They built great cities in the land.