Chumash Devarim. The Book of Deuteronomy. Parshat Va etchanan

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1 Chumash Devarim The Book of Deuteronomy Parshat Va etchanan 5772/2012

2 THE TORAH - CHUMASH DEVARIM Copyright by Chabad of California THE TORAH - CHUMASH BEMIDBAR WITH AN INTERPOLATED ENGLISH TRANSLATION AND COMMENTARY BASED ON THE WORKS OF A project of THE LUBAVITCH REBBE Chabad of California 741 Gayley Avenue, Los Angeles, CA Copyright / Fax by Chabad Published of California, by Inc. Kehot Publication Society 770 Eastern Parkway, Published Brooklyn, by New York Kehot Publication / Fax Society 770 Eastern Parkway, editor@kehot.com Brooklyn, New York / Fax Order Department: 291 Kingston Order Avenue, Department: Brooklyn, New York Kingston Avenue / / Brooklyn, Fax New York / Fax All rights reserved, including the right to reproduce this book All rights or portions reserved, thereof, including any the form, right without to reproduce permission, this book or portions in writing, thereof, from in any Chabad form, of without California, permission, Inc. in writing, from Chabad of California, Inc. The Kehot logo is a trademark of The Merkos Kehot L Inyonei logo is a Chinuch, trademark Inc. of Merkos L'Inyonei Chinuch, Inc. ISBN: ISBN: ISBN (set) Published Published in in the the United United States States of of America America

3 GENESIS Bereishit Noach Lech Lecha Vayeira Chayei Sarah Toldot Vayeitzei Vayishlach Vayeishev Mikeitz Vayigash Vayechi EXODUS Shemot Va eira Bo Beshalach Yitro Mishpatim Terumah Tetzaveh Tisa Vayakheil Pekudei LEVITICUS Vayikra Tzav Shemini Tazria Metzora Acharei Mot Kedoshim Emor Behar Bechukotai NUMBERS Bemidbar Naso Beha alotecha Shelach Korach Chukat Balak Pinchas Matot Masei DEUTERONOMY Devarim Va etchanan Eikev Re eh Shoftim Teitzei Tavo Nitzavim Vayeilech Ha azinu Vezot Habrachah 45 ןנחתאו

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5 45 ו א ת ח נּ ן Va etchanan Overview A s we have pointed out, the Book of Deuteronomy is in effect a restatement of the first four books of the Torah, couched in such a way as to make them relevant for the generation that was about to enter the Land of Israel. As such, the first parashah of Deuteronomy, parashat Devarim, parallels Genesis, the first book of the Torah. Just as the Book of Genesis describes the historical background for the Torah in general, detailing the necessity for the creation of the Jewish people, so does parashat Devarim describe the historical background for the restatement of the Torah in the Book of Deuteronomy, detailing the events that necessitated the forty-year detainment in the desert and the rise of a new generation that would enter the land. The present parashah, parashat Va etchanan, parallels Exodus, the second book of the Torah. The Book of Exodus laid the theological underpinnings of the Jewish people s existence: their distinction from other peoples (the Exodus), their unique covenant with God and attendant belief system (the Giving of the Torah), and their purpose as a people (to make the world a home for God, as encapsulated in the Tabernacle). In a parallel manner, parashat Va etchanan describes the spiritual uniqueness of the new generation (as we will discuss presently), restates the covenant with God on their level (the repetition of the Ten Commandments), and transforms the imperative to make the world God s home into the basic, central statement of Judaism: the Shema. This explains why, in parashat Va etchanan, Moses recounts historical events that preceded those he reviewed in parashat Devarim. Although the events reviewed in parashat Devarim took place later chronologically, in terms of the thematic development of the Book of Deuteronomy they come first: they provide the rationale for the repetition of the drama of Mount Sinai and the Giving of the Torah that forms the subject of parashat Va etchanan. Parashat Va etchanan opens with Moses description of how, at the end of the forty-year detour in the desert, he once again pleaded with God to let him enter the Land of Israel, and how God refused his request. In light of what we have just said, it would seem that this should form part of the historical material reviewed in the preceding parashah, which concludes with the events immediately preceding Moses prayer. Why then, is it placed here, at the beginning of parashat Va etchanan? 25

6 Overview of VA ETCHANAN Moses knew that the generation standing before him was not on the same level of spiritual perception as that of the preceding generation, who had witnessed the miracles of the Exodus and the Giving of the Torah. He therefore understood that their confrontation with the materiality of the physical world would be a struggle, and that it would take time perhaps a long time until they would accomplish the purpose for which they were entering the land. He therefore wanted to accompany them into the land in order to boost their Divine consciousness, as much as possible, to his level. True, they had not seen what he and his generation had seen, but they might be inspired by the intensity of his communion with God. If he would cross the Jordan with them, it might give them the strength to conquer the land and take possession of it in the fullest, most spiritual sense. As we will see, 1 the spiritual perception of the generation of the desert compared to that of the generation of the conquest was like that of sight compared to hearing. When we see something, we do not need to be convinced of what we saw: we know it to be so; after all, we saw it. In contrast, when we hear something (or hear about something), we may be convinced of what we heard, but our conviction can be overturned by persuasion and argument. Seeing is a direct perception and therefore incontrovertible, whereas hearing is indirect and therefore subject to challenge. Thus, even if the Jews of the generation entering the Land of Israel would not doubt the truth of their Jewish beliefs for a moment, the façade of materiality would still have a louder voice in their minds than it ever could have had in their parents. The reality of God and the subordination of the physical to the spiritual had simply not been burned into their souls with the same intensity. Thus, Moses wanted to impart this spiritual sight to the new generation. God, You took the initiative to show Your servant Your magnanimity. Please let me cross over and see the good land. 2 Had he been able to see the land from within with his eyes, it would have looked different to the entire Jewish people. But God only let him see the land from afar. Ascend to the peak of Mount Nebo and lift up your eyes westward, northward, southward, and eastward, and see it, but only from afar, with your eyes for you will not cross this Jordan River. 3 Resigned to the fact that his people would not attain this level of Divine perception, he instructed them to at least listen to the decrees and the laws that I am teaching you, 4 thus setting the tone for the rest of his address to them, and indeed, for the rest of the Book of Deuteronomy. But why did God refuse Moses request to enter the land? Why did He not want the Jewish people to attain Moses level of spiritual perception, which would enable them to accomplish their task in the land that much swifter and better? The answer, of course, is that despite the advantages of sight over hearing, there is also an advantage of hearing over sight. True, when we see something, our sense of the reality of what we see is much stronger than when we only hear about it. However, this experience of certainty is solely due to the force of the experience and not to any work we have done in refining our perception. It is a certainty imposed upon us from without rather than one that solidifies gradually from within. Therefore, its effect on us as people, albeit powerful, is superficial and ephemeral. Once we are no longer looking at what we saw, our 1. On 4:35 & Deuteronomy 3: Ibid., v Ibid., 4:1. 26

7 Overview of VA ETCHANAN experience of it begins to fade, eventually becoming weak enough to be challenged. In contrast, the conviction of truth we arrive at indirectly engages us to a much greater and more profound degree. In the course of reaching this conviction, we have to struggle with the arguments and perceptions posed by the world, which challenge and conflict with this truth. By answering and overcoming these tests, we are changed in the process. Since, as we know, the purpose of creation is that Divine consciousness permeate reality to the greatest extent possible, that our entire being be filled with the knowledge of God, it is clear that in order for this to be accomplished, it was imperative that Moses not accompany the Jewish people across the Jordan. When we will have refined reality to the greatest extent possible by dint of our own efforts, we too will be granted the spiritual perception of Moses, as it is written, And the glory of God will be revealed, and all flesh will see it together. 5 Nonetheless, as we have learned, 6 the prayer of a righteous person is always fulfilled in some way. So, Moses request that the Jewish people be given his level of spiritual vision was indeed granted on some level. Thus, each of us possesses an inner vision of reality that affords us absolute certainty with regard to issues of Jewish faith. Based on this inner sight, this unshakable inner conviction, we can withstand any of the worldly deceptions with which material reality challenges us; we can preserve our own Divine consciousness and disseminate it throughout the world, as well. This undertone of certainty enables us to enter our own promised land, our arena of life-challenges, and confidently stride forward toward the ultimate and final Redemption Isaiah 40:5. 6. On Exodus 27: Based on Likutei Torah 4:3cd; Likutei Sichot, vol. 9, pp. 57, 81-83; Sichot Kodesh 5737, vol. 2, pp

8 ואתחנן First Reading 3:23 ו א ת ח נ ן א ל י הו ה ב ע ת ה ה וא ל אמ ר: 24 א ד נ י י הו ה א ת ה ה ח ל ות ל ה ר א ות א ת ע ב ד ך א ת ג ד ל ך ו א ת י ד ך ה ח ז ק ה א ש ר מ י א ל ב ש מ י ם וב א ר ץ א ש ר י ע ש ה כ מ ע ש י ך ו כ ג ב ור ת ך: 25 א ע ב ר ה נ א ו א ר א ה א ת ה א ר ץ ה ט וב ה א ש ר ב ע ב ר ה י ר ד ן ה ה ר ה ט וב ה ז ה ו ה ל ב נ ן: 26 ו י ת ע ב ר י הו ה ב י ל מ ע נ כ ם ו ל א ש מ ע א ל י ו י אמ ר י הו ה א ל י ר ב ל ך א ל ת וס ף ד ב ר א ל י ע וד ב ד ב ר ה ז ה: 27 ע ל ה ר א ש ה פ ס ג ה ו ש א ע ינ י ך י מ ה ו צ פ נ ה ו ת ימ נ ה ומ ז ר ח ה ור א ה ב ע ינ י ך כ י ל א ת ע ב ר א ת ה י ר ד ן ה ז ה: 23 ו א ת ח נ ן. א ין "ח נ ו ן" ב כ ל מ קו ם א ל א ל ש ו ן מ ת נ ת ח נ ם, א ף ע ל פ י ש י ש ל ה ם ל צ ד יק ים ל ת לו ת ב מ ע ש יה ם ה ט ו ב ים, א ין מ ב ק ש ים מ א ת ה מ קו ם א ל א מ ת נ ת ח נ ם. ל פ י ש א מ ר לו : 1 "ו ח נ ת י א ת א ש ר א ח ן", א מ ר לו ב ל ש ו ן "ו א ת ח נ ן". ד ב ר א ח ר: ז ה א ח ד מ ע ש ר ה ל ש ו נו ת ש נ ק ר את "ת פ ל ה", כ ד א ית א ב ס פ ר י: ב ע ת ה ה וא. ל א ח ר ש כ ב ש ת י א ר ץ ס יחו ן ו עו ג, ד מ ית י ש מ א ה ת ר ה נ ד ר: ל אמ ר. ז ה א ח ד מ ש ל ש ה מ קו מו ת ש א מ ר מ ש ה ל פ נ י ה מ קו ם: א ינ י מ נ יח ך ע ד ש ת ו ד יע נ י א ם ת ע ש ה ש א ל ת י א ם ל או: 24 ה' א ל ה ים. ר חו ם ב ד ין: א ת ה ה ח ל ו ת ל ה ר או ת א ת ע ב ד ך. פ ת ח ל ה יו ת עו מ ד ו מ ת פ ל ל א ף ע ל פ י ש נ ג ז ר ה ג ז ר ה. מ מ ך ל מ ד ת י ש א מ ר ת ל י : 2 "ו ע ת ה ה נ יח ה ל י", ו כ י תו פ ס ה י ית י ב ך? א ל א ל פ ת ח פ ת ח, ש ב י ה י ה ת לו י ל ה ת פ ל ל ע ל יה ם, כ מו כ ן ה י ית י ס בו ר ל ע ש ו ת ע כ ש ו: א ת ג ד ל ך. זו מ ד ת טו ב ך, ו כ ן הו א או מ ר : 3 "ו ע ת ה י ג ד ל נ א כ ח א ד נ י": ו א ת י ד ך. זו י מ ינ ך, ש ה יא פ ש ו ט ה ל כ ל ב א י עו ל ם: ה ח ז ק ה. ש א ת ה כ ו ב ש ב ר ח מ ים א ת מ ד ת ONKELOS RASHI 1. שמות לג, יט. 2. שמות לב, י. 3. במדבר יד, יז. 4. דברים ב, לא. 4. תהלים קו, לב. 5. פסוק כה. 6. דברים לד, א. ה ד ין ב ח ז ק ה: א ש ר מ י א ל ו גו '. א ינ ך דו מ ה ל מ ל ך ב ש ר ו ד ם, ש י ש לו יו ע צ ין ו ס נ ק ת ד ר ין ה מ מ ח ין ב י דו כ ש רו צ ה ל ע ש ו ת ח ס ד ו ל ע ב ר ע ל מ ד ו ת יו, א ת ה א ין מ י י מ ח ה ב י ד ך א ם ת מ ח ל ל י ו ת ב ט ל ג ז ר ת ך. ו ל פ י פ ש ו טו : "א ת ה ה ח ל ו ת ל ה ר או ת א ת ע ב ד ך " מ ל ח מ ת ס יחו ן ו עו ג, כ ד כ ת יב : 4 "ר א ה ה ח ל ת י ת ת ל פ נ יך ", ה ר א נ י מ ל ח מ ת ש ל ש ים ו א ח ד מ ל כ ים: 25 א ע ב ר ה נ א. א ין "נ א" א ל א ל ש ו ן ב ק ש ה: ה ה ר ה ט ו ב ה ז ה. זו י רו ש ל י ם: ו ה ל ב נ ן. ז ה ב ית ה מ ק ד ש : 26 ו י ת ע ב ר ה'. נ ת מ ל א ח מ ה: ל מ ע נ כ ם. ב ש ב יל כ ם א ת ם ג ר מ ת ם ל י. ו כ ן הו א או מ ר : 4 "ו י ק צ יפו ע ל מ י מ ר יב ה, ו י ר ע ל מ ש ה ב ע בו ר ם": ר ב ל ך. ש ל א י אמ רו : ה ר ב כ מ ה ק ש ה, ו ה ת ל מ יד כ מ ה ס ר ב ן ו מ פ צ יר. ד ב ר א ח ר: "ר ב ל ך ", ה ר ב ה מ ז ה ש מו ר ל ך, ר ב טו ב ה צ פו ן ל ך : 27 ו ר א ה ב ע ינ יך. ב ק ש ת מ מ נ י : 5 "ו א ר א ה א ת ה א ר ץ ה ט ו ב ה", א נ י מ ר א ה ל ך א ת כ ל ה, ש נ א מ ר : 6 "ו י ר א הו ה' א ת כ ל ה א ר ץ": 3:23 ו צ ל ית י ק ד ם י י ב ע ד נ א ה ה יא ל מ ימ ר: 24 י י א ל ה ים א ת ש ר ית א ל א ח ז א ה י ת ע ב ד ך י ת ר בו ת ך ו י ת י ד ך ת ק פ ת א ד י א ת הו א א ל ה א ד ש כ ינ ת ך ב ש מ י א מ ל ע ל א ו ש ל יט ב א ר ע א ו ל ית ד י ע ב ד כ עו ב ד יך ו כ ג ב ר ו ת יך : 25 א ע ב ר כ ע ן ו א ח ז י י ת א ר ע א ט ב ת א ד י ב ע ב ר א ד י ר ד נ א טו ר א ט ב א ה ד ין ו ב ית מ ק ד ש א: 26 ו ה ו ה ר ג ז מ ן ק ד ם י י ע ל י ב ד ל כו ן ו ל א ק ב ל מ נ י ו א מ ר י י ל י ס ג י ל ך ל א תו ס ף ל מ ל ל א ק ד מ י עו ד ב פ ת ג מ א ה ד ין: 27 ס ק ל ר יש ר מ ת א ו ז קו ף ע ינ יך ל מ ע ר ב א ו ל צ פ ו נ א ו ל ד רו מ א ו ל מ ד נ ח א ו ח ז י ב ע ינ יך א ר י ל א ת ע ב ר י ת י ר ד נ א ה ד ין: resistance. This miraculous conquest would have been a direct continuation of the miraculous Exodus from Egypt, which had stricken the nations occupying the Land of Israel with intense fear, as the Jews proclaimed at the Song of the Sea: Nations heard and became angered; terror gripped those who dwell in Philistia. The chieftains of Edom became disoriented; trembling seized the mighty men of Moab; all the inhabitants of Canaan melted away. 11 However, now that Joshua was going to lead them, the Israelites would have to battle the Canaanite nations without relying on open miracles, and this would require them to evince self-sacrifice. They would now have to summon their deepest inner strength and dedication to their purpose in order to win the wars. This is another example that demonstrates how the purpose of revealing Divinity to the greatest extent possible in the world here evinced by the 11. Exodus 15:

9 Deuteronomy 3:23-27 Va etchanan 27 You will not cross this Jordan River: As we have mentioned previously, 10 had Moses himself led the people into the Promised Land, their entry would God s Forgiveness 3:23 Moses continued, Seeing that God had allowed me to assign the territory that we conquered on the eastern side of the Jordan River to some of the tribes, 1 I thought that He might now be reconsidering His decree not to let me enter the land, thus intending to let me finish dividing it among all the tribes. I therefore thought it an opportune time to reiterate my profound desire to enter the Land of Israel. Moses prayed for this clemency in consideration of his many good deeds, 2 but as righteous people typically do he also solicited God s absolute, undeserved mercy, 3 feeling that his merits were not sufficient to warrant his prayer being accepted. I both prayed to God and entreated Him at that time, saying, 24 God, I know that You are merciful even when meting out justice, 4 for when the people sinned by making the Golden Calf, You took the initiative to show me, Your servant, Your magnanimity; that Your right hand, which metes out lovingkindness, is stronger than Your left hand, which metes out strict justice, and can overcome it; and that it is our prayers that make Your mercy override Your justice. 5 That is why I am praying to You now and requesting mercy. For who is like You, God, in heaven or on earth, who can match Your deeds and Your might? Mortal kings have advisors who convince him not to be lenient or merciful, but You can do whatever You please. And I see now that You have begun to let me conquer the land. 25 My request: Please let me cross over the Jordan River, complete the conquest of the land, and see the good land that is on the other side of the Jordan River, including the good mountain that You will choose as the location of the Temple and the constructed and functioning Temple itself, which is termed the Lebanon [Levanon] because it whitens [from lavan, white ] the sins of the people. Please tell me whether You will grant this request But God was angry with me because of my improper response to you when you complained against Him at Kadesh, 7 and He therefore did not heed me. God said to me, Your entreaty in this regard suffices for Me to understand how important this matter is for you. Speak to Me no more regarding this matter, so that people should not consider Me harsh and you pestering. Furthermore, a reward for your merits much better than what you are requesting awaits you in the afterlife However, I will allow you to see not only the good parts of the land, that is, its exceptional parts, as you requested, but all of it. 9 Ascend to the peak of Mount Nebo and lift up your eyes westward, northward, southward, and eastward, and see it, but only from afar, with your eyes for you will not cross this Jordan River. have been miraculous: they would have been led by the Clouds of Glory and the pillar of fire, and the nations occupying the land would have offered no 1. Likutei Sichot, vol. 9, p. 9, note Cf. Leviticus 26:3. 3. Cf. Exodus 33:19; Likutei Sichot, vol. 24, p. 31, note This is indicated by the Names by which Moses addresses God: Adni ( Lord ) and Havayah (indicating God s attribute of mercy), the latter vocalized as Elokim (indicating His attribute of justice). 5. Exodus 32: Rashi on v. 23, above, and on Numbers 12: Numbers 20:1-13; above, 1: Likutei Sichot, vol. 24, p. 15, note 34, and p Below, 34: Overview to parashat Shelach

10 ואתחנן First Reading 28 ו צ ו א ת י ה ו ש ע ו ח ז ק ה ו ו א מ צ ה ו כ י ה וא י ע ב ר ל פ נ י ה ע ם ה ז ה ו ה וא י נ ח יל א ות ם א ת ה א ר ץ א ש ר ת ר א ה: 29 ו נ ש ב ב ג י א מ ול ב ית פ ע ור: פ 4:1 ו ע ת ה י ש ר א ל ש מ ע א ל ה ח ק ים ו א ל ה מ ש פ ט ים א ש ר א נ כ י מ ל מ ד א ת כ ם ל ע ש ות ל מ ע ן ת ח י ו וב את ם ו יר ש ת ם א ת ה א ר ץ א ש ר י הו ה א לה י א ב ת יכ ם נ ת ן ל כ ם: 2 ל א ת ס פ ו ע ל ה ד ב ר א ש ר א נ כ י מ צ ו ה א ת כ ם ו ל א ת ג ר ע ו מ מ נ ו ל ש מ ר א ת מ צ ו ת י הו ה א ל ה יכ ם א ש ר א נ כ י מ צ ו ה א ת כ ם: 3 ע ינ יכ ם ה ר א ות א ת א ש ר ע ש ה י הו ה ב ב ע ל פ ע ור כ י כ ל ה א י ש א ש ר ה ל ך א ח ר י ב ע ל פ ע ור ה ש מ יד ו י הו ה א לה י ך מ ק ר ב ך: 4 ו א ת ם ה ד ב ק ים ב יהו ה א ל ה יכ ם ח י ים כ ל כ ם ה י ום: 28 ו צ ו א ת י הו ש ע. ע ל ה ט ר חו ת ו ע ל ה מ ש או ת ו ע ל ה מ ר יבו ת: ו ח ז ק הו ו א מ צ הו. ב ד ב ר יך, ש ל א י ר ך ל ב ו לו מ ר, "כ ש ם ש נ ע נ ש ר ב י ע ל יה ם, כ ך סו פ י ל ע נ ש ע ל יה ם", מ ב ט יחו א נ י כ י הו א י ע ב ר ו הו א י נ ח יל: כ י הו א י ע ב ר. א ם י ע ב ר ל פ נ יה ם י נ ח לו, ו א ם ל או ל א י נ ח לו. ו כ ן א ת ה מו צ א כ ש ש ל ח מ ן ה ע ם א ל ה ע י ו הו א י ש ב "ו י כ ו מ ה ם א נ ש י ה ע י" ו גו ', ו כ יו ן ש נ פ ל ע ל פ נ יו, א מ ר לו : "ק ם ל ך ". "ק ם ל ך " כ ת יב, א ת ה ONKELOS 28 ו פ ק ד י ת י הו ש ע ו ת ק פ ה י ו א ל מ ה י א ר י הו א י ע ב ר ק ד ם ע מ א ה ד ין ו הו א י ח ס ן י ת הו ן י ת א ר ע א ד י ת ח ז י: 29 ו ית יב נ א ב ח יל ת א ל ק ב ל ב ית פ עו ר: 4:1 ו כ ע ן י ש ר א ל ש מ ע ל ק י מ י א ו ל ד ינ י א ד י א נ א מ א ל ף י ת כו ן ל מ ע ב ד ב ד יל ד ת חו ן ו ת יע לו ן ו ת יר תו ן י ת א ר ע א ד י י י א ל ה א ד א ב ה ת כו ן י ה ב ל כו ן: 2 ל א תו ס פו ן ע ל פ ת ג מ א ד י א נ א מ פ ק ד י ת כו ן ו ל א ת מ נ עו ן מ נ ה ל מ ט ר י ת פ ק ו ד י א ד יי א ל ה כו ן ד י א נ א מ פ ק ד י ת כו ן: 3 ע ינ יכו ן ח ז א ה י ת ד י ע ב ד י י ב ב ע ל פ עו ר א ר י כ ל ג ב ר א ד י א ז ל ב ת ר ב ע ל פ עו ר ש צ י ה י י א ל ה ך מ ב ינ ך : 4 ו א ת ו ן ד א ד ב ק ת ו ן ב ד ח ל ת א ד יי א ל ה כו ן ק י מ ין כ ל כו ן יו מ א ד ין: RASHI הו א ה עו מ ד ב מ קו מ ך ו מ ש ל ח א ת ב נ י ל מ ל ח מ ה, "ל מ ה ז ה א ת ה נ פ ל ע ל פ נ יך ", ל א כ ך א מ ר ת י ל מ ש ה ר ב ך : א ם הו א עו ב ר עו ב ר ין, ו א ם ל או א ין עו ב ר ין: 29 ו נ ש ב ב ג יא ו גו '. ו נ צ מ ד ת ם ל ע בו ד ה ז ר ה, ו א ף ע ל פ י כ ן "ו ע ת ה י ש ר א ל ש מ ע א ל ה ח ק ים", ו ה כ ל מ חו ל ל ך, ו א נ י ל א ז כ ית י ל מ ח ל ל י: 2 ל א ת ס יפו. כ גו ן ח מ ש פ ר ש י ו ת ב ת פ ל ין, ח מ ש ת מ ינ ין ב לו ל ב, ו ח מ ש צ יצ י ו ת, ו כ ן "ו ל א ת ג ר עו ": Pe or, how God, your God, exterminated from your midst every individual who abandoned God and followed Ba al Pe or. 4 In contrast, all of you who are alive today are lovingly attached 21 to God, your God. 22 Israelites unshakable dedication to their Divine mission was better served by Moses not crossing the Jordan along with the Jewish people So now, O Israel: As has been pointed out previously, 24 the name Israel connotes the victor in battle, he who has striven with God and with men and has prevailed. 25 It is specifically now, i.e., during the present order when the Divine soul must combat the innate drives of the animal soul that the Jewish people are referred to as Israel, with regard to their victory in this struggle. In the World to Come, however, when physical reality will reveal its true Godly source and this battle will no longer be necessary, the Jewish people will no longer be referred to by this name. We are taught that since the Divine soul will then be able to manifest itself unhindered, the righteous will then be identified using God s own Name every Jew will be a transparent conduit for Divinity into the world. 26 Therefore, Moses begins by saying, Now, O Israel Whereas you, who cleave to God: One could 21. Likutei Sichot, vol. 14, p See below, 29:1-5 and 31:9; Likutei Sichot, vol. 14, pp. 55, Likutei Sichot, vol. 9, pp , 82; Sefer HaSichot 5751, pp On Genesis 32: Genesis 32: Bava Batra 75b; Torah Or, Shemot, vol. 7, p Likutei Torah 4:38a

11 Deuteronomy 3:28-4:4 Va etchanan 28 Instead, prepare your successor to cross the river and lead the people into the land. Command Joshua not to be fazed by the people s troublesomeness, mistrust of their leaders, and general litigiousness. 12 Strengthen him and encourage him, lest he fear that just as I am denying you entrance into the land because of your shortcomings, so will I eventually do the same to him. For despite any shortcomings he may have, he will nevertheless cross over the Jordan River before this people, and he will apportion to them the land that you will merely see. I am making his success dependent on one condition: that he travel before this people, leading them into battle himself; only then will he be able to conquer and apportion the land to them. They will lose any battles he does not lead. 29 After we conquered the territory of Sichon and Og and I apportioned it to some of your tribes which, as I mentioned, is what inspired me to ask God to reconsider allowing me to enter the Promised Land we moved on to the plains of Moab, where we are presently located. We abided in the valley opposite Shitim, also known as Beit Pe or [ the house of Pe or ], where some of you were lured into committing lechery and idolatry. 13 Despite this, you have been forgiven for your sins and will soon cross over into the Promised Land, whereas I did not merit to be forgiven and will therefore not cross over into it. See, then, how gracious God has been to you. The Importance of the Commandments 4:1 So now, O Israel, listen to the rules and to the ordinances that I am teaching you to observe, in order that you may live and enter and take possession of the land that God, God of your forefathers, is giving you. 2 The commandments are perfect; you do not need to try to enhance them in any way. Do not add anything to what I command you, nor subtract from it, in order to observe the commandments of God, your God, that I am commanding you exactly as they should be observed. For example, you will eventually be commanded to put four written passages of the Torah in your tefilin; 14 do not instead put five in them. Since there are only four passages in the Torah that mention tefilin, adding a fifth passage about something else in order to expand the scope of the commandment will on the contrary mitigate the impact of the commandment. 15 Similarly, do not hold five different types of plants on Sukot instead of four; 16 since only the four that God specified have the property of augmenting joy, holding a different type of plant, which does not share this property, would mitigate the effect of holding the other four. 17 A further example: do not attach five tassels onto a four-cornered garment instead of four tassels; 18 since the tassels are intended to remind you of the four expressions God used when He described how He was going to take you out of Egypt, 19 adding a fifth tassel might make you think of something else, thereby mitigating the impact of this commandment. 20 By the same token, in each of these cases, do not use three items instead of four. 3 You have seen with your own eyes what God did in the incident involving Ba al 12. Above, 1: Numbers 25: Below, 6:8, 11: Likutei Sichot, vol. 9, p. 53, note Leviticus 23: Sichot Kodesh 5729, vol. 2, pp. 418, Numbers 15: Numbers 15: Sichot Kodesh 5729, vol. 2, p

12 ואתחנן Second Reading ONKELOS 5 ח זו ד א ל פ ית י ת כו ן ק י מ י א ו ד ינ י א כ מ א ד י פ ק ד נ י י י א ל ה י ל מ ע ב ד כ ן ב גו א ר ע א ד י א ת ו ן ע ל ין ל ת מ ן ל מ יר ת ה : 6 ו ת ט רו ן ו ת ע ב דו ן א ר י ה יא ח כ מ ת כו ן ו סו כ ל ת נו ת כו ן ל ע ינ י ע מ מ י א ד י י ש מ עו ן י ת כ ל ק י מ י א ה א ל ין ו י ימ רו ן ל חו ד ע ם ח כ ים ו סו כ ל ת ן ע מ א ר ב א ה ד ין: 7 א ר י מ אן ע ם ר ב ד י ל ה א ל ה א ק ר יב ל ה ל ק ב ל א צ לו ת ה ב ע ד ן ע ק ת ה כ יי א ל ה נ א ב כ ל ע ד ן ד א נ ח נ א מ צ ל ין ק ד מו ה י: 8 ו מ אן ע ם ר ב ד י ל ה ק י מ ין ו ד ינ ין ק ש יט ין כ כ ל או ר י ת א ה ד א ד י א נ א י ה ב ק ד מ יכו ן יו מ א ד ין: 9 ל חו ד א ס ת מ ר ל ך ו ט ר נ פ ש ך ל ח ד א ד ל מ א ת נ ש י י ת פ ת ג מ י א ד י ח ז א ה ע ינ יך ו ד ל מ א י ע ד ו ן מ ל ב ך כ ל יו מ י ח י יך ו ת הו ד ע נ ו ן ל ב נ יך ו ל ב נ י ב נ יך : 10 יו מ א ד י ק מ ת א ק ד ם י י א ל ה ך ב ח ר ב כ ד א מ ר י י ל י כ נ ש ק ד מ י י ת ע מ א ו א ש מ ע נ ו ן י ת פ ת ג מ י ד י י יל פו ן ל מ ד ח ל ק ד מ י כ ל יו מ י א ד י א נ ו ן ק י מ ין ע ל א ר ע א ו י ת ב נ יהו ן י ל פו ן: 11 ו ק ר יב ת ו ן ו ק מ ת ו ן ב ש פ ו ל י טו ר א ו טו ר א ב ע ר ב א ש א ע ד צ ית ש מ י א ח ש ו כ א ע נ נ א ו א מ יט ת א: 12 ו מ ל יל י י ע מ כו ן מ ג ו א ש א ק ל פ ת ג מ ין א ת ו ן ש מ ע ין ו ד מו ת ל ית יכו ן ח ז ן א ל ה ין ק ל א: 13 ו ח ו י ל כו ן י ת ק י מ ה ד י פ ק יד י ת כו ן ל מ ע ב ד ע ש ר א פ ת ג מ ין ו כ ת ב נ ו ן ע ל ת ר ין לו ח י א ב נ י א: שני 5 ר א ה ל מ ד ת י א ת כ ם ח ק ים ומ ש פ ט ים כ א ש ר צ ו נ י י הו ה א לה י ל ע ש ות כ ן ב ק ר ב ה א ר ץ א ש ר א ת ם ב א ים ש מ ה ל ר ש ת ה: 6 ו ש מ ר ת ם ו ע ש ית ם כ י ה וא ח כ מ ת כ ם וב ינ ת כ ם ל ע ינ י ה ע מ ים א ש ר י ש מ ע ון א ת כ ל ה ח ק ים ה א ל ה ו א מ ר ו ר ק ע ם ח כ ם ו נ ב ון ה ג וי ה ג ד ול ה ז ה: 7 כ י מ י ג וי ג ד ול א ש ר ל ו א לה ים ק ר ב ים א ל יו כ יהו ה א לה ינ ו ב כ ל ק ר א נ ו א ל יו: 8 ומ י ג וי ג ד ול א ש ר ל ו ח ק ים ומ ש פ ט ים צ ד יק ם כ כ ל ה ת ור ה ה ז את א ש ר א נ כ י נ ת ן ל פ נ יכ ם ה י ום: 9 ר ק ה ש מ ר ל ך ו ש מ ר נ פ ש ך מ א ד פ ן ת ש כ ח א ת ה ד ב ר ים א ש ר ר א ו ע ינ י ך ופ ן י ס ור ו מ ל ב ב ך כ ל י מ י ח י י ך ו ה וד ע ת ם ל ב נ י ך ו ל ב נ י ב נ י ך: 10 י ום א ש ר ע מ ד ת ל פ נ י י הו ה א לה י ך ב ח ר ב ב א מ ר י הו ה א ל י ה ק ה ל ל י א ת ה ע ם ו א ש מ ע ם א ת ד ב ר י א ש ר י ל מ ד ון ל י ר א ה א ת י כ ל ה י מ ים א ש ר ה ם ח י ים ע ל ה א ד מ ה ו א ת ב נ יה ם י ל מ ד ון: 11 ו ת ק ר ב ון ו ת ע מ ד ון ת ח ת ה ה ר ו ה ה ר ב ע ר ב א ש ע ד ל ב ה ש מ י ם ח ש ך ע נ ן ו ע ר פ ל: 12 ו י ד ב ר י הו ה א ל יכ ם מ ת ו ך ה א ש ק ול ד ב ר ים א ת ם ש מ ע ים ות מ ונ ה א ינ כ ם ר א ים ז ול ת י ק ול: 13 ו י ג ד ל כ ם א ת ב ר ית ו א ש ר צ ו ה א ת כ ם ל ע ש ות ע ש ר ת ה ד ב ר ים ו י כ ת ב ם ע ל ש נ י ל ח ות א ב נ ים: 6 ו ש מ ר ת ם. זו מ ש נ ה: ו ע ש ית ם. כ מ ש מ עו : כ י ה וא ח כ מ ת כ ם ו ב ינ ת כ ם ו גו '. ב ז את ת ח ש בו ח כ מ ים ו נ בו נ ים ל ע ינ י ה ע מ ים: 8 ח ק ים ו מ ש פ ט ים צ ד יק ם. ה גו נ ים ו מ ק ב ל ים: 9 ר ק ה ש מ ר ל ך ו גו ' פ ן ת ש כ ח א ת ה ד ב ר ים. א ז כ ש ל א ת ש כ חו או ת ם ו ת ע ש ו ם ע ל א מ ת ת ם, ת ח ש בו ח כ מ ים ו נ בו נ ים, ו א ם ת ע ו תו או ת ם RASHI מ ת ו ך ש כ ח ה, ת ח ש בו ש ו ט ים: 10 יו ם א ש ר ע מ ד ת. מו ס ב ע ל מ ק ר א ש ל מ ע ל ה מ מ נ ו "א ש ר ר או ע ינ יך יו ם א ש ר ע מ ד ת ב ח ר ב", א ש ר ר א ית ם א ת ה ק ו לו ת ו א ת ה ל פ יד ים: י ל מ דו ן. י ל פו ן ל ע צ מ ם: י ל מ דו ן. י א ל פו ן ל א ח ר ים: true, Divine personalities can shine forth in all their unique individuality. The same principle applies quantitatively : the more we surrender our apparent individuality to God s omnipresence, thereby connecting to our true source of life, the more our earthly, limited lives take on something of the eternal longevity of spiritual beings. Indeed, Rabbi DovBer, the Maggid of Mezeritch, 35 teaches that the angels immortality is due to their consummate fear of Heaven resulting from their constant awareness of God Cited also in Pelach HaRimon, Shemot, p Siddur im Dach 82cd

13 Deuteronomy 4:5-13 Va etchanan Second Reading 5 Behold, as God, my God, commanded me to, I have taught you rules and ordinances for you to abide by when you will live in the land that you are entering in order to possess. 6 You must safeguard these rules and ordinances i.e., make sure you are performing them properly by constantly studying the Torah s instructions how to perform them, and then you must perform them, for that is what will attest to your wisdom and your understanding in the eyes of the peoples, who will hear all these rules and say, Only this great nation is such a wise and understanding people. 7 For what great nation is there that has a god as near to it as God, our God, is to us whenever we call upon Him? 8 And what great nation is there that has rules and ordinances as just and relevant as this entire Torah, which I am setting before you this day? 9 Therefore, be wary and guard yourself carefully lest you forget what you have learned and start observing God s rules and ordinances incorrectly, for if you do, you will appear foolish rather than wise. In addition, take care lest you forget the foundation underlying your observance of these rules and ordinances, namely, the things that you saw with your own eyes at Mount Sinai when God gave you the Torah, and lest these things depart from your heart all the days of your life and you must impart them as well to your children and to your children s children: 10 the Divine revelation you experienced on the day you stood before God, your God, at Mount Horeb, when God said to me, Assemble the people for Me; I will let them hear My words, in order that they learn to revere Me all the days that they live on the earth, and in order that they teach their children to revere Me, as well. 11 You approached and stood at the foot of the mountain; 28 the mountain burned with fire that rose up to the midst of heaven, 29 and it was enveloped by three degrees of obscurity: darkness, a normal cloud, and a thick cloud God spoke to you out of the midst of the fire. 31 You heard the sound of the words but saw no image; you only heard God s voice. 13 He told you the terms of His covenant 32 the Torah that He commanded you to observe, and summarized it 33 in the Ten Commandments, and He inscribed the Ten Commandments on two stone tablets. 34 very well imagine that the deeper and more complete the relationship we forge with God, the more our own individual concerns and personalities will be diminished. The Torah here teaches us that the opposite is actually true: Our true life and vitality are directly commensurate with the depth of our attachment to the source of all life, God. In fact, what we normally mistake as our personality or persona is largely rooted in the animal drives of our secondary, animal souls. The individual nature of this personality is merely an illusion; inasmuch as we share the same animal drives with the rest of humanity, the personality born of these drives is, at best, a variation on the same, common theme everyone else is living out, and at worst, a vain attempt to establish a sense of self-worth through feigned individuality. In contrast, since God is infinite, the avenues by which His Divinity can manifest itself in reality are also infinite; thus, it is only our Divine personality that is truly unique. It follows that the more we allow our normative personalities to dissolve as we draw closer to God, the more our 28. Exodus 19: Exodus 19: Exodus 19: Exodus 20: Exodus 19:5, 20: Exodus 20: Exodus 31:

14 ואתחנן Second Reading ONKELOS 14 ו א ת י צ ו ה י הו ה ב ע ת ה ה וא ל ל מ ד א ת כ ם ח ק ים ומ ש פ ט ים ל ע ש ת כ ם א ת ם ב א ר ץ א ש ר א ת ם ע ב ר ים ש מ ה ל ר ש ת ה: 15 ו נ ש מ ר ת ם מ א ד ל נ פ ש ת יכ ם כ י ל א ר א ית ם כ ל ת מ ונ ה ב י ום ד ב ר י הו ה א ל יכ ם ב ח ר ב מ ת ו ך ה א ש: 16 פ ן ת ש ח ת ון ו ע ש ית ם ל כ ם פ ס ל ת מ ונ ת כ ל ס מ ל ת ב נ ית ז כ ר א ו נ ק ב ה: 17 ת ב נ ית כ ל ב ה מ ה א ש ר ב א ר ץ ת ב נ ית כ ל צ פ ור כ נ ף א ש ר ת ע וף ב ש מ י ם: 18 ת ב נ ית כ ל ר מ ש ב א ד מ ה ת ב נ ית כ ל ד ג ה א ש ר ב מ י ם מ ת ח ת ל א ר ץ: 19 ופ ן ת ש א ע ינ י ך ה ש מ י מ ה ו ר א ית א ת ה ש מ ש ו א ת ה י ר ח ו א ת ה כ וכ ב ים כ ל צ ב א ה ש מ י ם ו נ ד ח ת ו ה ש ת ח ו ית ל ה ם ו ע ב ד ת ם א ש ר ח ל ק י הו ה א לה י ך א ת ם ל כ ל ה ע מ ים ת ח ת כ ל ה ש מ י ם: 20 ו א ת כ ם ל ק ח י הו ה ו י וצ א א ת כ ם מ כ ור ה ב ר ז ל מ מ צ ר י ם ל ה י ות ל ו ל ע ם נ ח ל ה כ י ום ה ז ה: 21 ו יה ו ה ה ת א נ ף ב י ע ל ד ב ר יכ ם ו י ש ב ע ל ב ל ת י ע ב ר י א ת ה י ר ד ן ול ב ל ת י ב א א ל ה א ר ץ ה ט וב ה א ש ר י הו ה א לה י ך נ ת ן ל ך נ ח ל ה: 22 כ י א נ כ י מ ת ב א ר ץ ה ז את א ינ נ י ע ב ר א ת ה י ר ד ן ו א ת ם ע ב ר ים ו יר ש ת ם א ת ה א ר ץ ה ט וב ה ה ז את: 23 ה ש מ ר ו ל כ ם פ ן ת ש כ ח ו א ת ב ר ית י הו ה א ל ה יכ ם א ש ר כ ר ת ע מ כ ם ו ע ש ית ם ל כ ם פ ס ל ת מ ונ ת כ ל א ש ר צ ו ך י הו ה א לה י ך: 14 ו י ת י פ ק יד י י ב ע ד נ א ה ה יא ל א ל פ א י ת כו ן ק י מ ין ו ד ינ ין ל מ ע ב ד כו ן י ת הו ן ב א ר ע א ד י א ת ו ן ע ב ר ין ל ת מ ן ל מ יר ת ה : 15 ו ת ס ת מ רו ן ל ח ד א ל נ פ ש ת כו ן א ר י ל א ח ז יתו ן כ ל ד מו ת ב יו מ א ד י מ ל יל י י ע מ כו ן ב ח ר ב מ ג ו א ש א: 16 ד ל מ א ת ח ב לו ן ו ת ע ב דו ן ל כו ן צ ל ם ד מו ת כ ל צו ר ה ד מו ת ד כ ר או נו ק ב א: 17 ד מו ת כ ל ב ע יר א ד י ב א ר ע א ד מו ת כ ל צ פ ר ג ד פ א ד י פ ר ח ב א ו יר ר ק יע ש מ י א: 18 ד מו ת כ ל ר ח ש א ד י ב א ר ע א ד מו ת כ ל נו נ י ד י ב מ י א מ ל ר ע ל א ר ע א: 19 ו ד ל מ א ת ז קו ף ע ינ יך ל ש מ י א ו ת ח ז י י ת ש מ ש א ו י ת ס יה ר א ו י ת כ ו כ ב י א כ ל ח יל י ש מ י א ו ת ט ע י ו ת ס ג ו ד ל הו ן ו ת פ ל ח נ ו ן ד י ז מ ין י י א ל ה ך י ת הו ן ל כ ל ע מ מ י א ד ת חו ת כ ל ש מ י א: 20 ו י ת כו ן ק ר יב י י ל ד ח ל ת ה ו א פ ק י ת כו ן מ כ ו ר א ד פ ר ז ל א מ מ צ ר י ם ל מ ה ו י ל ה ל ע ם א ח ס נ א כ יו מ א ה ד ין: 21 ו מ ן ק ד ם י י ה ו ה ר ג ז ע ל י ע ל פ ת ג מ יכו ן ו ק י ים ב ד יל ד ל א ל מ ע ב ר י י ת י ר ד נ א ו ב ד יל ד ל א ל מ יע ל ל א ר ע א ט ב ת א ד י י י א ל ה ך י ה ב ל ך א ח ס נ א: 22 א ר י א נ א מ א ית ב א ר ע א ה ד א ל ית א נ א ע ב ר י ת י ר ד נ א ו א ת ו ן ע ב ר ין ו ת יר תו ן י ת א ר ע א ט ב ת א ה ד א: 23 א ס ת מ רו ל כו ן ד ל מ א ת ת נ ש ו ן י ת ק י מ א ד יי א ל ה כו ן ד י ג ז ר ע מ כו ן ו ת ע ב דו ן ל כו ן צ ל ם ד מו ת כ ל א ד י פ ק ד ך י י א ל ה ך : 14 ו או ת י צ ו ה ה' ב ע ת ה ה וא ל ל מ ד א ת כ ם. ת ו ר ה ש ב ע ל פ ה: 16 ס מ ל. צו ר ה: 19 ו פ ן ת ש א ע ינ יך. ל ה ס ת כ ל ב ד ב ר ו ל ת ת ל ב ל ט עו ת א ח ר יה ם: א ש ר ח ל ק ה' ו גו ' ל כ ל ה ע מ ים. ל ה א יר ל ה ם. ד ב ר א ח ר: ל א ל הו ת, ל א מ נ ע ן מ ל ט עו ת א ח ר יה ם, א ל א ה ח ל יק ם ב ד ב ר י ה ב ל יה ם ל ט ר ד ם מ ן ה עו ל ם. ו כ ן 7. תהלים לו, ג. RASHI הו א או מ ר : 7 "כ י ה ח ל יק א ל יו ב ע ינ יו, ל מ צ א ע ו נו ל ש נ א": 20 מ כ ו ר. הו א כ ל י ש מ ז ק ק ין ב ו א ת ה ז ה ב: 21 ה ת א נ ף. נ ת מ ל א ר ג ז: ע ל ד ב ר יכ ם. ע ל או דו ת יכ ם ו ע ל ע ס ק יכ ם: 22 כ י א נ כ י מ ת ו גו ' א ינ נ י ע ב ר. מ א ח ר ש מ ת מ ה יכ ן י ע ב ר? א ל א א ף ע צ מו ת י א ינ ם עו ב ר ים: 23 ת מו נ ת כ ל. ת מו נ ת כ ל ד ב ר: א ש ר צ ו ך ה'. א ש ר צ ו ך ע ל יו ש ל א ל ע ש ו ת: yourselves a sculpted image, that is, the likeness of anything which God, your God, has forbidden you to do

15 Deuteronomy 4:14-23 Va etchanan 14 God commanded me at that time, during my first forty days on Mount Sinai after the Giving of the Torah, to teach you the oral explanation of the rules and ordinances, so that you should perform them 37 properly in the land into which you are crossing in order to possess. Entrance to the Promised Land Contingent upon Loyalty to God 15 You must guard yourselves carefully against the temptation to depict what you experienced at Mount Sinai in any visual form, for you did not see any image of God on the day that God spoke to you at Mount Horeb from the midst of the fire. 16 Be careful lest you become degenerate and make a sculpted image for yourselves to worship: 38 the representation of any form, whether it be the likeness of a male or a female human being; 17 the likeness of any beast that is on the earth; the likeness of any winged bird that flies in the sky; 18 the likeness of anything that crawls on the ground; or the likeness of any fish that is in the water lower than the earth surrounding it. 19 Be careful, too, lest you lift up your eyes toward heaven in search of something to worship and see the sun, the moon, the stars, or all the host of heaven, which God, your God, appointed to give light to all people who dwell under the entire heaven i.e., all the peoples of the earth, 39 and be lured to prostrate yourselves before them and worship them. In addition to serving as luminaries, God specifically created the celestial bodies to test humanity to see if they would succumb to the temptation to worship them. But whereas He allowed the other nations to err in this matter and to escape the consequences for the time being, He will not be so generous with you. 20 For, as you see, God took you and brought you out of the iron crucible, that is, out of Egypt, where He refined the dross out of you and forged you into a people whom He can call His heritage, as you are today. 21 As I have said, 40 the reason I am not entering the Promised Land is because God was angry with me at Kadesh because of you, and He swore that I would not cross the Jordan River and that I would not come into the good land that God, your God, is giving you as an inheritance. 22 For I must die and be buried in this land; I will not even cross the Jordan River in a coffin. You, however, have been forgiven and will cross it, and you will take possession of this good land. Residence in the Promised Land Contingent upon Loyalty to God 23 Backsliding into idolatry will not only keep you from entering and conquering the Promised Land; it will also prevent you from remaining in it. Beware, then, lest you forget the covenant of God, your God, that He made with you, and make for 37. Rashi on 29:11, below. 38. Cf. Rashi on Genesis 6: Hitva aduyot 5745, vol. 5, p Above, 1:37-38, 3:

16 ואתחנן Second Reading 24 כ י י הו ה א לה י ך א ש א כ ל ה ה וא א ל ק נ א: פ 25 כ י ת ול יד ב נ ים וב נ י ב נ ים ו נ ו ש נ ת ם ב א ר ץ ו ה ש ח ת ם ו ע ש ית ם פ ס ל ת מ ונ ת כ ל ו ע ש ית ם ה ר ע ב ע ינ י י הו ה א לה י ך ל ה כ ע יס ו: 26 ה ע יד ת י ב כ ם ה י ום א ת ה ש מ י ם ו א ת ה א ר ץ כ י א ב ד ת אב ד ון מ ה ר מ ע ל ה א ר ץ א ש ר א ת ם ע ב ר ים א ת ה י ר ד ן ש מ ה ל ר ש ת ה לא ת א ר יכ ן י מ ים ע ל יה כ י ה ש מ ד ת ש מ ד ון: 27 ו ה פ יץ י הו ה א ת כ ם ב ע מ ים ו נ ש א ר ת ם מ ת י מ ס פ ר ב ג וי ם א ש ר י נ ה ג י הו ה א ת כ ם ש מ ה: 28 ו ע ב ד ת ם ש ם א לה ים מ ע ש ה י ד י א ד ם ע ץ ו א ב ן א ש ר ל א י ר א ון ו ל א י ש מ ע ון ו ל א י אכ ל ון ו ל א י ר יח ן: 29 וב ק ש ת ם מ ש ם א ת י הו ה א לה י ך ומ צ את כ י ת ד ר ש נ ו ב כ ל ל ב ב ך וב כ ל נ פ ש ך: 30 ב צ ר ל ך ומ צ א ו ך כ ל ה ד ב ר ים ה א ל ה ב א ח ר ית ה י מ ים ו ש ב ת ע ד י הו ה א לה י ך ו ש מ ע ת ב ק ל ו: 31 כ י א ל ר ח ום י הו ה א לה י ך ל א י ר פ ך ו ל א י ש ח ית ך ו ל א י ש כ ח א ת ב ר ית א ב ת י ך א ש ר נ ש ב ע ל ה ם: 32 כ י ש א ל נ א ל י מ ים ר א ש נ ים א ש ר ה י ו ל פ נ י ך ל מ ן ה י ום א ש ר ב ר א א לה ים א ד ם ע ל ה א ר ץ ול מ ק צ ה ה ש מ י ם ו ע ד ק צ ה ה ש מ י ם ה נ ה י ה כ ד ב ר ה ג ד ול ה ז ה א ו ה נ ש מ ע כ מ ה ו: 33 ה ש מ ע ע ם ק ול א לה ים מ ד ב ר מ ת ו ך ה א ש כ א ש ר ש מ ע ת א ת ה ו י ח י: 24 א ל ק נ א. מ ק נ א ל נ ק ם, אינפרינדר"א ב ל ע ז, 8 מ ת ח ר ה ע ל ר ג זו ל ה פ ר ע מ עו ב ד י ע בו ד ה ז ר ה: 25 ו נו ש נ ת ם. ר מ ז ל ה ם ש י ג לו מ מ נ ה ל סו ף ש מו נ ה מ או ת ו ח מ ש ים ו ש ת י ם ש נ ה, כ מ נ י ן "ו נו ש נ ת ם". ו הו א ה ק ד ים ו ה ג ל ם ל סו ף ש מו נ ה מ או ת ו ח מ ש ים ו ה ק ד ים ש ת י ש נ ים ל "ו נו ש נ ת ם", כ ד י ש ל א י ת ק י ם ב ה ם : 9 "כ י א ב ד ת אב דו ן". ו ז הו ש נ א מ ר : 10 "ו י ש ק ד ה' ע ל ה ר ע ה ו י ב יא ה ע ל ינו כ י צ ד יק ה' א ל ה ינו " צ ד ק ה ע ש ה ע מ נו, ש מ ה ר ל ה ב יא ה ש ת י ש נ ים ל פ נ י ז מ נ ה : 26 ה ע יד ת י ב כ ם. ה נ נ י מ ז מ ינ ם ל ה יו ת ע ד ים ש ה ת ר ית י ב כ ם: 28 ו ע ב ד ת ם ש ם א ל ה ים. כ ת ר ג ו מו מ ש א ת ם עו ב ד ים ל עו ב ד יה ם, כ א ל ו א ת ם עו ב ד ים ONKELOS RASHI 8. ל כ ע ס. 9. דברים ד, כו. 10. דניאל ט, יד. 11. שיר השירים ג, ד. 12. מלכים ב ד, כז. 13. דברים ט, יד. ל ה ם: 31 ל א י ר פ ך. מ ל ה ח ז יק ב ך ב י ד יו, ו ל ש ו ן "ל א י ר פ ך " ל ש ו ן ל א י פ ע יל הו א ל א י ת ן ל ך ר פ יו ן, ל א י פ ר יש או ת ך מ א צ לו. ו כ ן : 11 "א ח ז ת יו ו ל א א ר פ נ ו ", ש ל א נ נ ק ד "א ר פ נ ו ". כ ל ל ש ו ן ר פ יו ן מו ס ב ע ל ל ש ו ן מ פ ע יל ו מ ת פ ע ל, כ מו : 12 "ה ר פ ה ל ה ", ת ן ל ה ר פ יו ן. "ה ר ף מ מ נ י", 13 ה ת ר פ ה מ מ נ י: 32 ל י מ ים ר אש ו נ ים. ע ל י מ ים ר אש ו נ ים: ו ל מ ק צ ה ה ש מ י ם. ו ג ם ש א ל ל כ ל ה ב רו א ים א ש ר מ ק צ ה א ל ק צ ה, ז הו פ ש ו טו. ו מ ד ר ש ו : מ ל מ ד ע ל קו מ תו ש ל א ד ם ש ה י ת ה מ ן ה א ר ץ ע ד ה ש מ י ם, ו הו א ה ש עו ר ע צ מו א ש ר מ ק צ ה א ל ק צ ה: ה נ ה י ה כ ד ב ר ה ג דו ל ה ז ה. ו מ הו ה ד ב ר ה ג דו ל? "ה ש מ ע ע ם" ו גו ': 24 א ר י י י א ל ה ך מ ימ ר ה א ש א א כ ל א הו א א ל ק נ א: 25 א ר י תו ל דו ן ב נ ין ו ב נ י ב נ ין ו ת ת ע ת קו ן ב א ר ע א ו ת ח ב לו ן ו ת ע ב דו ן צ ל ם ד מו ת כ ל א ו ת ע ב דו ן ד ב יש ק ד ם י י א ל ה ך ל א ר ג ז א ק ד מו ה י: 26 א ס ה ד ית ב כו ן יו מ א ד ין י ת ש מ י א ו י ת א ר ע א א ר י מ יב ד ת יב דו ן ב פ ר יע מ ע ל א ר ע א ד י א ת ו ן ע ב ר ין י ת י ר ד נ א ל ת מ ן ל מ יר ת ה ל א תו ר כו ן יו מ ין ע ל ה א ר י א ש ת צ א ה ת ש ת צו ן: 27 ו יב ד ר י י י ת כו ן ב ע מ מ י א ו ת ש ת א רו ן ע ם ד מ נ י ן ב ע מ מ י א ד י י ד ב ר י י י ת כו ן ל ת מ ן: 28 ו ת פ ל חו ן ת מ ן ל ע מ מ י א פ ל ח י ט ע ו ת א עו ב ד י ד י א נ ש א א ע א ו א ב נ א ד י ל א ח ז ן ו ל א ש מ ע ין ו ל א א כ ל ין ו ל א מ ר יח ין: 29 ו ת ת ב עו ן מ ת מ ן י ת ד ח ל ת א ד יי א ל ה ך ו ת ש כ ח א ר י ת ב ע י מ ן ק ד מו ה י ב כ ל ל ב ך ו ב כ ל נ פ ש ך : 30 כ ד י עו ק ל ך ו י ש כ ח נ ך כ ל פ ת ג מ י א ה א ל ין ב סו ף יו מ י א ו ת תו ב ל ד ח ל ת א ד יי א ל ה ך ו ת ק ב ל ל מ ימ ר ה : 31 א ר י א ל ה א ר ח מ נ א י י א ל ה ך ל א י ש ב ק נ ך ו ל א י ח ב ל נ ך ו ל א י ת נ ש י י ת ק י מ א ד א ב ה ת ך ד י ק י ים ל הו ן: 32 א ר י ש א ל כ ע ן ל יו מ י א ק ד מ א י ד ה וו ק ד מ ך ל מ ן יו מ א ד י ב ר א י י א ד ם ע ל א ר ע א ו ל מ ס י פ י ש מ י א ו ע ד ס י פ י ש מ י א ה ה ו ה כ פ ת ג מ א ר ב א ה ד ין או ה א ש ת מ ע כ ו ת ה : 33 ה ש מ ע ע מ א ק ל מ ימ ר א ד יי מ מ ל ל מ ג ו א ש א כ מ א ד ש מ ע ת א ת ו א ת ק י ם: 32 64

17 Deuteronomy 4:24-33 Va etchanan 24 For God, your God, is, metaphorically, a consuming fire; He is a zealous God who does not tolerate infidelity. 25 When you have children and children s children, and you will be long established in the land, and you become corrupt and make a sculpted image, the likeness of anything, and do evil in the eyes of God, your God, to provoke Him to anger by worshipping it, 26 I invoke heaven and earth today as witnesses, i.e., reminders 41 since they will be present then whereas I will not that I am warning you that you will speedily and utterly perish from the land into which you are crossing the Jordan River to possess; you will not prolong your days upon it, but will be utterly destroyed. 27 God will scatter you among the peoples, and you will remain few in number among the nations to where God will lead you. 28 As slaves, you will serve idol-worshipping masters in your exile, so it will be as though you yourselves will be worshipping other deities there man s handiwork, wood and stone that can neither see, hear, eat, or smell. 29 But since God has irrevocably made you His people, you will eventually seek God, your God, from there, and you will find Him if you seek Him with all your heart and with all your soul. 30 When you are distressed, and all these things happen to you in the end of the days of your exile, you will return to God, your God, and obey Him. 31 For God, your God, is a merciful God: He will not loosen His hold on you, allowing you to assimilate altogether, nor destroy you outright; neither will He forget the covenant of your forefathers, which He swore to them. As for His threat to utterly destroy you, 42 He made this threat contingent on your being long established in the land. 43 He will therefore exile you before this condition has been fulfilled For please inquire regarding the early days that were before you since the day that God created humanity on the earth and ask everyone on earth, from one end of heaven to the other end of heaven, whether there was anything like this great phenomenon, or was the likes of it heard: 33 Did ever a people hear God s voice speaking out of the midst of the fire, as you have heard, 45 and live? [31] He will exile you: The exact number of years implied by the word for and you will be long established (ונושנתם) is alluded to by its numerical value, 852. Thus, as the year 3340 (the 852 nd year after the Israelites entry into the Promised Land) approached, the condition A CLOSER LOOK of being long established in their land was about to be fulfilled. Therefore, in order to avoid having to fulfill His threat of utterly destroying them, God exiled the people two years early, in the year Likutei Sichot, vol. 19, pp , notes 26 and Above, v Above, v Rashi on v Exodus 20: Rashi on v

18 ואתחנן Second Reading ONKELOS 34 או נ ס ין ד י ע ב ד י י ל א ת ג ל א ה ל מ פ ר ק ל ה ע ם מ ג ו ע ם ב נ ס ין ב א ת ין ו ב מו פ ת ין ו ב ק ר ב א ו ב יד א ת ק יפ א ו ב ד ר ע א מ ר מ מ א ו ב ח ז ו נ ין ר ב ר ב ין כ כ ל ד י ע ב ד ל כו ן י י א ל ה כו ן ב מ צ ר י ם ל ע ינ יך : 35 א ת א ת ח ז ית ל מ ד ע א ר י י י הו א א ל ה ים ל ית עו ד ב ר מ נ ה : RASHI 34 ה נ ס ה א ל ה ים. ה כ י ע ש ה נ ס ים ש ו ם א לו ה "ל בו א נ פ ל או ת, ש ה ב יא ע ל יה ם מ כ ו ת מ פ ל או ת: ו ב מ ל ח מ ה. ל ק ח ת לו גו י ו גו '". כ ל ה ה י"ן ה ל לו ת מ יהו ת ה ן, ל כ ך נ קו דו ת ה ן ב ח ט ף פ ת ח: ה נ ה י ה, ה נ ש מ ע, ה נ ס ה, ה ש מ ע: ב מ ס ת. ע ל י ד י נ ס יו נו ת הו ד יע ם ג בו רו ת יו, כ גו ן : 14 "ה ת פ א ר ע ל י" א ם או כ ל ל ע ש ו ת כ ן, ה ר י ז ה נ ס יו ן: ב א ת ת. ב ס ימ נ ים ל ה א מ ין ש הו א ש לו חו ש ל מ קו ם, כ גו ן : 15 "מ ה ז ה ב י ד ך ": ו ב מו פ ת ים. ה ם ב י ם, ש נ א מ ר : 16 "כ י ה' נ ל ח ם ל ה ם": 35 ה ר א ת. כ ת ר ג ו מו "א ת ח ז ית א", כ ש נ ת ן ה ק דו ש ב רו ך הו א א ת ה ת ו ר ה, פ ת ח ל ה ם ש ב ע ה ר ק יע ים, ו כ ש ם ש ק ר ע א ת ה ע ל יו נ ים כ ך ק ר ע א ת ה ת ח ת ו נ ים, ו ר או ש הו א י ח יד י, ל כ ך נ א מ ר : 17 "א ת ה ה ר א ת ל ד ע ת": the necessity of bringing the awareness that God is God into heaven above and earth below. For the same reason, verse 35, which describes God s self-revelation, ends with the phrase, there is no other reality besides Him implying that in the face of that revelation there is indeed nothing other than God at all; whereas verse 39, describing our upward climb to Divine knowledge, ends only with the words, there is no other reality implying by contrast that from our perspective there is indeed a reality besides Him but that we are aware that it possesses no intrinsic existence on its own. The Divine consciousness we were granted at the Giving of the Torah was loftier than any Divine consciousness that we can achieve on our own, since the former was powerful enough to annihilate all awareness of created reality whereas the latter is not. On the other hand, seeing God in everything when working out of the initial spiritual darkness of our physical world is a much greater feat than seeing Him in everything when everything has already been dissolved in His overpowering presence. In fact, seeing God in everything while still retaining consciousness of the world is possible only when we look at the world from the perspective of God s essence (rather than that of any revelation of Him, no matter how sublime), for God s essence transcends the dichotomy of revelation and concealment. Verse 39 thus describes the progressive ascent in Divine consciousness we are bidden to follow: We are 34 א ו ה נ ס ה א לה ים ל ב וא ל ק ח ת ל ו ג וי מ ק ר ב ג וי ב מ ס ת ב א ת ת וב מ ופ ת ים וב מ ל ח מ ה וב י ד ח ז ק ה וב ז ר וע נ ט וי ה וב מ ור א ים ג ד ל ים כ כ ל א ש ר ע ש ה ל כ ם י הו ה א ל ה יכ ם ב מ צ ר י ם ל ע ינ י ך: 35 א ת ה ה ר א ת ל ד ע ת כ י י הו ה ה וא ה א לה ים א ין ע וד מ ל ב ד ו: 14. שמות ח, ה. 15. שמות ד, ב. 16. שמות יד, כה. 17. דברים ד, לה. to first know God through intellectual inquiry, contemplating His presence in the world. We are then to proceed to the much harder task of considering it in your heart, that is, making this reality so relevant that we get emotionally involved in it. The Torah then describes how the content of our contemplation also ascends progressively: First we are to realize that God is God, i.e., that God is both transcendent and immanent. We are then to realize that God s transcendence governs the spiritual worlds ( in heaven above ), which is relatively easy to conceive of; and then that it governs the physical universe ( upon earth below ) as well, which is harder to conceive of. From there we are to ascend to the awareness that even though reality exists, it owes its existence entirely to God and is therefore nothing but an expression of Divinity ( there is no other reality ). 57 There is no other reality besides Him. There is no other reality: On a deeper level, it is possible to view the difference between the two closing phrases of these verses inversely: There is nothing besides Him implies that besides Him meaning without Him nothing can exist, but with Him meaning with His help reality does exist; it just owes its entire existence to Him. In other words, whereas God s existence is intrinsic, everything else s existence is contingent (upon His existence). 58 In contrast, there is nothing else implies that there is no other existence whatsoever. This is not meant to deny the existence of reality, but rather to imply that everything that exists is 57. Sefer HaMa amarim 5704, pp. 219 ff; Likutei Sichot, vol. 4, pp ; Sefer HaMa amarim Melukat, vol. 4, pp As Maimonides states in Mishneh Torah, Yesodei HaTorah 1:

19 Deuteronomy 4:34-35 Va etchanan 34 Or has any god miraculously come and taken for himself a whole nation from the midst of another nation, daring the host nation to test him with trials, 47 or providing his emissary with signs confirming that a supernal power sent him, 48 or smiting the host nation with marvels the plagues, 49 or waging war against it, 50 or besides the other plagues, which only vexed the Egyptians but did not kill them by figuratively using his mighty hand to kill their animals with an epidemic, 51 or by figuratively using his outstretched arm to kill their firstborn, 52 or by manifesting his great, awesome presence, 53 as all that God, your God, did for you in Egypt before your eyes? 35 Nonetheless, the miracles of the Exodus did not preclude the existence of some other (albeit lesser) deity. But when God gave you the Torah, you were shown that there is no other deity: He first opened up the entire hierarchy of the spiritual worlds 54 in order for you to know that God is the only God in it, and then He tore open both spiritual and physical reality so you could see that there is no other reality within creation besides Him He opened then tore : The existential difference between heaven (the spiritual worlds) and earth (the physical universe) is that the former manifest Divinity, each on their own level, whereas the latter denies Divinity, at least a priori. Therefore, in order to show the people that His is the sole presence within the spiritual worlds, it was enough for God to open these worlds up, i.e., to simply remove their natural spiritual opacity, enabling the people to see how the spiritual worlds manifest Divinity. In contrast, in order to show the people His presence within physical reality as well as to show them that His is the only true reality altogether how all the worlds (down to ours, the entire physical universe) are really just part of God s essence God had to tear open heaven and earth, i.e., to overturn the external façade of independent existence pervading the entire hierarchy of creation. By showing us both aspects of His relationship to reality, God enabled us to relate to Him in these same two general ways: Revealing His presence within the spiritual hierarchy of creation enabled us to elevate all aspects of life to their Divine source by orienting them toward their Divine purpose, thereby revealing their true, inner Divine essence. This includes the ability to refine our own intellect and emotions by focusing them on God, contemplating His creation and providence. Revealing His essence, beyond creation, enabled us to transcend the limits of nature by responding to critical challenges with self-sacrifice, overriding ( tearing ) the limits imposed both by our intellect and emotions as well as by our natural instincts toward self-preservation and comfortseeking. The latter process works in reverse, as well: In order to overcome challenges and tests in our lives, we need to remind ourselves that there is nothing other than Him, i.e., that nothing can constitute a real obstacle to fulfilling God s intentions, since everything, in the final analysis, is part of God s essence. Evoking this awareness within ourselves elevates our Divine consciousness to the level of truly perceiving God s essence everywhere. This, in turn, serves to hasten the messianic Redemption, when the glory of God will be revealed and all flesh will see it together & 39 There is no other reality besides Him. There is no other reality: In verse 35, Moses tells the people that when God gave the Torah, He showed them that there is no other reality other than Him. In verse 39, Moses tells them that they should not rely on the recollection of this revelation but rather respond to it by striving to know God on their own, as well. Thus, there is no mention of heaven and earth in verse 35 (as there is in verse 39), because when God pulled back the veil in order to show the people that He is the only reality, the focus was on the presence of God, not on the nature of reality: the force of God s revelation was so overwhelming that all other reality simply disappeared from everyone s consciousness. In contrast, when we, working from our earthly perspective, aspire to knowledge of God, the nature of reality is a very real issue; hence 47. Exodus 8: Exodus 4: Exodus 7:3, 11: Exodus 14:25, 15: Exodus 9:3; Rashi on 7:19, below. 52. Exodus 6: Onkelos; Hagadah shel Pesach. 54. Likutei Sichot, vol. 24, p Likutei Sichot, vol. 24, pp Isaiah 40:5; Likutei Sichot, vol. 24, pp

20 ואתחנן Second Reading 36 מ ן ה ש מ י ם ה ש מ יע ך א ת ק ל ו ל י ס ר ך ו ע ל ה א ר ץ ה ר א ך א ת א ש ו ה ג ד ול ה וד ב ר יו ש מ ע ת מ ת ו ך ה א ש: 37 ו ת ח ת כ י א ה ב א ת א ב ת י ך ו י ב ח ר ב ז ר ע ו א ח ר יו ו י וצ א ך ב פ נ יו ב כ ח ו ה ג ד ל מ מ צ ר י ם: 38 ל ה ור י ש ג וי ם ג ד ל ים ו ע צ מ ים מ מ ך מ פ נ י ך ל ה ב יא ך ל ת ת ל ך א ת א ר צ ם נ ח ל ה כ י ום ה ז ה: 39 ו י ד ע ת ה י ום ו ה ש ב ת א ל ל ב ב ך כ י י הו ה ה וא ה א לה ים ב ש מ י ם מ מ ע ל ו ע ל ה א ר ץ מ ת ח ת א ין ע וד: 37 ו ת ח ת כ י א ה ב. ו כ ל ז ה ת ח ת א ש ר א ה ב: ו י ו צ א ך ב פ נ יו. כ א ד ם ה מ נ ה יג ב נו ל פ נ יו, ש נ א מ ר : 18 "ו י ס ע מ ל א ך ה א ל ה ים ה ה ל ך ו גו ' ו י ל ך מ א ח ר יה ם". ד ב ר א ח ר: "ו י ו צ א ך ב פ נ יו", ב פ נ י א בו ת יו, כ מו ש נ א מ ר : 19 "נ ג ד א בו ת ם ע ש ה פ ל א". ו א ל ת ת מ ה ע ל ש ה ז כ יר ם 18. שמות יד, יט. 19. תהלים עח, יב. 20. דברים ד, לז. ONKELOS RASHI ב ל ש ו ן י ח יד, ש ה ר י כ ת ב ם ב ל ש ו ן י ח יד : 20 "ו י ב ח ר ב ז ר עו א ח ר יו": 38 מ מ ך מ פ נ יך. ס ר ס הו ו ד ר ש הו ל הו ר יש מ פ נ יך ג ו י ם ג דו ל ים ו ע צו מ ים מ מ ך : כ י ו ם ה ז ה. כ א ש ר א ת ה רו א ה ה י ו ם: 36 מ ן ש מ י א א ש מ ע ך י ת ק ל מ ימ ר ה ל א ל פו ת ך ו ע ל א ר ע א א ח ז י ך י ת א ש ה ר ב ת א ו פ ת ג מו ה י ש מ ע ת מ ג ו א ש א: 37 ו ח ל ף א ר י ר ח ים י ת א ב ה ת ך ו א ת ר ע י ב ב נו ה י ב ת רו ה י ו א פ ק ך ב מ ימ ר ה ב ח יל ה ר ב א מ מ צ ר י ם: 38 ל ת ר כ א ע מ מ ין ר ב ר ב ין ו ת ק יפ ין מ נ ך מ ן ק ד מ ך ל א ע לו ת ך ל מ ת ן ל ך י ת א ר ע הו ן א ח ס נ א כ יו מ א ה ד ין: 39 ו ת ד ע יו מ א ד ין ו ת ת יב ל ל ב ך א ר י י י הו א א ל ה א ד ש כ ינ ת ה ב ש מ י א מ ל ע ל א ו ש ל יט ע ל א ר ע א מ ל ר ע ל ית עו ד: ple, why a thief can pray to God for success in his theft: although he believes that God can influence the outcome of events supernaturally, this belief does not register in his consciousness as making any moral demands on his behavior. It is therefore necessary to bring our ingrained belief in God into our conscious minds, similar to how our ingrained knowledge of Him is active in our conscious minds. This feat is accomplished by studying the Torah and fulfilling its commandments; it is the unique, spiritual property of the Torah and the commandments that they bridge this gap between God s infinite transcendence and our finite minds, enabling us to know what we initially only believe. This is why we are commanded in verse 39 to make every effort to know, even though we were already shown to know, as described in verse 35. At the Giving of the Torah, we were granted the knowledge of God s immanence; it is now up to us to also know God s transcendence. Because the means we use to attain this knowledge are the study of the Torah and the observance of its commandments, verse 39 adds the word today, for only today in our lifetimes are we given this opportunity, whereas tomorrow in the afterlife this opportunity does not exist. This is also why, in the next verse, Moses once again exhorts the people to fulfill the Torah s commandments, for as stated, the unique and special property of the Torah and its commandments is that they enable us to know God s transcendence, not only to believe that it exists. Due to the world s (and our own) present imperfections, the gap between what we can know and what we can only believe is bridged to a greater or lesser extent, depending on our spiritual state. The more we are properly focused on the Torah and its attendant lifestyle, the more God s transcendence becomes part of our lives and the less we are subject to the limitations of nature. When we are distracted, we experience the gap between our knowledge and belief in God s transcendence. This gap will be totally bridged only in the messianic future, when God will remove the spirit of impurity from the earth 68 and the earth will be filled with the knowledge of God. 69 Allegorically, the earth refers to our faculty of belief, which, like the lowly, inanimate earth, is devoid of the ardent feelings of the emotions or the intellectual stimulus of the mind. In the messianic future, our belief in God s transcendence ( the earth ) will be transformed into ( filled with ) knowledge of it, similar to how we can presently know His immanence. 70 [continues...] vol. 1, p. 54; Sefer HaSichot 5752, vol. 2, p. 349, note 46, etc. 67. Sefer HaSichot 5701, p. 47; cf. Sefer HaMa amarim Melukat, vol. 5, pp Zachariah 13: Isaiah 11: Likutei Torah 4:4a-d; Likutei Sichot, vol. 4, pp

21 Deuteronomy 4:36-39 Va etchanan 36 From heaven He let you hear His voice, to instruct you; 59 upon the earth, He showed you His great fire; 60 and you heard His words issuing out of the midst of the fire He did all this because He loved your forefathers, and for the same reason He chose their seed after them to be His people. He therefore brought you out of Egypt, protecting you either by placing Himself in front of you 62 or placing you in front of Him, 63 whichever was necessary, and showing your forefathers how He rescued you at the Sea of Reeds 64 with His great strength, 38 in order to drive out from before you nations who are greater and stronger than you, to bring you to their land and give you their land so you can pass it down as an inheritance, as you have already seen prior to today with regard to Sichon and Og. 39 You must therefore, in response to this revelation, make every effort to know today and consider in your heart that God is the only God, both in heaven above and upon earth below, and furthermore that all reality owes its existence to God: there is no intrinsic existence other than His. 65 just a part of God. Thus, in this context, verse 39 describes a higher level of Divine consciousness than that discussed in verse In accordance with this interpretation, the difference between these two verses can be explained as follows: It is important to realize that there can never be unequivocal, unassailable logical proof of God s existence, for two reasons. Firstly, the nature of intellect is such that any argument that is presented, no matter how sound, can be undermined by a counterargument. The most that we can achieve through reason is a degree of plausibility that enables us to live our lives in a consistent and honest way, but we can never achieve absolute certainty through reason alone. Secondly, if we could prove God s existence conclusively, doing so would preclude any possibility of free choice, and would thus undermine the whole purpose of creation. Therefore, when God gave the Torah, He instilled within every individual Jew a knowledge of His existence that is not predicated on logical reasoning. Ever since that time, this surety has been part of our Divine soul; we therefore have no control over it and it does not result from any effort on our part. True, we are not always conscious of this innate knowledge, and if we allow the materialistic perspective of the physical world to overtake our consciousness, it will bury our innate surety under its skepticism and ridicule (this being what ensures free choice despite the surety of the knowledge). But if we train ourselves to see beyond the material façade that the world presents us by periodically meditating on the logical reasons for God s existence, we can recover this God-given certainty. This is why the gift of this knowledge is described as a visual experience: You were shown to know. Seeing something fixes it in our minds with consummate certainty, and this knowledge of God s existence has been fixed in our psyches with a certainty akin to that associated with sight. Yet this knowledge of God applies only to His immanence within creation. This is what was imprinted on our souls at the Giving of the Torah, and this is what we can recover through intellectual meditation. In contrast, we cannot know God s transcendence, since it is by definition totally beyond our ken; we can only believe in it. But if, as we said, there can be no unassailable logical proof of God s existence as He is immanent within creation, then surely there can be no such proof of God s existence as He transcends creation. We can, of course, speculate and theorize about God s transcendence; even non-jewish philosophers and theologians have done so extensively. 67 But absolute, concrete belief in God s transcendence is by definition beyond human reach. God therefore imprinted the belief in His transcendence on the Jewish soul when the Torah was given, and it, too, is now part of every Jew s Divine soul. But since this transcendence is by definition removed from us, we don t immediately realize its ramifications in our lives. This explains, for exam- 59. Exodus 20: Exodus 19: Exodus 20: Exodus 13: Exodus 14: Exodus 14:21; Rashi here and on Psalms 78: Likutei Sichot, vol. 4, p Likutei Sichot, vol. 25, p. 202, note 86; Hitva aduyot 5743, vol. 1, p 292; Hitva aduyot 5744, vol. 1, p. 37, p. 304, Sefer HaSichot 5748, vol. 1, p. 111, vol. 2, pp ; Sefer HaSichot 5749, vol. 2, p. 499; Sefer HaSichot 5750, 69 34

22 ואתחנן Third Reading ONKELOS 40 ו ש מ ר ת א ת ח ק יו ו א ת מ צ ו ת יו א ש ר א נ כ י מ צ ו ך ה י ום א ש ר י יט ב ל ך ול ב נ י ך א ח ר י ך ול מ ע ן ת א ר י ך י מ ים ע ל ה א ד מ ה א ש ר י הו ה א לה י ך נ ת ן ל ך כ ל ה י מ ים: פ שלישי 41 א ז י ב ד יל מ ש ה ש ל ש ע ר ים ב ע ב ר ה י ר ד ן מ ז ר ח ה ש מ ש: 42 ל נ ס ש מ ה ר וצ ח א ש ר י ר צ ח א ת ר ע ה ו ב ב ל י ד ע ת ו ה וא ל א ש נ א ל ו מ ת מ ל ש ל ש ם ו נ ס א ל א ח ת מ ן ה ע ר ים ה א ל ו ח י: 43 א ת ב צ ר ב מ ד ב ר ב א ר ץ ה מ י ש ר ל ר א וב נ י ו א ת ר אמ ת ב ג ל ע ד ל ג ד י ו א ת ג ול ן ב ב ש ן ל מ נ ש י: 40 ו ת ט ר י ת ק י מו ה י ו י ת פ ק ו דו ה י ד י א נ א מ פ ק ד ך יו מ א ד ין ד י י יט ב ל ך ו ל ב נ יך ב ת ר ך ו ב ד יל ד תו ר יך יו מ ין ע ל א ר ע א ד י י י א ל ה ך י ה ב ל ך כ ל יו מ י א: 41 ב כ ן א פ ר יש מ ש ה ת ל ת ק ר ו ין ב ע ב ר א ד י ר ד נ א מ ד נ ח ש מ ש א: 42 ל מ ע ר ק ל ת מ ן ק טו ל א ד י י ק טו ל י ת ח ב ר ה ב ל א מ נ ד ע ה ו הו א ל א ס נ י ל ה מ א ת מ ל י ו מ ד ק מ ו ה י ו י ע רו ק ל ח ד א מ ן ק ר ו י א ה א ל ין ו י ת ק י ם: 43 י ת ב צ ר ב מ ד ב ר א ב א ר ע מ יש ר א ל ש ב ט א ד ר או ב ן ו י ת ר אמו ת ב ג ל ע ד ל ש ב ט א ד ג ד ו י ת ג ו ל ן ב מ ת נ ן ל ש ב ט א ד מ נ ש ה: RASHI 41 א ז י ב ד יל. נ ת ן ל ב ל ה יו ת ח ר ד ל ד ב ר ש י ב ד יל ם. ב ע ב ר ה י ר ד ן מ ז ר ח ה ש מ ש. ב או תו ע ב ר ש ב מ ז ר חו ש ל ו א ף ע ל פ י ש א ינ ן קו ל טו ת ע ד ש י ב ד לו או ת ן ש ב א ר ץ כ נ ע ן, א מ ר מ ש ה: מ צ ו ה ש א פ ש ר ל ק י מ ה א ק י מ נ ה: 21. ב ש ב א. י ר ד ן: מ ז ר ח ה ש מ ש. ל פ י ש הו א ד בו ק, נ קו ד ה ר י"ש ב ח ט ף 21 מ ז ר ח ש ל ש מ ש, מ קו ם ז ר יח ת ה ש מ ש : hearing over sight is that it perceives sound, which is invisible and thus relatively less corporeal than the visible objects perceived by sight. In this sense, although the people had seen God s immanence, they had only heard about God s transcendence. Moses, on the other hand, possessed the same knowledge of God s transcendence as he did of His immanence; he did not need to believe in it. In this sense, he was living in the messianic future during his lifetime. As was explained in the Overview, Moses wanted God to enable the people to see His transcendence as well as just hear about it. He knew that this would happen if God would allow him to enter the Promised Land, for the land, as we saw, is a metaphor for belief. This is the allegorical meaning of his request to cross over and see the good land, 75 i.e., to infuse it with the surety of sight, elevating it to the level of knowledge. However, as the Torah will relate, 76 God did not grant Moses request, because the world at large was not yet ripe for this level of Divine consciousness. As stated above, this will be achieved only in the messianic future. Moses could therefore only enjoin the people to hear God s message. 77 There is no other reality besides Him (v. 35) There is no other reality (v. 39) First Interpretation Divine Consciousness Only God exists Creation exists but only contingently Focus of Contemplation God s revelation God s essence Divine Consciousness Creation exists but only contingently Only God exists; creation is part of God Second Interpretation Experience Focus of Contemplation Knowledge God s immanence Faith Figure 2. Divine Consciousness at the Giving of the Torah God s transcendence Sense Sight Hearing 75. Above, 3: Below, 5: Or HaTorah, Devarim, pp See below, 4:1, and on 6:

23 Deuteronomy 4:40-43 Va etchanan 40 In order to achieve this awareness, God has given you the Torah and its commandments; 71 you must therefore observe His rules and His commandments, which I am commanding you today, so that it may go well with you and your children after you, and so that you may prolong your days upon the land that God, your God, is giving to you forever. Cities of Refuge Third Reading 41 It was then, after Moses understood that God was not going to allow him to cross over into the Land of Israel, 72 that Moses decided to designate three cities on the side of the Jordan River that is toward the direction of the sunrise, i.e., to the east, 42 so that a murderer might flee there, provided that he murders his fellow man unintentionally, not having hated him in time past and not having premeditated the murder. He may flee to one of these cities in order that he might live The cities that Moses designated were Betzer in the desert, in the plain-country of the tribe of Reuben; Ramot in Gilead, the territory of the tribe of Gad; and Golan in the Bashan, the territory of the tribe of Manasseh (see Figure 1). Moses knew that these cities would not begin to function as cities of refuge until the other three, to the west of the Jordan River, would also be designated, but he reasoned that designating them now would obviate the need for Joshua to do so after designating the three to the west of the Jordan River. He also knew that designating cities of refuge is a commandment that is performed only in the Land of Israel, and since God was not permitting him to enter the land, he was not sure (a) if his actions indeed had any legal significance, and (b) if God indeed wanted him to do this. Nevertheless, he designated them anyway, hoping thereby to at least partially fulfill this commandment. 74 Figure 1. Cities of Refuge in Transjordan There is no other reality besides Him. There is no other reality: As mentioned above, the Torah describes our knowledge of God s immanence using the metaphor of sight. Sight is considered a higher level of perception than hearing because it evokes a much more intense emotional response than does hearing, indicating that it touches the soul more deeply. On the other hand, the advantage of 71. Likutei Torah 4:4a-d. 72. Above, vv , 3: Numbers 35:9-34; Exodus 21: Likutei Sichot, vol. 39, pp

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