Then Jesus said to the crowds and to his disciples, The scribes and Pharisees sit on Moses seat; so practice and observe whatever they tell you [...

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1 Then Jesus said to the crowds and to his disciples, The scribes and Pharisees sit on Moses seat; so practice and observe whatever they tell you [... ] Matthew, 23:1-2

2 How Does Christianity Develop and Spread?

3

4 The Jews Divided 1. The Pharisees, who believed in the Oral Law; 2. The Sadducees, who believed in the exact literal meaning of the Torah; 3. The Zealots, who believed that the Jews were a national identity, not just a religion; 4. The Essenes, who believed that the path to G-d could be found in ritual purity and abstention from pleasures and desires.

5 About Augustus Everlasting Nature has given to men as the greatest good and bringer of overwhelming benefaction the emperor Augustus, the father who gives us happy life, the savior of all mankind in common, whose [godly] care has not only fulfilled but even surpassed the hopes of all; for both the land and sea are at peace, the cities are [filled] with the blessings of [peace], plenty, and respect for law, and the harvest brings fair hopes for the future and happiness with the present.

6 Jesus to the Rescue? What we know of Jesus comes from the Gospels, the four texts written by four of his Apostles (students), and other books of the Christian Bible. Jesus message focused mainly on the afterlife, on earning Paradise by living a good life and by avoiding violence and desires. Jesus wasn t interested in taxes and in respecting the authority of the Roman governors or their Jewish underlings. In the year 33 CE, Jesus is brought before the Roman Procurator (Governor) named Pontius Pilate, who orders Jesus executed by crucifixion.

7 About Pilate So when Pilate saw that he could do nothing, but rather that a riot was beginning, he took some water and washed his hands before the crowd, saying: I am innocent of this man s blood; see to it yourselves. Then the people as a whole answered: His blood be on us and on our children. So [Pilate] released Barabbas for them; and after flogging Jesus, he handed him over to be crucified. Matthew, 27:24-26

8 From Sect to Religion Originally, Christianity is seen as a Jewish sect. In 49 CE, Paul gathers Christian leaders and they make some key changes: 1. No Brit Milah 2. No more Kosher Christians will also begin preaching to gentiles, not just Jews.

9 Christian Popularity During Pax Romana (31 BCE 180 CE), Christianity is not accepted by many. Christians are persecuted. As the Empire has more troubles, Christianity becomes more popular. Christianity offers eternal Salvation, without the laws of Judaism.

10

11 Emperor Constantine ( CE)

12 And thus by this wholesome counsel and most upright provision we thought to arrange that no one whatsoever should be denied the opportunity to give his heart to the observance of the Christian religion, of that religion which he should think best for himself, so that the Supreme Deity, to whose worship we freely yield our hearts) may show in all things His usual favor and benevolence... All this [confiscated] property ought to be delivered at once to the community of the Christians... without delay. --- The Edict of Milan (313 CE)

13 The Nicene Creed We believe in one God, the Father Almighty, maker of all things visible and invisible; and in one Lord Jesus Christ, the Son of God, being of one substance with the Father. By whom all things were made, both which be in heaven and in earth. Who for us men and for our salvation came down [from heaven]. He suffered and the third day he rose again, and ascended into heaven. And he shall come again to judge both the quick and the dead. And [we believe] in the Holy Ghost. And whosoever shall say that there was a time when the Son of God was not, or that before he was begotten he was not, or that he was made of things that were not, or that he is of a different substance or essence [from the Father] or that he is a creature, or subject to change or conversion--all that so say, the Catholic and Apostolic Church anathematizes [completely rejects] them. --- The Council of Nicae. 325 CE

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