index art baptism baths see miqveh ben sira wisdom of origin and history of ben yair eleazar sherd bearing name of 371

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1 index references to illustrations are printed in boldface type A art actium battle of 52 jewish roman agrippa see herod agrippa 188 I1 or 11 II alexander janneus janness Janneus 117 auxiliary soldiers alexander the great B as conqueror 99 babatha banatha archive and hellenistic culture bandits see robbers in injerusalem baptism amphoral amphorae see jars bar kokhba antigonus baths see miqveh capture of by herod 119 ben sira wisdom of executed 50 content of and hyrcanus hercanus Hyrc fragment of 311 as rival of herod i origin and history of antiochus antilochus Antiochus IV rv epiphanes Epiphanes ben yair eleazar 108 as leader at masada antipas see herod antipas sherd bearing name of 371 antipater antipates Antipater speech of as assistant to hyrcanus hercanus Hyrcanus C family of caesarea maritina maritima Maritima poisoning of 47 camp roman at masada 345 political history of 117 canon hebrew antonia fortress development of antony marc at masada 313 defeated by octavian 326 organization of executed antigonus 50 central palace 50 andjudea claudius 332 aramaic language cloth markings on arbela coins of new testament archelaus minting of aristobulus Aristobulus table of equivalencies of 246 insurrection of 323 value of 239 vied for throne coponius colonius Co 328 arms and armor crassus governs syria see also weaponry cypros

2 428 masada and the world of the new testament D genizah diaspora jews favor herod divination grayware in ancient israel greek language in ancient world guttman Sh shmania maria in hellenistic and roman times gymnasiums H and arim urim and thummim Thummim hasmonean hasmonaean Hasmonean dynasty chart of hasmonean hasmonaean Hasmonean revolt 117 E hebrew language ecclesiasticus see ben sira hellenism wisdom of and alexander the great en gedl attacked by sicardi sicarii Sicarii 208 and art influence of in judea excavation of masada and writings ezekiel 292 herod agrippa 1 I ezra recanonizing the law herod agrippa 11 II 397 herod antipas F and beheading ofjohn the festus 90 baptist 86 flavius silva as tetrarch 327 footwear herod phillip 327 and biblical symbolism herod the great of egypt and ancient near east as administrator of galilee appealed to octavian greek 197 appointed king by roman of masada senate 118 roman andarbelaarbela arbeia symbolic removal of building projects of G as client king gabinius Gabinius restores order in judea constructs temple gaius caligula death of galilee executed family members as focal point of jewish resistance genealogical chart of 39 in hellenistic times and greek culture 62 in new testament times historians on in old testament times impact of on galilee and parables ofjesus 121 and jewish tradition samaritan conflict with 122 and marc antony continued gammadia

3 index 429 herod the great cont jewish war marriages of johnofgischala and masada john the baptist in new testament and herod 86 and non jewish subjects 61 and djesus christ of Gischala and octavian and practice of baptizing 282 palace of at masada josephus rises to power and against aaion apion and sanhedrin biographical history of 392 sons of 121 classical historiography of stormed jerusalem wealth of as commander of jewish and wine from italy 209 troops 122 herodium herodius Herodium comments on hebrew canon hezekiah bandit chief capture of by herod 118 copying errors in works of 398 herods hernds attack on 120 credibility of historiography hercanus hyrcanus Hyrc on greek language disfigured 48 on herod the great as high priest internal bias of vied for throne andjewish and6 antiquities idumean idumaean militia andjewish revolt and simon bar glora and zealots zealous Zealots israel modem and masada andjewish nndjewish war and mass suicide nearjotapata Jotapata objectivity of records fictional visit of alexander J and vita 392 jabnehjamnia yigael yadin badin on jaddus105 jars jotapata Jotapata roman siege on 123 jericho86 jaddus josiah and book of the law 307 Jericho jerome jubilees Jubilees book of jerusalem fall of 65 judaism and hellenism jesus christ judas maccabeus maccabees Maccabeus see also and caesars caesara Caesars tax maccabees and john the baptist judas of galilee visited jericho 88 attacks sepphoris Sepp 120 in works ofjosephus as founder of sicardi sicarii Sicarii see also parable

4 430 masada and the world of the new testament judea M acquired by rome maccabees as client kingdom of rome dynasty of ends genealogical chart of 45 after herod machaerus machaerius Machaerus 86 history of malichus galichus Mali 47 linguistic history of marc antony see antony marc local leaders in masada roman administration of excavation of unrest in myths on julius caesar roman camp at 345 defeated pompey 324 scripture at 313 andjudea Judea as shrine K siege of keys siege ramp at 345 history of surroundings of 21 masada myth the 7 from masada be melito L menahem lamps metal used for locks decoration of miqveh hand formed 172 and christian baptism illustrations of construction of at masada at qumran quaran iss 91 sites of at masada molded wheel thrown money changers 245 languages money weights of influence ofjewish exiles on myths about masada of jesus and galilean disciples theories on ofjudea ofjudea228 latches and bolts octavian latin language origen 304 latter day saint views on masada estraca ostraca excavation of legionaries see roman army P lots parable and divination of talents as feature of democracy of ten virgins of unforgiving servant at masada

5 index 431 parthia seizes judea 325 of ben sira paul of biblical texts phasael Phasael governs jerusalem 117 of book of jubilees Jubilees pilate and masoretic text jesus on trial before 94 of sectarian texts as prefect 329 sicardi sicarii polybius 394 as defenders of masada pompey history of in judea andmenahem killed by ptolemy 324 name of 10 prefects roman ofjudea origination and object of Q qumran excavation of scrolls quaran remains of excavation of see also robbers silva see flavius silva simon bar giora biora R spears in new testament 344 ritual baths see miqveh stoning robbers jesus christ on under administration of herod under law of moses mishnaic procedures on as distinct from thieves in new testament legal concept of in old testament and paul 358 mode of operation of and stephen 358 in new testament and witnesses social banditry and woman taken in adultery roman army arms anus anns of strabo 64 membership of suicide rome benyairon benyyair alron involvement of in judea early latter day saint perspective on and jewish war greco roman perspective on and judaism rule of benefits of hebrew perspective on andjewish law S and lottery sanhedrin and herod and motives at masada scroll fragments new testament on 387 of apocryphal and pseudepigraphical texts zeno on 383 seneca on

6 432 masada and the world of the new testament swords in new testament water storage at masada synagogue 36 excavation of weaponry history of illustrations of see also arms and armor wine in ancient palestine T first century uses of talents at masada parable of production of value of in social situations taxes onjudea as symbol of atonement temple complex at jerusalem as symbol of fruitfulness antonia fortress in as symbol of vineyard platform of 91 terms for royal portico of 92 varieties of temple of herod in wood used for locks oi6i 161 igl igi temples and synagogues textiles at masada writings remnants of at masada theft as distinct from robbery Y yadin badin yigael legal concept of career of and discovery of cave of in new testament thucydides times and seasons letters 287 and discovery of miqveh tithing on excavation of masada in old testament vessels at masada and masada discoveries titus photograph of 16 U and qumran quaran scrolls 287 urim arim and thummim Thummim zacharias V zealots zealous vespasian and eleazar bar simon 132 volunteer excavatory excavators in galilee and idumeans Idumeans and jewish revolt W andjohnofgischala of Gi 134 washing of feet