Incomparable God in Relationship with His People The Book of Exodus #7

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1 Incomparable God in Relationship with His People The Book of Exodus #7 Remember the goals for this Bible study: 1) To know God more through His revelation in the book of Exodus 2) To consciously apply the truths which He intended through the Book of Exodus 3) To learn how to interpret Old Testament literature like Exodus that contains both narratives and law stipulations. This will be done by example i.e. learn by doing and imitating what you see me and your leader doing. 4) To encourage one another to love and good deeds (Hebrews 10:24-25) Expectations: 1-2 hours a week of preparation/reading in preparation for discussion Suggested Homework: Exodus Bible Study Number #7, Exodus Read Exodus in any version you choose 2. Consider the following A. Regarding chapter 11 Chapter 11 has a three-part structure in which the announcement of the tenth plague, that of the death of the firstborn (11:4 8), is carefully sandwiched between two reminders of what previously had been revealed: first, that the tenth plague would be effective at producing the exodus and that Israelites were to be financially prepared for it by obtaining wealth from the Egyptians (11:1 3); and second, that the whole series of prior plagues had not resulted in the exodus because that was the way Yahweh had planned things (11:9 10). This surrounding of new narrative material with reminder narrative material has the effect of helping orient the reader/listener to the fact that the plague of death on the firstborn and the resulting exodus of Israel from Egypt was not merely an event in itself but the culminating act of a long process controlled by God and brought to fruition exactly as he had predicted it before any of the process had started. Moses was writing this story not merely to help his fellow Israelites trust Yahweh as things happened but to help them learn to trust that Yahweh is the one who makes things happen in the first place, as part of a great redemptive plan for the benefit of his people. 1 B. Regarding chapter You might expect that since the 10 th plague is going to be the climax of God s work that there would be extreme detail regarding the execution of the 10 th plague. However, that is not the case. Only Exodus 12:37-50 deal with the historical event itself. Most of the other text deals with the SIGNIFICANCE OF THE EVENT AND HOW IT IS TO BE REMEMBERED. THE PASSOVER IS ESTABLISHED. And, before you read the text again, we need to understand the following about these Jewish holidays/feasts of which the Passover is one of the most significant: 1. What is the general significance of these OT holiday/feasts? a. Memorials and Remembrances of the things God had done to save His people These feast were memorials that picture redemptive events. They were pictures to help reinsert in their minds the redemptive events of God s salvation in His people s lives. Today in the church we have some similar memorials/symbols-- Baptism/Lord s table. 1 Stuart, D. K. (2007, c2006). Vol. 2: Exodus. " An exegetical and theological exposition of Holy Scripture"--Cover. (electronic ed.). Logos Library System; The New American Commentary (261). Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers.

2 Additionally these OT feast were. b. Pictures of a greater salvation in the future not just for Israel but for all the nations These OT feasts/holidays that memorialized God s saving acts in history also were intended to foreshadow future realities. Just as a shadow is not the reality itself but a shadow cannot be cast w/out the reality, so these events were shadows of things to come. When Israel observed these feasts as memorials to the past they were thinking about themselves as a people of God who had experienced great things at the hand of God. Yet, they were also to look forward to other complete deliverances of God of His people in the future. So, we can say that these feasts and events were prophetic as well as memorial; they were object lessons for what will happen in the future. Alfred Eddersheim, a jew converted to Christianity, states in his work The Life of Christ, God bound up the future of all the nations in the history of Israel. When God bound up the future of all the nations in the history of Abraham and his seed, He made that history prophetic! These events in Israel history that are memorialized in the holiday/feast are in a sense prophetic. We usually think of prophecy as God predicting something in the future. However, God also embeds in literal history object lessons, patterns of the way He works in anticipation of the future. So if you watch Israel s history recorded in Scripture, then you will know something about the future. Eddersheim goes on to say, Each event and every one of these sacrificial rights became as it were a bud destined to open up into a blossom and ripen into a fruit on a tree under a shadow of which all the nations would be gathered. So all of these feast/holidays that are instituted in Scripture are not meaningless to us today, the are object lessons that not only memorialize God s saving acts in the past but anticipation a greater salvation in the future. That s why the Gospel of Luke can say in Luke 24:27 And beginning with Moses and with all the prophets, He explained to them the things concerning Himself in all the Scriptures (all of Scripture events are object lessons about Christ) Question: Is the NT celebration of the Lord s table meant to look forward to something also? What? (cf. 1 Cor 11:26) 3. Read Exodus below 10:27 But the LORD hardened Pharaoh s heart, and he was not willing to let them go. 28 Pharaoh said to Moses, Get out of my sight! Make sure you do not appear before me again! The day you see my face you will die. 29 Just as you say, Moses replied, I will never appear before you again. Note: Moses left Pharaoh after Pharaoh demanded that Moses never appear before him again. At this juncture, the stage is set for the final show down involving the last and most decisive demonstration of Yahweh s incomparability. Pharaoh s heart has been sealed in its hardness by his own actions first and then by the actions of Yahweh. Now, Yahweh s grand demonstration can take place. The story picks up in chapter 11 with a reminder of what had been told to Moses and most likely what was going through his mind as he left Pharaoh s court. And there is apparently some additional dialogue (vv. 4-8 below) that the reader is expected to understand to have taken place before Moses left Pharaoh s presence. 11 Now the LORD had said to Moses, I will bring one more plague on Pharaoh and on Egypt. After that, he will let you go from here, and when he does, he will drive you out completely. 2 Tell the people that men and women alike are to ask their neighbors for articles of silver and gold. 3 (The

3 LORD made the Egyptians favorably disposed toward the people, and Moses himself was highly regarded in Egypt by Pharaoh s officials and by the people.) Discuss: What do you make of the Egyptians responses in contrast to Pharaoh s? Contrast Yahweh giving the Israelites favor with the Egyptian population versus Yahweh hardening Pharaoh s heart. Discuss: God s people will not simply go out empty handed, they will go out with wealth because the Egyptians will voluntarily give them wealth as they leave (Exodus 11:2; 3:21-22; 12:35-36; cf. Gen 12:15-13:2). What do you make of Yahweh performing a redemption in this way with His peoplebeing exalted in the eyes of the enemies? Discuss: Examine Isaiah 45:14-17 which details redemption of God s people about 1000 years later than the Exodus. What is the pattern you see? What is the purpose of the pattern (Isaiah 45:14 end of the verse). Discuss: Also, God s pattern established here is that God will exalt His people in the eyes of their oppressors at the proper time in the sight of the whole world. How does this encourage you? 4 So Moses said, This is what the LORD says: About midnight I will go throughout Egypt. 5 Every firstborn son in Egypt will die, from the firstborn son of Pharaoh, who sits on the throne, to the firstborn son of the slave girl, who is at her hand mill, and all the firstborn of the cattle as well. 6 There will be loud wailing throughout Egypt worse than there has ever been or ever will be again. 7 But among the Israelites not a dog will bark at any man or animal. Then you will know that the LORD makes a distinction between Egypt and Israel. 8 All these officials of yours will come to me, bowing down before me and saying, Go, you and all the people who follow you! After that I will leave. Then Moses, hot with anger, left Pharaoh. Discuss: Note the three reversals in this passage mentioned below. 1) Notice the emphasis on the first-born. Israel has been considered Yahweh s first born (Exodus 4:22) and He is exacting retribution upon Egypt in a measure that went beyond what Egypt did to Israel (down to the first born of the animals). Also, the first born of Pharaoh would be the next in line to be the incarnate god. Yahweh not only strikes at Pharaoh who is considered deity but also the next in line who would be deity. Furthermore this is retribution for Pharaoh s acts of killing the Israelites male children. 2) The Hebrew word translated as wailing in 11:6 is the same Hebrew word as in Ex. 3:7, 9. The Hebrews were experiencing suffering which caused them to cry out and now the Egyptians would. 3) The very people, Egyptian officials, who had once bowed to Pharaoh would then BOW to Moses! God will execute a striking reversal of circumstances for His people ultimately. How does this encourage you? Discuss: God s judgment affected more than just Pharaoh it affected all the Egyptians. Is this fair retribution? Maybe He is not just demonstrating retribution but he is demonstrating His superiority over all perceived deities in the Egyptian culture. 9 The LORD had said to Moses, Pharaoh will refuse to listen to you so that my wonders may be multiplied in Egypt. 10 Moses and Aaron performed all these wonders before Pharaoh, but the LORD hardened Pharaoh s heart, and he would not let the Israelites go out of his country. NOTE: Once again the narrative reverts to a retrospective, which the NIV, to its credit, recognizes with the use of the pluperfect had said at the outset of v. 9. The words of 11:9 are essentially a summary of 4:21 23, although the same themes are also found in part in such places as 3:19 20 and 6:1 8. Exodus 11:10 reminds the reader of what had been happening throughout the plague accounts, always as predicted: God showed his wonders to the world, but Pharaoh, made a fool of by God, continued to resist the obvious conclusion (by now obvious to everyone but himself) that the best thing he could do was to let the Israelites leave Egypt permanently and totally. 2 NOTE: What follows now is the establishment of the Passover. Moses will need to prepare the people for redemption and the Exodus. This event will be SO SIGNIFICANT THAT IT SHOULD ALTER THE TIME RECKONING SYSTEMS THAT GOD S PEOPLE USED. AND IT WOULD BE FOREVER MEMORIALIZED. FURTHERMORE, WE DISCOVER LATER THAT IT WAS MEANT TO PREFIGURE THE PATTERN OF ULTIMATE REMPTION THAT GOD WOULD ACCOMPLISH THROUGH THE BLOOD OF HIS SON. 2 Stuart, D. K. (2007, c2006). Vol. 2: Exodus. " An exegetical and theological exposition of Holy Scripture"--Cover. (electronic ed.). Logos Library System; The New American Commentary (268). Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers.

4 Passover Instituted 12 The LORD said to Moses and Aaron in Egypt, 2 This month is to be for you the first month, the first month of your year. 3 Tell the whole community of Israel that on the tenth day of this month each man is to take a lamb for his family, one for each household. 4 If any household is too small for a whole lamb, they must share one with their nearest neighbor, having taken into account the number of people there are. You are to determine the amount of lamb needed in accordance with what each person will eat. 5 The animals you choose must be year-old males without defect, and you may take them from the sheep or the goats. 6 Take care of them until the fourteenth day of the month, when all the people of the community of Israel must slaughter them at twilight. 7 Then they are to take some of the blood and put it on the sides and tops of the doorframes of the houses where they eat the lambs. 8 That same night they are to eat the meat roasted over the fire, along with bitter herbs, and bread made without yeast. 9 Do not eat the meat raw or cooked in water, but roast it over the fire head, legs and inner parts. 10 Do not leave any of it till morning; if some is left till morning, you must burn it. 11 This is how you are to eat it: with your cloak tucked into your belt, your sandals on your feet and your staff in your hand. Eat it in haste; it is the LORD s Passover. 12 On that same night I will pass through Egypt and strike down every firstborn both men and animals and I will bring judgment on all the gods of Egypt. I am the LORD. 13 The blood will be a sign for you on the houses where you are; and when I see the blood, I will pass over you. No destructive plague will touch you when I strike Egypt. Discuss: Meditate on each of these columns be prepared to discuss why you think God arranged redemptive events in this way, why He embedded pictures in history (like the Passover) and how awesome it is to see the ultimate fulfillment in Christ. Passover Summary/Description In the Jewish religious calendar the month of Nissan is the first month. God commanded each man of the family to select an unblemished lamb on Nissan 10 and examine it until Nissan 14. The lamb was to be slaughtered in the evening. In Hebrew this is said: Twilight (NIV; 12:6 ), or literally, between the evenings. This phrase suggests the time, a point between the sun s declining in the west and its setting, When the temple service was established,, the day was divided into quarters. The quarter from 12:00p to 3:00p was called the minor evening oblation. The quarter from 3:00p to 6:00p was called the major evening oblation. Therefore, between the evenings is a reference to this timeframe, ie. Approximately 3:00p. In the doorway the father would have laid his hand on the lamb, thereby identifying himself with it symbolically. It is a solemn attestation that this sacrifice has come from this particular man who is performing semicha (laying on of hands) upon the animal s head. The fruits of the sacrifice are his. The father would cut the throat of the lamb, and applies its blood to the lintel and to each sidepost around the door. God himself would thus hover over every family that had this blood present to protect their first born from being slain. The mother roasts the lamb on a pomegranate stick over an open fire, and prepares a special meal. The day changed to Nissan 15 at sundown (approximately 6:00). The night of the 15 th, the Israelites in Egypt ate the lamb with bitter herbs and unleavened bread according to the commandment. (Ex. 12:8) One was to eat with his staff in hand and his sandals on his feet. This was symbolic of the hurried nature of the feast, ie. God commanded that Israel be ready to flee! Also that same evening, the angel of death was destined to pass over each house and kill the first born of every household. This was the 10 th plague that God cast on Pharaoh for holding Israel captive. Parallels with Jesus Christ On Nissan 10 (Palm Sunday), Jesus, the chosen lamb of God enters Jerusalem Jesus looked down from the Mt. of Olives and watched the communal Passover lamb pass by in a procession of priests, musicians, dancers, etc. while singing Psalm 118. Jesus descended the Mt. of Olives and followed this same route as the Passover lamb while the crowd waved palm branches. Jesus sat and taught in the Temple courtyard for 4 days for all to examine. The Sadducees (Mt. 22:23-33; Mk. 12:18-27; Lk. 20:27-38), the Pharises (Mt. 22:15-22; Mk. 12:13-17; Lk, 20:19-26) and others asked Jesus their most difficult questions. They attempted to find fault in him, but of course they could not; for he was perfect. For Pilot could not find any basis to charge Jesus in any wrongdoing (Jn. 18:38, 19:4; 1 Pet 1:19). On the morning of Nissan 14 th at the third hour (9:00 A.M.), the lamb in the temple was bound to the altar (Psalm 118:27). At the same time, outside the walls of Jerusalem, Jesus was both tied and nailed to the tree (Mk 15:25). For six hours, both the lamb and Jesus awaited death. At the ninth hour (3:00 P.M.), the High Priest ascended the altar in the Temple, took his knife, and cut the throat of the lamb, pronouncing the words It is finished. The Passover lamb is classified as a peace offering (Lev. 7:11-21) and this phrase in temple tradition was pronounced at the end of every peace offering. At exactly the same moment, Jesus on the tree gave up His spirit with the same exact words (Jn. 19:30). The death of Jesus was at the ninth hour (3:00 P.M.) on Nissan 14 (Mt. 27:45-50). The apostle Paul calls Jesus as our Passover lamb in 1 Corinthians 5:7 Jesus kept the appointed time, the convocation or reheasal, up to the minute. Just as the Passover lamb had delivered Israel from the plague of death, Jesus the messiah has provided deliverance from death by his blood.

5 Question: Why did the entirety of the lamb have to be consumed with none left? The principle was thus: Everyone had to eat the meat, and all the meat had to be eaten. Why not allow leftovers? Why not allow gorging? Subsidiary answers to these questions could include the concept of sharing and its benefits for creating a sense of solidarity among the Israelites and a guarantee that no one would miss out on sharing the understanding of why the meat was being eaten because they ate it isolated from the group setting in which the memorializing words and actions were rehearsed and appreciated by all. But the greater value is in preparation for the Messiah. The Messiah was to be one body, broken for all, symbolically eaten by all, in order to help believers in the New Covenant keep aware of their unity as members of the one body. Partial consumption and fragments left over do not appropriately symbolize that body and that unity. The ultimate purpose of the Old Testament Passover instruction is to point forward to Christ, to the purpose of his death, memorialized in the ritual of the Lord s Supper that now replaces the Passover, and also to the unity of those accepted by him as his people, his body This is a day you are to commemorate; for the generations to come you shall celebrate it as a festival to the LORD a lasting ordinance. 15 For seven days you are to eat bread made without yeast. On the first day remove the yeast from your houses, for whoever eats anything with yeast in it from the first day through the seventh must be cut off from Israel. 16 On the first day hold a sacred assembly, and another one on the seventh day. Do no work at all on these days, except to prepare food for everyone to eat that is all you may do. 17 Celebrate the Feast of Unleavened Bread, because it was on this very day that I brought your divisions out of Egypt. Celebrate this day as a lasting ordinance for the generations to come. 18 In the first month you are to eat bread made without yeast, from the evening of the fourteenth day until the evening of the twenty-first day. 19 For seven days no yeast is to be found in your houses. And whoever eats anything with yeast in it must be cut off from the community of Israel, whether he is an alien or native-born. 20 Eat nothing made with yeast. Wherever you live, you must eat unleavened bread. 21 Then Moses summoned all the elders of Israel and said to them, Go at once and select the animals for your families and slaughter the Passover lamb Stuart, D. K. (2007, c2006). Vol. 2: Exodus. " An exegetical and theological exposition of Holy Scripture"--Cover. (electronic ed.). Logos Library System; The New American Commentary (274). Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers. Take a bunch of hyssop, dip it into the blood in the basin and put some of the blood on the top and on both sides of the doorframe. Not one of you shall go out the door of his house until morning. 23 When the LORD goes through the land to strike down the Egyptians, he will see the blood on the top and sides of the doorframe and will pass over that doorway, and he will not permit the destroyer to enter your houses and strike you down. NOTE: The blood on the doorposts showed acceptance of God s plan for rescue and trust in his word. After all, the sight of dried blood by itself had no power to deter death; it was only as the dried blood painted on the top and sides of the door was a testimony to the faith of the inhabitants in Yahweh that it had its efficacy. Thus the statement, When I see the blood, I will pass over you in other words, I will spare all those who show that they have placed their faith in me Obey these instructions as a lasting ordinance for you and your descendants. 25 When you enter the land that the LORD will give you as he promised, observe this ceremony. 26 And when your children ask you, What does this ceremony mean to you? 27 then tell them, It is the Passover sacrifice to the LORD, who passed over the houses of the Israelites in Egypt and spared our homes when he struck down the Egyptians. Then the people bowed down and worshiped. 28 The Israelites did just what the LORD commanded Moses and Aaron. The 10 th Plague. 29 At midnight the LORD struck down all the firstborn in Egypt, from the firstborn of Pharaoh, who sat on the throne, to the firstborn of the prisoner, who was in the dungeon, and the firstborn of all the livestock as well. 30 Pharaoh and all his officials and all the Egyptians got up during the night, and there was loud wailing in Egypt, for there was not a house without someone dead. 31 During the night Pharaoh summoned Moses and Aaron and said, Up! Leave my people, you and the Israelites! Go, worship the LORD as you have requested. 32 Take your flocks and herds, as you have said, and go. And also bless me. 33 The Egyptians urged the people to hurry and leave the country. For otherwise, they said, we will all die! 34 So the people took their dough before the yeast was added, and carried it on their shoulders in kneading troughs wrapped in clothing. 35 The Israelites did as Moses instructed and asked the Egyptians for articles of silver and gold and for 4 Stuart, D. K. (2007, c2006). Vol. 2: Exodus. " An exegetical and theological exposition of Holy Scripture"--Cover. (electronic ed.). Logos Library System; The New American Commentary (278). Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers.

6 clothing. 36 The LORD had made the Egyptians favorably disposed toward the people, and they gave them what they asked for; so they plundered the Egyptians. 37 The Israelites journeyed from Rameses to Succoth. There were about six hundred thousand men on foot, besides women and children. 38 Many other people went up with them, as well as large droves of livestock, both flocks and herds. 39 With the dough they had brought from Egypt, they baked cakes of unleavened bread. The dough was without yeast because they had been driven out of Egypt and did not have time to prepare food for themselves. 40 Now the length of time the Israelite people lived in Egypt was 430 years. 41 At the end of the 430 years, to the very day, all the LORD s divisions left Egypt. 42 Because the LORD kept vigil that night to bring them out of Egypt, on this night all the Israelites are to keep vigil to honor the LORD for the generations to come. Now, for future generations of the PEOPLE OF GOD, the Lord adds additional clarification on where and who shall partake of the Passover 43 The LORD said to Moses and Aaron, These are the regulations for the Passover: No foreigner is to eat of it. 44 Any slave you have bought may eat of it after you have circumcised him, 45 but a temporary resident and a hired worker may not eat of it. 46 It must be eaten inside one house; take none of the meat outside the house. Do not break any of the bones. 47 The whole community of Israel must celebrate it. 48 An alien living among you who wants to celebrate the LORD s Passover must have all the males in his household circumcised; then he may take part like one born in the land. No uncircumcised male may eat of it. (circumcision tying all of this to the promises to Abraham) 49 The same law applies to the native-born and to the alien living among you. 50 All the Israelites did just what the LORD had commanded Moses and Aaron. 51 And on that very day the LORD brought the Israelites out of Egypt by their divisions. Discuss: Why should God limit the celebration to His own people? 13 The LORD said to Moses, 2 Consecrate to me every firstborn male. The first offspring of every womb among the Israelites belongs to me, whether man or animal. 3 Then Moses said to the people, Commemorate this day, the day you came out of Egypt, out of the land of slavery, because the LORD brought you out of it with a mighty hand. Eat nothing containing yeast. 4 Today, in the month of Abib (or, Nissan which is a later name), you are leaving. 5 When the LORD brings you into the land of the Canaanites, Hittites, Amorites, Hivites and Jebusites the land he swore to your forefathers to give you, a land flowing with milk and honey you are to observe this ceremony in this month: 6 For seven days eat bread made without yeast and on the seventh day hold a festival to the LORD. 7 Eat unleavened bread during those seven days; nothing with yeast in it is to be seen among you, nor shall any yeast be seen anywhere within your borders. 8 On that day tell your son, I do this because of what the LORD did for me when I came out of Egypt. 9 This observance will be for you like a sign on your hand and a reminder on your forehead that the law of the LORD is to be on your lips. For the LORD brought you out of Egypt with his mighty hand. 10 You must keep this ordinance at the appointed time year after year. 11 After the LORD brings you into the land of the Canaanites and gives it to you, as he promised on oath to you and your forefathers, 12 you are to give over to the LORD the first offspring of every womb. All the firstborn males of your livestock belong to the LORD. 13 Redeem with a lamb every firstborn donkey, but if you do not redeem it, break its neck. Redeem every firstborn among your sons. 14 In days to come, when your son asks you, What does this mean? say to him, With a mighty hand the LORD brought us out of Egypt, out of the land of slavery. 15 When Pharaoh stubbornly refused to let us go, the LORD killed every firstborn in Egypt, both man and animal. This is why I sacrifice to the LORD the first male offspring of every womb and redeem each of my firstborn sons. 16 And it will be like a sign on your hand and a symbol on your forehead that the LORD brought us out of Egypt with his mighty hand. Discuss: God strikes the firstborn. God delivers Israel who is called God s firstborn. God wants Israel to set apart the firstborn. How might all of this begin instilling pictures in the mind of His people that could prepared them for the coming of Christ, God s ultimate firstborn Col 1:15? Discuss: What has been the place of blood throughout all of Exodus? What might God be trying to instill in His people? (remember also the unusual event of Exodus 4:24-26) Discuss: How have you been encouraged or enriched in your understanding of God s plan through His execution of the 10 th plague and his redemption of His people from Egypt?

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