åâäðù íå î MAKOM SHENAHAGU MINHAG BECHHOFEN MIDDLE FRANCONIA, BAVARIA, ASHKENAZ
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1 åâäðù íå î MAKOM SHENAHAGU MINHAG BECHHOFEN MIDDLE FRANCONIA, BAVARIA, ASHKENAZ THE CUSTOMS OF THE SYNAGOGUE THE REGULATIONS OF THE BURIAL SOCIETY THE COMMEMORATION BOOK THE ORIGINAL MANUSCRIPTS WERE WRITTEN BY URI SHRAGA ROSENSTEIN SPIRITUAL LEADER OF BECHHOFEN EDITED AND ANNOTATED BY RABBI SHLOMO KATANKA INCLUDING AN EXTENSIVE HISTORY OF THE JEWISH COMMUNITY OF BECHHOFEN BY RABBI MORDECHAI DOERFER MACHON MORESHETH ASHKENAZ THE INSTITUTE FOR GERMAN JEWISH HERITAGE LONDON MMXI
2 96 Â CONTENTS OF THE HEBREW SECTION ÌÂ Ó CONTENTS OF THE HEBREW SECTION SECTION ONE THE CUSTOMS OF THE SYNAGOGUE Preface to Section One... 3 Chapter 1 - Sabbath... 7 Memorial Prayers 7 ù The Mi Sheberach Prayer 9 ù Afternoon Service 12 Chapter 2 - Fast Days Minor Day of Atonement 17 ù Reading of the Torah 18 ù Afternoon Service 19 Chapter 3 - Festivals Morning Service on the Eve of a Festival 24 ù Evening Service 25 ù Morning Service 30 ù Reading of the Torah 30 ù Inauguration of the Sabbath 31 ù Morning Service for the Day after a Festival 33 Chapter 4 - The Month of Elul Sabbath Additional Service 35 ù Penitential Prayers 36 ù The Day before New Year 39 ù Eve of New Year, Ten Days of Penitence and Eve of Day of Atonement 40 ù Order of Service to be Followed When There is no Minyan 42 ù Visiting the Cemetery 45 Chapter 5 - New Year Evening Service 47 ù Morning Service 50 ù Blowing of the Shofar 57 ù Additional Service 59 ù Afternoon Service 60 ù Order of Opening and Closing the Ark 61 Chapter 6 - Sabbath of Repentance Morning Service 66 ù Memorial Prayers 66 ù Additional Service 67 Chapter 7 - Ten Days of Penitence Reading the Torah 68 ù Penitential Prayers for the Eve of the Day of Atonement 70 ù Morning Service for the Eve of the Day of Atonement 73 ù Visiting the Cemetery 74 Chapter 8 - The Day of Atonement Evening Service 77 ù Reading of the Torah 80 ù Afternoon Service 80 ù Havdalah Service 81 ù Order of Opening and Closing the Ark 85
3 Â CONTENTS OF THE HEBREW SECTION ÌÂ Ó 97 Chapter 9 - Sukkoth (Tabernacles) The Days before Sukkoth 98 ù Evening Service 98 ù Morning Service 98 ù Reading of the Torah for the Intermediate Days of Sukkoth 99 ù Inauguration of the Intermediate Sabbath of Sukkoth 100 ù Hoshanoth Service for the Intermediate Sabbath of Sukkoth 100 Chapter 10 - Hoshana Rabba Order of All-Night Torah Learning 102 ù Preparation of the Ark and Scrolls of the Torah 105 ù Morning Service 106 ù Reading of the Torah 109 ù Additional Service 114 ù Hoshanoth 116 ù The Conclusion of the Service 124 Chapter 11 - Shmini Atzereth (The Eighth Day of Solemn Assembly) Matnath Yad Ceremony 134 Chapter 12 - Simchath Torah (Rejoicing of the Law) Reading of the Torah 138 ù Maphtir, Haphtorah and the Remainder of the Service 143 ù The Day after the Festival 144 Chapter 13 - Order of Prayers to Cause the Cessation of Excessive Rain Chapter 14 - The Winter Fasts of Shovavim Tat Order of Penitential Prayers 148 ù Brought Forward 150 Occasions when the Penitential Prayers are Chapter 15 - Fast of the Burial Society Morning Service 151 ù Visiting the Cemetery 153 Chapter 16 - Purim Afternoon Service for the Fast of Esther 155 ù Evening Service 159 ù Morning Service 172 ù Afternoon Service 176 Chapter 17 - The Great Sabbath Eruv Chatzeroth 179 ù Haphtorah 182 Chapter 18 - Pesach (Passover) Eruv Chatzeroth 185 ù Inauguration of the Sabbath 186 ù Evening Service 187 ù The Prayer for Dew [and Rain] 189 ù Additional Service 190 ù Reading of the Torah for the Intermediate Days of Pesach 192 ù Inauguration of the Intermediate Sabbath of Pesach 193 ù Morning Service for the Last Days of Pesach 193
4 98 Â CONTENTS OF THE HEBREW SECTION ÌÂ Ó Chapter 19 - Shavuoth (Pentecost) Afternoon Service 195 ù Order of All-Night Torah Learning 195 ù Morning Service 196 Chapter 20 - Shabbath Chazon (The Sabbath before the Ninth of Av).199 Preparation of the Synagogue 199 ù Inauguration of the Sabbath 200 ù Evening Service 201 ù Morning Service 202 ù Reading of the Torah 202 ù Communal Learning Session 204 ù Afternoon Service 205 Chapter 21 - The Ninth of Av Evening Service 208 ù Morning Service 214 ù Reading of the Torah 217 ù Kinoth and the Book of Lamentations 218 ù Afternoon Service 220 ù Evening Service at the Conclusion of the Fast 226 Chapter 22 - The Fifteenth of Av and The Fifteenth of Shevat Chapter 23 - Days of Communal Celebration to Mark Deliverance from Danger Chapter 24 - Days following the Birth of a Boy and Brith Milah (Circumcision) Zachor (Celebration on the first Friday Night after the Birth of a Boy) 230 ù Order of Learning on the Night before a Brith Milah 232 Chapter 25 - Service at a Consecration of a New House Chapter 26 - Order of Service for the Recovery of the Sick Order of Service 238 ù Timing of Prayers 240 Chapter 27 - Laws of an Onen (Children Awaiting the Burial of their Parents) on the Sabbath Afternoon Service for the Eve of the Sabbath 241 ù Morning Service 247 ù Reading of the Torah 247 ù Communal Learning Session 248 ù Evening Service at the Conclusion of the Sabbath 248 ù Havdalah Service 248 Chapter 28 - House of Mourning The Beginning of the Shivah 250 ù The First Afternoon and Evening Service 251 ù The Beginning of the Shivah when there are no Mourners at all 252 ù The Beginning of the Shivah when none of the Mourners are in the Locality 254 ù Morning Service 255 ù Order of Service when no Minyan is Present 259 ù Evening Service held after Nightfall 262 ù Sabbath Morning Service 263
5 Â CONTENTS OF THE HEBREW SECTION ÌÂ Ó 99 Chapter 29 - Order of Precedence for Reciting Kaddish Year of Mourning and Yahrtzeit 265 ù Shivah 270 ù Thirty Days 270 ù Rabbis Kaddish 271 Chapter 30 - Order of Precedence of those Called to the Torah and of Various Special Readings from the Torah Order of Precedence of those Called to the Torah 274 ù Order of Various Special Readings from the Torah 278 Chapter 31 - Order of the Haphtoroth Haphtoroth for Double Sidroth 281 ù General Rule followed to decide Order of Haphtoroth 286 Haphtoroth for Special Sabbaths 283 ù SECTION TWO THE REGULATIONS OF THE BURIAL SOCIETY Preface to Section Two Chapter 1 - Preparation of the Deceased for Purification Preparation for Washing 295 ù The Initial Wash 296 ù The Process of Cleaning 297 ù An Uncircumcised Baby Boy 297 Chapter 2 - Purification of the Deceased Verses Recited during the Purification 298 ù The Purification 298 ù Treatment of the Wounds of the Deceased 299 ù Suicide 299 Purification of a Person who Committed Chapter 3 - Dressing the Deceased in Shrouds General Instructions for the Dressing the Deceased in Shrouds [for a Married Man] 300 ù The Timing of Placing of the Socks 302 ù The Absence of Knots in the Clothing of the Deceased 302 ù Moving of the Deceased 302 Chapter 4 - Details of the Various Sets of Clothing Used to Dress the Deceased A Baby Boy that Died at Childbirth or Soon Afterwards 304 ù A Baby Boy that Died under Age One 304 ù A Boy that Died over Age One 305 ù A Man that Died 307 ù A Baby Girl that Died under Age One 307 ù A Girl that Died over Age One and An Unmarried Woman that Died 307 ù A Married Woman that Died 308
6 100 Â CONTENTS OF THE HEBREW SECTION ÌÂ Ó ù A Woman who Died During or Soon After Childbirth 309 ù A Stillborn Baby or A Baby under One Month Old 310 ù Inclusion of a Towel and a Lock with every Interment 310 ù The Placing of the Socks 311 Chapter 5 - Placing the Deceased in the Coffin Reciting the Burial Society Prayer 312 ù are Required to Move the Deceased 312 ù The Appropriate Number of People that The Enwrapping in a Talith and a Sheet 312 ù The Pillow filled with Earth 313 ù Covering the Eyes and Mouth 314 Chapter 6 - Order of Requesting Forgiveness from the Deceased General Request for Forgiveness 315 ù Forgiveness Requested by the Son and Relatives of the Deceased 316 ù Forgiveness Requested by the Members of the Burial Society 316 ù The Final Request for Forgiveness 316 ù Asking Forgiveness from a Deceased Woman 316 ù Holding on to the Deceased Whilst Asking for Forgiveness 316 ù Tears Must Not Be Shed on the Corpse 317 Chapter 7 - The Blessing upon Visiting a Cemetery Chapter 8 - The Order of Tearing the Clothes and the Blessing Dayan HaEmeth Tearing the Clothes and the Blessing Dayan HaEmeth 319 ù Tearing the Clothes on Festivals 320 ù Tearing the Clothes on the Intermediate Days of Festivals 320 Chapter 9 - The Kaddish after the Internment Kaddish after Internment 322 ù Days When Tziduk HaDin is Said 322 Chapter 10 - The Laws of Purification and Burial on Festivals The First Day of the Festival 323 ù The Second Day of the Festival 324 ù Purification and Burial of A Stillborn Baby or A Baby under One Month Old 324 SECTION THREE THE COMMEMORATION BOOK Preface to Section Three Lecha Dodi 334 ù 2. Psalm XCII 337 ù 3. Psalm XCIII 338 ù 4. Order of Eruv Chatzeroth 338 ù 5. Al HaKol Yithgadal 340 ù 6. The Mi Sheberach Prayer for The Person Called to the Torah Readings of Rebuke 341 ù 7. Yekum Purkan 343 ù 8. The Mi Sheberach Prayer for the Congregation 344 ù 9. The Prayer for the
7 Â CONTENTS OF THE HEBREW SECTION ÌÂ Ó 101 Royal Family 344 ù 10. The Prayer for the New Month 344 ù 11. The Mi Sheberach Prayer for the Individual for Matnath Yad 346 ù 12. The Mi Sheberach Prayer for Those Exiled from Zöschingen 347 ù 13. Memorial Prayers for the Sabbath 347 ù 14. Memorial Prayers for the Sabbath before Shavuoth and Shabbath Chazon (the Sabbath before the Ninth of Av) 355 ù 15. The Collective Mi Sheberach Prayer for Matnath Yad 369 ù 16. The Mi Sheberach Prayer for the Fasts of BeHaB 370 APPENDIX I - PRAYERS AND SUPPLICATIONS Prayer to be Recited before Learning the Torah 374 ù Prayer to be Recited on Behalf of a Woman during the Seventh Month of her Pregnancy 374 ù Prayer to be Recited on the Night before a Brith Milah 375 APPENDIX II - PRAYERS AND SUPPLICATIONS THAT ADORNED THE SYNAGOGUE WALLS EXECUTED BY ELIEZER SUSSMAN KATZ APPENDIX III - RESPONSA EXAMINING THE BECHHOFEN CUSTOM REGARDING THE ORDER OF PRECEDENCE FOR RECITING KADDISH (written ) BIBLIOGRAPHY GENERAL INDEX LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS...447
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