16:10). I. INTRODUCTION.

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1 Sunday, November 15, 2015 Lesson: Acts 16:1-5, 8-15; Time of Action: 50 A.D.; Place of Action: Derbe; Lystra; Troas; Philipi Golden Text: And after he had seen the vision, immediately we endeavoured to go into Macedonia, assuredly gathering that the Lord had called us for to preach the gospel unto them (Acts 16:10). I. INTRODUCTION. There are many needs in the world today. However, the greatest need of all is to share the good news that Christ died for sinners and that He will give eternal life to those who receive Him as Saviour. Our lesson this week shows us how God spoke to Paul in a vision to get him and his companions to go into Macedonia. However, the need was not related to a man, but to a woman named Lydia in Philippi which was the chief city in that part of Macedonia. It was God s way of getting them into Europe with the gospel for the first time in order to meet specific evangelistic needs. II. BACKGROUND FOR THE LESSON. Because of the persecution of Stephen, many believers were scattered abroad preaching as they went and in Antioch, Syria great numbers of Jews and Greeks turned to the Lord (see Acts 11:19-21). When the Jerusalem church heard about this, they sent Barnabas to Antioch to verify what was happening. When he arrived in Antioch, he found many had accepted the Lord, and he encouraged them even more (see Acts 11:23-24). Then Barnabas left Antioch for Tarsus to find Saul (Paul), and they both returned to Antioch and for a whole year they taught many people, and believers were first called Christians at Antioch (see Acts 11:25-26). As a result of famine, the Christians at Antioch sent Paul and Barnabas with financial relief to the believers in Jerusalem (see Acts 11:27-30). After completing their mission and delivering the aid to the church in Jerusalem, Barnabas and Paul, along with John Mark returned to Antioch (see Acts 12:25). Chapter 13 records Barnabas and Saul being set aside by the Holy Spirit for

2 missionary work. This began their first missionary journey which included John Mark. Their first stop was Seleucia, and then they went on to Cyprus stopping in Salamis where they preached the gospel in the Jewish synagogues. They then continued to Paphos (see Acts 13:4-6) where Paul was no longer called Saul, but was recognized by his Greek name, Paul (see Acts 13:4-6, 13). After leaving Paphos, they went into Perga in Pamphylia which is now modern day Turkey. Leaving Perga, they came to Antioch in Pisidia where they preached in the Jewish synagogues (see Acts 13:14-43). The Jews stirred up the people who then expelled Paul and Barnabas out of the city causing them to shake the dust off their feet and move on to Iconium (see Acts 13:50-51). When they reached Iconium, they preached, and both Jews and Greeks, or Gentiles were saved. But many of the unsaved Jews and Gentiles came against Paul and Barnabas to stone them so they fled into Lystra and Derbe in Lycaonia preaching the gospel (see Acts 14:1-7). In Lystra, because of the preaching of the gospel, Paul was stoned and left for dead. But he got up and he and Barnabas left for Derbe (see Acts 14:19-20). After preaching in Derbe, they headed back to Antioch, Syria, going back through Lystra, Iconium and Antioch Pisidia ordaining elders in every church (see Acts 14:23). They left Pisidia and came into Pamphylia preaching the word in Perga and returned to Antioch telling the believers there what God had done with them, and how He had opened the door of salvation to the Gentiles (see Acts 14:25-28). Because Jewish Christians came to Antioch teaching that Gentiles had to be circumcised before they could be saved, Paul and Barnabas returned to Jerusalem to have the mother church resolve this issue (see Acts 15:1-11) 19-24). After this church conference concluded that circumcision was not necessary to salvation, Paul and Barnabas, along with two prophets, Judas and Silas took the decision back to Antioch (see Acts 15:19-35). Sometime later, Paul and Barnabas decided to revisit the churches in Galatia that he and Barnabas had started on their first missionary tour (see Acts 15:36).-41). Before they left on this second mission, Paul and Barnabas had a dispute over whether to take John Mark with then again. Barnabas wanted to, but Paul didn t. As a result, Barnabas and John Mark sailed on to Cypress, and Paul chose Silas to accompany him on this

3 second missionary journey into Syria and Cilicia. This is how Paul and Silas became missionary companions (see Acts 15:37-41). This is where our lesson begins. III. A COWORKER CHOSEN (Acts 16:1-5) A. The Character of Timothy affirmed (Acts 16:1-2). 1. (vs. 1). Our first verse says Then came he to Derbe and Lystra: and, behold, a certain disciple was there, named Timotheus, the son of a certain woman, which was a Jewess, and believed; but his father was a Greek. After leaving Cilicia, Paul (and Silas) came to the region of Derbe and Lystra, places Paul visited with Barnabas on his first missionary journey (see Acts 14:1-22). As he returned to this region, he found a young man there named Timotheus or Timothy. Luke describes him as a certain disciple meaning he was a follower of Jesus Christ. Paul later called him his own son in the faith (see I Timothy 1:2). Timothy is also described as the son of a certain woman, which was a Jewess, and believed. His mother was a Jewish believer, whose name we learn from II Timothy 1:5, was Eunice. While his mother was a Jew, Luke specifically says but his father was a Greek. This means that his father was a non-jew, and was most likely not a believer since he is not described as a believer as was Timothy s mother. Timothy, his mother Eunice and his grandmother Lois were all Christians and probably believed the gospel on Paul s first missionary journey (see Acts 14:8-21; II Timothy 1:5). 2. (vs. 2). This verse goes on to say Which was well reported of by the brethren that were at Lystra and Iconium. The word which refers back to Timothy, who is here described as being well reported of by the brethren that were at Lystra and Iconium. The phrase well reported of literally means witnessed of or testified to. In other words, Timothy

4 had a good reputation. Note: Most likely Timothy s hometown was Lystra instead of Derbe, for here the text omits the mention of Derbe. In most cases, Lystra and Derbe are mentioned together in Scripture (see Acts 14:6; 16:1). If Lystra was where Timothy was from, he had a good reputation in his hometown; with those who would have known him best. This is an important qualification for any kind of spiritual leadership (see I timothy 3:1, 7; Titus 1:7). If anyone knew Timothy well, it would certainly be those in his hometown. B. The concession of Timothy allowed (Acts 16:3). Still referring to Timothy, this verse continues to say Him would Paul have to go forth with him; and took and circumcised him because of the Jews which were in those quarters: for they knew all that his father was a Greek. Paul, recognizing Timothy s faithfulness and good reputation, wanted this young man to go forth with him on his second missionary journey. Maybe Paul was reminded of John Mark, who Paul considered to be unfaithful to their first mission (see Acts 15:37-40). According to I Corinthians 4:2, the primary requirement in the ministry is faithfulness. Then Luke writes something very interesting. He said that Paul took and circumcised him because of the Jews which were in those quarters: for they knew all that his father was a Greek. It was no secret that Paul taught that salvation was by faith in Jesus Christ alone, but we are told that he circumcised Timothy which had nothing to do with salvation. It appears that Paul was giving in to the believing Jews and Pharisees who taught that circumcision and keeping the law were both essential to salvation (see Acts 15:1, 5). However, that was not the case. Paul s concern was that if Timothy was going to assist them in ministering to Jews, to whom Paul always preached first before preaching to Gentiles (see Romans 1:16), Timothy would have to be acceptable to Jews. But the problem with using Timothy was that even though his father was a Greek and a Gentile, he had a Jewish mother and everyone in those quarters meaning

5 where Timothy was from, knew he was from a mixed marriage. Note: Timothy was not circumcised because his father was a Gentile. But under Jewish law, a person is what his mother is or was. Therefore, Timothy was considered to be a Jew. As such, he should have been circumcised on the eighth day of life (see Leviticus 12:2-3; Acts 7:8; Philippians 3:4-5). Paul realized that having a member of his team who was Jewish and not circumcised might offend the Jews to whom he would minister. It was the apostle s desire to do what was necessary in order to share the gospel (see I Corinthians 9:19-23). Since Timothy was known to be an uncircumcised Jew, he may have been ineffective on Paul s missionary team and probably an obstacle to witnessing to Jews. In addition, being uncircumcised, Timothy wouldn t be allowed in the temple where Paul usually preached to Jews (see Acts 21:27-29). Paul realized that Jews would never listen to the uncircumcised son of a Jewish woman. As believers, we must be sensitive to the needs of others and deny ourselves if necessary in order to minister effectively (see I Corinthians 8:9). Hebrew Christians must be allowed to follow Jewish customs in order not to lose a ministry to their own people. In order to make Timothy more acceptable to Jews, Paul had him circumcised. On another occasion, Paul had refused the circumcision of Titus on the grounds that Gentiles, and even Jews, were not obligated to do the works of the law in order to be saved (see Galatians 2:1-3). So, does that mean that Paul was being inconsistent? No it does not. Timothy was born to a Jewish mother and was therefore Jewish. Titus, on the other hand was a Gentile and to obligate him to be circumcised would have involved adding works of the law to grace. Gentiles are not to be examples of keeping the law, they are to be examples of God s grace. C. The churches confirmed which Paul had planted (Acts 16:4-5). 1. (vs. 4). This verse says And as they went through the cities, they

6 delivered them the decrees for to keep, that were ordained of the apostles and elders which were at Jerusalem. With the new missionary team in place (Paul, Silas and Timothy), as they went through the cities, they delivered them the decrees for to keep. As they traveled from city to city where he had preached the word of the Lord and established churches on his first mission, Paul s intent was to see how they were doing (see Acts 15:36). They also delivered to the existing churches the decrees for them to keep. The decrees refer to the instructions that resulted from the decisions made by the Jerusalem church that it was not necessary to be circumcised or keep the law to be saved (see Acts 15:19-28). As far as what was expected of Gentile Christians, the decrees also told them to abstain from meats offered to idols, and from blood, and from things strangled, and from fornication: from which if ye keep yourselves, ye shall do well (see Acts 15:29). This means that Gentile converts needed to change their behaviors in order to follow Christ (see II Corinthians 5:17). But this is true of all believers. These decrees or decisions that were to be delivered to every church that Paul and his team visited were ordained of the apostles and elders which were at Jerusalem. The decisions, or instructions carried by the mission team were agreed upon by the apostles and elders who were in Jerusalem, and were for the churches to observe. Note: The copies of the decrees that Paul and his team were to deliver to the established churches, and even to new ones had been approved by the church leadership in Jerusalem, and were meant to direct the churches in governing themselves. In addition, they would be able to respond to the Judaizing teachers who continued to teach that Gentiles needed to be circumcised or become Jews before they could be saved. The decrees would also justify both Jews and Gentiles as they adhered to the liberty with which Christ had made them free (see Galatians 5:1-2). All the churches were included in that decree, and therefore it was necessary that they should all have it agreed upon by the apostles and elders in Jerusalem.

7 2. (vs. 5). This verse says, And so were the churches established in the faith, and increased in number daily. As the missionary team continued on their missionary tour, two things happened. First, so were the churches established in the faith. This means that the churches were spiritually strengthened in the Christian faith. The second thing that happened was that the churches increased in number daily. So, as the churches grew spiritually, they also grew in numbers daily (see Acts 6:7). Note: Many churches today seem to focus only on attendance and giving. But in reality, we can t determine who, or how many people join our churches, because the Scriptures say that God is the One who determines that (see I Corinthians 12:18). For sure, there are many ways to increase attendance and giving, but many are simply gimmicks. Therefore, we need to be careful that the methods we use are Scriptural and worthy of Jesus mission and message. IV. A CALL FROM MACEDONIA (Acts 16:8-13). Verses 6-7 are not part of our lesson, but in those verses Luke writes that the missionary team next traveled through Phrygia and Galatia because the Holy Spirit had told them not to go into the Turkish province of Asia Minor at that time. Then going along the borders of Mysia, they headed north for the province of Bithynia, but again the Spirit forbade them to go there. Note: We are not told why the

8 Holy Spirit didn t allow Paul to preach In Asia Minor or Bithynia at that time. But what we do know is that Paul and his associates followed God s direction and not their own. The Holy Spirit guides us to the right places, but He also guides us away from the wrong places. Our duty is to follow His direction as did Paul and his company. As we seek God s will, it s important to know what God wants us to do, and where He wants us to go. However, it s equally important to know what God does not want us to do, and where he does not want us to go. A. The vision given to Paul (Acts 16:8-9). 1. (vs. 8). After the Holy Spirit told Paul and his company not to go into Bithynia to preach, this verse says And they passing by Mysia came down to Troas. They continued southwest of the region of Mysia (part of what is now Turkey) and arrived at the city of Troas, a city on the coast of the Aegean Sea. It was a Roman province of Asia and was south of the Hellespont, the strait that separated Asia from Europe. Up to this point, Paul and his companions had not set foot in Europe. Since Troas was a seaport, it was a good place for the missionary team to await further directions from the Lord. 2. (vs. 9). In this verse Luke writes And a vision appeared to Paul in the night; There stood a man of Macedonia, and prayed him, saying, Come over into Macedonia, and help us. At some point while they were in Troas, God provided the direction Paul needed, for a vision appeared to Paul in the night. Note: God often made His will known through visions and dreams (see Matthew 1:20-24; 2:13; Acts 9:10-16). Using these means, God brought to pass right before man s eyes what He wanted him to know. Since the final revelation of God, the Bible, has been completed, He no longer speaks to man in those ways (see Hebrews 1:1-2). In

9 Paul s vision There stood a man of Macedonia, and prayed him, saying, Come over into Macedonia, and help us. The man in the vision was from Macedonia which was in the northern part of the Greek peninsula in Eastern Europe, about 125 miles northwest of Troas where Paul and his company were staying. Luke tells us that the man in the vision prayed him, saying, Come over into Macedonia, and help us. The term prayed here means to beg. The man was begging Paul to come to Macedonia to help them. We are not told what kind of help was being requested, but surely Paul knew that it had to do with preaching the gospel to the Greeks. B. The vision understood by Paul (Acts 16:10-11). 1. (vs. 10). This verse says And after he had seen the vision, immediately we endeavoured to go into Macedonia, assuredly gathering that the Lord had called us for to preach the gospel unto them. So clear was the calling of the vision that Paul and his companions, Silas and Timothy immediately endeavoured to go into Macedonia. There was no delay. The term endeavoured means to make preparations. In other words, as soon as Paul received the vision they all made preparations to go to Macedonia. Note: We should be aware of the change of the pronoun they in the phrase And they passing by Mysia in verse 8 to we in the words we endeavoured to go into Macedonia and us in the phrase the Lord had called us for to preach. The change in language from using the third person plural they to using the first person plural we and us indicates that Luke, the human author of the book of Acts (see Luke 1:1-4; Acts 1:1) and a Gentile physician (see Colossians 4:14) had joined the missionary team at Troas, and became a firsthand witness to all that happened there. The first person plural pronouns we and us also occur in other sections of Acts as well,

10 indicating Luke was personally present with Paul and his companions (see Acts 20:5-15; 21:1-18; 27:1-28:18). However, at Philippi, it appears that Luke was left behind as they continued their mission since the pronoun they is used once again (see Acts 16:12, 17:1). During the rest of this second missionary journey, there is no indication that Luke was present. However, on the third journey once again the pronouns we and us are used indicating the Luke had rejoined the mission team most likely in Philippi where he had been left. The missionary team then prepared to go into Macedonia assuredly gathering that the Lord had called us for to preach the gospel unto them. The words assuredly gathering can be translated concluding or being instructed. It emphasizes that they were all knit together or united in their conclusion that God had called them to minister in Macedonia. This unity of purpose is essential to a gospel ministry. Again, we should take note that Luke uses the pronoun us instead of them in the phrase the Lord had called us which also indicates that he had joined the missionary team. Note: The decision to go into Macedonia was not reached by Paul alone, even though he had received the vision. But because of the vision, the entire company discerned God s call as Luke wrote we endeavoured to go into Macedonia, assuredly gathering that the Lord had called us. It s important to realize that we should not wait for visions to direct us in ministry, because they may never come. In fact, we should not wait for direction at all beyond the commands recorded in the Bible. Indeed, it was while Paul and his companions were already actively serving the Lord that the Holy Spirit s specific direction came to them. And the same is true with us. As we obey what is already written in Scripture, and walk by faith, the Lord will specifically direct our paths. The decision to go to Macedonia was crucial to the historical development of Christianity. It was this journey that set the gospel on a westward curse that would eventually lead to the evangelization of Europe and even lands beyond that, including our own.

11 2. (vs. 11). This verse says Therefore loosing from Troas, we came with a straight course to Samothracia, and the next day to Neapolis. Here Luke writes that leaving Troas the team sailed with a straight course to Samothracia. Samothracia was a small mountainous island in the Aegean Sea. The island was so named because those who lived there originally came from Thrace and the island of Samos. After spending the night, the next day they sailed to Neapolis, a seaport city about seventy miles from Samothracia and about ten miles from Philippi. C. The vision obeyed by Paul (Acts 16:12-13). 1. (vs. 12). This verse continues to say And from thence to Philippi, which is the chief city of that part of Macedonia, and a colony: and we were in that city abiding certain days. From Neapolis the travelers went the short distance of about ten miles inland to Philippi, which is the chief city of that part of Macedonia, and a colony. The fact that Philippi was the chief city of that part of Macedonia means that it was a very important city mainly because it was a center of travel and trade, and had access to the Aegean Sea as well as being located on the Via Egnatia, a major Roman highway. However, since the definite article the does not appear in the original Greek, a better translation would be a chief city. Note: Prior to 356 B.C., Philippi was known as Krenides, and the father of Alexander the Great, Philip, completely refurbished that ancient city and named it after himself in 356 B.C. It was also the site of a famous battle in which Anthony and Octavian defeated Brutus and Cassius, the chief conspirators in the murder of Julius Caesar. Philippi was also a colony meaning a Roman possession. It was actually a miniature Rome and the official language was Latin. Octavius made it a Roman colony with all the

12 privileges of Roman citizenship, such as freedom from scourging, freedom from arrest (see Acts 16:37; 23:27; 25:16) except in extreme cases, and its citizens had the right to appeal to the emperor (see Acts 25:10-12). In the last part of this verse, Luke says and we were in that city abiding certain days. Because of the Roman influence in Philippi, there were no Jewish synagogues there. So, Instead of an immediate witness to Jews, which was Paul s custom in the places he visited, it appears that he and his company remained in the city certain days waiting for further directions from God as to what they were to do next. 2. (vs. 13). In this verse, Luke writes And on the sabbath we went out of the city by a river side, where prayer was wont to be made; and we sat down, and spake unto the women which resorted thither. As previously noted, Paul had adopted the practice of starting his witness in a city by preaching Christ in the Jewish synagogues (see Acts 14:1; 18:1-4, 19), but apparently there were none in Philippi. Since a synagogue was to be established wherever there were ten or more males over thirteen years of age (in Hebrew this was a minyan, or a quorum), the absence of synagogues in Philippi indicates that there was a very small Jewish population. Somehow, Paul and his helpers found out about a place out of the city by a river side, where prayer was wont to be made meaning where people met for prayer. Whenever there was a place with less than ten Jewish males 13 or older, a place of prayer could be set aside for the few Jews, if any, and for Jewish proselytes. So, on the first Sabbath or Saturday, that they were in Philippi, Paul and his company went there. Since these women were observing the Sabbath Day indicates that they had become familiar with Judaism, probably like Cornelius, the first Gentile convert. When the missionary team arrived by the river, Luke writes and we sat down, and spake unto the women which resorted thither. The missionaries joined these worshiping women and began to speak with them. No doubt they used this opportunity to present

13 the gospel to these women. That was the reason they came to the meeting by the river side. Interestingly, in his vision, Paul saw a man calling for help in Macedonia, but when he arrived there, his first ministry was to a group of women. The fact that there were only women present helps explain why Philippi had no synagogue, for as we ve noted, a minimum of ten men was required to establish one. Note: Paul always took advantage of any opening for the gospel that he could find. Eventually, he developed a warm relationship with the Philippian believers. When he later wrote to them, he remembered this particular day. He wrote that he cherished their fellowship from the first day (see Philippians 1:5). Paul also paid tribute to the Philippian women who had worked with him at that time (see Philippians 4:3). V. A CHARITABLE CONVERT(Acts 16:14-15) A. An open heart (Acts 16:14). 1. (vs. 14). This verse says And a certain woman named Lydia, a seller of purple, of the city of Thyatira, which worshipped God, heard us: whose heart the Lord opened, that she attended unto the things which were spoken of Paul. Among the women gathered that day was a certain woman named Lydia, a seller of purple, of the city of Thyatira. The city of Thyatira was a prominent trading city in western Asia Minor. This city was famous for making purple dye and for dyeing cloth. The church that was established in Thyatira later became one of the seven churches addressed in Revelation (see Revelation 2:18-29). Lydia, who is described as a seller of purple was a merchant or business woman. As a merchant, she may have

14 either sold the dye or the dyed cloth. Most likely she was either single or widowed and wealthy. She had settled in Philippi to carry on her trade. Luke also said that Lydia worshipped God, (and) heard us. Note: The expression worshipped God makes it clear that she was not Jewish, but a Gentile God-fearer (see Acts 10:1-2). This means that she had become a partial proselyte, or a convert to Judaism from paganism. However, these Gentile God-fearers were not accepted into the Jewish faith community. Lydia may have adopted Judaism because of the strong Jewish influence in Thyatira. Since there was no synagogue in Philippi, it would make sense that Lydia was attracted to Judaism before she left Thyatira and came to Philippi. Therefore, her previous religious experience with Judaism had prepared her for the Christian message. Luke said that Lydia heard us. In other words, she heard the gospel message, but more specifically, she attended unto the things which were spoken of Paul. She listened intently to Paul s message of salvation. As Lydia listened to the gospel, her heart was opened by The Lord to produce faith in the gospel (see Romans 10:17) thus converting her to Christ. In the same way, the Holy Spirit works in every person who receives Jesus, inclining the person to believe what is read or heard about Christ. Too often we try to open hearts, but only God can do that (see John 6:44; 7:51; 13:48). 2. (vs. 15). Our final verse says And when she was baptized, and her household, she besought us, saying, If ye have judged me to be faithful to the Lord, come into my house, and abide there. And she constrained us. Lydia, after having accepted Jesus Christ as Lord and Saviour she was baptized, and her household. Both Lydia and her household were baptized upon their confession of faith (see Romans 10:9-13). As a well-to-do businesswoman, her household no doubt included any women who were

15 employed by her and lived with her, as well as any relatives living with her (see Acts 10:7). By submitting to baptism, Lydia and her household were declaring their faith publicly. Note: Before His ascension, the Lord Jesus commanded His disciples to preach the Gospel to all the world baptizing all who believed this saving message in the name of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost (see Matthew 28:18; Mark 16:15-16). This command was faithfully obeyed by the early Christian Church beginning with the Day of Pentecost (see Acts 2:38-41; 8:12-13, 36-38; 9:18; 10:48; 16:14-15, 32-33; 18:8; 19:5; 22:13-16). Lydia also displayed her faith by offering living quarters to the missionary team during their stay. With the words If ye have judged me to be faithful to the Lord, come into my house, and abide there Lydia was saying if you consider me to be a true believer in the Lord, come and stay at my house. In other words, if Paul and his companions took her profession of faith seriously, they also ought to accept her invitation. The last phrase of this verse says And she constrained us. The word constrained means to compel by force or to beg with intensity. Luke does not tell us why, but the men were reluctant to accept Lydia s generous offer. It may have been that they didn t want to do anything that might look improper since Lydia may have been single or widowed. However, she urged them to accept her hospitality and stay with her and they did. Note: What an outstanding example of Christian hospitality we see in Lydia! By assisting these missionaries in material ways, she was serving God. When we help God s servants, we are fellowhelpers to the truth (see III John 1:8). Her example was followed by believers at Philippi, for they ministered to Paul s needs more that once (see Philippians 4:10, 15-16). VI. Conclusion. God was directing the labors of Paul. The call to go to Macedonia (in Europe) came only after the Holy Spirit had closed the door on

16 two other fields of ministry (see Acts 16:6-7). The Apostle Paul s method was to seek out the devout souls in each city, usually at the synagogue. Evidently, there was no synagogue at Philippi, so Paul and his traveling companions joined a ladies prayer meeting at the river s edge. The prominent figure in Paul s ministry in Philippi was Lydia. The role of women in God s service is vital, and it should be honored. Through her example of hospitality, Lydia has been a silent teacher to Christ s church through the centuries. ***The Bible Expositor and Illuminator, Union Gospel Press***

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