foundations for a peaceful world?

Transcription

1 december vol issue twelve what are The foundations for a peaceful world? A historic address at Canada s National Parliament Human Values The Foundation for a Peaceful World 12 A Glimpse into the Life of The Holy Prophet Muhammad sa 32 Justice The Prerequisite to a Peaceful World 34 Mary: A Personal Reflection 52

2 The Promised Messiah as & imam mahdi The Holy Prophet Muhammad sa prophesied that the Promised Messiah as would be raised near a white minaret, east of Damascus. This prophecy was fulfilled with the advent of the Promised Messiah as from Qadian, India, a city directly east of Damascus. world faiths Equality O mankind, We have created you As regards God Almighty, we You shall do no injustice in from a male and a female; and can call Him Rahim [The Most judgment; you shall not be We have made you into tribes and Merciful] on account of His partial to the poor nor defer sub-tribes that you may recognize Malikiyyat [Sovereignty], but we to the great, but you are to one another. Verily, the most cannot call Him just. Any person judge your neighbour fairly. founder of the review of religions Hazrat Mirza Ghulam Ahmad as, the Promised Messiah and Mahdi was born to a noble family in Qadian, India. From an early age he had a keen interest in religion and developed a love for the Holy Prophet Muhammad sa. He was also known for his honesty, friendliness and resolve. Over time his knowledge and understanding of religion and its application to society deepened. Being a Muslim it was his firm belief that all religions were true at their source but with the passage of time had drifted away from their original teachings; he upheld the dignity of religion and demonstrated its relevance to everyone. His earnest defence of religion was ultimately blessed when he started to receive direct revelation from Allah a blessing that he continued for the rest of his life. His mission was to revitalise the truth that all religions held within them and to revive the teachings of Islam. It was through this that he would bring mankind together and establish everlasting peace. In 1889, under Divine Guidance, Hazrat Ahmad as founded the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community a community that has since grown in its stature and strength and has remained active in conveying the message of Islam to the ends of the earth. Hazrat Ahmad as had established himself as a respected writer and had written over 80 books. His writings have been translated into more than 60 languages and continue to inspire readers to this day. One of his greatest scholarly works was The Philosophy of the Teachings of Islam, prepared as a paper and read out at the Conference of Great Religions in He also wrote a fascinating treatise in 1899 entitled Jesus in India, a book that uncovered remarkable evidence of Jesus s as journey to India. In 1902, the Promised Messiah as initiated The Review of Religions which has covered a vast array of topics on religion, philosophy and contemporary issues of the day. It is the longest running English magazine in defence of Islam and the values it teaches. From 1889 until the time of his demise in 1908 tens of thousands of people accepted him. This blessing has continued and will continue through his Khulafa (successors). Currently under the fifth successor, we are seeing that the tide of acceptance is worldwide and that the message of Prophet Ahmad as has really reached the ends of the earth. makhzan-e-tasaweer honourable among you, in the sight of Allah, is he who is the most righteous among you. Surely, Allah is All-knowing, All-Aware. Islam, The Holy Qur an, 49:14 The Prophet sa said: O Mankind! Verily your Lord is One and your father (Adam) is one. An Arab is not better than a non-arab, and a non-arab is not better than an Arab; a white man is not better than a black man and a black man is not better than a white man except in piety. Islam, Ahmad bin Hanbal & Sunan Al Tirmidhi who is owned by another cannot demand justice from his owner, though he can humbly supplicate for mercy. That is why the Holy Qur an does not designate God Almighty as just, because justice demands mutual equality. God Almighty is Just in the sense that He acts justly as between creatures regarding their mutual rights, but He is not just in the sense that any creature of His might demand his right from Him as an associate. All His creatures belong to God and He has authority to treat them as He might wish. He might bestow kingdom upon whom He wills and He might make a beggar of him whom He so wills. He might cause anyone to die young or He might bestow a long life upon any. We ourselves when we own anything are free to bestow it as we might choose. Indeed God is Merciful; rather, He is the Most Merciful of all. By virtue of His mercy, and not out of any limits in consideration of justice, He provides for His creation. Islam, The Promised Messiah as, Chashma-e- Ma rifat, Ruhani Khaza in. Christianity, The Bible, Leviticus 19:15 But when you give a banquet, invite the poor, the crippled, the lame, the blind, and you will be blessed. Although they cannot repay you, you will be repaid at the resurrection of the righteous. Christianity, The Bible, Luke: 14:13-14 Among these men there are no superiors or no inferiors, no middle ones either. They become great from small beginnings. They make progress in different ways by dint of their merits. By birth they are all highborn because they are all children of Mother- Earth. O you men of the Lord Refulgent! Be available to us in a loveable manner or grow into praise-worthy souls in fair ways. Hinduism, Rig Veda

3 contents december 2016 Vol.111 issue twelve 8 The Purpose of Religion Hazrat Mirza Ghulam Ahmad as, The Promised Messiah & Imam Mahdi 12 Human Values The Foundation for a Peaceful World A historic address at Canada s National Parliament, addressing the obligations of governments in maintaining world peace. Hazrat Mirza Masroor Ahmad aba, Worldwide Head of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community 28 Views from the Parliament Event Various speakers welcomed His Holiness to Parliament, including the recipient of the Sir Zafrullah Khan award, the Hon. Louise Arbour and MP Judy Sgro. 32 A Glimpse into the Life of The Holy Prophet Muhammad sa 34 Justice The Prerequisite to a Peaceful World At Canada s first Annual Peace Symposium, His Holiness speaks of the obligations that Muslims have to maintain peace in their communities and their obligations to protect freedom of conscience for all. Hazrat Mirza Masroor Ahmad aba, Worldwide Head of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community 48 Views from the National Peace Symposium Guests give their impressions of the event. 50 God Has No Partner Hazrat Mirza Ghulam Ahmad as, The Promised Messiah & Imam Mahdi 52 Mary: A Personal Reflection Born as a Catholic and a convert to Ahmadiyyat Islam, Imam Ibrahim Noonan reflects on the significance of Mary in the Catholic church as well as what we can learn about her from Gospel accounts Front cover picture: Shuhan shutterstock 52

4 WORLD CRISIS and the Pathway to PEACE MIRZA MASROOR AHMAD MANAGEMENT BOARD Munir-Ud-Din Shams (Chairman), Syed Amer Safir (Secretary), Mubarak Ahmad Zaffar, Abdul Baqi Arshad, Ataul Mujeeb Rashed, Naseer Qamar, Abid Waheed Ahmad Khan, Aziz Ahmad Bilal CHIEF EDITOR & MANAGER EDITORIAL BOARD Syed Amer Safir Mansoor Saqi, Bockarie Tommy Kallon, Professor Amtul Razzaq Carmichael, Murtaza Ahmad, Fiona ASSOCIATE EDITORS O Keefe, Hassan Wahab, Jonathan Butterworth, Nakasha Ahmad, Tariq H. Malik Munazza Khan, Waqar Ahmedi, Mahida Javed The world is passing through turbulent times. The global economic crisis continues to manifest new and grave dangers at every juncture. The similarities of the current circumstances to the build-up of the Second World War are stark. Events appear to be moving us rapidly towards a Third World War. The consequences of a nuclear war are beyond our imagination. In this book, the historic addresses of Hazrat Mirza Masroor Ahmad aba, Fifth Khalifah of the Promised Messiah and Supreme Head of the worldwide Ahmadiyya Muslim Community, to prominent dignitaries at Capitol Hill, the House of Commons, the European Parliament and other notable locations around the world have been collated. The book also includes the momentous letters sent by His Holiness to the numerous world leaders. Over and over again, His Holiness has reminded all that the only means of averting a global catastrophe is for nations to establish justice as an absolute requirement of their dealings with others. Even if mutual enmity exists, impartiality must be observed at all times, because history has taught us that this alone is the way to eliminate all traces of hatred and to build everlasting peace. Read online at: Purchase the book here: RELIGION & SCIENCE Editor: Dr. Syed Muhammad Tahir Nasser Deputy: Dr. Tauseef Khan ISLAM & CONTEMPORARY ISSUES Editor: Shahzad Ahmad LAW & HUMAN RIGHTS Editor: Qudsi Rasheed Deputy: Ayesha Mahmood Malik ANCIENT RELIGIONS & ARCHAEOLOGY Editor: Fazal Ahmad Deputy: Rizwan Safir CHRISTIANITY Editor: Navida Sayed Deputy: Arif Khan Women s Section Editor: Aliya Latif Deputy: Meliha Hayat BOOK REVIEWS Editor: Sarah Waseem WEB TEAM Mubashra Ahmad, Hibba Turrauf Special Collections Head: Razwan Baig SUB-EDITORS Munawara Ghauri (Head), Maryam Malik, Nusrat Haq, Mariam Rahman PROOFREADERS Farhana Dar (Head), Hina Rehman, Amina Abbasi, Aisha Patel HOUSE STYLE GUIDE Maleeha Ahmad (Head), Sadia Shah SOCIAL MEDIA Tazeen Ahmad (Head), Mala Khan (Deputy), Nudrat Ahmad, Hajra Ahmad, Mishall Rahman, Shumaila Ahmad PRINT DESIGN AND LAYOUT Ahsan Khan INTERNATIONAL SUBSCRIPTION & DISTRIBUTION Muhammad Hanif ACCOUNTS & MARKETING Musa Sattar ART & CREATIVITY Zubair Hayat, Mussawir Din INDEXING, TAGGING & ARCHIVING Mirza Krishan Ahmad (Head). Amtus Shakoor Tayyaba Ahmed (Deputy). Humaira Omer, Humda Sohail, Shahid Malik, Ruhana Hamood, Mubahil Shakir, Adila Bari, Hassan Raza Ahmad

5 The Promised Messiah as & imam mahdi (guided one) founder of the review of religions Hazrat Mirza Ghulam Ahmad as The Purpose of Religion The purpose of religion is that people should recognise the True God who created the world, love Him so much that every other love should grow cold in their hearts, be kind and compassionate towards His creatures, and strive to attain the utmost purity. This purpose is being neglected in this age and most people are practically following some form of atheism. They do not seem to be aware of the existence of God, and it is this lack of awareness that causes sin to be committed with more and more audacity. It is plain that unless we possess true knowledge about something, we cannot understand its worth and can neither love, nor fear it. All forms of love and fear and appreciation are born out of awareness, and the major cause of the profusion of sin in this age is man s lack of awareness about his Creator. The sign which distinguishes a true religion from others is that it opens up for the believers many paths to knowledge and awareness about God, which causes them not only to desist from sin, but, when they have seen the beauty and glory of the Divine, to fall in love with Him so completely that to them even a moment of separation seems worse than the torments of Hell. 1 endnotes 1. Hazrat Mirza Ghulam Ahmad as, Lecture Lahore, (Tilford, Surrey: Islam International Publications Ltd., 2008), 4-5.

6 The Khalifah in Canada During his historic visit to Parliament, Prime Minister of Canada, Justin Trudeau, met with His Holiness. The Review of Religions continues with exclusive coverage of the historic tour of the worldwide Head of the Ahmadiyya Muslim community

7 Human Values The Foundation for a Peaceful World Parliament address by the worldwide Head of the Ahmadi y ya Muslim Communit y, His Holiness, Hazrat Mirza Masroor Ahmad aba On 17 th October, 2016, His Holiness, Hazrat Mirza Masroor Ahmad aba, Worldwide Head of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community, delivered a historic address at a special reception at Canada s National Parliament in Ottawa, Canada s capital city, emphasising the importance of governments ensuring the religious freedom of all their citizens and the need for peace and stability in world affairs. The Review of Religions is pleased to present the complete address below. After reciting Tashahhud, Ta awwuz and Bismillah, Hazrat Mirza Masroor Ahmad aba, Khalifatul Masih V, Worldwide Head of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community, said: Bismillahir Rahmanir Raheem in the Name of Allah, the Gracious, Ever-Merciful. All distinguished guests, Assalamo Alaikum Wa Rahmatullahe Wa Barakatohu - peace and blessings of Allah be upon you all. First of all, I would like to take this opportunity to thank all of you for inviting me, especially our close friend Judy Sgro. I am neither a political person, and nor am I the leader of a political organisation. Rather, I am the Head of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community, which is a purely religious and spiritual community. Nonetheless, irrespective of differences of background, I believe that on the basis of humanity, we are all joined together, and should therefore be united. All people and all organisations must collectively endeavour to uphold human values, and strive to make the world in which we live a better and far more harmonious place. Consequently, if human values and human rights are not upheld in one country or region, it has a knockon effect upon other parts of the world and such wrongdoing can spread further afield. Conversely, if there is goodness, humanity and prosperity in one part of the world, it will have a positive effect on other societies and other people. As a result of modern forms of communication and Nonetheless, irrespective of differences of background, I believe that on the basis of humanity, we are all joined together, and should therefore be united. 12 The Review of Religions december 2016 december 2016 The Review of Religions 13

8 human values the foundation for a peaceful world *The photos used in this article were not used in the original publication, but have been added to our serialisation by The Review of Religions to help illustrate the subject matter. The Review of Religions takes full responsibility for any errors in depiction.* His Holiness, Hazrat Mirza Masroor Ahmad aba, Worldwide Head of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community, visited the Parliament of Canada and urged countries to act justly to their citizens and to other countries urging the prioritisation of others rights over self-interest. Furthermore, every individual has the right to peacefully preach and propagate his or her teaching to others. These freedoms ought to be guaranteed as basic human rights, and so legislative assemblies or governments should not unduly involve themselves in such matters. transport, we are all now much closer together and are no longer confined or bound by geography. Yet, it is a strange and tragic paradox that even though we are more connected than ever before, we are actually growing more distant by the day. It is extremely regrettable, and a source of grief, that instead of uniting and spreading love amongst mankind, the world has paid far greater heed towards spreading hatred, cruelty and injustice. People are unwilling to take personal responsibility for their failures and so each individual blames others and considers the division and conflicts of the world to be the fault of everyone else but them. Consequently, we are passing through a time of great uncertainty and no one can truly comprehend what the consequences of our actions will be, both in the short term and in the long term. In this age, when the fear of Islam is on the increase in much of the world, let me reassure all of you that Islam is not what you commonly see or hear portrayed in the media. As far as my knowledge of Islam is concerned, I only know of that Islam whose teachings are based on its name. The literal meaning of the word Islam is peace, love, and harmony and all of its teachings are based upon these noble values. However, unfortunately, it cannot be denied that there are some Muslim groups, whose beliefs and actions are in total contrast to this. In complete violation of Islam s fundamental teachings, they are perpetrating the most horrific violence and terrorism in its name. In light of all this, I shall now seek to share with you Islam s true and peaceful teachings. This esteemed venue, where you have courageously invited me, is not a house of religion and probably there are many amongst you who are not personally interested in religion. However, in your capacities as lawmakers, you will sometimes have to deal with matters that affect the followers of religion. In this context, the Holy Qur an categorically states in chapter 2, verse 257, that there should be no compulsion in religion. What a clear, comprehensive and unequivocal statement that enshrines freedom of thought, freedom of religion and freedom of conscience. Thus, my belief and my teaching is that every person, in every village, town, city or country has the undisputed right to choose his or her religion and to practice it. Furthermore, every individual has the right to peacefully preach and propagate It is a source of regret that in many instances, Muslims are partially to blame for the current instability in the world even though Islam itself preaches purely peace. Prazis Shutterstock his or her teaching to others. These freedoms ought to be guaranteed as basic human rights, and so legislative assemblies or governments should not unduly involve themselves in such matters, otherwise there is a risk that their intrusion could be viewed as a source of provocation and lead to frustration and resentment. Sadly, in today s world, we are seeing how Muslim governments are themselves interfering in such personal matters and this is a root cause of the instability and conflicts in those countries. The only beneficiaries are extremist religious clerics and militants who are taking advantage of the frustrations of 14 The Review of Religions december 2016 december 2016 The Review of Religions 15

9 human values the foundation for a peaceful world people by promoting barbaric violence and senseless conflict. However, it cannot be said that Western governments, who claim to be truly democratic, are entirely innocent or blameless. Rather, here in the West, we also see that sometimes laws or rules are enacted that are in conflict with Western claims of being beacons of universal religious freedom and tolerance. Laws are occasionally created that contradict the view that every person in the Western world is free to believe whatever he or she desires and to have the liberty to live peacefully according to his or her faith. It is not wise for governments or parliaments to place restrictions on the basic religious practices or beliefs of people. For example, governments should not concern themselves with what type of clothing a woman chooses to wear. They should not issue decrees stating what a place of worship should look like. If they overreach in this way, it will be a means of restlessness and heightening frustrations amongst their people. Such grievances will continue to exacerbate if they are not checked and ultimately will threaten the peace of society. Of course, I am not advocating that people with extremist views should be tolerated or free to pursue their beliefs. Wherever and whenever someone uses his religion to justify cruelty and injustice, or to usurp the rights of others, or to act against the state, or in a way that affects the security of the nation, it is certainly the responsibility of the government and authorities to firmly stop such evil practices. In such circumstances, it is entirely justified and proper for the government, parliamentarians and other relevant authorities to ensure that such people are rooted out and punished in accordance with the law of the land. Nonetheless, in my view what is wrong is for the state to needlessly interfere with peacefully held religious beliefs and practices. The Islam that we know and practice teaches that the love of your country is an essential part of your faith as a Muslim. According to Islam, a person s country is the one in which he lives and from which he derives benefit, and when such a teaching is ingrained in a Muslim s heart and mind, it is impossible for him to think ill or to desire any harm to his country. Furthermore, Islam teaches that not only should the law of the land punish anyone who acts against his country, but also that such people will surely enter the Court of God Almighty and be held accountable by Him for their misdeeds and disloyalty. Hence there is no need to fear a true Muslim and there is no need for the government to enact laws that infringe upon relatively small religious issues or practices, which neither cause harm or danger to the members of the public or to the state. To legislate on such matters can only be described as an unnecessary interference and an invasion of those freedoms that the West claims to champion that is the right of each person to live with liberty and personal autonomy. Undoubtedly, such unjust interventions cannot have any positive effect but can only lead to frustration, restlessness, and discord. It is the task of the government and parliamentarians, as guardians of their nations, to legislate in a way that gives rights to their citizens rather than takes their rights away. This should be done across the board, indiscriminately, so that the rights of all people, whether they be Muslims, Christians, Jews, Hindus, or the people of any other belief, including those who Climate change is one of the threats facing the world today, and not only from an environmental perspective. Attempts to reduce carbon emissions also hamstring developing economies thus providing another source of world friction and instability. Science Photo Library Shutterstock It is not wise for governments or parliaments to place restrictions on the basic religious practices or beliefs of people. For example, governments should not concern themselves with what type of clothing a woman chooses to wear. They should not issue decrees stating what a place of worship should look like. are not religious, are upheld and guaranteed at all times. As I have already said, it is a cause of deep sorrow that in both the Muslim world, and also amongst some developed non-muslim countries, certain 16 The Review of Religions december 2016 december 2016 The Review of Religions 17

10 human values the foundation for a peaceful world There are so many troubling issues that the world no longer knows which to prioritise. Should they focus first on global warming and climate change? Or should they address the financial crisis? Or should they prioritise the fight against terrorism, warfare and extremism? policies have been made that undermine these core freedoms, which have in turn caused grievances amongst segments of the public. Therefore, rather than seeking superficial plaudits, they should look at the bigger picture of how they can bring peace to their nations and ensure that their country and the wider world becomes united and increasingly prosperous. Yet unfortunately, instead of taking a long-term view, it seems that most leaders or governments have joined an unhealthy race for power and a battle to assert their dominance over others. Consequently, they are increasingly willing to interfere in the personal and religious matters of their citizens due to this thirst for supremacy and control. Such policies are unwise and an unnecessary means of further destabilising the world, especially given that we are already facing so many different problems and issues that threaten the peace of society. For example, it is said that climate change is a huge threat to our civilisation. Another burning issue is the economic uncertainty facing the world. Further, and more generally, there is the issue of an increasing lack of peace and security in much of the world. All of these issues are the result of unjust policies, inequality and a lack of balance. If we take the issue of climate change, we see that a major cause of global warming has been the industrial revolution in the West and the fact that forests and flora were excessively cut down. Only now that such countries have fully developed are they happy to call for a reduction in carbon emissions or other industrial restrictions. However, such regulation may slow down and curb the advancement and growth of emerging powers such as India and China. And so these rising nations may well view such restrictions as hypocritical, unfair and an attempt by the historically dominant powers to stop them from progressing and from challenging the global order. Thus, the issue of climate change is actually not only an environmental issue, but is also contributing to the world s lack of peace and increasing resentment between nations. Similarly, in terms of the global financial crisis, many experts admit that governments have long made unwise policies and that today s fiscal uncertainty has now reached a level where it threatens the peace of the world. There are also many other factors that are contributing to the world s lack of peace and regrettably many are linked to self-serving and unjust policies that have been implemented by certain countries. Anyway, the ultimate result of the various risks and global threats is that the world is rapidly moving towards an unthinkable catastrophe. Due to the current instability, both the world s governments and the members of the public are becoming increasingly anxious and concerned. There are so many troubling issues that the world no longer knows which to prioritise. Should they focus first on global warming and climate change? Or should they address the financial crisis? Or should they prioritise the fight against terrorism, warfare and extremism? Or should they focus on the latest developments in Syria, where Russia and the United States are openly opposing one another? Or should they give attention to, more recently, the direct conflict between the USA and Yemen? Personally, it is my view that the most critical and pressing issue facing us is the lack of peace in the world. And it is a cause of huge regret that the Muslim countries are the centre of such instability and disorder, even though their religion has given them unparalleled teachings of how to establish and maintain peace. For example, in chapter 23, verse 9, of the Holy Qur an it is stated that a true Muslim is a person who fulfils any covenants or promises with which they have been entrusted. To be handed the keys to government is a huge trust and so we often see heads of state pledge to serve their nations faithfully and with absolute justice. Sadly, in many cases such honourable pledges prove to be hollow words that are not acted upon, whereas if this Qur anic teaching was followed, we would never see division or conflict between the public and their governments. Furthermore, in chapter 5, verse 9, the Holy Qur an states that even if a person or nation has enmity with another, they should still treat them in an entirely 18 The Review of Religions december 2016 december 2016 The Review of Religions 19

11 human values the foundation for a peaceful world The vast and varied weaponry being used by ISIS is a textbook case of how reckless arms trading fuels atrocities on a massive scale. fair and just manner, no matter the circumstances, because that is what Allah the Almighty desires. Yet today, rather than justice, we witness injustice at every level of society, both between people and nations. Such inequality and disregard for fairness is directly contributing to the world s lack of security. In chapter 49, verse 9, of the Holy Qur an it states that if two parties or nations are in a state of conflict then their neighbours and allies should seek to bring about reconciliation. If peace cannot be established through dialogue, then the other nations should unite against whosoever is perpetrating injustice and use force to stop them. Once the aggressors adopt peace, they should not be humiliated and nor should unfair sanctions be levied upon them. Rather, in the interests of fairness and long-term peace, they should be permitted to move forward as a free society. If we assess the current conflicts in the Muslim world, it is clear that this principle of uniting against those who seek to undermine peace has not been observed. If the neighbour countries had sought to mediate impartially and put aside their own interests the situation could have been contained long ago. However, it is not only the fault of the Muslim nations, but other countries living in this global village of ours, have also contributed to the disorder. If the major powers had acted equitably and sincerely at all times we would not have seen such discord and we would not have seen the emergence of Daesh or extremist rebel groups in countries like Syria and Iraq. Regrettably, some major powers have not played their role in establishing peace, and have instead enacted unjust policies in order to serve their own interests. For example, certain Western countries have always had an interest in the oil reserves of the Arab world and this interest has motivated their policies over a long period of time. Further, they have sold huge stocks of weapons to Muslim countries without considering the potential consequences. What I am saying is nothing new or concealed, rather it is well documented. For example, a recent report by Amnesty International published in December 2015 states that, decades of reckless arms trading had contributed to the terrorism conducted by Daesh. It stated that the majority of weapons being used by Daesh were originally produced in the United States and Russia. Furthermore, Patrick Wilcken, a Researcher on Arms Control at Amnesty concluded the report by stating: The vast and varied weaponry being used by ISIS is a textbook case of how reckless arms trading fuels atrocities on a massive scale. Certainly, it is well known that Muslim countries do not have sophisticated arms factories that could produce the Organisations such as the United Nations have not been successful in keeping the peace and acting justly. Drop of Light Shutterstock If we assess the current conflicts in the Muslim world, it is clear that this principle of uniting against those who seek to undermine peace has not been observed. If the neighbour countries had sought to mediate impartially and put aside their own interests the situation could have been contained long ago. 20 The Review of Religions december 2016 december 2016 The Review of Religions 21

12 human values the foundation for a peaceful world The people of Yemen, whose lives and futures are being destroyed, will not only bear hatred and seek revenge from Saudi Arabia but will also bear hate towards Saudi s arms suppliers and the West in general. state-of-the-art weapons used in the Middle East, and so the vast majority of artillery being used in the Muslim world is being imported from abroad. If the major powers ceased to trade arms and ensured that the other supply lines of the warring governments, rebels and terrorists were cut, such conflicts could be brought to a swift conclusion. For example, it is well known that Saudi Arabia is using weapons purchased from the West in its war in Yemen, in which thousands of innocent civilians, including women and children, are being killed and so much destruction is being wrought. What will be the ultimate result of such arms trading? The people of Yemen, whose lives and futures are being destroyed, will not only bear hatred and seek revenge from Saudi Arabia but will also bear hate towards Saudi s arms suppliers and the West in general. With no hope or future prospects left, and having witnessed the most horrific brutality, members of their youth will be prone to radicalisation and in this way a new vicious cycle of terrorism and extremism will arise. Are such destructive and devastating consequences worth a few billion dollars? Thus, there is no longer only a risk to the Muslim countries who are at the epicentre of today s conflicts, rather the threat has spread much further afield, as we have already witnessed with the recent terrorist attacks in Paris, Brussels and the United States. There have also been lower-level terrorist incidents here in Canada over the past couple of years of which you will all be well aware. Furthermore, despite the fact that Canada lies thousands of miles away from the Arab world, still we find that Muslim youths have travelled from this country to join extremist groups in Syria and Iraq. Of great concern is the fact that, according to the Canadian government s own statistics, twenty percent of those who have gone to Syria or Iraq have been women and this means they will not only have been radicalised themselves but will also be indoctrinating and brainwashing their children. Regrettably, most radicalised Muslims who are living in the West have no knowledge or a basic understanding of Islam s teachings. Thus, their radicalisation is a result of their personal frustrations and not due to any ideological convictions or beliefs. In order to tackle radicalisation and extremism, we must also assess what are its causes and symptoms. Regrettably, most radicalised Muslims who are living The Hall of Honour in the Centre Block in the Canadian Parliament, where, in 2014, Michael Zehaf-Bibeau killed a soldier on guard duty and then forced himself inside, eventually being killed in an exchange of gunfire. This type of attack has become increasingly frequent in the last few years leading to instability in the West. User Zipampa Wikimedia Commons Release under CC BY-SA 3.0 in the West have no knowledge or a basic understanding of Islam s teachings. Thus, their radicalisation is a result of their personal frustrations and not due to any ideological convictions or beliefs. Apart from online radicalisation or hate preaching in mosques or the spread of extremist literature, I believe that a major cause of the radicalisation of Muslim youths living 22 The Review of Religions december 2016 december 2016 The Review of Religions 23

13 human values the foundation for a peaceful world Extremism in Muslim youth comes not from the teachings of Islam rather, it comes from the particular difficulties that young people are encountering in finding a place in society. Islam forbids extremism in all forms and only advocates peace and tolerance. Feng Yu Shutterstock In some countries, there are dictatorships or unjust governments, yet the major powers turn a blind eye to their cruelties, because those governments happen to support them and facilitate the procurement of their interests. Yet, in countries where the leaders or governments do not bend to the whim of the major powers, they are quite happy to support rebel elements or to demand regime change. in the West has been the economic crisis and many published reports corroborate this. There are many young Muslims who have gained qualifications, but in spite of their education, have not attained suitable employment and so have become marginalised and frustrated. Due to economic difficulties they are vulnerable and easy prey for extremist clerics and terrorist recruiters. Hence, if young people are given fair opportunities to better themselves and to enter the workforce it will be a means of keeping one s country safe and secure. At a global level, if only the major powers and the international institutions, such as the United Nations, had truly acted upon their founding principles, under all circumstances, then we would not have seen the toxic plague of terrorism infect so many parts of the world. We would not have seen the world s peace and security repeatedly undermined and destroyed. And we certainly would not have witnessed the huge refugee crisis, which now confounds and frightens the people of Europe and other developed countries. Hundreds of thousands of innocent people have fled to Europe, and thousands have also come here to Canada, in order to seek refuge from the terrorists who have poisoned their own nations. Though, most of the refugees will be genuine and decent people, just one or two negative incidents, as we have seen in the past year, are enough to cause panic, as we are starting to see in Europe and also to some extent here in North America as well. Hence, we are seeing with our own eyes, just how uncertain the world is becoming and how hatred and anxiety has consumed and engulfed much of the world. I repeat that the root cause remains injustice and inequality. Ultimately, a lack of fairness is also what precipitated the global financial crash and the growing disparity between the rich and the poor during the past few years. I say this, given that whilst developed and richer nations may have chosen to invest in poorer countries, they have prioritised their own vested interests above facilitating the development of those local countries. Rather than exploitation and greed, the developed nations ought to have championed the rights of the weaker nations and sought their advancement. They ought to have sincerely helped the people of those poor nations stand upon their own two feet with dignity and honour. Yet, most regrettably, this has simply not happened. In chapter 20, verse 132, of the Holy Qur an it instructs that no one should In In chapter 20, verse 132, of the Holy Qur an it instructs that no one should cast covetous eyes upon the wealth or resources of others. If the entire world acted upon this one principle, then the world s financial systems would be fair and just. cast covetous eyes upon the wealth or resources of others. If the entire world acted upon this one principle, then the world s financial systems would be fair and just. Capital would be distributed equitably and nations would reap the rewards of their God-given wealth. We would see that the world s trading would be underpinned by a desire to fulfil the human rights of others, rather than to greedily acquire power and wealth and to fulfil personal interests at all costs. Another example of the world s injustice is reflected in the world s politics. In some countries, there are dictatorships or unjust governments, yet the major 24 The Review of Religions december 2016 december 2016 The Review of Religions 25

14 His Holiness led prayers during his visit to Parliament. His Holiness warned that if the world s governments do not start acting justly, there will be catastrophe in the form of another and vastly more devastating world war. powers turn a blind eye to their cruelties, because those governments happen to support them and facilitate the procurement of their interests. Yet, in countries where the leaders or governments do not bend to the whim of the major powers, they are quite happy to support rebel elements or to demand regime change. In truth, there is no difference in the way the respective governments are treating their own people. The material difference is only that in some cases the governments The alternative does not bear thinking about, because if we continue as we are then the world is charging madly towards a huge catastrophe in the shape of another world war. cooperate with the major powers, whilst in others they do not. In terms of the latter category, Western military policies have been devised to remove those governments, as in Iraq and Libya, and similarly such attempts have been made in Syria over the past few years. Time has proved Canada s decision not to take part in the Iraq War as the right one and I also agree with your government s decision to halt its airstrikes in Syria until the circumstances of that particular conflict and the means to resolve it become much clearer. At a broader level, the United Nations must also play its role in establishing peace in the world, unencumbered by politics, injustice or favouritism. I hope and pray that Allah the Almighty enables the United Nations and the world s governments to act in this way so that true and long-lasting peace may be established. The alternative does not bear thinking about, because if we continue as we are then the world is charging madly towards a huge catastrophe in the shape of another world war. May Allah grant wisdom to the world s leaders and policy makers so that the world we leave behind for our children and future generations is a world of peace and prosperity and not with a crippled economy and malformed children Ameen. At the end I would like to once again thank you for inviting me here today. Thank you very much. 26 The Review of Religions december 2016 december 2016 The Review of Religions 27

15 Views from The Parliament Event Source: (Official Press Release) At the Parliament event, His Holiness, Hazrat Mirza Masroor Ahmad aba presented Hon. Louise Arbour, the former High Commissioner for Human Rights at the United Nations and a former Canadian Supreme Court Judge with the Sir Zafrullah Khan Award for Public Service. This award recognised her outstanding public service during her long and distinguished career. Upon receipt of the award, Hon. Louise Arbour said: I am deeply honoured to receive this very prestigious award that is named after a great jurist, lawyer, judge and a great diplomat. I am particularly honoured to be associated with Sir Zafrullah Khan, as he was a Chief Judge and President of the International Court of Justice I have also always been deeply impressed by the promotion of the culture of peace that the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community has stood for and continues to stand for. A number of guest speakers also took to the stage. Hon. Kirsty Duncan, Minister of Science and official representative of Prime Minister Justin Trudeau said: It is an honour and privilege to be here tonight to welcome His Holiness, Hazrat Mirza Masroor Ahmad, the Fifth Caliph and leader of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community to Parliament Hill. All of Parliament Hill has come together today to join His Holiness, to celebrate with the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community and to demonstrate our strong support The Ahmadiyya Muslim Community makes an enormous difference here in Canada and always demonstrates Love for All, Hatred for None. Dr. James J. Zogby, Vice-Chair of the United States Commission on International Religious Freedom said: Your Holiness, Hazrat Mirza Masroor Ahmad, on behalf of the US Commission on International Religious Freedom I am honoured to be with you tonight. What has always impressed us about the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community is how, despite being all too often victims of persecution, you remain champions for the rights of others who are being persecuted. In a world where intolerance seems to be increasing the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community remains a strong advocate of tolerance and goodwill. Earlier in the day, His Holiness held a range of meetings with Federal Ministers of Canada s Government, Senators and MPs. His Holiness also held a meeting with Prime Minister Rt. Hon. Justin Trudeau. The Head of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community was also officially recognised by the Speaker of Parliament during a session of Question Period, in which all present members of the House of Commons, including the Prime Minister, stood and gave His Holiness a standing ovation. Further, Hon. Judy Sgro MP, read out a Members Statement in the House of Commons that stated: 28 The Review of Religions december 2016 december 2016 The Review of Religions 29

16 Mr. Speaker, earlier today the global spiritual leader of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community arrived in Ottawa for a formal visit to Parliament Hill. During his time with us, he will meet with Cabinet Ministers, Senators, Members of Parliament, and the Prime Minister in an effort to further underscore his peaceful message of love for all and hatred for none. This work is part of an ongoing effort undertaken by His Holiness to showcase the peaceful nature and beauty of the faith (of Islam) and while calling on global powers to advance an agenda of peace, religious freedom, and the advancement of human rights in Canada and around the world. I applaud His Holiness and members His Holiness walks through the halls of Parliament accompanied by MP Judy Sgro and other guests. of the global Ahmadiyya faith for their work, and I extend a hand of friendship on behalf of my constituents and the people of Canada. The special reception concluded with a silent prayer led by Hazrat Mirza Masroor Ahmad. Following dinner Parliamentarians and guests were able to meet personally with His Holiness. Prime Minister of Canada receives Wordwide Head of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community His Holiness, Hazrat Mirza Masroor Ahmad aba was received by the Prime Minister of Canada, Rt. Hon, Justin Trudeau at the Prime Minister s Office in Ottawa. During the meeting, Prime Minister Trudeau expressed his pleasure at welcoming His Holiness to Canada and thanked His Holiness for his continued efforts to promote peace worldwide and stated that his Government greatly appreciated the efforts of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community in Canada and considered it to be an integral part of the nation. Hazrat Mirza Masroor Ahmad aba thanked the Prime Minister for his words and said that he wished to personally congratulate the Prime Minister on his election last year. His Holiness also said that he had listened to Question Period in the House of Commons earlier in the day and he had noted that a number of the burning issues of today had been discussed and debated. Later, Prime Minister Trudeau said: Your Holiness, your friendship and leadership is very important to Canada and we appreciate the way the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community condemns all forms of extremism. 30 The Review of Religions december 2016 december 2016 The Review of Religions 31

17 A Glimpse into the Life of the Holy Prophet Muhammad sa Justice in the State Besides uniting Makkan and Madinite Muslims in a brotherhood, the Holy Prophet sa instituted a covenant between all the inhabitants of Madinah. By this covenant, Arabs and Jews were united into a common citizenship with Muslims. The Prophet sa explained to both Arabs and Jews that before the Muslims emerged as a group in Madinah, there were only two groups in their town, but with Muslims now, there were three groups. It was but proper that they should enter into an agreement which should be binding upon them all, and which should assure to all of them a measure of peace. Eventually an agreement was arrived at. The agreement said: Between the Prophet sa of God and the Faithful on the one hand, and all those on the other, who voluntarily agree to enter. If any of the Makkan Muslims is killed, the Makkan Muslims will themselves be responsible. The responsibility for securing the release of their prisoners will also be theirs. The Muslim tribes of Madinah similarly will be responsible for their own lives and their prisoners. Whoever rebels or promotes enmity and disorder will be considered a common enemy. It will be the duty of all the others to fight against him, even though he happens to be a son or a close relation. If a disbeliever is killed in battle by a believer, his Muslim relations will seek no revenge. Nor will they assist disbelievers against believers. The Jews who join this covenant will be helped by Muslims. The Jews will not be put to any hardship. Their enemies will not be helped against them. No disbeliever will give quarter to anybody from Makkah. He will not act as a trustee for any Makkan property. In a war between Muslims and disbelievers he will take no part. If a believer is maltreated without cause, Muslims will have the right to fight against those who maltreat. If a common enemy attacks Madinah, the Jews will side with the Muslims and share the expenses of the battle. The Jewish tribes in covenant with the other tribes of Madinah will have rights similar to those of Muslims. The Jews will keep to their own faith, and Muslims to their own. The rights enjoyed by the Jews will also be enjoyed by their followers. The citizens of Madinah will not have the right to declare war without the sanction of the Prophet sa. But this will not prejudice the right of any individual to avenge an individual wrong. The Jews will bear the expenses of their own organisation, and Muslims their own. But in case of war, they will act with unity. The city of Madinah will be regarded as sacred and inviolate by those who sign the covenant. Strangers who come under the protection of its citizens will be treated as citizens. But the people of Madinah will not be allowed to admit a woman to its citizenship without the permission of her relations. All disputes will be referred for decision to God and the Prophet sa. Parties to this covenant will not have the right to enter into any agreement with the Makkans or their allies. This, because parties to this covenant agree in resisting their common enemies. The parties will remain united in peace as in war. No party will enter into a separate peace. But no party will be obliged to take part in war. A party, however, which commits any excess will be liable to a penalty. Certainly God is the protector of the righteous and the Faithful and Muhammad sa is His Prophet sa. (Hisham) This is the covenant in brief. It has been prepared from scraps to be found in historical records. It emphasizes beyond any doubt that in settling disputes and disagreements between the parties at Madinah, the guiding principles were to be honesty, truth and justice. Those committing excesses were to be held responsible for those excesses. The covenant makes it clear that the Prophet sa of Islam was determined to treat with civility and kindness the other citizens of Madinah, and to regard them and deal with them as brethren. If disputes and conflicts arose later, the responsibility rested with the Jews. 1 endnotes 1. Hazrat Mirza Bashir-ud-din Mahmood Ahmad ra, Life of Muhammad sa (Surrey: Islam International Publications, 1990), The Review of Religions december 2016 december 2016 The Review of Religions 33

18 Justice The Prerequisite to a Peaceful World Ke ynote Address by Worldwide Head of the Ahmadi y ya Muslim Communit y at the 1st National Peace Symposium Canada Held on 22nd October On 22nd October 2016, the Worldwide Head of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community, the Fifth Khalifah (Caliph), His Holiness, Hazrat Mirza Masroor Ahmad aba, delivered the keynote address at the 1st National Peace Symposium hosted by the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community Canada. The event was held at the Baitul Islam Mosque in Peace Village, Vaughan, with an audience of over 600 people, including government officials such as the Mayor of Vaughan, the Hon. Maurizio Bevilacqua; Member of Parliament, Deb Schulte; and City Councillor, Marilyn Iafrate. Hazrat Mirza Masroor Ahmad aba, Khalifatul Masih V, Worldwide Head of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community, said: Bismillahir Rahmanir Raheem in the Name of Allah, the Gracious, Ever-Merciful. All distinguished guests, Assalamo Alaikum Wa Rahmatullahe Wa Barakatohu - peace and blessings of Allah be upon you all. First of all, I would like to take this opportunity to thank all of you for kindly accepting our invitation. Within Islam, the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community is that sect which was established in accordance with the prophecy made by the Founder of Islam, the Holy Prophet Muhammad sa over 1400 years ago. In this respect, the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community is unique because, though the Holy Prophet sa prophesied that Muslims would split and divide, he did not mention any other sect directly. In his prophecy, the Holy Prophet sa foretold of a time when the majority of Muslims would have forgotten the true teachings of Islam and their acts would not be in accordance with their religion. Alongside this, the Holy Prophet sa also gave the glad tiding that, at a time of such spiritual decline, Allah the Almighty would send a person as the Promised Messiah and In this respect, the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community is unique because, though the Holy Prophet sa prophesied that Muslims would split and divide, he did not mention any other sect directly. Imam Mahdi (the Guided One). He who would enlighten the entire world with the true and peaceful teachings of Islam. And we, Ahmadi Muslims, believe the Founder of our Community to be the Promised Messiah and Mahdi who was 34 The Review of Religions december 2016 december 2016 The Review of Religions 35

19 justice the prerequisite to a peaceful world sent according to the prophecies of the Holy Prophet of Islam sa. During his life, the Promised Messiah as shined an eternal light upon Islam s true teachings and informed the world of what Islam truly represents. Hence, the first point I wish to make clear is that the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community should not be considered a liberal or reformist sect of Islam. revolve around fulfilling the rights of God Almighty and fulfilling the rights of His Creation, and so now I shall explain how the Holy Qur an has taught Muslims to fulfil these two fundamental objectives. The very first verse of the first chapter of the Holy Qur an states: In the Name of Allah, the Gracious, Ever Merciful. Rather, we are following the original teachings of Islam, as prescribed by the Holy Qur an and the Holy Prophet Muhammad sa. Those noble teachings can be summed up in just two lines - to love your Creator and fulfil His rights and to love His Creation and to fulfil their rights. Thus, Muslims are taught to show love, compassion and kindness to all of God s Creation, especially to humanity, which Allah has deemed as the best of Creation. It is absolutely true that we, Ahmadi Muslims, are peace-loving and seek to build bridges of love and hope between different religions and different communities. However, this is not because we have deviated from Islam or modernised it in any shape or form. Rather, it is because we follow Islam s authentic teachings. As I have just said, Islam s core teachings Thereafter, in the second verse, it says that Allah the Almighty is the: Lord of all the worlds. Then, in the third verse, it is again repeated that Allah is: The Gracious, Ever Merciful. Hence, the very first words and verses of the Qur an make it crystal clear that it is not only Muslims who benefit from Allah, Who is the Gracious and Merciful. As the Lord of all mankind, He is not only the Provider and Sustainer of Muslims, but also of Christians, Jews, Hindus, Sikhs and the people of all other faiths and beliefs. He is even the Sustainer of those who deny His existence. Therefore, according to the laws of nature, Allah the Almighty has provided the means and sustenance for the survival of all mankind. This is a general lesson for all Muslims that shows them that they cannot claim that God Almighty is only for them, but He is for all of humanity and indeed for all forms of Creation. Furthermore, in chapter 21, verse 108, of the Holy Qur an, Allah the Almighty has deemed the Founder of Islam, the Holy Prophet Muhammad sa to be a mercy for all mankind. He was sent to this world by God, not only as a source of love, compassion and sympathy for Muslims, but also for all people, of all faiths and beliefs. In summary, these introductory verses of the Qur an prove that no person and no nation can claim any form of monopoly During his life, the Promised Messiah as shined an eternal light upon Islam s true teachings and informed the world of what Islam truly represents. Hence, the first point I wish to make clear is that the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community should not be considered a liberal or reformist sect of Islam. 36 The Review of Religions december 2016 december 2016 The Review of Religions 37

20 At Canada s first Annual Peace Symposium hosted by the Ahmadiyya Musliim Community, His Holiness addressed over 600 guests on the importance of justice and its relationship to preserving peace. over God Almighty, because He is the Lord of all mankind. Furthermore, He is Gracious and Ever Merciful and He sent the Holy Prophet Muhammad sa as a fountain of peace, compassion and love for all people, no matter their caste, creed or colour. When these are the basic principles of Islam, how then could it be possible for true Muslims to engage in oppression, injustice or cruelty towards God s creation? Surely, it is inconceivable for a sincere Muslim to wish others harm or Furthermore, He is Gracious and Ever Merciful and He sent the Holy Prophet Muhammadsa as a fountain of peace, compassion and love for all people, no matter their caste, creed or colour. When these are the basic principles of Islam, how then could it be possible for true Muslims to engage in oppression, injustice or cruelty towards God s creation? to hold any form of ill-intent towards them. It is due to these pious teachings that the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community proclaims its message of love for all across the globe. It is because of these teachings that Ahmadi Muslims do not bear enmity or hatred towards anyone. Indeed, the Founder of Islam sa laid down the foundations for peace in just one sentence. His words were as magnificent as they were simple. He said that we should love for others what we love for ourselves. We should desire for others what we desire for ourselves. The question is, what do we want from our lives? Do we desire hardship and grief? Do we desire injustice? Do we want to be treated in a cruel and heartless fashion? Do we have ambitions to be mired in poverty and to go to bed hungry every night? Do we want our children to be plagued by illhealth, to be uneducated and to be placed in danger? Of course, no normal person would ever hope for any of these things. Therefore, as Muslims, we must seek prosperity not only for ourselves but also for others. We must open our hearts to humanity. We should consider the pain of others as though it is our own pain and grief. It is the duty of a Muslim to fulfil the rights of other people, irrespective of their beliefs or background, and to wish them well, to care for them and to help them in their times of need. Of course, sometimes circumstances arise which cause people to argue or quarrel. 38 The Review of Religions december 2016 december 2016 The Review of Religions 39

21 justice the prerequisite to a peaceful world *The photos used in this article were not used in the original publication, but have been added to our serialisation by The Review of Religions to help illustrate the subject matter. The Review of Religions takes full responsibility for any errors in depiction.* In this verse, the Qur an states that following a war or conflict, if your opponent seeks reconcilement, then you must grasp that opportunity with both hands. In the very next verse, the Qur an states that even if you have suspicions that your adversary is not genuine and that he may be trying to deceive you, still you should pursue that opportunity for peace and put your trust in Allah. Human nature is such that it is impossible for people to agree on everything and so disagreements will occur from time to time, but the key is to solve those disputes with justice and fairness, rather than to prioritise one s own interests above others. To bring any conflict to an end, justice is a pre-requisite. If a person is not fair and ethical then whatever grievance or problem exists will only escalate. Rather than peace, all that will be achieved will be increasing hatred and contempt. Thus, at many places in the Holy Qur an, Allah the Almighty has commanded Muslims about being just and treating others in the best way. In chapter 4, verse 136 the Holy Qur an demands the very highest possible standards of justice. It requires that a Muslim should be willing to forgo all of their personal interests for the sake of the truth. Muslims are commanded to put aside their own desires or personal relationships and to be witnesses for the sake of Allah the Almighty. This verse instructs that a person must even be willing to testify against himself, his parents and his loved ones in order to establish justice. Islam teaches that a Muslim s first loyalty must always be to the truth and so a person must never hide the facts or give false testimony. A person should not be governed by his own personal desires, as this leads to bias and prejudice and takes a person away from what is fair and what is right. This enlightened principle is the means to solve the problems of the world and to transform all forms of hatred into peace, tolerance and mutual respect. Furthermore, in chapter 16, verse 91 of the Holy Qur an, Allah directs Muslims to not only speak the truth and to be just, but also to favour others. Yet even this is not the limit of the Qur an s teachings because when a person bestows a favour on others, there remains the possibility that he will seek something in return, or will remind the person of the benefit he has conferred upon them. Therefore, the Qur an says that a person should give like kindred. This means that a Muslim should treat others as though he would treat his close family members and loved ones. It means that a person should offer sympathy and compassion and be willing to serve others without any expectation, just as a mother serves and selflessly nourishes her child without any desire for reward or recompense. This is the altruistic and benevolent spirit that Islam advocates and teaches, wherein it calls on Muslims to open their hearts for the good of mankind. If acted upon, this golden principle will knock down the walls of hatred that have been erected all around us. It will shatter the barriers that divide mankind. It is the key to peace at a personal level, within the wider society and at an international level. Regrettably, throughout history conflicts have arisen between nations and this sorrowful trend continues today. In terms of dealing with such issues, in chapter 5, verse 9, the Holy Qur an has laid down an everlasting principle of nobility and tolerance. It says that even where enmity or hatred exists, it must never lead to injustice or a desire for revenge. Rather, it states that justice is the blessed path that leads to righteousness and to the nearness of Allah the Almighty. In chapter 8, verse 62, the Holy Qur an states that it is the duty of a Muslim to forever endeavour for peace and to never forsake any opportunity in this cause. In this verse, the Qur an states that following a war or conflict, if your opponent seeks reconcilement, then you must grasp that opportunity with both hands. In the very next verse, the Qur an states that even if you have suspicions that your adversary is not genuine and that he may be trying to deceive you, still you should pursue that opportunity for peace and put your trust in Allah. Hence, wherever and whenever, there is even a glimmer of hope and even the tiniest possibility of peace, Muslims are told to pursue that chance with complete determination and without fear. They must never seek excuses or reasons to stray from the pathway to peace. These are the teachings of Islam and this was the blessed practice of the Holy Prophet Muhammad sa. History bears witness to 40 The Review of Religions december 2016 december 2016 The Review of Religions 41

22 justice the prerequisite to a peaceful world The Holy Book of Muslims clearly states that God has provided for all people and not just for those who follow Islam. That is why it is imperative that Muslims secure the rights of all not just those of their fellow Muslim. Farhan Amoor Freeimages.com Rather than torturing or enslaving the prisoners of war, the Holy Prophet sa instructed those prisoners who could read and write to educate the Muslims who were illiterate. Thus, education was literally their means to freedom. It was an incomparable example of how, even from amongst a state of bitter war and conflict, some good could ultimately be retrieved. the fact that he stands alone as the unrivalled standard-bearer for peace in the world. If any person looks at the period of early Islam through a lens of justice and with objectivity they will see for themselves that the wars fought in the life of the Holy Prophet sa and his four Rightly Guided Successors were defensive in nature and were never initiated by the Muslims. Despite the horrific cruelties and merciless persecution inflicted by the opponents of Islam, the Holy Prophet sa was ever ready to accept the hand of peace and to seek reconciliation. In chapter 47, verse 5, the Qur an has established another important principle for conflict resolution. It states that following the successful conclusion of a war, the victor must manifest grace and it is better to free prisoners of war. Such prisoners should be released either as a favour or in return for a modest sum. Yet in today s world, we see how prisoners of war are kept in the most inhumane conditions for years on end, with little or no recourse to justice or freedom. In complete contrast, after the Battle of Badr, which was a very significant war in which the non-muslims of Makkah had sought to end Islam once and for all, the Holy Prophet of Islam sa showed absolute benevolence and mercy. Instead of seeking revenge, the punishment he carried out was itself an outstanding example of building bridges between opposing parties and set an inspirational precedent for times to come. Rather than torturing or enslaving the prisoners of war, the Holy Prophet sa instructed those prisoners who could read and write to educate the Muslims who were illiterate. Thus, education was literally their means to freedom. It was an incomparable example of how, even from amongst a state of bitter war and conflict, some good could ultimately be retrieved. Those who had themselves shown no mercy towards the Muslims, were treated with compassion and consideration and utilised as teachers. This example exhibited two beautiful aspects to the character of the Holy Prophet Muhammad sa. On the one hand, he was neither vengeful nor bitter towards those who had persecuted him and his followers. Secondly, it proved how highly he valued education and learning. He desired for people to better themselves and to progress in all spheres of their lives and education was the key to this. No worldly person would think in this way and most certainly the Holy Prophet sa stands alone in his wisdom and grace. Today, due to the hateful acts of certain Muslims, Islam is widely considered to be an intolerant and extremist religion. However, nothing could be further from the truth. Islam is that religion which has enshrined within its teachings the principles of freedom of belief and freedom of conscience. Islam categorically states that there is no compulsion in religion and that belief is a matter of one s own heart and mind. It is true that the early Muslims did engage in some wars, but they were never fought with the intention of conquering land or territory. Nor were they fought so that non-muslims could be forced into accepting Islam. Rather, they were conducted as a means of establishing freedom of faith as an everlasting and universal principle. The Qur an is very clear about this. The first time the Muslims were granted permission to engage in such a defensive war was given in chapter 22, verses 40 to 41 of the Holy Qur an. In these verses, Allah the Almighty stated that permission to fight was granted because the Muslims were being attacked by people who sought not only the destruction of Islam, but who 42 The Review of Religions december 2016 december 2016 The Review of Religions 43

23 justice the prerequisite to a peaceful world Islam teaches its followers to protect all places of worship not just mosques. Elena Dijour Shutterstock The Qur an says that if the Muslims were not permitted to fight back then no church, synagogue, temple, mosque or the place of worship of any religion would remain safe. Hence, when the Holy Prophet of Islam sa and his followers took part in wars and battles it was for the sake of defending the right of all people to worship as they pleased. sought to finish and eliminate the institution of religion itself. The Qur an says that if the Muslims were not permitted to fight back then no church, synagogue, temple, mosque or the place of worship of any religion would remain safe. Hence, when the Holy Prophet of Islam sa and his followers took part in wars and battles it was for the sake of defending the right of all people to worship as they pleased. We live in a time when it is often alleged that Islam seeks to deny others their rights, but the complete opposite is true. Islam is that religion, and that teaching, which has taken up that mantle of defending and protecting every religion and all people. Islam is the defender of Christians and Jews. It is the defender of Hindus and Sikhs and it is the defender of the people of all other faiths and beliefs. These are the unique and unparalleled standards of Islam, wherein the early Muslims gave their lives in order to protect the institution of religion and to guarantee the principle of freedom of belief. Another injunction of Islam is given in chapter 20, verse 132, where it states that no person or nation should cast envious looks at the wealth or resources of others. No one should covet what is not rightfully theirs. Yet, in today s world it is jealousy, a desire to dominate others and to unjustly benefit from their wealth that underpins the wars and conflicts that are taking place. Indisputably, such selfinterest and greed has been the downfall of mankind and has led to world s peace being undermined time and time again. For example, some governments completely ignore the human rights abuses taking place in countries, because they wish to have access to the oil or natural resources of those nations. However, members of the public are not blind, deaf or dumb. They can see that such policies are not based on justice and naturally this leads to frustration and anger. Their hatred is not limited to their own leaders, but also extends to those foreign powers who are motivated only by their greed and not by any concern for the well-being of others. Hence, nations must be fair in their dealings and should not be governed by narrow self-interest, but rather by what is right, what is just and what is in the interest of the world at large. If Islam s true teachings are sincerely followed, they will prevent grievances or disputes from ever developing. However, the majority of Muslims today are not following the noble teachings of their religion and that is why their countries are spiralling out of all control. It is a cause of deep regret, that despite the fact that Muslims have been directly bestowed with teachings that are the guarantors of peace between people and between nations, it is Muslims themselves who are betraying their own values more than all others. Where Islam teaches justice, kindness, and generosity, all we see in the Muslim world is injustice, hatred and greed. However, it cannot be said that only the Muslims are to blame for the uncertainty and disorder that we see in the world. In fact, the world s major powers have also been guilty of adopting unjust policies that have added fuel to the fire and increased instability. Rather than working for peace, the major powers are prioritising their own self-interests and even profiting from these conflicts. For example, some of the major powers are selling weapons to Muslim governments, whilst others are providing weapons to rebel forces. Furthermore, weapons produced in the West have ended up in the hands of terrorist groups. Thus, these conflicts are being fuelled from the outside. What I have said is nothing new but has long been in the public domain. 44 The Review of Religions december 2016 december 2016 The Review of Religions 45

24 I pray that all people come to recognise their Creator and the fact that God Almighty is the Sustainer and Provider for all of mankind and that He is the Gracious, the Merciful and that He desires for the people of all races and beliefs to live in this world as one, and for mankind to be united in peace and harmony. Also of the deepest concern is the fact that opposing blocs and alliances are rapidly forming amongst the major powers. The influence of such countries is far greater than less developed nations and so the formation of rival blocs amongst the major powers is extremely dangerous for the future of the world. We must urgently address such issues, because otherwise we are charging madly towards a catastrophic and devastating world war. The consequences of such a war do not bear thinking about. The misery, horror and destruction could last for generations to come. Therefore, we can only hope and pray that Allah the Almighty grants wisdom and sense to humanity. May every nation, and every person, come to fulfil the rights of others and may justice prevail over all forms of injustice. I pray that all people come to recognise their Creator and the fact that God Almighty is the Sustainer and Provider for all of mankind and that He is the Gracious, the Merciful and that He desires for the people of all races and beliefs to live in this world as one, and for mankind to be united in peace and harmony. Through His Grace, Mercy and Compassion, may Allah enable such a spirit to develop in the world. May we all come to see true peace in our lives. With these words, I would like to once again thank you for joining us today. Thank you very much. The English Rendering of the 5 Volume Commentary of the Holy Qur an One of the most comprehensive commentaries of the Holy Qur an ever written. Commentary by Hadhrat Mirza Bashir-Ud-Din Mahmud Ahmad (ra) Read it online at: Or Purchase the print version at: AMA GALLERY UK 46 The Review of Religions december 2016

25 Views from The National Peace Symposium 2016 in Toronto, Canada by Leaders of the Community Hon. Maurizio Bevilacqua, the Mayor of Vaughan His Holiness brought a message of hope and of mutual understanding as it relates to all other faiths gathering together to promote the notion of Love for All, Hatred for None. In a world that is often in turmoil because of misunderstandings and lack of communication, we need to establish a common language and ground before we can break new ground. I thought that his message was a very hopeful one. It was a message that also spoke to the higher frequencies and what I mean by that is being compassionate, caring, understanding and being the best human beings we possibly can. Whether you are talking about Humanity First, whether you are talking about programmes, not just here locally but also nationally, the Ahmadiyya Community is an example for many other organsiations to emulate, because they speak to those values that raise the bar. It s great that such a leader would find time to spend six weeks in Canada. His message resonated with us, and I m sure will resonate with many other people. City Councillor, Marilyn Lafrate It has been another amazing evening. The message today was very clear about Islam and peace. There is no excuse for what is going on out there in the world today. And it was very moving I don t even know what to say. I m just so happy to hear such positivity coming from the Ahmadiyya Community. I m so glad I m here to witness this and feel the blessings that I received today. I m probably the biggest champion of this Community because I know how wonderful the people are, how It has been another amazing evening. The message today was very clear about Islam and peace. There is no excuse for what is going on out there in the world today. loving they are and how giving they are back to the community. Deb Schulte, MP said: I want to thank His Holiness very much for taking the time to come to Parliament Hill (on 17 October). He gave a wonderful speech with a message of love for all and hatred for none, focusing on religious tolerance around the world. He also included several suggestions on policy direction that we might want to take and we very much appreciate the time that he took to share his wisdom with us. Your feedback is important to us Write to us with comments, feedback and suggestions at info@reviewof Religions.org 48 The Review of Religions december 2016 december 2016 The Review of Religions 49

26 The Promised Messiah as & imam mahdi (guided one) founder of the review of religions Hazrat Mirza Ghulam Ahmad as God Has No Partner The Holy Qur an teaches us that, by virtue of all His excellences, God is One and has no partner. He suffers from no shortcoming. He comprehends all perfect attributes and manifests all holy powers. He is the Originator of all creation and Source of all grace. He is the Lord of reward and punishment, and everything returns to Him. He is near despite being far, and is distant despite His proximity. He is above everything, but we cannot say that there is anyone below Him. He is the most Hidden, but it cannot be said that anything is more manifest than He is. He is Self-Existent and everything subsists because of Him. He sustains everything but nothing sustains Him. Nothing has come into being or sustains itself without Him. He encompasses everything, but we do not know in what way. He is the Light of everything in heaven and earth. Every light shines through Him and every light is a reflection of His Being. He is the Lord of the universe, there is not a soul that is not sustained by Him, and not a soul that exists by itself. No soul possesses any power that has not been granted by Him. 1 endnotes 1. Hazrat Mirza Ghulam Ahmad as, Lecture Lahore (Tilford, Surrey: Islam International Publications Ltd., 2008), 8-9.

27 Mary: A Personal Reflection By Ibrahim Noonan, Galway, Ireland Mary ra is held in very high regard in Christianity and the Islamic faith, not only for her role as the mother of Jesus as but also for her devotion to God, virtuous actions and pure nature. She is a rolemodel for millions of women and a central figure for religious devotees. Maryra, also known as Hazrat Mariam by Muslims, is one of the most popular names given to Christian girls living in Western Europe. If you are firmly established in your Christian faith, then as a girl you would know that you had been named after the Virgin Mary ra, or maybe a parent or a grandmother but in most cases it would most likely be associated with your faith background. The Virgin Mary ra is greatly revered by Roman Catholics, so in Catholic families you would see that there would normally be a Mary in a Catholic family, either your mother or your grandmother or an aunt. As a former Roman Catholic brought up in the strong tradition of Catholicism, I was fully aware from a very young age of the presence and influence of the position and reverence given to Mary in my home and my grandparents home and indeed, my great-grandparents home, all being influenced by Blessed Virgin Mary the title she is known as. In my family, there were many people named Mary. The most influential was my most beloved grandmother from my mother s side, and who was actually my spiritual mentor from a very young age. But aside from her, the other person who was named Mary in my family was my father. This was a common practice many years ago: those boys born on the day of the Assumption of Mary a celebration and remembrance of Mary ascending into heaven with her physical body on the 15 th of August were named Mary, usually as their middle name. Another sign of the influence of Mary in the lives of Catholics: you will find in most Catholic (and Irish) homes, with In my home, we had both, as my Mother was influenced by Sacred Heart ( Jesus) and my father, the Virgin Mary. And I too, as I grew up, was very much attached to Mary ra, which increased as the years went by, as she was always seen as a role model of a good mother. no exception, portraits of either Mary ra or the Sacred Heart ( Jesus ra ). Also, you might find some other saints or all of them. If not portraits, you will find statues of Mary and of the Sacred Heart in most, if not all, Irish homes, schools User efesenko shutterstock and hospitals, along with the hundreds upon hundreds of grottos of Mary ra in every town, village, and city in Catholic countries. In my home, we had both, as my Mother was influenced by Sacred Heart ( Jesus) and my father, the Virgin Mary. And I too, as I grew up, was very much attached to Mary ra, which increased as the years went by, as she was always seen as a role model of a good mother. Like many others, I would pray daily for her and visited the cathedral and spent time praying to the Novena of the Immaculate 52 The Review of Religions december 2016 december 2016 The Review of Religions 53

28 mary: a personal reflection Stain glass windows of a Church in Ireland which portrays the story of Jesus as. M.V. Photography Shutterstock.com Conception, who was seen as a role model and incomparable to all others. 1 And the fact was that she was also seen as a means to gain redemption; a theology on Mary ra developed over time. Alongside the many other titles and attributes, which slowly over time was attached to her, the evolution of Marian theology grew to her being titled Theotokos, or considered a co-redemptrix. 2 Everything that I have discussed so far is from my experience as being raised as a Catholic Christian, and much of what I said is only a glimpse of how she was seen and understood. The theological view is far more complex, and cannot be discussed in this article. What I have mentioned above has come from how Catholics viewed and indeed, still view Mary ra. As my journey of exploring more of my faith continued, I found the image and understanding of the Mary ra of my faith was not of the Mary ra that was found in scripture. Mary According to the Gospels When one looks at Mary ra, based purely on what the New Testament presents, we see a simple and dignified human picture of Mary ra, and more of women placed at a particular time, which was first century Palestine. This is quite far removed from the images, ideas and concepts that developed about Mary ra over many, many decades. As a Catholic I was of course, brought up to believe in these ideas and concepts; those brought up in Catholic countries like Ireland would certainly know what I am talking about. There will be, perhaps many today, who would not know any better and certainly just accept that what is being taught is correct, just as I did before embracing Islam. The sad part, I suppose, is when somebody studies Christian theology, or more appropriately Catholic theology, which is in its own right Christian theology, but with slight theological differences to Protestant theology, with regards to the position of Mary ra in the Church. Of course, we have the vast theological gap with evangelist theology with regards to Mary ra, in respect to how they see Mary ra from the Biblical accounts. One such well-known evangelist Biblical scholar and Christian apologist, Dr. James White, gives us a taste of how Protestants view Mary ra. He says: Marian devotion and teaching is so far removed from most Protestants that they observe the entire issue a mere Roman Catholic superstition, one of the clearest indications of how the Catholics believe all sorts of things not found in the Bible. 3 Marian devotion and teaching is so far removed from most Protestants that they observe the entire issue a mere Roman Catholic superstition, one of the clearest indications of how the Catholics believe all sorts of things not found in the Bible. With regards to what the Bible teaches us, I find myself in agreement with James White on this point, but we must also be fair to the Roman Catholic understanding about how they view Mary ra. Roman Catholic scholars can point to what they see as something that can be inferred from scripture, and from other traditional texts, written by early Church fathers, who they believe to be viable sources of historical information with regards to Mary ra. We must also appreciate that this is an area of huge theological debate. What is very interesting is that many scholars would admit that the authors of Matthew, Mark, Luke and John edited the accounts of Mary ra according to their own aspirations. 4 They only mentioned what they wanted their readers to know, which of course, allowed the door of curiosity to be opened and many questions to be asked: namely, why was so much edited about Mary ra? 54 The Review of Religions december 2016 december 2016 The Review of Religions 55

29 mary: a personal reflection When one looks at Mary ra from the angle purely based upon what the New Testament presents we see a more simple and dignified human picture of Mary ra. Janece Flippo Shutterstock.com Also, we must keep in mind the amount of material which has been written about her, which has become the cause of so much love and respect towards her, by all nations of the world; and the respect given to her by all faiths, in particular Islam. In light of such academic manifestations, it is perhaps fair to say, we will not ever really know the complete, accurate historical picture of Mary ra. Therefore, we are simply left with fragments of information which need to be put together like a jigsaw, and we can only hope to be able to gain a true reflection of Mary ra, of whom very little is mentioned in the New Testament. And yet over the span of over two thousand years, a huge amount of theological concepts, literature, prayers, reflection and icons with their many symbols of expressions and meditation refer to Mary ra. Also, we must keep in mind the amount of material which has been written about her, which has become the cause of so much love and respect towards her, by all nations of the world; and the respect given to her by all faiths, in particular Islam. The Gospel Accounts When we look at what is presented by the New Testament, we begin to see an image emerging of who Mary ra might have been, and how she was a woman belonging to a specific time in history and very much belonging to a specific religious community. She was very much part of a social society, and also belonged to a particular cultural background, namely, Jewish: and this image is far from the Mary ra that is presented today within Christendom. So who was Mary ra? What does the New Testament tell us about Mary ra? One of the first things we learn about Mary ra is that she was a young Jewish girl, around the age of 12 to 13 years of age. This is derived from the very word handmaiden, since Jewish girls were not allowed to remain in temple service after puberty. The reason for this is that they would have had to be married by the time of their menstruation, and this would have applied to Mary ra as well. What we find is that Mary ra was dedicated to serving God in the temple, which was common practice in those days. In Luke 1:36-38, it clearly mentions that she was the handmaiden of God and that she was a very pious young girl. 5 So the first thing we learn about Mary ra is that she was devoted to God Almighty: her life was simply for the sake of worshipping and serving God. When we read Luke, we find her extremely pious and concerned about her chastity, such as when she clearly responded to the angel who brings her glad tidings, How shall this be, since I have no husband? These words of Mary ra speak volumes of the purity of Mary ra, and indeed show the atmosphere and religious traditions she would have been brought up with in Palestine during the first century CE. She was a young girl conscious of her religious obligations. Another remarkable thing about Mary ra was her obedience to the command of Almighty God, and putting her full trust in Him. Again this can be observed in Luke where she said: Behold I am the handmaiden of the Lord, let it be to me according to your word. I say remarkable, because here is a young Jewish girl, who was very conscious of her morals and ethical behaviour. Plus, she was very lucid when faced with a divine being such as an angel with regards to her moral position. And yet, as soon as she became fully aware and mindful of the spiritual experience she was having, she put her trust in Almighty God fully and submitted to His Will. This is one of the first pious incidents that we learn about the young girl Mary ra from the New Testament. The next thing we learn from the New Testament is how Mary ra became a very young mother. This is an area of perhaps much debate, with regards to her age; as highlighted earlier, she was around the age of 12 to 13 when she reached puberty; therefore, it would seem, that she was around 13 or 14 years old when she gave birth to Jesus as, in what seems to be 56 The Review of Religions december 2016 december 2016 The Review of Religions 57

30 mary: a personal reflection very humble and simple circumstances. 6 Also mentioned in the New Testament, we find some very spiritual events which took place as signs of the birth and truth of the advent of the much awaited Messiah Jesus as. We also find Mary ra displaying the normal characteristics of a Jewish mother: obeying and implementing Jewish purification ritual laws with regards to the circumcision of her first born son Jesus as, all being done according to laws of Moses as, where every first-born male must be consecrated to the Lord 7 as well as offer a sacrifice of a pair of doves, or two young pigeons. What we learn from this is Mary ra was like all other Jewish women and mothers acting upon their religious beliefs, and followed the laws of Almighty God which were given to Moses as. In another incident, we find that like all mothers, Mary ra was no different, when it came to being worried about her offspring when unexpectedly they go missing, as was the case when Jesus as went missing for over three days. Three days is indeed quite a long time for any child to go missing. But the narration in the New Testament informs us that Mary ra and Joseph finally found Jesus as in a synagogue, listening to a Rabbi s teaching from the Torah, and that Jesus as was asking many questions, apparently instructing them in some thought-provoking theological conversation. The image that we get from the New Testament was of a Jewish mother who was restless, fearful and frightened and her clearly rebuking tone in the New Testament is something which one would expect from any apprehensive and concerned mother. 8 Mary s ra words which were in the passage of Luke, show us the natural temperament of both Mary ra and Joseph: and when they saw him they were astonished; and his mother said to him, Son, why have you treated us so? Behold your father and I have been looking for you anxiously. 9 Again we see a normal Jewish family expressing all the natural feelings of parenthood. In the same passages further on, we are informed by the New Testament that after that incident, Jesus as remained obedient to his parents from then onwards. 10 In the New Testament, the next chapter in the life of Mary ra is at the wedding in Cana. This wedding shows us again the natural role of a Jewish mother towards her son, and also the relationship between both the mother and son. There have been some incidents between Mary ra and Jesus as, where Jesus as responses to her have been questioned and even criticized; many have also endeavoured to explain the seemingly harsh responses by Jesus as to his mother on certain occasions. Of course, while I have my position on this issue, this is not the place or the article to indulge in them. Perhaps in a future article I will expand on it, but from what we observe, from the narration of the wedding feast in the Gospel of John, it is the natural relationship of a Jewish mother and her eldest son. During the wedding, the wine ran out. Mary ra mentioned this to Jesus as, and Jesus as response was quite harsh, but it is these words that show us the role of Mary ra as a mother, who knew her son s personality quite well: His mother told the servants Do whatever he tells you and, of course, the water turned into wine. 11 This is a classic example In the Gospels Nazareth is described as the home of Mary ra and the birthplace of Jesus as. Marzolino Shutterstock.com Three days is indeed quite a long time for any child to go missing. But the narration in the New Testament informs us that Mary ra and Joseph finally found Jesus as in a synagogue, listening to a Rabbi s teaching from the Torah, and that Jesus as was asking many questions, apparently instructing them in some thought-provoking theological conversation. 58 The Review of Religions december 2016 december 2016 The Review of Religions 59

31 mary: a personal reflection The last point I would like to speak of is how Mary ra as a mother had to endure witnessing her son being arrested and mishandled and ultimately crucified, and dying on the cross, as understood by Christians. of an early Jewish family s relationship. Even though Jesus as seemingly rebukes his mother or is upset with his mother for asking him do something which he felt was not the appropriate time for him to do whatever she expected of him. And that is, of course, an open and complex discussion. Was she expecting her son to show some signs, to hint that he was the Messiah? But what we should observe is a bond between a mother and son and their normal and natural relationship. The last point I would like to speak of is how Mary ra as a mother had to endure witnessing her son being arrested and mishandled and ultimately crucified, and dying on the cross, as understood by Christians. We can try to imagine, for the moment of the celebration of the Passover meal, leading to Jesus as arrest in the Garden of Gethsemane, from being brought before Caiaphas, the high priest in the Sanhedrin, to being accused of committing blasphemy. And also the demands from the scribes, and elders for the death penalty for Jesus as shouting let him be crucified. 12 One can only imagine the pain and heartbreak of his beloved mother, who had to suffer and observe all of this unfolding in front of her very own eyes; yet this is something many mothers have had to suffer through the history of religion. 13 But indeed, how much she must have suffered, with every footstep she took, seeing her son walking through the streets of Jerusalem, carrying a huge and heavy piece of wood on his back making his way to being crucified at Golgotha. We find it mentioned in Matthew that many women watched from afar Jesus as being crucified. Of all those who followed Jesus as, it mentions two women named Mary were present; one being Mary Magdalene and the other being Mary ra, the mother of James and Joseph. 14 Strangely, there has been much debate about who was the Mary being mentioned here; was it the mother of James and Joseph, was she also Mary ra, the mother of Jesus? The real question is why not mention Mary ra, the mother of Jesus as? Which has been questioned by scholars and continues to be questioned today, due to the surprising fact that the Gospel account does not mention Mary ra, the mother of Jesus as ; it only informs us of a Mary who is the mother of James and Joseph. Why say, Mary, the mother of James and Joseph? Why is the Gospel account silent about it and why is she not mentioned? One would have imagined she must have been there; why is she not mentioned in the accounts of the cross? It would seem to be an area that has a tendency to be debated by many scholars, however a small minority holds the view that the Mary mentioned here was indeed Mary ra the mother of Jesus as. 15 This, of course, is another area of much-needed exploration, and perhaps an explanation in future articles on Mary ra. But what is significant is that we are given a description of a scene of Jewish ladies; ladies who would seem to be followers of Jesus as and most likely, one of them was Mary ra, the mother of Jesus as. Also, she had to endure watching her son suffer as nails were driven into his wrists and feet. Just like many mothers who would have had to endure witnessing their sons suffer for their religious beliefs and claims, who would ultimately face persecution at the hands of mobs, just like the noble Prophet and Messiah Jesus as did and sadly Mary ra was helpless. All she could do was watch the events of the crucifixion unfold and pray for her son. One of the last things we learn about Mary ra was that Jesus as instructed one disciple to take Mary as as his mother, a noble deed, to ensure that she would be looked after. It is truly a moving incident, if one takes the time to ponder over the unfolding last moments of Jesus as life, in the Gospel of Luke, as understood by most Christians. There is an intense description of women wailing and mourning, all watching from a distance. In John it is narrated that as Jesus as saw his mother, he said to a disciple whom he loved, Here is your mother, and he said to his mother, Dear woman, here is your son. It mentions that, from that moment on, her home was with that beloved disciple. Although it is an area of scholarly dispute, many believe that disciple to be John. These are the last fragments and narrations from the Gospels regarding Mary ra. The remaining narrations are in Acts 60 The Review of Religions december 2016 december 2016 The Review of Religions 61

32 mary: a personal reflection Without a doubt, Mary ra was an extraordinary lady in every respect, being chosen by Almighty God to become the mother of a prophet and Messiah. She even reached the highest levels of righteousness and closeness to Almighty God, being declared as the best example for all humanity to follow. 1:14, which describes all the apostles meeting in a house, Mary ra was amongst them, demonstrating that after the ascension of Jesus as to heaven, as understood by most Christians, that there was unity amongst this newly formed sect of Jews who had accepted the Messiah. Mary ra is only mentioned again in Galatians 4:4, by Paul, who mentions that Jesus as was born of women. There is a huge amount of dispute about the narrations mentioned in the Book of Revelation 12:1-6, which describes a seemingly fantastic, celestial being, in the form of woman, who seems to have divine power and authority, which Mariologists suggest is about Mary ra. Again, this needs careful study and discussion. As mentioned from the beginning of this simple commentary on Mary ra, my sheer aim was to highlight the absolute humanness of Mary ra, through the fragments of information we have about her from readings of the Gospels. But with careful examination it is not difficult to see that the writers of the Gospels chose how much they wanted to reveal about Mary ra, some being positive aspects and some negative. 16 Therefore, what we learn from the Gospels is that there is nothing in the Gospels to suggest anything else with regards to her disposition other than she was a normal human being living a normal life as a Jewish woman of her time. What the Gospels did manage to demonstrate was her simplicity, her moral character, her love for Almighty God and her complete obedience to the Will of Almighty God. The Gospels accounts showed a young girl who became a young mother to an extraordinary child who became a prophet and Messiah; but also a caring and loving and an understanding mother who at times endured difficulties with raising a blessed child who was to become the awaited Messiah. She had a lot to bear like most mothers, but she had a child who was to become a prophet, so she had to bear the jibes, the laughing, the insults and the sarcastic remarks. And even at times the threats to the very life of her beloved son something that happens from time to time when a prophet of God alludes to or declares that he is a prophet or Messiah, (or both as was the case with her son Jesus as ). This reminds me of an incident mentioned in the New Testament, which remains highly problematic for Christians today, where the family of Jesus as is mentioned as being involved in an incident involving Jesus as. One would assume family would certainly mean that Mary ra would have been amongst the family members who went to take Jesus as home. It is narrated that people were saying that he was not in his senses, or beside himself. 17 The importance of this is to show the type of issues Mary ra as a mother would have had to deal with, showing the humanity of Mary ra. Without a doubt, Mary ra was an extraordinary lady in every respect, being chosen by Almighty God to become the mother of a prophet and Messiah. She even reached the highest levels of righteousness and closeness to Almighty God, being declared as the best example for all humanity to follow. Perhaps, many of our Christian brethren would be surprised to learn that this statement is not to be found in the Bible, but in the Holy Qur an. 18 Also to be noted is that nowhere in the Gospels is she revealed as being either a co-redeemer, co-mediator or Theotokos, mother of God. 19 These are concepts which developed from the mid-first century to the second century onwards and evolved over time. 20 However, if anyone was to say, where in the New Testament is the evidence which suggests Mary ra was the Theotokos, then one would have to say there is none. endnotes 1. Bill McCarthy and James Tibbetts, Mary in the Church Today: Official Catholic Teachings on the Mother of God: From the Second Vatican Council, Pope Paul VI, Pope John Paul II and the Catechism of the Catholic Church (McKees Rocks, PA: St. Andrews Productions, 2000), Bill McCarthy and James Tibbetts, Mary in the Church Today: Official Catholic Teachings on the Mother of God: From the Second Vatican Council, Pope Paul VI, Pope John Paul II and the Catechism of the Catholic Church (McKees Rocks, PA: St. Andrews Productions, 2000), The Review of Religions december 2016 december 2016 The Review of Religions 63

33 mary: a personal reflection 13. Karen Armstrong, Muhammad: Prophet for 3. James R. White, Mary: Another Our Time (London: HarperPress, 2006), 48. Redeemer? (Minneapolis, MN: Bethany House, 1998), Matthew, 27:55-56 (RSV 1971). 4. Sarah Jane Boss, Mary: The Complete 15. Sarah Jane Boss, Mary: The Complete Resource (London: Continuum, 2009), 14. Resource (London: Continuum, 2009), Sarah Jane Boss, Mary: The Complete 16. Richard P. McBrien, Catholicism (San Resource (London: Continuum, 2009), 13. Francisco, CA: HarperSanFrancisco, 1994), Joachim Jeremias, Jerusalem in the Time of Jesus: 17. Mark, 3:21 (RSV 1971). An Investigation into Economic and Social Conditions during the New Testament Period (Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1967), 154 & Luke, 2:22-24 (Revised Standard Version 1971). 8. Joachim Jeremias, Jerusalem in the Time of Jesus: An Investigation into Economic and Social Conditions during the New Testament Period (Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1967), 154 & Luke, 2:48 (RSV 1971). 18. Malik Ghula m Fari d, The Holy Qurʼa n: Arabic Text with English Translation & Short Commentary (Tilford: Islam International, 2006), Richard P. McBrien, Catholicism (San Francisco, CA: HarperSanFrancisco, 1994), Richard P. McBrien, Catholicism (San Francisco, CA: HarperSanFrancisco, 1994), The official website of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community worldwide. You can find a huge collection of free online material, including translation and commentary of the Holy Qur an and you can access literature of the Community including the books written by its founder, Hazrat Mirza Ghulam Ahmad as. Your feedback is important to us Write to us with comments, feedback and suggestions at info@reviewof Religions.org 10. Luke, 2:51 (RSV 1971). 11. John, 2:1-12 (RSV 1971). 12. Matthew, 27:22 (RSV 1971). 64 The Review of Religions december 2016 december 2016 The Review of Religions 65

34 JANUARY 2015 Bitcoin: On Behalf of The Future 14 JULY 2015 Why The Honeybee is Dying and What It Means for Life on Earth 16 Educating Our Children 24 Wonders Experienced Through Fasting The Difference Between True Islam & Extremist Groups 30 The Islamic Dilemma Should We Fear the Religion of Peace? 30 VOL ISSUE 1 FGM Not in The Name of Religion 50 VOL ISSUE SEVEN Atheism or Belief - Which is evidence Based? 42 FEBRUARY 2015 God - His Transcedence and Manifestation 12 AUGUST 2015 The Sign of the Heavens 20 Untold Stories 26 The Plague 58 From the Archives: My Visit to Qadian 38 S P E C I A L P A G E E D I T I O N A Murder in British Lahore: Closing the Case of Lekh Ram 80 VOL ISSUE TWO Preaching Activities of Jesus as in the East 46 VOL ISSUE EIGHT World War One: Centenary of Fulfliment of a Grand Prophecy 102 MARCH 2015 A Message of Peace 10 SEPTEMBER 2015 The Economic System of Islam 10 Legal Right Verses Moral Duty 38 The Institution of Hajj 20 Is it Permissable for Prisoners of War to be Executed? 56 Mahmud s Letter From the Land of the Dearest One [Muhammad sa ] 24 VOL ISSUE THREE The Life of the Prophet Muhammad sa 68 VOL ISSUE NINE The Life & Character of the Seal of Prophets sa 52 APRIL 2015 Firm Stance Against Terror At Peace Symposium 8 OCTOBER 2015 Halloween Fear or Fun? 10 The Golden Principles for World Peace 16 Shariah: A Semantic Oxymoron? 28 Three Minutes and Counting 38 Connecting to Khilafat: A Guidance for Today s Muslim Youth 36 VOL ISSUE FOUR Has Science Rendered Religion Obsolete? 66 VOL ISSUE TEN Islam s Response to the Destruction of Cultural Heritage 56 MAY 2015 Is the Shroud of Turin a Medieval Photograph? 22 NOVEMBER 2015 The Sudarium of Oviedo and the Shroud of Turin 40 Mufti Muhammad World Peace & Security Sadiq ra An Early Ray of - The Critical Issues of Western Sunrise Our Time A Brief Review of Recent CNN Documentary on the Shroud 56 Responsibilities of an Ahmadi Muslim 50 VOL ISSUE FIVE The Oviedo Cloth by Mark Guscin: Book Review 66 VOL ISSUE ELEVEN The Economic System of Islam 56 JUNE 2015 The Race to Conquer the Secret of Life 14 DECEMBER 2015 Three Gradations of Doing Good 14 The Spiritual Benefits of Fasting 24 Is Religion Truly the Cause of Disorder in the World Today? Is Religion Truly the Cause of Disorder in the World Today? Navigating Life in the 21st Century 32 Apartheid of Ahmadis in Pakistan 52 Visits to Sacred Places 54 VOL ISSUE SIX VOL ISSUE TWELVE Women s Responsibilities: Fulfilling the Conditions of Bai at 78 The front covers of our 12 Editions in 2015 ERADICATING EXTREMISM EYES CANNOT REACH HIM... REACTION to CHARLIE HEBDO...? RAY OF HOPE? The RESURRECTION Shrouding The Truth? NAVIGATING LIFE in the 21 ST CENTURY Spirituality, Morality & Material Progress The ISLAMIC DILEMMA Should We Fear the Religion of Peace? EVIDENCE FOR THE TRUTH You be the Judge... From the LETTERS of MAHMUD RA A HISTORIC JOURNEY TO THE HOUSE OF GOD SERMON on the MOUNT Connecting to Khilafat: A Guidance for Today s Muslim Youth SERMON on the MOUNT WORLD PEACE & SECURITY: THE CRITICAL ISSUES OF OUR TIME The BLAME GAME Is religion truly the cause of disorder in the world today? To order back issues info@reviewofreligions.org Subscribe 12 editions for just 15 gbp or $30 Usd or $36 cad Students! 12 editions for just 5 gbp or $10 Usd or $12 cad

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36 Calendar of Religious Events & Festivals december 2016 Thursday 8 th December Faith: Buddhism Event: Bodhi Day According to the Buddhists of the Mahayana tradition, it was on this day that the Buddha attained enlightenment. Having spent six years living an extremely ascetic life, the Buddha developed the middle way philosophy. After this, he spent time in deep meditation under the Bodhi Tree in Bodhgaya, India. While there, he gained enlightenment, and taught the Four Noble Truths. Sunday 25 th December Sunday 1 st January 2017 Faith: Judaism Event: Hanukkah This festival, also known as the festival of lights, celebrates the miracle of the oil. According to tradition, the Maccabees recaptured Jerusalem from the Greeks in 164 BCE. But when time came to rededicate the temple, the Maccabees realized that there was only enough sacred oil to light the Menorah (candlestick with seven branches) for one day. In spite of this, the candles stayed lit for eight days. In order to commemorate this miracle, foods cooked in oil, such as doughnuts and potato latkes, are typically eaten during the holiday. Sunday 25 th December Faith: Christianity Event: Christmas Day On this day, Christians celebrate the birth of Jesus as, whom they believe to be the son of God. According to the New Testament of the Bible, Mary and Joseph had travelled to Bethlehem before the birth of Jesus as, but when they arrived there, all the inns were full and there were no rooms to be had. At this, one of the innkeepers allowed them to stay in the place where he housed his animals, and so this was where Mary is said to have given birth to Jesus as. Monday 26 th December Faith: Zoroastrianism Event: Zartasht Diso (Death of Zoroaster) This is an important date in the calendar of the Zoroastrian faith and marks the death of the founding prophet Zoroaster. It is a sorrowful occasion in which the followers mark the occasion with lectures and discussions as well as attending special remembrance prayers at the fire temple. Although the exact circumstance of the death of Zoroaster is unknown, traditions record that he was assassinated at the age of 77. Note about references Verse references to the Holy Qur an count Bismillah (In the Name of Allah ) as the first verse of each Chapter. In some non-standard texts, this is not counted. Should the reader refer to such texts, the verse quoted in The Review of Religions will be found a verse earlier, i.e. at one verse less than the number quoted in this journal. For the ease of non-muslim readers, sa or (saw) after the words, Holy Prophet, or the name Muhammad, are used normally in small letters. They stand for Sallallahu alaihi wa sallam meaning peace and blessings of Allah be upon him. Likewise, the letters as or (as) after the name of all other prophets is an abbreviation meaning peace be upon him derived from Alaihis salatu wassalam which are words that a Muslim utters out of respect whenever he or she comes across that name. The abbreviation ra or (ra) stands for Raziallahu Ta ala anhu and is used for Companions of a Prophet, meaning Allah be pleased with him or her (when followed by the relevant Arabic pronoun). Finally, rh or (rh) for Rahemahullahu Ta ala means the Mercy of Allah the Exalted be upon him. In keeping with current universal practice, local transliterations of names of places are preferred to their anglicised versions, e.g. Makkah instead of Mecca, etc. SUBSCRIPTION Subscription Contacts: India - Khursheed Ahmad india@reviewofreligions.org Tel: Tel: Fax: USA - Adnan Ahmed Bhalli usa@reviewofreligions.org Tel: Canada - Muhammad Dawood Khalid canada@reviewofreligions.org Tel: Nigeria - Qasim Oyekola nigeria@reviewofreligions.org Tel: Ghana - Naeem A. Cheema ghana@reviewofreligions.org Tel: UK - Athar Ahmad Bajwa uk@reviewofreligions.org Tel: For all other subscription issues or for general enquiries info@reviewofreligions.org or contact Head Office: Tahir House 22 Deer Park Road, London SW19 3TL

37 The Review of Religions, in print since 1902, is one of the longest-running comparative religious magazines. The objective of the magazine is to present the teachings of Islam, reflecting its rational, harmonious and inspiring nature. It also brings together articles and viewpoints on different religions and seeks to make discussions on religion and religious philosophy accessible to a wider readership. The magazine is devoted to promoting intellectual and lively debate that is based on respect for all prophets and religions. Islam repeatedly stresses the need to seek knowledge and The Review of Religions provides a unique platform for people to acquire, and share knowledge. Yearly subscription is only 15 sterling or $30 for overseas customers. To subscribe, or for more info, visit Follow us on Twitter Islamic Publications, 2016 ISSN No. spine december 2016 what are The foundations for a peaceful world? Terrorism was never Mohammad what are The found peaceful world? vol issue twelve