OSS PROFILE NAME: ABDUL RASUL SAYYAF. COUNTRY: Afghanistan

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1 OSS PROFILE NAME: ABDUL RASUL SAYYAF COUNTRY: Afghanistan VARIANTS: Abdurrab Rasul Sayyaf; Abd al-rasul Sayyaf; 'Abd al-rabb Al- Rasul Sayyaf; Abdul Rabb al-rasul Sayyaf 2 DATE OF BIRTH: Unknown SYNOPSIS: Abdul Rasul Sayyaf is a member of the dominant Pashtun ethnic group. He heads the Ittehad-i-Islami (Islamic Union for the Liberation of Afghanistan) party. Sayyaf, a fluent Arabic speaker, maintains close ties to the Saudis and adheres to the puritanical Wahhabi school of Islam [predominant in Saudi Arabia]. Ittehad-i-Islami is considered one of the weaker parties in Afghanistan because of its dependence on aid from Saudi Arabia 3 and because it lacks a power base inside Afghanistan. Sayyaf is a blustering, swashbuckling figure who was educated in Saudi Arabia and received a Ph.D from the University ofal-azhar in Cairo. 4 He is a Professor of Islamic law. Sayyaf is an ally of former Afghanistan President Burhannuddin Rabbani and has been associated with Rabbani and Gulbuddin Hekmatyar for many years. 5 Sayyaf is the most anti- Western and fundamentalist of the leaders of the opposition alliance. 6 He is virulently '"Afghan Political Website," afghan-web.com/politics/politicalpics.html 2 "Brief Profiles," profile.html; "Blowback," May 1996, Patterns of Global Terrorism, 995/TERASI.HTM#Afqhanistan; "Afghan Guerrilla Bases Are Reopened," 11/20/1996, The Independent - London; "Afghanistan: The Forgotten Crisis," February 1996, 3 ubrief Profiles" 4 "Blowback" 5 "Brief Profiles" 6 "Blowback"

2 opposed to the Shiite form of Islam. 7 Prior to the Taleban's takeover of Afghanistan, Sayyaf had a long history of running terrorist training camps inside the country. 8 He has been associated with infamous terrorists such as Sheikh Omar Abdul-Rahman (the "blind sheikh") and Osama bin Laden. Bin Laden fought under Sayyafs forces against the Soviets. Bin Laden helped Sayyaf strengthen his close ties to Saudi intelligence organizations. In 1998, Sayyafwas the "spiritual leader" of the Saudi funded "terrorist training" university, Dawa-ul-Jehad, outside Peshawar. 9 BIOGRAPHICAL DATA: After 1965, an Islamic movement gained influence among students and professors at Kabul University. In 1973, the movement formed a leadership shura (council). Burhanuddin Rabbani, a lecturer at the shari'a (Islamic law) faculty of Kabul University, was chosen as chairman of the council (Jamiat-i-Islami). The deputy head of council was another lecturer, Abdul Rasul Sayyaf. The main student leader was Gulbuddin Hekmatyar. The three men later came to lead three separate Sunni Islamist parties.' 0 Abdul Rasul Sayyaf is the head of the Ittehad-i-Islami (Islamic Union for the Liberation of Afghanistan) and remains an ally of former Afghan President Rabbani. Sayyaf is a fluent Arabic speaker known for his close contacts with Saudi Arabia during the war against the Soviets. He worked for the Islamic movement under Zahir Shah and Daoud. He was arrested during the Communist takeover of 1978 despite being a relative of Hafizullah Amin, the communist party leader killed during Soviet intervention the following year. Most analysts consider Ittehad-i-Islami one of the weaker parties in Afghanistan because of its dependence on aid from Saudi Arabia."' In the early 1980's, terrorist Sheikh Omar Abdul-Rahman (the "blind sheikh") attempted to unify Afghan groups that had been fighting each other for years. His efforts proved futile but he did succeed in coordinating some of their activities. The Sheikh clearly favored the two most anti-western and fundamentalist Afghan groups - one led by Gulbuddin Hekmatyar, and the other by Sayyaf. Sayyaf, like Sheikh Omar, earned a Ph.D from the University of al-azhar in Cairo. Sayyaf has been described as a blustering, swashbuckling figure, often draped in blankets of homespun cloth. Because he was an adherent of the puritanical Wahhabi school of Islam (the dominant school in Saudi Arabia), Riyadh funded him lavishly. When Osama bin Laden came to Peshawar as a mujahid, he befriended Gulbuddin Hekmatyar and Sheikh Omar, and fought with the forces of Abdul Rasul Sayyaf "Tough Road to Peace in Afghanistan," AP Online, 03/15/ Afghan Guerrilla Bases are Reopened" 9 "Afghan Strike/Taliban - 2: Fired by Radical Brand of Islam," Dow Jones News Service, 08/20/ "Afghanistan: The Forgotten Crisis" " "Brief Profiles" 12 "Blowback"

3 Sayyaf formed a close relationship with Bin Laden, Ahmad Shah Masood, and terrorist Abdullah Azzam, a Jordanian of Palestinian origin. Sayyaf, through Azzam and bin Laden, strengthened his ties to Saudi government officials, most notably Prince Turki Al- Faisal, chief of Saudi intelligence and an ardent supporter of the mujahideen.' 3 Sayyaf's Ittehad-i-Islami lacks strong social networks, but some Afghan commanders proclaim an allegiance to it because of its vast resources of money and arms. This party is currently allied with Jamiat-i-Islami but controls little territory inside Afghanistan. Sayyaf is a Pashtun, but his party's image is more sectarian than ethnic. Some of his former commanders play senior roles in the Taleban movement. 14 Abdul Rasul Sayyaf, who remains an influential member of the opposition alliance, fiercely opposes women working or voting. Sayyaf has also taken a hard line against the country's Shiite minority. When the opposition alliance ruled Kabul, some of the fiercest fighting was between Sayyaf [Pashtun] and the Shiites [Hazaras]. Sayyaf reportedly killed Hazara prisoners by locking them in a metal container and then setting fire outside it. Although Sayyaf and the Shiites have joined in the anti-taleban alliance, their differences have not been settled. 15 TERRORIST TRAINING Sayyaf has been involved in training terrorists for many years. Between 1984 and 1991 some 500 Moro fighters form the MILF [Moro Islamic Liberation Front, Mindano, Philippines] passed through the Afghan school of Jehad. MILF leader, Hashim, like Sayyaf, was a graduate of Cairo's Al-Azhar university. Many of the MILF fighters trained at the "military academy" of Sayyaf's Ittehad-i-Islami near the Pakistani town of Saddar on the Afghan border; others trained and fought around the Afghan government garrison town of Khost, not far across the border. Afghanistan exerted a major influence on the MILF. 16 It is also widely believed that Ramzi Yousef, the World Trade Center bomber, trained and fought in the Afghan war under Abdul Rasul Sayyaf between During the Rabbani regime, Abdul Rasul Sayyaf continued to harbor and train potential terrorists in his camps in Afghanistan and Pakistan. The Government of Pakistan raided 3 "Afghan Strike/Taliban - 2: Fired by Radical Brand of Islam" 14 Afghanistan: The Forgotten Crisis" 5 "Tough Road to Peace in Afghanistan" 1 6 "Islamic Guerrillas Threaten the Fragile Peace on Mindano," Jane's Intelligence Review, 05/01/ "Cold War Incursion Sows Seeds of Terror," Los Angeles Times, 08/04/1996

4 his facilities near Peshawar in November 1995, after the bombing of the Egyptian Embassy in Islamabad.18 When the Taleban came to power, Western observers hoped they would fulfil their pledge to ban terrorist training in Afghanistan but at least two camps have reopened - Al Badr 1 and Al Badr 2, on the Pakistani border. Abdul Rasul Sayyafs camps east and west of Kabul, which had received millions of pounds in aid from Middle Eastern groups in exchange for training Islamists for the "holy war," were closed. However, several years ago there were rumors that his camps, like Al-Badr, would reopen under Taleban control. 9 In 1998, Abdul Rasul Sayyaf was the spiritual head of the "terrorist training" university, Dawa-ul-Jehad, outside Peshawar. Sayyaf claims that Saudi Arabia funds the university Patterns of Global Terrorism '9 Afghan Guerrilla Bases Are Reopened" 20 "Supping with the Devil," The Hindu - Editorial, 09/08/1998

5 01-OSS 21 PRIMER Essential Elements of Information Joint Planning, Operations Other Than War and Open Source Intelligence - Link Page Previous The Convenience Center Next OSS 102: Commercial Return to Electronic Index Page

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