Discussion Topic: Delhi Sultanate and Mali Table Leaders: Brandon Butterwick Shrey Amin Neel Ambardekar Allie Arasi Andrew Buck

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1 Discussion Topic: Delhi Sultanate and Mali Table Leaders: Brandon Butterwick Shrey Amin Neel Ambardekar Allie Arasi Andrew Buck Questions prepared to Lead or Prompt discussion for the Harkness Discussion. Questions must come from the upper three levels of Bloom s Taxonomy. Key Concept: 4.1 Globalizing Networks of Communication and Exchange Question #1 What did countries like India, Cambodia, Sri Lanka construct in order to compensate for the uneven distribution of rainfall? How did the construction of dams, irrigation canals, and reservoirs affect the regions? Pg: Answer: All of the region's built dams, irrigation canals, and reservoirs which led to increased production however huge projects like these left them vulnerable to political disruptions and disasters. (On the contrary, the smaller projects in villages were more stable and could be easily rebuilt). Question #2 How did trading across the Sahara help open Africa up to new goods and religions? Pg: Answer: Before Saharan trade, most trade was sub saharan isolating africa from much of the eastern hemisphere and only to Islamic principles. Saharan trade opened it up to a lot more ideas. Question #3 How did Mansa Kankan Musa s pilgrimage through Egypt to Mecca help establish the empire s reputation? Pg 380 Answer: it established the empire s reputation for wealth and the effect of distributing the gold suppressed the value of gold in other regions during the time. We can infer that Mali s economical stance was strong. Question #4 Ibn Battuta traveled in both India and Mali empire; From his written accounts, how did India, specifically Delhi and Mali differ? Answer: In Mali lauded the Malians for their faithful recitation of prayers and teaching children the Quran complete and general safety prevailed in the vast territories...foreign travelers had no reason to fear being robbed In India praised sultan s piety and generosity...but also recounted his [the sultan's] cruelties Key Concept: 4.2 New Forms of Social Organizations and Modes of Production Question #5 Compare the different ways that Mali and Delhi Sultanate used to convert their subjects to Islam. Answer : Mali commercial contacts, trading etc. and Delhi Sultanate Sultan Iltutmish established Delhi Sultanate as a Muslim state using (violent) conquests). Pg 378, 383. Question #6 How did tropical Africa and Asia s climate affect the economy? Answer: monsoons enriched soil boosting agriculture. when agriculture was bad, people relied on herding and pastoralism. Pg

2 Question #7 Why were irrigation channels important for the prospering of the Delhi and other parts of tropical Asia? Answer: They conserved water from monsoons year round so territories like the Delhi Sultanate could have water during the arid summers. One of the largest irrigation channels of the time Pg Key Concept: 4.3 State Consolidation and Imperial Expansion Question #8 In order to consolidate the Delhi Sultanate, what did the Turkish rulers rely on? and How did it compare to Mali? = (transition to the next question) Pg 384. Answer: relied on terror to keep their subjects submissive, on harsh military reprisals to put down rebellion, and on pillage and high taxes to sustain the ruling elite in luxury and power. Question #9 What did the Mali Empire under Sundiata s rule mainly depend on? More specifically how did Sundiata consolidate Mali? Answer: Sundiata fortified or consolidate Mali through well developed agricultural base, control of regional and trans Saharan trade routes, spread of Islam among the empire s political and trading elites, and control of gold and copper trades and contacts with North African Muslim traders. Question #10 How did Islam affect the rule in India. How did this have a large effect? Answer: Islam made rulers become more benign (kind). They became more focused on extending protection which unified India. Baghdad was a massive city; center to trade and communication outside of india. Baghdad becoming a less harsh city created a ripple effect on other parts of the world. Minimum of TWO outside sources: utline.htm Historical Period Links (compare and contrast other regions during this era, make global connections, etc.): Ibn Battuta s exploration of Mali and India is similar to Marco Polo s exploration of the Mongols. Islam came to the Delhi Sultanate through military conquest while in Mali, Islam was spread peacefully. Africa had more desert making it harder to cultivate land whereas china had forest which had rich soil for agriculture and lumber Between , Internal and external attacks caused political disruptions in Mali and Delhi Sultanate which is similar to the Mongols who attacked Korea, Japan, and Vietnam. In Ibn Battuta s account of Mali, he describes how religion (Islam) was enforced through faithful recitation of prayers and teaching children the Quran. This is

3 similar to the Ming Dynasty as they tried to get rid of Mongol influence and beliefs and enforce Confucianism. Key Vocabulary (With Definitions): Delhi Sultanate Centralized Indian empire of varying extent, created by Muslim invaders. Mali Empire created by indigenous Muslims in western Sudan of West Africa from the thirteenth to fifteenth century. It was famous for its role in the trans Saharan gold trade. Mansa Kankan Musa Ruler of Mali (r ). His pilgrimage through Egypt to Mecca in established the empire s reputation for wealth in the Mediterranean world. Gujarat Region of western India famous for trade and manufacturing; the inhabitants are called Gujaratis. Important Dates:

4 Maps: Sultan Iltutmish consolidated his conquest in a series of military expeditions that made his realm the largest in India (See Map 13.3)

5 Multiple Choice Test Questions (if high quality, may show up on Unit Test): 1. All of the following are similarities between Mali and Delhi Sultanate EXCEPT: a. both utilized administrative and military systems which were introduced from the Islamic heartland. b. both experienced internal rivalries and external attacks. c. both depended on trans-saharan, long-distance trade. d. both Mali and Delhi used Islamic administrative. 2. Even though the incorporation of North India into the Islamic world led to the invaders changing from brutal conquerors to benign rulers, which methods did the rulers (continue to) use in order to keep their subjects submissive? I. Terror and pillages II. Harsh military reprisals in order to put down rebellion III. Heavy taxation a. I only b. I and II c. III only d. I, II, III 3. All of the following were reasons of Iltutmish being succeeded by his daughter and not his son EXCEPT: A. He felt his son was not mature enough. B. He believed that his daughter was the most competent person to rule. C. The son ruled ineptly and proved himself a bad ruler. D. The daughter already had political experience. 4. Metals were used to supply military,use as currency, and creating new technology. Which of the following was not a type of metal used in the Delhi Sultanate? A. Copper B. Gold C. Brass D. Steel 5. What is the reason for the fall of the Delhi Sultanate?

6 A. Religious rivalry with Muslim elite. B. Disconnection from Hindu. C. Rival states invading and taking over the trade ports. D. All of the Above.