The Kumbotso Teacher Educator (KUTEJ): A Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies Volume 4.1 January 2013 ISSN:

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1 The Kumbotso Teacher Educator (KUTEJ): A Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies Volume 4.1 January 2013 ISSN: MODERN METHODS OF TEACHING TAJWEED Dr.Tasi u Namadi Bari Department of Islamic Studies, School of Arts and Social Sciences, Sa adatu Rimi College of Education Kumbotso, Kano, Nigeria. falgorepk@yahoo.co.uk Abstract This paper examines the importance and benefits of the knowledge of Tajweed, as well as some guidelines which the teacher of Tajweed should follow for effective teaching and learning of this important branch of Qur anic education. With this background, the paper then identifies and explains modern methods of teaching Tajweed, which could preferably be called sub-methods that support the grand method of the Prophet and his companions. Keywords: Qur an, Tajweed, Teaching and Learning KUTEJ 2013: of 299

2 Introduction Though there is the Talqeen Method of teaching the recitation of the Holy Qur an, which was used by the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, as well as well as by his companions (may Allah be pleased with them), the method could be supported with other sub-methods, which advancement in science and technology has brought. The Importance and Benefit of the Knowledge of Tajweed Tajweed knowledge is the most reputed knowledge and in consideration the most eminent pride to be preserved, because of its link with the word of Allah who created human beings from a span and related them to one another, who have no fear of it with ignorance and no fear of going astray from the right path. The most venerable knowledge of the Qur'an to be presented is Tajweed. Aliyu bin Abi Talib was asked to express the meaning "الترتيل" He said "ورتل القرآن ترتيال" سورة المزمل اآلية: verse: 4 of this means competency in the pronunciation of letters and the skill of how to stop over (Muzammil: 4 (Murad, 2003)). المصادر والمراجع القرآن الكريم ابن الجزرى حرز األمانى ص: 3 (بدون ذكر تاريخ الطبع). د. مصطفى مراد ( 2003 م) كيف تحفظ القرآن دار الفجر للتراث القاھرة. د. تاسع نمدى ( 1994 م) البدع عند ابن فودى. د. ماھر إسماعيل ( 1999 م) الوسائل التعليمية ط: المملكة العربية السعودية محمد بن محمد الجزرى ( 2003 م) التمھيد فى علم التجويد مؤسسة القرطبة. ابن حجر( 1403 ھ) فتح البارى دار الفكر بيروت. أحمد بن حنبل ( 1400 ھ) المسند دار صادر The benefit that a person will gain is the reflection of the meaning of the Book of Allah and deep thinking of the hidden meanings through studying its objectives and purposes and implementing its facts. Allah, the Almighty says: "كتاب أنزلناه إليك مبارك ليدبروا آياته وليذكر أولو األلباب". ) سورة ص 29 ). KUTEJ 2013: of 299 KUTEJ 2013: of 299

3 Conclusion Conclusively, the benefits of the modern method of teaching Tajweed, as stated by Amo (1999), include the following: "(This is) a Book which we have sent down to you full of blessings that they may ponder over its Ayat and that men of understanding may remember (Saad verse 29 Ibn Kathir (Safiur-Rahman) Vol. 8 pp 327). (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) The learning of pupils will increase, as a result of arousing their interests. Pupils' attention is sustained, as they become absorbed in learning. The learners get a variety of experiences from the use of different educational technologies. The method promotes the greater acquisition and longer retention of factual knowledge. It provides an opportunity for learners to develop the skills of communication. References So, this will be if the articulation of letters is clear in the ears of listeners in the best appropriate way as incited by the Prophet (peace be upon him). Bukhari narrated: زينوا القرآن بأصواتكم ) فتح البارى 527/13). Beautify the Qur an with your voices (Fathal Bari (Ibn Hajar) Vol. 13 pp 527. He also said in other place: "ليس منا من لم يتغن بالقرآن". فتح البارى 510/13 Hawliah (2000) Issue No.8 International Islamic University. Muslim (Sahih) Vol. 1 N0.14 Dr. Bari, N. Principles of Tajweed Tsadari (published 2006) Ibn Kathir English Translation, (Safiur-Rahman) Al-Aramain Foundation publishers. 1421H Amo, B.O., (1999), Educational Technology, Rex Charles Publication, Ibadan Nigeria. KUTEJ 2013: of 299 He is not of us who does not chant nicely with the recitation of the Qur an (Fath Bari Vol. 13 pp 510). This means whenever you are reciting the Book of Allah, you should beautify your melody. That comprises the best form of the articulation of Arabic letters, how the beauty of the voice is, so the more the beauty of sound is the more concentration of the heart will be. Then it exists full compliance and obedience to Allah the Almighty, in His commands and forbidding the desire for His promises and the fear of his threats, the expectation of his desires, anticipation of his hopes, belief in his messenger and taking caution from abandoning that knowing what is lawful and KUTEJ 2013: of 299

4 forbidden. It is a great benefit and prosperity, which can't be neglected only from a deprived person (Al-Jazari, Introduction to Tajweed knowledge. Pp 17). Guidelines for the Teacher of Tajweed It is very important for the teacher of Tajweed to consider the following: 1. There is a strong correlation between aims and objectives, so the teacher of Tajweed should try to adopt a variety of methods which will facilitate the achievement of the desired objectives. 2. In relation to the learner s maturity, ability and understanding should be taken into consideration when choosing an appropriate method of teaching Tajweed. " وما يدريك لعه يزكى"(سورة عبس: 3 ) Allah Almighty has said in relation to this: And how can you know that he might become pure? Chapter 80 verse 3 Safi'ur-Rahman Ibn Kathir Vol. 9: 355). This has link with the psychological thinking of that companion who came seeking for additional knowledge from Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W). "ما أنت بمحدث قوما حديثا ال تبلغه عقولھم إال كان لبعضھم فتنة" (مسلم مقدمة رقم ٤). (iii) (iv) (v) video materials, computers and projectors and television. The importance of these are that the teacher will engage the four senses of his pupils in learning the correct articulation of letters, the organs of speech and phonetics and phonology. Drawings: These appeal to the sense of sight only. These include charts, pictures and diagrams showing how letters are pronounced from different organs of speech. The teacher can draw charts of organs of speech and use them in teaching tajweed. Internet: The internet was invented in 1969 by the American Defence Ministry. Nowadays, it is a source of acquiring information for teachers and students as well in this world. A teacher of Tajweed can benefit from the Internet to source welldocumented information related to Tajweed. He can also refer students to Qur'anic recitation websites like: The Tajweed teacher can also download recitations for use in the class (Ismail, 1999). The Braille machine, the computer and the handset for blind learners: These can be used, for instance, to teach the set of letters for idgam (assimilation) to the blind learners of tajweed. KUTEJ 2013: of 299 KUTEJ 2013: of 299

5 frowned at by Islam. Such people, for instance, benefit from the modern transportation system but term the use of the microphone to call people to prayer as unlawful. They could not differentiate between innovation, which is creation of new rituals, and invention, which comes through explorations and experiments, which are in line with Allah s saying: "ويخلق ما ال تعلمون"( سورة النحل اآلية 8). "And he created what you knew not" (Nahl chapter 16 verse 8). The modern methods to be used in teaching Tajweed appeal to the human senses of hearing, seeing and touching by blind learners and include the following: Muslim reported from Abdullah Ibn Masoud, may Allah be pleased with them, that the Prophet of Allah said, You should not talk to people beyond their understanding and imagination, otherwise you create in some of them confusions, (Muslim (Sahih) Introduction Hadith No 4). 3. The benefit of previous experiment and experience is one of the principles in new learning. Al-Khattab has stated that teachers should gain and benefit from the past experience. This will enable them to select the best method suitable to the different stages of pupils. It will also help them in choosing suitable words and expressions which are appropriate to the mental age of their pupils.. (i) (ii) Audio Materials: these appeal to the sense of sound only like radio, language laboratory, telephone and recorder. Using audio materials solves all children's problems and has a great impact in the psychological feelings of pupils. Teaching Tajweed needs a well experienced teacher who is sometimes very difficult to find, but by using audio, instructional objectives could be realized. The recitation of a prominent reciter (Qaree) could be recorded in cassettes. The teacher for the tajweed lesson will, after demonstration, play the cassette to the pupils. The method can simplify and minimize the length of the period. Nowadays, there are digital Qur'an phones and recorded cassettes. Audio-Visuals: This method includes materials that appeal to the senses of sight and sound together like "ثم بعثنا من بعده رسال إلى قومھم فجاؤھم بالبينات وما كانوا ليؤمنوا بما كذبوا به من قبل("يونس ٧٤ ). Allah (S.W.T) said: Then after him we sent other messengers to their people. They brought them clear proofs (Chapter 10 (Yunus) verse 74). What the Prophet brought to them is the same as what other prophets before him had brought. They have already had an experience of the Prophet calling them. 4. Moulding the character of the learners to be of good behaviour should be part of the duties of the teacher of Tajweed. KUTEJ 2013: of 299 KUTEJ 2013: of 299

6 "مثل الذين حملوا التوراة ثم لم يحملوھا كمثل الحمار يحمل أسفارا"(الجمعة.(٥: "The likeliness of those who were entrusted with the Tawrah, but did not carry it, is as the likeliness of a donkey, which carries huge burdens of books. How bad is the example of people who deny the Ayat of Allah " (Juma'a verse 5. Ibn Kathir Vol. 9, pp. 634). The Qur'an is a victory and protection of those before us. It is a straight pass, a manner and a way of life. But it is very disturbing to see our young generations memorizing hundreds of songs but cannot memorize some portion of the Qur'an, or some are not fluent in its recitation, so they are like those who exchange dung with camel or wealth with poverty (Murad,2003). Prophet (Peace be upon him) said: اقرءوا القرآن واعملوا به" ) رواه أحمد 428/3 والطبرانى فى الكبير 167/7). "Read Al-Qur'an and put it in action". (Narrated by Ahmad in Musnad Vol. 3. Pp 428). 5. Good character and habit: imparting knowledge to pupils is not the only objective in the teaching profession, but the most essential is moulding children s character and habit (Hawliah Academic Journal Pp ). KUTEJ 2013: of 299 The Conventional Method of Teaching Tajweed Tajweed is the science that teaches every Muslim the correct method of reading the Devine Book of Allah (the Qur an). The conventional teaching of Tajweed is Talqeen, that is, a Tajweed teacher reading the Qur an with the students repeating after him. Talqeen is the method by which the Qur an was transmitted to Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) by Angel Jibril. Allah says in Holy Qur an: قال تعالى " وإنك لتلقى القرآن من لدن حكيم عليم" النمل : (٦) And verily you (O Muhammad) are being taught the Qur an from one All-Wise All-knowing: (Ibn Kathir (Safiur-Rahman), Vol. 7 pp. 301) This method can be suitable in teaching grammar, poems, Islamic calligraphy, etc. and is the easiest and simplest way for memorizing the Holy Qur an. It is the same method used by the Prophet to teach his companions, and will continue to be used forever. Finally, talqeen is the quickest and strongest unforgetful way of memorizing the Qur an especially with understanding. Despite these benefits of the conventional method of teaching Tajweed, there are modern methods that could also be helpful. This is dealt with in the next section of this paper. Modern Methods of Teaching Tajweed Some people ignorantly deprive youth from benefiting from modern technology with the accusation that it is an innovation KUTEJ 2013: of 299

The Virtues of Surah An-Nasr

The Virtues of Surah An-Nasr Revealed in Makkah It has been mentioned previously that - it (Surah An-Nasr) is equivalent to one-fourth of the Qur'an and that - Surah Az-Zalzalah is equivalent to one-fourth