Group 1 Historical Context: The Fall of the Qing Dynasty and Start of the Chinese Civil War Imperialism (1793-early 1900s)

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1 Group 1 Historical Context: The Fall of the Qing Dynasty and Start of the Chinese Civil War In 1912, the Qing Dynasty, founded in 1644, was overthrown, ending thousands of years of dynastic rule in China. The event below contributed to the weakening of the dynasty and the increasing Chinese frustration with their government. Imperialism (1793-early 1900s) The Qing Dynasty, founded by Manchurian clans in 1644, expanded China s borders to their farthest reach, conquering Tibet, Taiwan and the Uighur Empire. However, the Qing then turned inward and isolationist, refusing to accept Western ambassadors because they were unwilling to proclaim the Qing Dynasty as supreme above their own heads of state. For decades, Europeans could do business only at the port of Canton. Starting in the 18 th century the Portuguese and then other nations began pushing for China to open more ports up to trade. China refused to open other ports to foreigners because they regarded European goods as inferior to their own and bought few goods from the European merchants at Canton. European merchants were determined to find a product the Chinese would buy in large quantities, but eventually force the Chinese to trade.

2 1. Write 2-3 sentences summarizing the text and describing the political cartoon. 2. Explain how this imperialism might have weakened the Qing Dynasty, frustrated the Chinese with their government, and led to the overthrow of the dynasty?

3 Group 2 Historical Context: The Fall of the Qing Dynasty and Start of the Chinese Civil War In 1912, the Qing Dynasty, founded in 1644, was overthrown, ending thousands of years of dynastic rule in China. The event below contributed to the weakening of the dynasty and the increasing Chinese frustration with their government. Opium Wars ( ) The Qing Dynasty, founded by Manchurian clans in 1644, expanded China s borders to their farthest reach, conquering Tibet, Taiwan and the Uighur Empire. However, the Qing then turned inward and isolationist, refusing to accept Western ambassadors because they were unwilling to proclaim the Qing Dynasty as supreme above their own heads of state. For decades, Europeans could do business only at the port of Canton. Starting in the 18 th century the Portuguese and then other nations began pushing for China to open more ports up to trade. China refused to open other ports to foreigners because they regarded European goods as inferior to their own and bought few goods from the European merchants at Canton. Starting in in the mid- 1700s, the British began trading opium grown in India in exchange for silver from Chinese merchants. Opium an addictive drug that today is refined into heroin was illegal in England, but was used in Chinese traditional medicine. Starting in in the mid-1700s, the British began trading opium grown in India in exchange for silver from Chinese merchants. Opium an addictive drug that today is refined into heroin was illegal in England, but was used in Chinese traditional medicine. However, recreational use was illegal and not widespread. That changed as the British began shipping in tons of the drug using a combination of commercial loopholes and outright smuggling to get around the ban, the Chinese attempted to stop the British and it resulted in the opium wars. The British ships had far superior weapons and easily defeated the Chinese leading to the Treaty of Nanjing

4 1. Write a 2-3 sentence summary on the event in the text and describe what is happening in the image above? 2. How might the opium wars have weakened the Qing Dynasty, frustrated the Chinese with their government, and led to the overthrow of the dynasty?

5 Group 3 Historical Context: The Fall of the Qing Dynasty and Start of the Chinese Civil War In 1912, the Qing Dynasty, founded in 1644, was overthrown, ending thousands of years of dynastic rule in China. The event below contributed to the weakening of the dynasty and the increasing Chinese frustration with their government. Treaty of Nanjing ( ) and Other Unequal Treaties After the Opium Wars, the Chinese were forced to sign unequal treaties with Europeans and Japan that gave imperial powers control over sections of China. The Treaty of Nanjing was signed on August 29, This was the treaty that ended the first Opium War, and the first of the unequal treaties between China and foreign imperialist powers. China paid the British an indemnity (money that goes to the victor in a war), ceded the territory of Hong Kong, and agreed to establish a fair and reasonable tariff. British merchants, who had previously been allowed to trade only at Guangzhou(Canton), were now permitted to trade at five treaty ports and with whomever they pleased.the treaty was supplemented in 1843 by the British Supplementary Treaty of the Bogue, which allowed British citizens to be tried in British courts and granted Britain any rights in China that China might grant to other countries.

6 1. Write 2-3 sentences summarizing the text and describing the political cartoon? 2. How might this event have weakened the Qing Dynasty, frustrated the Chinese with their government, and led to the overthrow of the dynasty?

7 Group 4 Historical Context: The Fall of the Qing Dynasty and Start of the Chinese Civil War In 1912, the Qing Dynasty, founded in 1644, was overthrown, ending thousands of years of dynastic rule in China. The event below contributed to the weakening of the dynasty and the increasing Chinese frustration with their government. First Sino-Japanese War ( ) The first Sino-Japanese War involved conflict between Japan and China that marked the emergence of Japan as a major world power and demonstrated the weakness of the Chinese empire. The war grew out of a rivalry between the two countries for supremacy in Korea. Korea had long been China s most important client state, but its strategic location opposite the Japanese islands and its natural resources of coal and iron attracted Japan s interest. In 1875 Japan, which had begun to adopt Western technology, forced Korea to open itself to foreign, especially Japanese, trade and to declare itself independent from China in its foreign relations. War was finally declared on Aug. 1, Although foreign observers had predicted an easy victory for the more massive Chinese forces, the Japanese had done a more successful job of modernizing, and they were better equipped and prepared. Japanese troops scored quick and overwhelming victories on both land and sea. By March 1895 the Japanese had successfully invaded Shandong province and Manchuria and had fortified posts that commanded the sea approaches to Beijing. The Chinese sued for peace.

8 1. Write 2-3 sentences summarizing the text and describing the political cartoon. 2. How might this event have weakened the Qing Dynasty, frustrated the Chinese with their government, and led to the overthrow of the dynasty?

9 Group 5 Historical Context: The Fall of the Qing Dynasty and Start of the Chinese Civil War In 1912, the Qing Dynasty, founded in 1644, was overthrown, ending thousands of years of dynastic rule in China. The event below contributed to the weakening of the dynasty and the increasing Chinese frustration with their government. Boxer Rebellion ( ) In 1900, in what became known as the Boxer Rebellion (or the Boxer Uprising), a Chinese secret organization called the Society of the Righteous and Harmonious Fists led an uprising in northern China against the spread of Western and Japanese influence there. The rebels, referred to by Westerners as Boxers because they performed physical exercises they believed would make them able to withstand bullets, killed foreigners and Chinese Christians and destroyed foreign property. From June to August, the Boxers besieged the foreign district of Beijing (then called Peking), China s capital, until an international force that included American troops subdued the uprising. By the terms of the Boxer Protocol, which officially ended the rebellion in 1901, China agreed to pay more than $330 million in reparations.

10 1. Write 2-3 sentences summarizing the text and describing the cartoon. 2. How might this event have weakened the Qing Dynasty, frustrated the Chinese with their government, and led to the overthrow of the dynasty?

11 Collapse of the Qing Dynasty Events Causes How did it lead to the Collapse of the Qing Dynasty?

12 1. Write 3-4 sentences describing the Long March. Make sure to include why it took places, the obstacles the CCP faced, and the outcome.

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