An Nawawi s Forty Hadith

Transcription

1 Thursday 21 st February Hadith 23: How to free Oneself - Part 2 Lecture by Sister Eman al Obaid The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said, Purity is half of iman (faith). Al-hamdu lillah (praise be to Allah) fills the scales, and subhan-allah (how far is Allah from every imperfection) and Al-hamdulillah (praise be to Allah) fill that which is between heaven and earth. And the salah (prayer) is a light, and charity is a proof, and patience is illumination, and the Qur an is a proof either for you or against you. Every person starts his day as a vendor of his soul, either freeing it or causing its ruin. It was related by Muslim. and the Qur an is a proof either for you or against you 1

2 Hujjah = to argue. The Qur an can be with you or can be against you. The Qur an can argue ج ة ح with you or the Qur an can argue against you. With you and against you Al-HamduliLlah Allah subhana wa ta'ala taught man with the pen, taught man what he did not know. Al-HamduliLlah Allah subhana wa ta'ala created man and gave man eloquent speech. Nabi sallallahu alayhi wa sallam never spoke anything from his desire, he was only inspired by Allah subhana wa ta'ala. In this hadith Nabi sallallahu alayhi wa sallam is addressing you personally. Your relationship with the Qur an is a very personal relationship. The Qur an will not argue for you or against you in the dunya. This hadith is reminding us of the Day of Judgment. This hadith is reminding us of the meeting with Allah subhana wa ta'ala. Meeting Allah subhana wa ta'ala is not in the dunya. We need to prepare now for that meeting. The resurrection is haq. If you are a believer this is part of your belief, part of your aqeedah. Yawm ul Qiyamah, Yawm ul Deen, Yawm ul Hisab The Day of the Recompense, the Day of the Reward for the good people, the Day of the Punishment for the disbelievers; the day of standing in front of Allah subhana wa ta'ala; Allah subhana wa ta'ala will gather all of humanity including the messengers. Everyone will gather on that day. 1, for the hisab 2. for the jaza You will wait for the account. Everything will be accountable according to what you did in your life. After the account, after the balance, where will you go, what is your reward? Those who don t have a balance, what is their punishment? In that position you need someone who will argue with you. You want someone to intercede for you. Al Qur an Al Qur an which is Kalamullah. This Qur an, on the Day of Judgment will be with you or it will be against you. The Qur an is Kalamullah. Allah subhana wa ta'ala made the Qur an easy for us, we can recite, we can listen, we can write, we can understand His kalam, that is why it is Kalamullah. 2

3 How do you explain Kalamullah? Because of the hisab and the jaza your relationship with the Qur an is very important The Jibal The Mountains Chapter (59) sūrat l-ḥashr (The Gathering) 59:21 If We had sent down this Qur'an upon a mountain, you would have seen it humbled and coming apart from fear of Allah. And these examples We present to the people that perhaps they will give thought. A mountain made of rock was taksha = being humble. Humble to Allah subhana wa ta'ala. Where are the hearts that are humble to Allah subhana wa ta'ala? The jabal will fear Allah subhana wa ta'ala. Where the hearts fearing Allah subhana wa ta'ala? The jabal will crack. Where are the hearts that move to Allah subhana wa ta'ala? When the mountain listens to Kalamullah, this is the reaction of the jabal. Why is there no effect of the Qur an on us? I am reciting and reading and memorizing but there is no effect. There is no effect because we deal with the Qur an only from the outside. This is the problem. We are dealing with the Qur an from the surface. You don t go into the deep meaning of the Qur an, you are not freeing your heart before you stand infront of Allah subhana wa ta'ala and stand infront of His Kalam. Imagine when you talk to someone important will you be busy with something else? No. when talking to somebody can you think of anybody else? No. The more I talk to someone important and beloved to me I will really listen. 3

4 We are reading Kalamullah We are listening to Kalamullah We are reciting Kalamullah And we are busy with something else. Our heart is thinking of something else. Our mind is thinking of something else. And you wonder why the Qur an has no effect on you. Some people think to get the blessing from the Qur an you need to keep it in a drawer, you need to keep it in the car; put it under the pillow, wear it. The Qur an was not revealed for this. Or their relationship with the Qur an is when they need something Can you tell me which ayah to read? can you tell which ayah to read to have children; can you tell which ayah to read to have a boy; can you tell me which surah to recite. This makes the heart cry, the Qur an is more than this. Allah subhana wa ta'ala revealed the Qur an to make us straight Allah subhana wa ta'ala revealed the Qur an to make us be on the way of guidance Among all the creation Allah subhana wa ta'ala choose al Ins an. Allah subhana wa ta'ala made you, out of His rahma you are ins an, you can read His Kalam. Any other creature, any other creation, they cannot read but they are glorifying Allah subhana wa ta'ala. Very easily you can have Kalamullah infront of you. - Don t say it is not in my language. - Don t say it is too difficult to understand. If you think it is difficult it will be difficult because who said you will do it; who you said you will make the Qur an clear for yourself? Allah subhana wa ta'ala will open the doors. Allah subhana wa ta'ala will open the way of understanding. People are from different groups regarding the Qur an. See for yourself which group you are? There are three groups of people related to the Qur an. Mayut al Qalb A Dead Heart They are alive but there is no feeling in the heart. Their heart is covered; - Covered with the dunya - Covered with the people of the dunya - Covered with the attachment of the dunya - Covered with the delights of the dunya - Covered with complaining of the dunya - Covered with complaining of the people 4

5 There is no place for other things so the heart is dead. There are no feelings feeling towards what? In order for your heart to be alive and to have feelings it should do it s job. The job of your heart in order to be alive is with the remembrance of Allah subhana wa ta'ala. Remove all the obstacles that can occupy your heart i.e. your anger etc. All that we see, all that we hear, you need to analyze it. If it is something about Allah subhana wa ta'ala, the Pleasure of Allah and makes you close to Allah subhana wa ta'ala, take it; I want it. I am reading, I am seeing Allah subhana wa ta'ala s ayat, I am hearing Allah subhana wa ta'ala ayat s; Take this into your heart. There should be one thing in the heart, either about the dunya or about the akhirah. Either you think about the dunya or you think about the akhirah you can t have both together in the heart. Mayut al qalb is listening to the Qur an, reading the Qur an, but there are no feelings. What do you need to do? You need to make the heart alive. How do you make your heart alive? Istighfar, tawbah, tawbah, tawbah. Make your life very simple. Don t occupy yourself with so many activities, with dunya activities. Parties, party for the party, presents for the party, parties for the wedding etc. Make your life easy. Hayal Qalb wa Murad The Heart is Alive but no Effect The other group is alive, but there is no effect. You do not do what you are supposed to do with the Qur an. For example when you hear the Qur an the heart is softened but then you will go back to your life. You are not doing what you are supposed to with the Quran. You don t take it seriously. You are trying to understand the Quran, to ponder upon the Qur an etc., but you don t feel it. Hayul Qalbi Muntaf a A Heart that is Benefitting You heart is alive and benefitting from the Quran. Why did Allah subhana wa ta'ala give you this heart? In order for it to be filled with Allah subhana wa ta'ala s love; in order for the heart to be filled with the Quran, His Kalam. 5

6 Kalamullah This is Allah subhana wa ta'ala s Attribute. Everybody wants to love Allah subhana wa ta'ala and have the love of Allah subhana wa ta'ala in their heart love His Kalam. Remove from your heart all the things and be busy with the Qur an. This is Kalamullah. If you want to love Allah subhana wa ta'ala you need to go to the Qur an. Muntaf a benefitting and using what Allah subhana wa ta'ala gave you. If you heart is pure, you are purifying your heart this is your duty your heart will never be full with Allah s Kalam. You read one page and it is not enough, you read more, you read two pages, three pages. But if you see yourself hardly reading half a page because you are busy - any phone call comes you leave reading the Qur an, any outing comes you leave reading the Qur an - this is an indicator your heart is not pure. If your heart is pure it will observe and observe, take and take and you feel it is not enough. When you meet the one whom you love, you talk and talk and you never feel full, never feel bored. La illaaha illa Allah if your heart is pure you will never feel the Qur an is enough, you will want more and more to listen and read the Qur an. Chapter (20) sūrat ṭā hā 20:2 We have not sent down the Quran unto you (O Muhammad SAW) to cause you distress, If your heart is pure you will never feel satisfied, you want more and more of the Qur an. make your life smooth. Allah subhana wa ta'ala sent the Qur an. Allah subhana wa ta'ala did not send the Qur an to make you feel miserable. Allah subhana wa ta'ala sent the Qur an to make your life easy, to Allah subhana wa ta'ala revealed the Qur an as a reminder. You will observe the Qur an, the Qur an will penetrate your heart and who is the one who benefits? The one who feels it. Don t you notice sometimes your heart is getting soft and sometimes getting hard? When is your heart soft? When you are afraid. During this time when you are feeling weak your heart observes the Qur an quickly, you are quickly effected by Kalamullah. 6

7 May Allah subhana wa ta'ala purify our hearts. Ameen. I don t want the Qur an to argue against me. I want the Qur an to intercede for me. I don t want the Qur an to be against me. There are people reading the Qur an and this is a lesson for people of the Qur an, not those far away from the Qur an. This is a lesson for people who are reading the Qur an, people who are memorizing the Qur an, people who are attending tafsir classes, people who are doing something with the Qur an. With your Qur an, you need to be very careful, this is not any kalam, this is Kalamullah. For some the Qur an will accompany them, intercede for them; the Qur an will help you; admit you to Paradise; remove a person from Hell. For other people, even though they are doing something with the Qur an, the Qur an will be against them. One ayah can take a person to Paradise One ayah can take a person to Hellfire Not because of the ayah but because of the person. Haq ul Qur an. WHEN WILL THE QUR AN BE WITH YOU OR AGAINST YOU? The Qur an will be with you if you know the Qur an. If you know what is the Qur an, if you magnify the Qur an, the Qur an will be with you. We are building a relationship between us and the Qur an. I want to build that relationship from the beginning; I want the Qur an to be with me on my side. What do you need to know about the Qur an? 7

8 You need to know that it is Kalamullah Allah subhana wa ta'ala spoke by the Qur an with words and sound. Allah subhana wa ta'ala sent Jibril alaihi as-salaam to teach Prophet Muhammad sallallahu alayhi wa sallam the Qur an. How was the Qur an reveled to Prophet Muhammad sallallahu alayhi wa sallam? In parts, like the stars, not as a whole book. The Qur an will guide you to the best. The best among among the books is the Qur an. The Best Book You need to know the Qur an will be on your side. Ulumul Qur an the Science of the Qur an. This is all the information about the Qur an. How Allah subhana wa ta'ala described the Qur an in the Qur an. Allah subhana wa ta'ala describes the Qur an with so many descriptions. The Qur an is light The Qur an is burhan The Qur an is Furqan The Qur an is Al Haq The Qur an is admonition The Qur an is Shifa The Qur an is Huda The Quran is Rahma All of these are names of the Qur an, all of these are descriptions of the Qur an. If you want the Qur an with you, first you need to know what is this Qur an. Qur an = from qara, to recite, something that is recited. The Qur an is a treasure. The Qur an, if you have it, it is as if you have everything. The Qur an will be on your side if you know the Qur an. Chapter (13) sūrat l-raʿd (The Thunder) 13:19 Then is he who knows that what has been revealed to you from your Lord is the truth like one who is blind? They will only be reminded who are people of understanding - You need to recognize and know the Qur an. If you recognize the Qur an, the Qur an will recognize you on the Day of Judgment. The Qur an will be on your side on the Day of Judgment. We are only able to see the Qur an out of Allah subhana wa ta'ala s rahma. If you don t know what is the Qur an 8 The Qur an will argue against you if you don t know what is the Qur an. People memorize the Qur an but they don t know the Qur an or people think Allah subhana wa ta'ala created the Qur an. The Qur an is Kalamullah Allah s Attribute

9 If you don t know about the Qur an If you have the wrong information about the Qur an The Qur an will be against you on the Day of Judgment. It is not important how many verses I memorize It is not important how many surah s I memorize It is not important how many juz I memorize. It is not important if I memorize the whole Qur an or not. 9 The Qur an will be on your side if you memorize the Qur an in your heart. The Qur an will be with you, the Qur an will intercede for you if you memorize the Qur an but not with your brain, but you memorize the Qur an with your heart. What does it mean to memorize with the heart? When you memorize with your heart every ayah of the Qur an has an effect on you. Important is how one ayah affect s you Did one ayah increase your faith? What is the use if you memorize one ayah of the Qur an and you are the same person? What is the use if I memorize the whole Qur an like a parrot? Don t compare yourself to other people. Who said you are memorizing for the people. When we have the wrong intention we don t know why we are doing something. You are not memorizing the kalam of just anybody, you are memorizing Kalamullah. The Qur an will be with you if you memorize the Qur an in the heart. How will the Qur an go to the heart? Only a few sahabah memorized the Qur an. They would not learn the next ayah until they acted upon it. Haq ul Qur an The Qur an has a haq. The Qur an will be with you if you memorize it in your heart the Qur an affects you. If you know this Qur an is Kalamullah, if you magnify Allah subhana wa ta'ala in your heart you will not hasten in the qiratt. You take it as a big responsibility. One ayah is a big responsibility. Chapter (29) sūrat l-ʿankabūt (The Spider) 29:49 Rather, the Qur'an is distinct verses [preserved] within the breasts of those who have been given knowledge. And none reject Our verses except the wrongdoers. Ayat bayyinat Clear Signs.

10 The Qur an will penetrate the heart when you have knowledge of Allah subhana wa ta'ala. You need to know the Qur an otherwise how will you magnify His kalam. Technique First you need to listen & listen & listen to one surah in the same sitting. Then you need to recite & recite & recite to one surah in the same sitting. A Life Project Then do the tafsir. If you jump to the memorization you will quickly forget. Our life project is to memorize the Qur an in the heart. We are not in the project of memorizing the Qur an in the brain. Who said the Qur an is in the brain? Everyone has different a different way of understanding. Don t compare yourself to anybody. Just you and the Qur an, you and Allah subhana wa ta'ala. Allah subhana wa ta'ala will accept from you but people will not be satisfied with what you have memorized. Allah subhana wa ta'ala appreciates even one letter, one alif, so do it for Allah subhana wa ta'ala not for yourself. The Qur an will be against you if you are not doing what you are supposed to do with the Qur an. You are turning your back on the Qur an turning your heart. If I am not memorizing the Qur an with my heart but just with my memory of course I will forget. If you memorize it with your heart and you are dying, you will remember the Qur an on the Day of Judgment. Turning away from the Qur an Turning away from the Qur an is when you don t worry that the Qur an does not go into your heart. If you want to memorize and understand the Qur an, if you want the opening from Allah subhana wa ta'ala, Allah subhana wa ta'ala will open for you. You need to repeat, repeat & repeat until it goes to your heart. It is important to understand the language. Ask Allah subhana wa ta'ala and Allah subhana wa ta'ala will make it happen. Everything is possible but you need a truthful heart, then Allah subhana wa ta'ala will make it easy for you. Chapter (20) sūrat ṭā hā 20:100 Whoever turns away from it (this Quran i.e. does not believe in it, nor acts on its orders), verily, they will bear a heavy burden (of sins) on the Day of Resurrection, 10

11 When you are against the Qur an, the Qur an will be against you on the Day of Judgment. Something not tangible in the dunya will be tangible on the Day of Judgment. The ayat which are not tangible now will be tangible on the Day of Judgment. One ayah will be talking for you on your behalf; One ayah will be against you, talking against you (they are not giving me my haq). A person will memorize Al-Hamdulillah but they are not doing haq of Al-HamduliLlah. A person will memorize: Ihdinas siratal musta-qeem (Show us the straight way) But are you doing something regarding that. You say iyyaka na -budu wa iyyaka nasta een (It is You we worship and You we ask for help) but are you relying on somebody else other than Allah subhana wa ta'ala. Imagine how many ayat will be against us. Rely on Allah subhana wa ta'ala. Iyyaka na -udu wa iyyaka nasta een. We need to be scared but not to despair. Don t be scared to despair, be sacred to seek refuge with Allah subhana wa ta'ala, be scared to run to Allah subhana wa ta'ala, be scared to flee to Allah subhana wa ta'ala. This is what we need. Ask Allah subhana wa ta'ala to help you and Allah subhana wa ta'ala will make it easy for you. Allah al Fattah, Allah subhana wa ta'ala will open for you. When the Qur an is against you, you will be chained and trapped. 11 The Qur an will be with you if you have time to recite. Just you recite. In a day make time for the Qur an. Everybody is different. Do a little but constantly. Ask Allah subhana wa ta'ala to help you, to plan your life. Ya Rabbi, I don t want to finish a day without having a connection with the Qur an. When you have time alone with the Qur an this is a very special meeting. You and the Qur an are alone, close the door, sit and recite. When you recite, recite slightly aloud, then you are reciting and listening at the same time. Some people think they can recite with their eyes, but it is not like this. When you increase your time with the Qur an Allah subhana wa ta'ala will increase the barakah in your time. But when we do other things there is no barakah. When you increase in the Qur an you will see more barakah because you are with the Qur an, this is a special meeting with the Qur an as if Allah subhana wa ta'ala is talking to you. A Special meeting with the Qur an the Most Beloved One. The qalb (heart) is very important if you love Allah subhana wa ta'ala, if you want to be with Allah s kalam and you want Allah subhana wa ta'ala to talk to you.

12 Hadith: Prophet Muhammad sallallahu alayhi wa sallam said Recite the Qur an. But we recite other things rather than the Qur an. When you recite the Qur an you will get the reward and it is as if the Qur an is talking to you. Hadith: I heard the Messenger of Allah (sal Allahu alaihi wa sallam) saying, Read the Quran, for it will come as an intercessor for its reciters on the Day of Resurrection. [Sahih Muslim] So the Qur an will be with you. But don t make it too difficult for yourself. Minimum recite one ayah after each prayer. If you recite one ayah Allah subhana wa ta'ala will appreciate it. Ibn Mas`ud (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (sallallaahu alayhi wa sallam) said, "Whoever recites a letter from the Book of Allah, he will be credited with a good deed, and a good deed gets a ten-fold reward. I do not say that Alif-Lam-Mim is one letter, but Alif is a letter, Lam is a letter and Mim is a letter.'' [At-Tirmidhi]. One letter you recite Allah subhana wa ta'ala will give you ten hasanat. If you say alif, lam, meem, you will get thirty hasanat and Allah subhana wa ta'ala will praise you and Allah subhana wa ta'ala will mention your name and your name will be exalted and mentioned in the seventh heaven this is when I am reciting His Kalam The Aqeedah is very important when you know this is Haq ul Qur an. You need to have some private time with the Qur an. The person of the Qur an: `Abdullah bin `Amr bin Al-`As (May Allah be pleased with them) reported: The Prophet (sallallaahu alayhi wa sallam) said, "The one who was devoted to the Qur'an will be told on the Day of Resurrection: `Recite and ascend (in ranks) as you used to recite when you were in the world. Your rank will be at the last Ayah you recite.''' [Abu Dawud and At-Tirmidhi]. Don t recite the Qur an because you want to finish the Qur an, recite with ihsan, recite the best way, Allah subhana wa ta'ala loves if you beautify your voice with the Qur an. Allah subhana wa ta'ala will give you a nice voice. Recite with no one around you then you will do it only for Allah subhana wa ta'ala. The Qur an will be Against you if you are Forsaking the Qur an. I am not reciting the Qur an. Some people do not recite the Qur an. Don t think too much, do a little but often. After each prayer recite according to your ability. Ask Allah subhana wa ta'ala to make it easy for you, to make the time for you. The more you recite you will see you will come closer to Allah subhana wa ta'ala. Start with one ayah and see how Allah subhana wa ta'ala will bless you and give you and give you from His bounties and blessings. 12

13 There are people forsaking the Qur an, leaving it. In the Qur an Prophet Muhammad sallallahu alayhi wa sallam was talking to Allah subhana wa ta'ala and said My people, they are forsaking Your kalam. Chapter (25) sūrat l-fur'qān (The Criterion) 25:30 And the Messenger has said, "O my Lord, indeed my people have taken this Qur'an as [a thing] abandoned." Today people read other things forsaking the Qur an. Don t say I don t understand the Qur an, at least if you read the Qur an Allah subhana wa ta'ala make it easy for you. The one forsaking the Qur an, the Qur an will be against them on the Day of Judgment. Chapter (20) sūrat ṭā hā 20:124 And whoever turns away from My remembrance - indeed, he will have a depressed life, and We will gather him on the Day of Resurrection blind." A person not reciting the Qur an is considered as not wanting Allah subhana wa ta'ala s remembrance, as if you don t want Allah subhana wa ta'ala to talk to you. Allah subhana wa ta'ala is giving you the Qur an so you should recite it as if Allah subhana wa ta'ala is talking to you. What more do you want? But still people are forsaking the Qur an. Allah subhana wa ta'ala said they will have a life full of hardship. Sometimes we don t know why our life is miserable, we don t know why our life is so complicated. Busy yourself with the Qur an, with Allah s Kalam, with Allah subhana wa ta'ala. When you are with the Qur an you will know more about Allah subhana wa ta'ala. Be with the Qur an. Make the Qur an your companion. Make the Qur an your special friend because this is Kalamullah. People complain there is no time but actually the time for everybody is the same. Increase in the Qur an and see how much Allah subhana wa ta'ala will bless your time, Allah subhana wa ta'ala will make your life easy. Do it for the Sake of Allah. The one who forsakes the Qur an will be resurrected on the Day of Judgment blind. Kalamullah is infront of you and you don t appreciate it. Our mistake is that we don t appreciate. May Allah subhana wa ta'ala make us among the shatireen. Had it not been for Allah subhana wa ta'ala s bounties and blessing we would have been something else. When Allah subhana wa ta'ala put you in this position to see Kalamullah you need to thank Allah subhana wa ta'ala day and night. So many people cannot see Kalamullah. There are people who cannot understand Kalamullah, they can t be with the Qur an. 13

14 But when you say Al-HamduliLlah, I am enjoying, I am listening, I am reciting, I am memorizing, this is the biggest ni amah from Allah subhana wa ta'ala. Allah subhana wa ta'ala will increase for you. The Qur an will be with you If you memorize the Qur an with your heart If you recite the Qur an If you understand the Qur an You need to understand the Qur an word by word, sentence by sentence. Whether you know or don t know Arabic you need to study the Qur an, spend your time with the Qur an. You will not have a full understanding of the Qur an until you fully analyze and understand each word because the Qur an consists of words. Between the words are prepositions you need to know what each one means, what is the root. This will help you to understand the Qur an. We know the Qur an as a whole but we need to go into it comprehensively. If you are reciting the Qur an and you understand it Al-HamduliLlah. This takes time, we are not in a race. People think we need to finish. If you didn t finish but you had a good intention Allah subhana wa ta'ala will give you the reward of finishing the whole Qur an. What is the use of finishing the Qur an and it will be against me. Umar Khattab took 12 years to finish Surat al Baqarah. We need more than double this time. When we take any ayah from the Qur an, may Allah subhana wa ta'ala make it easy, this is a ni amah when you understand, and a bigger ni amah is when the Qur an will be with you on the Day of Judgment. Chapter (2) sūrat l-baqarah (The Cow) 2:21 Those to whom We have given the Book recite it with its true recital. They [are the ones who] believe in it. And whoever disbelieves in it - it is they who are the losers. This is Haq ul Qur an those who have been given the Qur an will give the rights of the Quran to understand it. These are the people who really believe in the Qur an. 14

15 The Qur an will be Against a Person if they Recite the Qur an but have no Understanding. If you don t understand Arabic you have translations. Even if you read, don t read too much, read one ayah with the translation. Qur an. Don t compare yourself to anybody, don t make yourself a burden for anybody i.e. asking how many ayat s they have memorized. You don t have to compete, if you compete your heart jumps to the praise, to the dunya etc. Everybody, individually is with the Chapter (2) sūrat l-baqarah (The Cow) 2:78 And among them are unlettered ones who do not know the Scripture except in wishful thinking, but they are only assuming. ummiyun illiterate. People who don t know the book except just as words. HAQ UL QUR AN The Qur an will be with you To know what is the Qur an - Kalamullah Allah s Attribute When you recite the Qur an When you memorize the Qur an with your heart When you understand the Qur an (incl translation) The Qur an will be against you When you don t know the Qur an When you forsake the Qur an When you don t memorize the Qur an with your heart When you don t understand the Qur an (recite without meaning) InshAllah to be continued 15

16 May Allah make the Qur an intercede for us on the sirattal mustaqeem. Ya Rabbi, increase me in guidance and keep me on the way of guidance until the last moment of my life. This is a transcript of a lecture given by Sister Eman al Obaid. We ask Allah subhana wa ta ala for His forgiveness and His Mercy. Anything that is good from these notes is from Allah subhana wa ta ala. Any mistakes & misrepresentations are my own. I ask Allah subhana wa ta ala for His forgiveness and to put forgiveness in the hearts of those who read them. JazakAllah Khairan. 16