Lecture #1 PRE-HISTORY AND CIVILIZATION A. HUNTER/GATHERER LIFE STYLE. B. DOMESTICATION OF PLANTS AND ANIMALS. C. INCREASING COMPLEXITY- CIVILIZATION.

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1 Lecture #1 PRE-HISTORY AND CIVILIZATION I. HUMAN HISTORY- THE BIG PICTURE. II. THE NEOLITHIC REVOLUTION (c. 12,000 B.C.E.). A. HUNTER/GATHERER LIFE STYLE. B. DOMESTICATION OF PLANTS AND ANIMALS. C. INCREASING COMPLEXITY- CIVILIZATION. III. THEORIES OF THE ORIGIN OF GOVERNMENT (after 12,000 B.C.E.). A. THE MAFIA THEORY. B. THE INSURANCE THEORY. C. THE ENVIRONMENTAL THEORY.

2 Lecture #2 THE MESOPOTAMIAN REGION 3200 to 2334 B.C.E. I. THE SUMERIAN ECONOMY AND SOCIETY. A. THE TIGRIS-EUPHRATES RIVERS. B. THE REDISTRIBUTIVE ECONOMY. II. SUMERIAN POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS. A. KINGS AND CITY STATES. B. CUNEIFORM. C. THE EPIC OF GILGAMESH. III. SUMERIAN RELIGION. A. THE GODS. B. ZIGGURATS. IV. SARGON AND THE AKKADIANS. (c B.C.E.)

3 Lecture #3 OLD KINGDOM EGYPT 2686 to 2181 B.C.E. I. SOCIO-ECONOMIC INSTITUTIONS. A. THE NILE RIVER. B. UPPER AND LOWER EGYPT, 3100 B.C.E. II. POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS. A. THE KING AND THE HORUS. B. MAAT THE BALANCE OF ALL THINGS. III. EGYPTIAN RELIGION. A. THE SOUL AND MUMMIFICATION. B. THE ROLE OF THE PYRAMID. IV. COLLAPSE OF THE OLD KINGDOM, c to 2000 B.C.E.

4 Lecture #4 ANCIENT ATHENS 800 to 500 B.C. E I. A SECOND WAVE CIVILIZATION. A. SHARING IN A SCARCE ECONOMY. B. CITIZENSHIP AND THE TRIBE IN ATHENS. II. SHARING AMONG THE RICHER TRIBES, 800 TO 600 B.C.E. A. THE ARCHONS. B. THE COUNCIL OF AREOPAGUS. III. PROBLEMS WITH THE POORER TRIBES, 700 TO 600 B.C.E. A. UNIQUE IMPORTANCE IN ATHENS. B. DRACO S SOLUTION (621 B.C.E.) IV. ATHENIAN DEMOCRACY, 600 TO 500 B.C.E. A. SOLON AND THE ASSEMBLY (594. B.C.E.). B. CLISTHENES AND THE TEN TRIBES (507 B.C.E.). C. THE BOULE AND THE HELIA.

5 Lecture #5 SPARTA 500 TO 400 B.C.E. I. THE DELIAN LEAGUE AND PERSIA ( B.C.E). II. THIS IS SPARTA. A. PERIOIKOI AND HELOTS. B. THE HOMOIOI AND THE AGOGE. C. EPHOROI AND THE KINGS. III. THE PELOPONNESIAN WARS, B.C.E. A. ATHENS AND SPARTA BECOME RIVALS. B. A WAR OF STALEMATE. C. SYRACUSE AND THE FALL OF ATHENS.

6 Lecture #6 HINDUISM AND ITS CRITICS I. INDUS RIVER AND INDIAN CIVILIZATION. II. HINDU BELIEFS FROM 1000 B.C.E. A. THE CYCLE OF BIRTH/REBIRTH. B. DHARMA AND KARMA. C. THE CASTE SYSTEM. III. CRITIQUES OF HINDU SOCIETY. A. MAHAVIRA (c B.C.E.) AND JAINISM. B. SIDDARTHA GAUTAMA, THE BUDDHA (d. 480s B.C.E.) IV. KING ASHOKA MAURYA, B.C.E.

7 Lecture #7 RELIGION, PHILOSOPHY AND EMPIRE IN CHINA I. THE ZHOU DYNASTY, B.C.E. A. ANCESTRAL WORSHIP AND THE YELLOW RIVER. B. THE MANDATE OF HEAVEN. C. THE WARRING STATES PERIOD, c B.C.E. II. RESTORING THE MANDATE- WHICH WAY? A. MO-TSU, LOVE IS ALL YOU NEED (c B.C.E) B. THE LEGALISM OF HAN FEI-TSU. (d. 233 B.C.E.) C. SHI HUANG-TI, THE CH IN DYNASTY ( B.C.E.) D. KONG FUZI AND CONFUCIANISM ( B.C.E.) E. THE HAN DYNASTY (206 B.C.E. 220 C.E.)

8 Lecture #8 THE ACHAEMENID (PERSIAN) EMPIRE 550 TO 300 B.C.E. I. THE RELIGION OF ZOROASTER (c B.C.E.) A. DEVAS AND AHURAS. B. ORMAZD AND AHRIMAN. C. PARADISE. II. UNITY OF THE EMPIRE. A. RELIGIOUS TOLERANCE. B. KINGSHIP IN PERSIA. C. THE TWENTY SATRAPIES. D. THE EYES & EARS OF DARIUS I ( B.C.E.). E. THE ROYAL ROAD AND PERSIAN MESSENGERS. III. THE FALL OF PERSIA (424 TO 330 B.C.E.) A. ARTAXERXES III (r B.C.E.) AND BOAGOAS. B. ALEXANDER THE GREAT (r.336 TO 323 B.C.E.)

9 Lecture #9 THE ROMAN EMPIRE AND CHRISTIANITY I. ROMAN CULTURAL UNITY IN THE 1ST CENTURY C.E. A. ROMAN EXPANSION. B. JUPITER AND THE CAPITOLINE GODS. C. ROMAN MYSTERY RELIGIONS. II. THE CHALLENGE OF JUDAISM (6 100 CE) A. THE CHALLENGE OF MONOTHEISM. B. JEWISH REVOLT (66 73) B. ST. PAUL (c ) AND THE CHRISTIAN CULT. III. DECLINE OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE. A. TIME OF TROUBLES ( ). B. DIOCLETIAN AND PERSECUTION (r ). B. CONSTANTINE AND UNIFICATION (r ). C. THE EDICT OF MILAN (313). D. THEODOSIUS (r ).

10 Lecture #10 THE ARAB EMPIRE: UNITY AND DIVISION ( C.E.) I. MOHAMMED ( ) AND HIS WORLD. A. CHALLENGE TO THE TRADITIONS OF THE QURAYSH. B. THE HIJRA FROM MECCA. (622 C.E.). II. ISLAM- UNIFYING A CULTURE. A. THE FIVE BELIEFS. B. THE FIVE PILLARS OF THE FAITHFUL. III. ISLAMIC EMPIRES: UMAYYADS. A. THE SUNNI/SHI A SPLIT ( ). B. UMAYYAD CALIPHATE ( ). C. FALL OF THE UMAYYAD CALIPHATE.

11 Lecture #11 THE AZTEC EMPIRE: BLOOD AND FEAR 1300 TO 1519 I. CREATING AN EMPIRE. A. THE VALLEY OF MEXICO AND EARLIER EMPIRES. B. FARMING, TRADE, AND CONQUEST. II. UNIFYING AN EMPIRE. A. FEAR AND THE BLOOD SACRIFICES. B. THE STORY OF QUETZALCOATL AND TEZCATLIPOCA. III. THE FALL OF THE AZTECS, A. A VISIT BY HERNAN CORTES ( ). B. MOCTEZUMA II (r ).

12 Lecture #12 THE SILK ROAD: TOWARDS A WORLD HISTORY I. PROCESS OF GLOBALIZATION BY LAND AND SEA. A. ECONOMIC EFFECTS. B. CULTURAL CHANGE AND DIFFUSION. C. BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS. II. THE SILK ROAD. A. ZHANG QIAN (c B.C.E) AND THE HUNS. B. DIFFICULTIES. C. BENEFITS AND UNINTENDED EFFECTS.

13 Lecture #13 RELIGION AND THE STATE: T ANG DYNASTY CHINA I. THE ERA OF BUDDHISM, 200 TO 700. A. BUDDHISM COMES TO CHINA. B. THE DEVELOPMENT OF MAHAYANA BUDDHISM. 1) PURE LAND BUDDHISM (CHANG-T U) 2) ZEN BUDDHISM (CH AN) II. THE T ANG DYNASTY, A. TAOIST PHILOSOPHY. B. THE DISPOSITION OF ERROR. (c. 5th or 6th Century) C. THE PERSECUTION OF BUDDHISTS UNDER HUICHANG (r ) III. NEO-CONFUCIANISM- THE COMPROMISE.

14 I. THE GEOGRAPHY. II. AKSUM KINGDOM. Lecture #14 RELIGION AND THE STATE IN ETHIOPIA A. HIGH POINT, 400 B.C.E. TO 600 C.E. B. THE AKSUM AND THE RISE OF ISLAM. C. CHAOS AND CRUSADES (1000 TO 1200 C.E.) III. NEGUS GEBRE MESQEL LALIBELA (r. c ). A. THE BIRDS AND THE BEES. B. THE CITY OF ROHA. C. HIS RETIREMENT.

15 Lecture #15 SUB-SAHARAN TRADE AND CULTURE I. BANTU AND CIVILIZATION. A. LATENESS OF SUB-SAHARAN CIVILIZATION. B. THE MIGRATION, (c B.C.E. TO 700 C.E) II. WEST AFRICA AND MALI. A. GOLD AND SALT. B. MANSA MUSA (r ) III. INDIAN OCEAN TRADE AND ZANZIBAR. A. THE EASTERN SLAVE TRADE. B. SWAHILI CULTURE.

16 Lecture #16 MEDITERRANEAN AND BLACK SEA TRADE I. TRADE IN THE NORTHERN BLACK SEA REGION. A. GREEKS, ROMANS, AND VIKINGS. B. KIEV. C. VLADIMIR THE GREAT (r. 980 TO 1015). II. TRADE IN THE MEDITERRANEAN. A. THE CRUSADES THE 11TH AND 12TH CENTURIES. B. ITALIAN TRADING STATES. C. THE RENAISSANCE.

17 Lecture #17 RISE OF THE MONGOLS: CONQUERING THE WORLD I. RESTORING THE SILK ROAD. A. TEMUJIN ( ) AND HIS VISION. B. THE GENGHIS KHAN, C. MUHAMMED II SHAH IN KHWARIZM (r ). II. MONGOL CONQUESTS. A. BATU KHAN AND EASTERN EUROPE, B. MIDDLE EAST, C. CHINA AND KUBLAI KHAN, D. THE FATE OF THE SILK ROAD. E. THE MAMELUKES IN EGYPT. III. THE BLACK DEATH, 1330S 1340s.

18 Lecture #18 THE GREAT EXPEDITIONS OF DISCOVERY: EARLY GLOBALIZATION IN THE 15TH CENTURY I. CHINESE VOYAGES, A. MING RESTORATION. B. ZHENG HE ( ). C. WHAT WERE THEY DOING? II. PORTUGUESE EXPLORATIONS. A. MOTIVATIONS. B. VASCO DE GAMA (c ). C. RESULTS. III. SPANISH EXPEDITIONS A. MOTIVATIONS. B. CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS (c ) C. RESULTS. IV. THE AMERICAS. A. AMERIGO VESPUCCI (c ). B. MARTIN WALDSEEMULLER, 1507.

19 I. JAPAN IN THE 1500S. Lecture #19 TRADE AND ISOLATION: SHOGUN JAPAN A. DAIMYOS, SAMURAI, AND BUSHIDO. B. THE EMPEROR AND THE SHOGUN. II. THE STRUGGLE TO BECOME SHOGUN. A. ODA NOBUNAGA ( ). B. TOYOTOMI HIDEYOSHI ( ). C. THE BATTLE OF SEKIGAHARA, III. TOKAGAWA IEYASU ( ) A. SANKIN KOTAI (1635). B. THE HAN. C. SAKOKU REI (1635).

WORLD HISTORY S1 FINAL EXAM REVIEW GUIDE

NAME: CLASS: WORLD HISTORY S1 FINAL EXAM REVIEW GUIDE Exam date: The final exam will cover material from throughout the first semester. The following is a list of notes that we have discussed in class