1. SALAAH IN THE USUAL MANNER as it is performed at home with the SUNNAH parts at the appointed times (Awqaat).

Transcription

1 1. SALAAH IN THE USUAL MANNER as it is performed at home with the SUNNAH parts at the appointed times (Awqaat). 2. SHORTENED OR QASR SALAAH Allah. says in the Holy Quran: When ye travel through the earth, there is no blame on you if you shorten your prayers" (4:101). On the basis of the above verse permission is granted for a traveller to shorten the obligatory part of SALAAH during a journey once he passes beyond the town's homesteads or boundary by reducing the four RAK'AHS of DHUHR, ASR and ISHAA to two RAK'AHS. This reduction of theprayer -services is known as QASR SALAAH or SHORTENED PRAYER. QASR SALAAH as will be explained below is the best and most commendable method of performing SALAAH when tra velling: all the prayer - services should be performed at their appointed times with the four RAK'AHS of DHUHR, ASR and ISHAA reduced to two RAK'AHS. 3. COMBINED OR JAM SALAAH It is also permissible for a traveller to combine DHUHR with ASR, and MAGHRIB with ISHAA. This combination of pray er services is known as JAM SALAAH or COMBINED PRAYER. JAM SALAAH maybe performed in either of the following ways: (A) COMBINATION IN ADVANCE - JAM'U TAQDIM Combining in advance means 1 / 8

2 a) that DHUHR and ASR may be performed at the time of DHUHR, and b) that MAGHRIB. and ISHAA may be performed at the time of MAGHRIB. (B) DELAYED COMBINATION - JAM'U TA'KHIR Delayed combination means a) that DHUHR and ASR may be performed at the time of ASR, and b) that MAGHRIB and ISHAA may be performed at the time of ISHAA. In JAM SALAAH the four RAK'AHS of DHUHR, ASR and ISHAA may be performed fully or they may be reduced to two R AK' AHS. QASR (SHORTENED) SALAAH THE LENGTH OF THE JOURNEY Minimim distance : 54 miles (87 km) Hanafi 48 miles (77 km) Shafi i, Maliki and Hambali IS SHORTENING OBLIGATORY? NO - Shafi'i while optional, better to shorten. NO Hambali YES Hanafi (waajib) YES - Maliki Holy Prophet (pbuh) always shortened his salaah on journeys WHAT ABOUT SUNNAH SALAAH The Holy Prophet - offered 2 raka ahs before Fajr, and - the 3 raka ahs of Witr - Did NOT offer all other sunnahs QASR DURING A HALT IN JOURNEY Shafi'i and Maliki : The minimum halt for full SALAAH is four days excluding the day of one's arrival and departure. In other words, if one stays at a place for at least four days with an intention to do so, he is to be regarded as a "resident" (MUQEEM) and is required to pray in full from the beginning of his stay. Hanafi: The minimum halt for full SALAAH is fifteen days. 2 / 8

3 According to Imam Shafi'i, if a person is forced by circumstances to halt at a place but intends to leave it at any time, one may continue making QASR up to eighteen days, excluding the day of one's arrival and departure. CONDITIONS (SHUROOT) FOR QASR AND JAM In the light of the above explanations the conditions for short ening and combining prayer services with their respective NIYYAHS may be given as follows: CONDITIONS FOR QASR (SHORTENING) 1. The intent or NIYYAH to perform QASR at the commence ment of SALAAH. NIYYAHS FOR THE QASR PRAYERS a) DHUHR Nawaytu usallee fardaz dhuhr maqsooratan rak 'atayni adaa-an lillaahi ta-'aalaa I hereby resolve to pray the FARD of DHUHR in a shortened form in two RAK' AHS within the appoin ted time for the sake of Allah, the Most High. b) ASR Nawaytu usallee fardal 'asr maqsoo-ratan rak-'atayni adaa-an lillaahi ta-'aalaa I hereby resolve to pray the FARD of ASR in a shortened form in two RAK'AHS within the appointed time for the sake of Allah, the Most High. c) ISHAA Nawaytu usallee fardal- 'ishaa * maq,soo-ratan rak-' atayni adaa-an lillaahi ta-' aalaa I hereby resolve to pray the FARD of ISHAA in a shortened form in two RAK' AH S within the appointed time for the sake of Allah, the Most High. 2. The minimum distance of the journey should be 48 miles (77km). 3. The journey should be for some lawful purpose. 4. The journey should continue throughout the duration of the prayer service. 5. The traveller should have passed beyond the town's home steads or boundaries. 6. He should not take as prayer-leader anyone who is igno rant about his journey, nor someone who is completing prayers previously missed. 1. One should begin with the first prayer service. In com bining DHUHR with ASR, one should 3 / 8

4 first perform DHUHR; and in combining MAGHRIB with ISHAA, one should first perform MAGHRIB. 2. In beginning with the first prayer service, one should formulate the NIYYAH to combine with it. (see table) NIYYAHS FOR THE JAM'U TAQDIM PRAYERS Combining Dhuhr with Asr Dhuhr Na way tu u sal lee far daz Dhuhr * maq soo ra tan rak 'a tay ni maj moo 'a tan ma 'al 'asri jam 'a taq dee mun adaa an lil laa hi ta 'aa laa - I hereby resolve to pray the fard of DHUHR in a shortened form in two RAK'AHS as a combined service in advance with ASR, within the appointed time for the sake of Allah, the Most High. Asr Na way tu u sal lee far dal asri maq soo ra tan rak 'a tay ni a daa-an lil laa hi ta-'aa laa I hereby resolve to pray the FARD of ASR in a shortened form in two RAK' AH S within the ap-pointed time for the sake of Allah, the Most High Combining Magrib with Eshaa Magrib Na way tu u sal lee far dal maghrib, tha laa tha ra ka 'aa tin maj moo 'a tan ma 'al 'ishaa-i jam 'a taq dee mi a daa an lil laa hi ta 'aa laa I hereby resolve to pray the three RAK'AHS of the FARD of MAGHRIB as a combined ser vice in advance with ISHAA within the ap pointed time for the sake of Allah, the Most High. Eshaa Na way tu u sal lee far dal ishaa-i maq soo ra tan rak 'a tay ni adaa-an lil laa hi ta 'aa laa -I hereby resolve to pray the FARD of I SHAA in a shortened form in two R AK' AHS within the appointed time for the sake of Allah, the Most High. CONDITIONS FOR JAM'U TAQDIM (COMBINING IN ADVANCE) COMBINING DHUHR WITH ASR DHUHR Nawaytu usallee fardaz DHUHR *maqsoo-ratan rak 'atayni majmoo-'atan ma 'al 'asri jam-'a taqdee mun adaa-an lillaahi ta 'aalaa I hereby resolve to pray the FARD of DHUHR in a shortened form in two RAK'AHS as a combined service in advance with ASR, within the appointed time for the sake of Allah, the Most High. 4 / 8

5 ASR Nawaytuusallee fardal asri maqsooratan rak-'atayni adaa-an lillaahi ta-'aa laa I hereby resolve to pray the FARD of ASR in a shortened form in two RAK' AH S within the ap pointed time for the sake of Allah, the Most High COMBINING MAGHRIB WITH ISHAA MAGHRIB Nawaytu usallee fardal maghrib ~thalaatha ra ka-'aa-tin majmoo-'a tan ma-'al 'ishaa-i jam-'a taqdeemi adaa an lillaahi ta-' aalaa. I hereby resolve to pray the three RAK'AHS of the FARD of MAGHRIB as a combined ser vice in advance with ISHAA within the ap pointed time for the sake of Allah, the Most High. ISHAA Nawaytu usallee fardal ishaa-i maqsooratan rak-'atayni adaa-an lillaahi ta-'aalaa I hereby resolve to pray the FARD of I SHAA in a shortened form in two R AK' AHS within the appointed time for the sake of Allah, the Most High. 3. The prayer services should be performed continuously allowing for no break between them: no SUNNAH prayers should be offered between the FARD prayers. Immediately after the completion of the first prayer service one should deliver the IQAAMAH and perform the second prayer service. 4. The journey should continue till the completion of the two prayer services. CONDITIONS FOR JAM'U TA'KHIR (DELAYED COMBINATION) 1. The NIYYAH to delay in performing the respective salaah at its APPOINTED TIME should be made at this time. If one wants to delay the performance of DHUHR in order to combine it with ASR, one should make one's intent at the time of DHUHR to delay the performance of that particular prayer. The same applies to the delayed combination of MAGHRIB with ISHAA. The NIYYAH to delay the performance of MAGH RIB in order to combine it with ISHAA should be made at the time of MAGHRIB. Failure to make intent to delay the performance of DHUHR or MAGHRIB at the time of these prayer services would amount to a transgression and render these prayers QADAA AN, i.e. postponed prayers. It is SUNNAH to begin the JAM'U TA'KHIR prayers by performing the prayers in their normal order: DHUHR should precede ASR, and MAGHRIB should precede ISHAA. 2. The journey should continue till the completion of the two prayer services. 5 / 8

6 NIYYAHS FOR THE JAM'U TA'KHIR PRAYERS. Combining Dhuhr with Asr Dhuhr Na way tu u sal lee far dath Dhuhr maq soo ra tan rak ' a tay ni maj moo 'atan ma 'al asr adaa an lil laa hi ta-'aa laa I hereby resolve to pray the FARD of DHUHR in a shortened form in two RAK'AHS as a delayed com bined service with ASR within the appointed time for the sake of Allah, the Most High. ASR Na way tu u sal lee far dal asr maq soo ra tan rak 'a tay ni adaa-an lil laa hi ta aa laa I hereby resolve to pray the FARD of ASR in a shortened form in two RAK' AH S within the ap-pointed time for the sake of Allah, the Most High. Combining Magrib with Eshaa Magrib Na way tu u sal lee far dal maghrib * tha laa tha rak 'aa tin maj moo 'a tan ma 'al 'ishaa-i jam u ta jee ri a daa-an lillaahi ta-' aa laa I hereby resolve to pray the three RAK'AHS FARD of MAGHRIB as a delayed combined service with ISHAA within the appointed time for the sake of Allah, the Most High ESHAA Na way tu u sal lee far dal 'ishaa maq soo ra tan rak-'a tay ni adaa an lil laa hi ta 'aa laa I hereby resolve to pray the FARD of ISHAA in a shortened form in two RAK' AHS within the appointed time for the sake of Allah, the Most High COMBINING DHUHR WITH ASR DHUHR Nawaytu usallee fardaz DHUHR *maqsooratan rak ' atayni majmoo-'atan ma 'al asr adaa-an lillaahi ta-'aalaa I hereby resolve to pray the FARD of DHUHR in a shortened form in two RAK'AHS as a delayed com bined service with ASR within the appointed time for the sake of Allah, the Most High. ASR Nawaytu usallee fardal asr maqsooratan rak-'atayni adaa-an lillaahi ta- aalaa I hereby resolve to pray the FARD of ASR in a shortened form in two RAK' AH S within the ap pointed time for the sake of Allah, the Most High. COMBINING MAGHRIB WITH ISHAA MAGHRIB 6 / 8

7 Nawaytu usallee fardal maghrib * thalaa-tha rak-'aatin majmoo-'a tan ma-'al'ishaa-i a daa-an lillaahi ta-' aa laa I hereby resolve to pray the three RAK'AHS FARD of MAGHRIB as a delayed combined service with ISHAA within the appointed time for the sake of Allah, the Most High. ISHAA Nawaytu usallee fardal 'ishaa * maqsooratan rak-'atayni adaa-an lillaahi ta-'aalaa. I hereby resolve to pray the FARD of ISHAA in a shortened form in two RAK' AHS within the appointed time for the sake of Allah, the Most High. The Mode of Salaah of Women The mode of SALAAH of women is the same as that of men except for a few differences which are as follows: 1. A woman should cover her entire body, including her hair and feet, barring her face and her hands up to the wrists with any material that is not transparent. 2. At the TAKBIRAT-UL-IHRAAM men raise their hands up to their ears but women should raise their hands up to their shoulders. 3. In the QIYAAM men should place the right palm over the back of the left hand below the chest but women should fold them on their chest. 4. In the RUKOO men should bow in such a manner that their head, back and haunches form a straight line, but women should bend only to the extent that their hands reach their knees. 5. In the RUKOO men should keep their fingers apart on their knees but women should keep their fingers close to each other. 6. In the RUKOO the men should keep their arms away from the sides and their feet slightly apart, but the arms of the women should rest on the sides and the feet should be kept close to each other in such a way that the ankles touch each other. 7. In the SUJOOD the men should keep their arms, abdomen and thighs separated from each other and their elbows higher than the ground, but the women should keep their arms, abdomen and thighs close to each other, their arms resting on the ground. 8.In the SUJOOD the men should keep their feet standing on toes but not the women. 9. In the JALSAH the men sit on their left foot and keep their right foot erect but the women should place the left half of the buttocks on the ground and the right half, resting on the feet. 7 / 8

8 The feet should face to the right, the arms should rest on the thighs and the palms should be placed near the knee-caps. 10. Women are not allowed to recite the Quran or Takbir loudly in any case but should do it in a lower tone. 8 / 8