All praise is due to Allah, the Exalted who has praised knowledge and raised the status of its people. As Allah says in the Quran:

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1 The Key to Paradise: An Explanation of the Shahadah - Lecture 1 Introduction: A discourse on knowledge All praise is due to Allah, the Exalted who has praised knowledge and raised the status of its people. As Allah says in the Quran: Allah will raise the status of those who have emaan and those that have knowledge amongst you. It is through knowledge that the superiority of Adam, our father, was shown over the angels, as Allah says: Allah taught Adam the names of all things... It was through knowledge that the status of our own Prophet, the Prophet Muhammad (sws) was established. As Allah, the Exalted states: Allah has revealed the book and the wisdom and has taught you that which you do not know and it is because of this... (need the rest) It is so great, the status of knowledge that Allah testifies on their behalf, as Allah says: Allah testifies that there is no object worthy of worship except Himself and the angels and the peopled of knowledge standing for justice... And this verse is the greatest verse praising the people of knowledge because Allah, the Exalted testifies for them, without them having to say anything and when Allah testifies for them, what does this show you about them? He testifies for them regarding the most important kalima, La illah illa Allah and describes them as standing with justice. So, Allah began with Himself, that Allah testifies and then He said (that) the angels testify and then He followed that up with the people of knowledge - they also testify. And this is enough of a tazkiyyah, enough of a means of purifying and showing the status of the people of knowledge.

2 It is the people of knowledge who truly understand the Qur an. As Allah says: These are the parables that we give to people but nobody understands them, except the people of knowledge It is the people of knowledge who truly fear Allah, the Exalted and no one can fear Allah and have the true taqwa except for the alim, as Allah says in the Qur an: Verily the people who truly fear Allah, from amongst my slaves are the people of knowledge. Therefore, it comes as no surprise that this is the only subject; it is the only matter that the Prophet (sws) has been commanded to ask Allah to increase him in: And say: My Lord, increase me in knowledge. Knowledge is a sign, it is an indication, that Allah, the Exalted is pleased with a person. Whoever Allah wishes good for, He gives him an understanding of the deen. (Hadith) The scholars are the inheritors of the Prophets because they collectively take on the status of the Prophets. It is the Prophets who tell the people what to do, when to do it and how to do it but we will not have any more Prophets, so who will take on this status? Even though they cannot take on the blessings and cannot take on the responsibility, but there will be a collective group of people who will take on the status of guiding the ummah and it is the scholars who take on this status, as the Prophet (sws) said, The scholars are the inheritors of the Prophets And in one long hadith, He (sws) stated, in sunan at-tirmmidi, as is narrated, that whoever takes a path seeking knowledge through it, he travels through the earth, whether it be a long distance or a small distance, it doesn t matter, if you leave your house wanting to learn some knowledge, then Allah will make the path to jannah easy for him.

3 And then He said that the malaika (angels) come down and they lower their wings upon the student of knowledge, out of happiness, out of pleasure for what he is doing. And the scholars state that the meaning of this is that the angels are flying around, looking for good people (and) when they find the student of knowledge, they stop flying and they accompany him and they lower their wings of mercy over him and they wish to benefit from him, so that is why they stay with him. Because, the very presence of the angels is a blessing. When the angels are there, Allah s sakina (tranquility) and Allah s rahmah (mercy) comes down. So when they find the student of knowledge, the Prophet (sws) said that they lower their wings, meaning that they stop flying and they accompany this student of knowledge out of pleasure for what he seeks. And then the Prophet (sws) said that every single object, in the heavens and in the earth, even the ant, in its ant hole and the fish in the sea, they pray to Allah to bless the person who teaches mankind, good. And then He (sws) said, and this is one hadith, all of it is the same hadith, and then He (sws) said that the blessings and the superiority of the alim (scholar) over the abid (worshipper) is like the superiority of the full moon over the stars. The full moon, look at it, over the stars, this is the superiority that an alim has over a worshipper. The reason is for this that the worshipper, the one fasts and prays and gives zakat and this and that, he only benefits himself. But, it is the alim, that he teaches mankind good and he benefits the entire ummah through his knowledge. Therefore, his superiority is like the moon. Do you know that the full moon is so bright that you can see in the middle of the night with the full moon, it is that bright? Yet all the stars combined, they cannot show you any light. So the alim shows his light to the people and he benefits the people in this way but the abid, the worshipper, he does not show light to anyone, he only benefits himself. And then the Prophet (sws) went on and He said that the ulema (scholars) are the inheritors of the Prophets, for the Prophets did not leave behind gold and silver to be inherited, rather they left behind knowledge. So whoever has taken this knowledge, has taken a very large quantity of good. This is the ulema (scholars). They take on the status, meaning they guide the people. They tell them what to do, when to do it and how to do it. So therefore, they are the inheritors of the

4 Prophets. And when you are inheriting from the Prophet (sws), then who will be richer than you? Who will be richer than you, when you inherit directly from the Prophet (sws)? (8:15) But realize, brothers and sisters, that the knowledge that is praised in the Quran and the Sunnah is the knowledge of Islam. It is the knowledge of Islam, of shariah, of aqidah, of tawheed, of fiqh, primarily. And this is because the Prophet (sws) stated, Whoever Allah wants good for, he gives him a knowledge of the deen (an understanding of this religion) In another authentic narration, the Prophet (sws) said, that Allah, the Exalted hates every person who is knowledgeable of this world but ignorant of the hereafter. Therefore, my dear brothers and sisters, it behooves us to start learning our religion, to start studying these sciences of Islam, that everyone of us should go out of his way, should take a path, traverse on a journey, even if it is from his house to the masjid, whatever the journey might be, to make it a regular habit, to be with the people of knowledge, to increase in your knowledge, to read the books of the people of knowledge, to listen to the cassettes of the people of knowledge, in order that we, ourselves can attain the blessings that are mentioned in this hadith. Without a doubt, the greatest knowledge, and the most noble of all sciences, is the knowledge of Allah, the Exalted and His rights upon us and His Names and Attributes. It is the knowledge of Tawheed. As Allah, the Exalted describes in the Qur an: This is how We have inspired you with a spirit from Us Allah describes the Qur an as a spirit because this is the book that brings the knowledge of who Allah is. It brings us the knowledge of Allah wants us to do; it brings the knowledge of His Names and Attributes. Therefore, it is the spirit; it is the life that we need. Without this knowledge we are dead. Without this knowledge we do not have a spiritual life, even if we eat

5 and drink and we are walking on the face of this earth. Spiritually if we do not have this knowledge, we are dead. As Allah says, This is how We have inspired you with a spirit from Us. You did not know what the Book was, you did not know Emaan, but We have made it a shining light for you and by this light We guide whom we will. So, Allah has called this knowledge, has called the Qur an which brings this knowledge, the life and He has called it the light. So this knowledge is the light that guides us from the darkness of shirk, the darkness of kufr, the darkness of our desires to the light of the worship of Allah. This knowledge is the life that brings us real spiritual knowledge, such that even if our bodies die, our souls are alive and we will have an eternal life in the hereafter. If our souls are alive with the life of Islam, the life of emaan, the life of tawheed. In another verse, Allah, the Exalted says: Give the example of the one who was dead and We gave him life, We resurrected him The analogy here is not to the one who is physically dead, and then he was resurrected from the grave. No! What is being referred to be the one who is spiritually dead, who did not believe in Allah, who did not worship Allah? We gave him life by guiding him to Islam, by guiding him to the worship of Allah. and We gave him a light, the light of emaan, the light of knowledge and he walks amongst people with this light is his example the same as the one who is in darkness, never going to leave it? The one who has emaan, the one who has knowledge, the one who has the life of Islam, is the equivalent to the one who is in the darkness, wandering around. The one who is in the dark will never find his way out; will never know how to get from one place to the other. So, he is wandering in circles, aimlessly and this is exactly what the kufar (disbelievers) do, those that do

6 not have the life in their hearts. They do not have a purpose; they do not have a goal in life. They eat and they drink and they are married just like the animals are as Allah says in the Qur an. So they wander around aimlessly in their desires, never having a final goal. Is he equivalent, this kafir (disbeliever), to the one that has the final goal, he has the light to guide him and he has the life by which he can use this light. By Allah, they are not the same, as Allah, the Exalted, Himself says. Definition of Tawheed So, my dear brothers and sisters, with this brief introduction about the blessings of knowledge and particular the blessings of tawheed and the blessings of emaan, we now embark on a series of small journeys, if you like, in our path to study this knowledge. The knowledge of tawheed, the knowledge of aqeedah, the knowledge of our kalima, la illaha illallah, Muhammad ar-rasoolullah and what does it mean and what are the implications of this kalima. As we know, this kalima is called kalima at-tawheed. So, what exactly is tawheed? We have to define tawheed before we start talking about the kalima. Tawheed is from the root, wa ha da (insert ARABIC here), which means, to ascribe unity to something. Wa ha da means he ascribed unity to something, he made something into one and when applied in Islamic sciences, it means to unify Allah, the Exalted, in His Lordship and in His Names and Attributes and in His right to be worshipped, these three aspects. The unity of Allah, the Exalted, in 1. His Lordship and in 2. His Names and Attributes and in 3. His right to be worshipped. And these tripartite divisions, meaning the three divisions of tawheed are clearly found in the Qur an and in the Sunnah. In fact, when we open up the Qur an, surah al Fatiha, it gives us these three types of tawheed. Alhamdulillah RUBBil alimeen, Tawheed ar - Rubbubiyyah, Allah is the LORD of the worlds

7 Ar-Rahmani Ar-Raheem, Maliki Yaumid deen, He is describing Himself, who is he, the Tawheed of His Names and His Attributes Ieya ka Na budu, wa ieya ka nasta een, You alone do we worship and You alone are the One whose help we seek. This is the Tawheed of worship. So, within these first three, four verses of the Qur an Allah clearly lies out for are, implicitly, the three types of tawheed: Tawheed ar-rubbuiyyah that is there is only one Lord, only one creator, only one sustainer. Tawheed al Asma wa Sifaat, that all of His Names and Attributes are unique and are names and attributes of perfection and Tawheed al Ulloohiyyah that only Allah, the Exalted deserves to be worshipped and no other deity deserves worship except Him. Likewise, this term is clearly mentioned in the Sunnah. In more than a dozen Ahadith, the word Tawheed or it s root is mentioned. And the most famous one being, the hadith of Muadh, when the Prophet (sws) sent Muadh to Yemen and He (sws) said that you are going to come to a people of the book, so let the first thing you call them to be, tawheed. Likewise in the hadith of Jabir, which is narrated in Sahih Muslim, that he said that the Prophet (sws) declared the tawheed, meaning he declared the kalima, he declared labayk Allahumma labayk. And it is because of this that the term tawheed has always been in existence. If we even look at Sahih al Bukhari, we find the last chapter entitled, Kitab at-tawheed. Likewise, books were written on this topic with the title Kitab at Tawheed. There was a scholar by the name of Ibn Khuzayma, who died 311 hijri, and he entitled his book, Kitab at Tawheed. Likewise, Ibn Manda, who died 395, he titled his book Kitab at Tawheed. So, those people who claim that this title was invented in the 7th or 8th century or in the 12th century, they have no idea what they are talking about. This term is clearly found in the Sunnah, in more than a dozen ahadith, this term. Likewise the scholars of the past used this term frequently. All you have to do is open up Sahih al Bukhari and you find this term being used. So this is a refutation for those who claim that the term tawheed in an innovation, invented by some later scholar. We have now defined tawheed. Let us now talk about the blessings of tawheed, the blessings of this kalima, la illah illallah, which is the essence of tawheed.

8 The Blessings of Tawheed There are many, many blessings of tawheed and in fact it is true to say that we cannot even enumerating them, there are so many. We will summarize these blessings, by mentioning ten of them. The first blessing of the kalima and of tawheed is that it is because of tawheed that Allah, the Exalted, created us. As Allah says in the Qur an: I have only created man and jinn to worship Me Allah has negated any other purpose of creation; there is no purpose of creation, except for the pure worship of Allah. And that is why when we open up the Qur an and we start reciting it, the first commandment we find is what? O Mankind! Worship your Lord, who created you and created those before you So can there be anything more important than the very purpose of our existence? This is the first blessing of Tawheed. The second blessing of tawheed and the second matter that shows you its status and its importance, is the fact that it is because of tawheed that Allah, the Exalted sent the Prophets and He revealed the books. This is the only reason He did this. and We have sent in every single nation a messenger, so that they worship Allah and they avoid taught (all false deities) In another verse, We have not sent before you any prophet except that We inspired him, la illah illa huwa

9 This kalima is the reason why Allah sent the Prophets and it is the reason why he revealed the books as well. It was the same message of all the prophets, as Allah says in the Qur an that every single prophet, from Nuh, to Saleh to Shuaib that they said, Worship Allah, you have no god besides Him The third matter which shows you the blessings and importance of this topic of tawheed is that this kalima of la illaha illallah is the weightiest matter in the scales. There is nothing that is heavier than it. In an authentic hadith, Musa (as) asks Allah, he says, O Allah teach me a phrase that I can worship you by. So, Allah, the Exalted says, O Musa, say La illaha illallah. Musa says, O Allah, all of your creation is saying this (in other words he wants something specific, he wants something special, he wants something above La illaha illallah since everyone is saying and it is something common). So, Allah, the Exalted responds, O Musa, if everything in the heavens and everything that is on the earths and all that is in them, if they were put on one side of the scale, and la illaha illallah was placed on the other side, la illaha illallah would outweigh the other side. Showing you the importance and the status of the simple kalima of la illaha illallah. The fourth matter which shows you the importance of this kalima is that it is because of this kalima that the Muslim is differentiated from the kafir, that the inhabitant of jannah is differentiated from the inhabitant of the fire of hell. As Allah says in the Qur an: Oh you, who believe, believe in Allah and His messenger and in the day of judgment and that which has been revealed to the Prophet, and that which has been revealed to those before him. And whoever disbelieves in Allah and the angels and the books and the day of judgment is the one who has gone astray There are only two categories of people, the mu min or Muslim and the kafir. And what is the basis of differentiation? Allegiance to la illah illallah. In fact, la illaha illallah is the height of emaan, as the Prophet (sws) said that emaan is composed of 73 odd branches, the highest of it, the highest branch, is the statement of la illaha illallah. So, la illaha illallah enters you into emaan, the lowest of emaan and then perfection to it causes you to be raised to the height of emaan. It is only through la illaha illallah, an allegiance to la

10 illaha illallah and following la illah illallah and implementing la illah illallah that you rise in the ranks of emaan. Why? Because the kafir, how does he accept Islam? By la illah illallah. So that is lowest level and yet the Prophet (sws) is saying is that is highest level as well. Meaning that the one thing that is common between the highest and the lowest, the one ladder that you can use to climb it, is your allegiance to, your implementation of la illah illallah. The fifth matter which shows you the blessings of this kalima and of tawheed is that this is the only path that one can take if he wishes to achieve success and happiness in this life and in the hereafter. To live a contented, a peaceful, a serene life, in this world before the life of the hereafter, the only way to do so is through tawheed. It will not be through money, nor status, nor fame, nor power, nor riches, nor wealth, nor women, nor family, nothing will give the satisfaction of the heart like tawheed will give. Whoever turns away from remembering Me, then he will live a difficult life Whoever turns away from worshipping Me, he will not attain happiness in this life. As Allah says in another verse: Verily, in the remembrance of Allah will the hearts find peace and tranquility. The only way that tranquility will be achieved in this life is through following Allah, worshipping Allah, loving Allah, obeying Allah, and this is only way that a person will live successfully, happily in this life, before the life of the hereafter. The sixth blessing of tawheed is that this is the first matter that the Prophet (sws) and in fact, Allah, the Exalted both have commanded us to call to. There is nothing that we should call to when we are calling to Islam before tawheed. As the Prophet (sws) said to Muadh ibn Jabal, as we quoted before, that when he (sws) sent him to Yemen, he said, Oh Muadh, let the first thing you call them to be, tawheed. And Muadh ibn Jabal is one of the greatest scholars of the sahabah and one of the most beloved to the Prophet (sws), so much so that he told Muadh, Oh Muadh, I love you for the sake of Allah

11 And when he is sending him to Yemen, to be the governor of Yemen, he instructs him with some jewels of wisdom and the first jewel that he gives him, Let the first thing you call them to be, tawheed of Allah, that they believe in la illah illallah. And this is the call of the Qur an as well, that the first commandment of the Qur an, as we know, Oh mankind, worship your lord who created you and those before you... The seventh matter which shows you the importance of this concept of tawheed, is that this is the right that Allah, the Exalted has over us. In the famous hadith, also another hadith of Muadh, where the Prophet (sws) was riding with Muadh ibn Jabal, together on the same donkey, he (sws) said, Oh Muadh, do you know what the right of Allah is over His servant? And Muadh, out of his modesty replied, Allah and His Messenger know best. So the Prophet (sws) said, Oh Muadh, the right of Allah over His servant is that they worship Him alone and do not associate partners with Him. This is the right that Allah has over us. Allah, the Exalted has many rights but by singling out this one, the Prophet (sws) is telling us that this is the first and final commandment, the primary commandment that worship Allah alone and worship nothing besides Him. And then he (sws) said, Do you know what the right of the servant is over Allah? and this is a right that is not something that we can claim but Allah has given it to us, it is a blessing from Allah that He has given us this right, it is not something that we deserve, or we owe or we own, it is something that Allah has given us from His blessings, that if we do this, like the Prophet (sws) said, that if we worship Him alone, then He will not punish us. And this is enough of a blessing to show you the importance of this concept of tawheed. The eighth matter which shows you the importance of tawheed, is that it is through tawheed that a person enters jannah. As the Prophet (sws) said, whoever s last word was LLL, will enter jannah Whoever said at the end of his life, right before death comes to him, LLL will enter jannah. And a person who does not have this statement, LLL and he never said it, then of course, he will never be able to (enter) jannah. But out of Allah s blessings if someone makes it a habit of saying it all the time, then it is a Sunnah of Allah that when a person dies, (he dies) loving and saying that which was beloved to him in his life. So, if a person made LLL something beloved to him, then Insha Allah before he dies, Allah, the Exalted will give him the power and

12 the capability, to say it before the angel of death comes and because of this Allah, the Exalted will cause him to enter jannah. The ninth blessing of tawheed and of this kalima, is that it forgives all sins and it prevents a person from entering the fire of hell. The Prophet (sws) said that whoever testifies LLL la sharika la hu wa Muhammad abdaho wa rasoolaho and that Iesa if the messenger of Allah and His word that He gave to Maryam and a spirit from Him, and that jannah is true and that an-nar is true, then Allah will cause him to enter jannah, no matter what he has done. As long as he was pure and sincere to these simple fundamentals, of LLL MR, and he didn t go to the extremes of the Christians or the Jews and he said that Iesa is also a messenger of Allah and the son of Maryam, and a spirit proceeding from Him, and he believes in jannah and nar, Allah will cause him to enter jannah, no matter what he has done. In another hadith, the Prophet (sws) said, There was a man from the people before you from the children of Israel, he never did any good, except for tawheed Notice the Prophet (sws) used this word tawheed, so it cannot be an invention of a 7th century scholar. Here it is in the Musnad of Imam Ahmed where the Prophet (sws) clearly says, He didn t do any good, except tawheed, he uses the word tawheed, as it is, tawheed. and then he narrated the story and he (sws) said (that) when death came to him, he said to his family, that when I die, I want you to burn my body and then to take the ashes, and throw them in the sand on a very windy day (not just on any day). So when he died, his children and his family members did what he wanted them to do. So, Allah told His angels to go and collect his ashes from the left and from the right and from the east and from the west and Allah resurrected him and He said, Oh son of Adam, why did you do what you did? He said, Oh my lord, out of a fear for you, I was scared that if you resurrected me, that you would punish me. So, Allah, the Exalted says that because of this, because of this fear, I have forgiven you and then the Prophets (sws) emphasized that he didn t do any good except tawheed. Once again he emphasized it at the end of the hadith, He never did any good, except for tawheed. In another hadith that also proves this and this is hadith known as the hadith of the bithaqa, the hadith of the card. The Prophet (sws) said that there will be a person from my ummah, on the day of judgment, he will be called out in front of everyone, everyone will see him and his good deeds and his bad deeds will be brought forth, 99 scrolls of bad deeds! and they will be

13 placed on the left hand of the scale. As far as he is able to see, he will see these scrolls. So Allah, the Exalted will ask him, Oh my servant, do you deny any of this that you see in front of you? So the servant will lower his head and say, No my Lord, I do not deny it. Then Allah, the Exalted will say, have My servants (meaning the angels), have they done you any injustice, have they wronged you, have they done something they shouldn t have done, have they written something they shouldn t have written? He will respond, No my Lord, they have not. So then Allah will ask him, Do you have any good deed to show, these are your evil deeds, do you have any good deed to show? He will say out of shame, No my Lord, I have no good deed to show. So Allah, the Exalted with say, No, you do have a good deed and today you will not be shown any injustice. And then one card, bithaqa, will be brought out and on it will be written, LLL and it will be placed on the right hand of the scale. So the man will say, Oh my Lord, of what use will this one card against the 99 scrolls, 99 books? So Allah, the Exalted will say, This is your good deed and today you will not be shown any injustice. Today, you will receive the exact reward of your good and your evil together And when that card will be placed on the right hand of the scale, the left side will go flying up and the right side will go down. The weight of LLL. A person who practices LLL, believes in it, perfects it, it will destroy all of his sins. It will forgive all of his sins, as this hadith of the bithaqa shows. But this is only the one who fulfills its conditions, who understood it, who practiced it. The final blessing that we will mention and we cannot say this is the final blessing because there are too many blessings of this kalima. The final blessing which makes us realize the importance of this concept of tawheed is by realizing the dangers of the opposite of tawheed, which is shirk. By appreciating how dangerous the opposite of tawheed is, we automatically understand how beautiful and how important and how noble the concept of tawheed is. And the opposite of tawheed is shirk, or associating partners with Allah and the sins and the dangers of shirk are so many! Of them is that this is the only unforgivable sin. As Allah says twice in the Quran, Allah will not forgive the shirk we have done with Him. And He will forgive anything we have done besides this. Anything else below shirk, it is possible Allah will forgive it. As for the sin of shirk, it will not be forgiven. So these are ten blessings of tawheed that I have mentioned and as we said they cannot be enumerated and complete, complete because they are more than can be mentioned. What can be more important than the purpose

14 of creation? what can be more important than the reason why Allah sent prophets and revealed the books? What can be more important than that what differentiates a Muslim from a kaafir the person of a jannah from a person of naar? It is therefore no surprise that the Prophet (pbuh) said: The best thing that I have said and all the prophets before me I bear witness and testify He is alone having no partners, to Him belongs the kingdom, to Him belongs all praise and He is capable of all things. This one kalima, kalima of tawheed, is the best, the most blessed and most noble speech that all the prophets have ever said. It is therefore no surprise to find that the entire Quran is nothing but a call to tawheed. Every single verse in the Quran is nothing except a call to tawheed. As Ibn al-qayyim mentions all the verses in the Quran can be categorized as one of five categories. The first category is of those verses which describe Allah and His names and attributes, and this is the essence of tawheed who Allah is e.g. Surah-al-Ikhlas. Why is this surah equivalent to one-third of the Quran, even though its only of three or four verses, it s because it talks about one-third of tawheed. Tawheed of Allah and His attributes. This one surah is equivalent to one-third of the Quran is because is summarizes for you who our Lord is. This is the first category of verses. The second category is those verses which direct us to worship Allah alone, and this is tawheed al-uloohiyyah. For example, surah-al-ikhlas and its entirety: O disbelievers, I do not worship what you worship. Nor are you worshippers of what I worship. Nor will I be a worshipper of what you worship. Nor will you be worshippers of what I worship. For you is your religion, and for me is my religion. [Surah Kafirun] Clear cut differentiation. These are the verses which command mankind to worship Allah alone and only Allah. This is the second category and this is tawheed tawheed al-uloohiyyah. The third category is those verses which describe the Sharri'aah the halaal and haraam and this is the perfection of tawheed. How do you worship Allah? What do you do to please Allah? Do this, do not do this, pray five times a day, avoid this and this All of the verses which have

15 the commandments of the Sharri'aah are the fikri verses if you like. They are manifestation of tawheed because they tell you what to do and how to worship Allah? The fourth category of verses is the verses which describe the stories of the people of tawheed and the blessings of tawheed that in the hereafter are the blessings of jannah. So they describe what happened and what will happen to the people of tawheed all of the stories of the prophets and the problems they have met and the successes all of the descriptions of jannah. All of this are only the manifestations of the blessings of tawheed in this world and in the hereafter. The fifth category of verses is the verses which describe the people of shirk; the opposite of tawheed, and the punishments they received in this life. The punishments of Firaun, people of Aad and Thamud and all of the people before us who have rejected Allah, and the punishments of the fire of hell that awaits them in the hereafter. This is what will happen to the people who reject tawheed, in this world and the hereafter humiliation in this life, a shameful death in this life, and everlasting torment in the hereafter. So these are the five categories of verses. You can take every single verse of the Quran without exception and categorize them into these five categories which are directly related to tawheed. This explains that the entire Quran is nothing but an explanation of "La ilaha illallah" (there is no god but Allah). The entire Quran is nothing but a call to tawheed an explanation of what tawheed is and a description of its meanings. After this brief introduction of the blessings of tawheed and the fact that the entire Quran is nothing but a call to tawheed we now move on to the precise meaning of the types of tawheed. What are Tawheed ar-ruboobiyyah, Tawheed al-ilaahiyyah and Tawheed al-asmaa-was- Sifaat? Because the understanding of these three types of tawheed, we will be able to understand the meaning of "La ilaha illallah" better. So we start off with the first type, Tawheed ar-ruboobiyyah, or tawheed of Allah in the fact that He is the Rab. You unify Allah so that there is only one Rab, so then you have to define the meaning of Rab. If you go back to the classical Arabic dictionaries, the famous one being Nisaan-ul-Arab, this book is one of the most standard references of the Arabic language, you find that he says that Rab in the Arabic language as an Owner, or the one who is obeyed, or the

16 one who nourishes and sustains, or the one who causes and object to grow, or the one who is beneficent to the object. So the Rab is the one who is the true Owner, the true Sayyed meaning the one who is obeyed, the one who controls the affairs, the one who nourishes and sustains. So when we combine all of these definitions, we find that all of them centre around three aspects. Tawheed ar-ruboobiyyah is centered on three aspects. Firstly that Allah is the complete and true owner. If He is the true owner that means He is the one who created us. One who creates in the true owner, not the one who buys or takes the object. For example when an inventor makes something he is the complete and true owner of the object. So the fact that Allah is the true owner, or Malik, it necessitates and implies that Allah is the true and only creator. So there is no creator except Allah. So the first aspect of Ruboobiyyah is that He is the complete owner and part of that complete ownership is that He is the one who has created us as well. The second aspect of Tawheed ar-ruboobiyyah is that Allah has the right to be obeyed. This is the meaning of Rab as well the one who is obeyed which implies that He is the true king. He is the true king and no one has the right to be obeyed or to legislate the part of the meaning of Rab. The third aspect of Rab is the one who takes care and nourishes, and sustains, this is why He is al-razaaq. No one gives or sustains except Allah. So these are the three meanings of Rab. When we say Tawheed ar-ruboobiyyah is means Allah is unique and the true owner. He is unique and He is the only one who has the right to be obeyed. He is the only one who nourishes and sustains and takes care of us. You can summarize and state that Tawheed ar-ruboobiyyah means to unify Allah and that Allah is unique and so are all of His actions. He is the only one who sustains, legislates and has the right to be obeyed. Allah is the only one who does all of these things. This is Tawheed ar- Ruboobiyyah. Nothing occurs except by His will, and no one can overcome or escape his world, nothing escapes His knowledge and His creation because He is the only Creator. So tawheed of Allah and His actions is Tawheed ar-ruboobiyyah. So by this we understand that all of the creation is under His Ruboobiyyah. It is not possible except that a created object comes under the Ruboobiyyah. As Allah says in the Quran: To Him submitted all creatures in the heavens and the earth, willingly or unwillingly [Soorah aal-imran (3) verse: 83]

17 No one can escape from the Ruboobiyyah of Allah. If Allah desired something, Allah created him in the first place and he cannot escape this. and whatever Allah wills will happen to him whether he likes it or not. Allah is the one who nourishes him whether he believes in Allah or not. No one can overcome the Ruboobiyyah of Allah. To Him belongs all that is in the heavens and all that is in the earth, and He is the Most High, the Most Great. (Surah Ash-Shurah Verse 4) Everything has submitted itself to Him. Now obviously those who believe in Allah have a special Ruboobiyyah. They have a special protection and there is no doubt about it. All of the creation comes under a general Ruboobiyyah. So we can say that Ruboobiyyah is of two types: General Ruboobiyyah the Muslims and the kaafirs all come under this because Allah created them, nourishes them and the will of Allah is executed upon them, and then there is this Specific Ruboobiyyah the special protection for those who believe in Him. They are given extra nourishment and care. What is the proof of Ruboobiyyah? How do we know that there is a Rab? How do we know that there is a creator? And this a very common question and topic in the Western world that they want to know the proof of the existence of God. How do we know that there is a God or a Creator? We call it out of respect that Tawheed ar-ruboobiyyah is the proof because in reality the concept of atheism and denying that there is a God is a very small and minority concept. Throughout the centuries, in fact even before this century it was almost unheard of, it was really hard to find an atheist. Only in our times with the spread of capitalism and the materialism and the duniya and the communism when these different philosophies have come forth, they had people have the luxuries to deny the existence of Allah. The fact of the matter is that throughout history, atheism is very small minority. We know that the western philosophies pay a lot of attention to this topic: what is the proof of the existence of God. When we go back to the earliest work of Aristotle he has the standard proofs of the western worldly life. basically they concentrate a lot on this topic. Thousands of works, hundreds of different ideas and ways, man books written. When you tune to the Quran, you find surprisingly that this topic is hardly mentioned. It hardly mentions in Quran it says it

18 does not really care about this that there has to be a proof that there is a God. You can count the number of verses that direct towards those who deny the existence of God on one hand, that s how few they are. The reason being that Islam takes it for granted that this is common sense that to deny that there is a creator it means the person is mad or a fool. He is denying something which cannot be denied. As one poet versified in Arabic, he said: how can you prove something to which every single object is a proof of its existence. Why do you waste your time trying to prove something when every single object screams out at this existence? and this is exactly the philosophy of life. The Quran doesn t concentrate on this topic that much. This is in contrast to the philosophers and the Muslim groups that have been influenced by the philosophers. Those Muslim groups that have been influenced by the philosophers, such as the Mu tazilia and the Asha ira, their emphasis is always on proving that Allah exists. If you pick any of their books, the first discussion is how you prove God and they discuss this in hundreds of pages at times in their classical books. But the Quran and the Sunnah hardly talks about this because it is something that is taken for granted. So what are the proofs of the existence of Allah? There are four or five that will be mentioned but again it is completely ridiculous to enumerate them as every single object is a proof of His existence. To categorize it nicely, we ll say the first proof is the creation itself. You look around you? where did we come from? how did we come from? what is the origin of us and everything around us? As Allah says in the Quran in Surah-at-Toor: Were they created by nothing, or were they themselves the creators? [Surah-at-Toor verse 35] Allah asks two rhetorical questions and He doesn t ask the third one because it is understood. The two questions, there are three logical possibilities, either there is a God who created you, or nothing created you, or you created yourselves. So Allah asks two questions, did they create themselves or were they created out of nothing, if neither of these two is true then there is only one that is the truth that Allah is the one who created you. Now the modern philosophers and the modern western philosophy it follows the second question that we are created out of nothing. That s what they say, the big bang and then everything just evolved from there. And yet this simple cause that they have is so ludicrous that

19 they themselves cannot believe it. If you were to ask one of them, suppose you were to see a rundown shack or even two sticks put together and you were to try to convince them that this came out of nothing. That the wind was blowing and this happened or that happened and it was created itself, he would not believe you. Even if he didn t see a footprint or any sign of civilization, if there is a carving in the stone or a tool or an instrument he would conclude that there must have been life here. Why is it that when he sees life itself he doesn t realize that there is a creator to this life. There is a famous story of Imam Abu Haneefa that once there was a small group of atheists in the time of the khalifa (Caliph) of his time, they wished to debate on the existence of god. They went to the kahlifa (Caliph) and said we want to debate with you on the existence of God so send us your most powerful scholar. So the khalifa called Abu Haneefa at a specific time and place and told him to be there. So the other people, the atheists, showed up at the proper time and place. Abu Haneefa was not there and the atheists waited for him for hours and hours. They got impatient and said what kind of scholar doesn t come on time. When they were about to leave Abu Haneefa entered the place. So they went angry on him saying what kind of scholar are you who didn t even come on time and Abu Haneefa said wait let me explain what happened. If it s a reason will you excuse me, they said yes we will excuse you so give us a good excuse. He said while I was coming here, I came across a river and the ferry to cross the river was not there. So that s why I was late. I kept waiting and the ferry never came. So they said Abu Haneefa if the ferry never came how did you cross the river? He said while I was waiting, I saw that the branches fell off a tree and they automatically came together to form a raft and then the leaves started falling and formed into a rope and then the ropes automatically came together to form the lines of ropes to keep the raft tight together. So they started laughing and said to the khaleefa that you expect us to believe this man he is a mad man and a fool. So Abu Haneefa said who are the real fools you or me? You are not willing to believe that even a ship created itself and yet you believe that the entire earth and the entire creation came out of nothing. Who are the real fools? You won t believe that a raft or a ship could be created itself and yet you claim that the entire creation was created by itself. So look at the tactics of Abu Haneefa and the atheists could not respond to this and he won the argument. But the point is that this is something so clear. As Allah says in another verse:

20 This is Allah's creation, but show Me what those besides Him have created. [Surah Luqman verse 11] Where is the creation of other than Allah? No one else can create anything, only Allah is the Creator. So this is the first proof that there is Rab. You look around you the perfect harmony of creation. Everything is so perfect. Any person who studies any science whether is biology, chemistry, astrology, physics; you can do nothing but marvel at how everything is so perfect. Simple things like the composition of the air that we breathe, had it be a little bit different, we would not have been able to survive. The water cycle, the distance of the earth from the sun, look at the difference of the seasons, the difference is of only 0.01% between the summer and the winter. Imagine if it was a few hundred or thousand miles we would not have been able to live on the surface of this earth. Everything is so perfect. No matter what science you look into, did it come out of nothing? As Allah says: Were they created by nothing, or were they themselves the creators? [Surah-at-Toor verse 35] The second proof of creation is the human instinct the fitra. Human instinct, ones innate nature tells you that there is a creator and this instinct was placed in us by Allah. Every single human being has this fitra inside of them. As the Prophet (sws) said, every single human being is born upon their fitra. Then his parents transform him into a Christian or a Jew or anything else. Every child, male or female, Muslim or kaafir, when he is born he is upon the fitra. The child is born upon a clear fitra, that if you were left without any interference or other circumstances, you will grow up believing in one God. This is why so many people are guided to Islam because it appeals to ones inner nature, the fitra. When they hear the message of Islam they say this is what I have been looking for. This is what I want. Where did this yearning and desire come from? Allah placed it in all of the children that are born. The Quran and the Sunnah have come conforming to a man s fitra. So when a man is been corrupted from his fitra and he hears about Islam he finds a yearning and a desire to return to that fitra. Therefore, people always convert to Islam and no one leaves Islam after embracing it because it conforms to the fitra. It can also be referred to as the covenant the meethaq. When Allah created Adam, He made a covenant with Adam and all of his children. This is mentioned in Quran.

21 And remember We took your covenant and We raised above you (The towering height) of Mount (Sinai): (Saying): "Hold firmly to what We have given you and bring (ever) to remembrance what is therein: Perchance ye may fear Allah." [Surah Al Baqara, Verse 63] This is mentioned in the Hadith as well that Allah placed Adam in a valley of Araafat and he extracted from the lungs of Adam all of the children that were to come till the day of judgment and he spread all of the mankind in front of him. And then He asked them, Am I not your Lord? and all of the mankind responded Yes! You are our Lord. So this is the meethaq that Allah placed in all of us. But we don t remember the meethaq, but the remembrance of the meethaq is in our fitra. We do not physically remember it, but that meethaq remains with us. How? It is in our human nature the fitra. And it is because of this meethaq that every human being knows from right from wrong. Everyone knows that stealing, rapping, lying is wrong. Why? Why do they know this? where did it come from? Every society knows this. Why? Because it is a part of the fitra. Likewise, every single human being has tawheed in his part of fitra that Allah is one. He might not remember the name Allah but he would know that there is one God and that I should worship this one. So this is yet another evidence of Tawheed ar-ruboobiyyah. The third evidence is that all of mankind has an innate feeling of helplessness. No human being is devoid of this feeling. And this feeling is particularly manifested at times of distress. Even the atheists and the non-muslims who don t believe in God, when there is a matter of life and death of themselves or their loved ones, they automatically call upon God and say Oh God save me or Oh God do this. they might not even believe in God. There are so many stories that all of us know, especially those who deal with convents, that they might not have ever worshipped God, not even Christian or anything, when there is a time of difficulty, instantly without even thinking about it they call Oh God help me. And this is something that Quran mentions in several verses. When any problems affix mankind he calls to us and when we respond to him he rejects us. There are so many verses in Quran on waves that when they are riding on the ocean and are drowning they call to Allah. And when He saves them to the shore, then they reject Him. Where does this feeling come from in all of us. This is once again a manifestation of Tawheed ar-ruboobiyyah. That we are not the ones who decide our destiny, we do not have all the

22 control, there is someone who cares, and there is someone who created us. And that is our Rab. The fourth evidence of the Ruboobiyyah, that there is a Rab and Allah is our Rab, is the descending of the prophets and the revelation of the books. So the prophets have come to establish evidence against mankind. They are sent with clear proofs, miracles. All the prophets have been sent with miracles, there is not a single prophet except that he was blessed with miracles from Allah. So Musa was given the miracle of the staff, Isa was given with the raising of the dead and the healing the sick and curing the blind, and Prophet (sws) was given so many miracles and the greatest one was Islam clear proofs that there is a Rab. Likewise, the message that all of these messengers come with: the clear beautiful message of Islam, the message of tawheed and iman. Look at all the man made religions: Hinduism, Buddhism, any ism, besides Islam, look at even Christianity and Jewish which are the revealed religions but have been corrupted, they do not conform to common sense, to logic and to human emotion and reason, they do not conform to the fitra, how they describe god, what is the rights of god. And look at Islam, the beauty, the purity, the prestigious. This is the clear proof that there is a Rab. And that this Rab cares about us that is part of being the Rab. That is why He has sent prophets and revealed books so that we can be guided to His worship. And then there are other proofs as well but these are the main ones that we have discussed.

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