Olli Early Islam Week 3: Mohamad at Medina ( c.e.) The Reordering of Society and Politics
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1 Olli Early Islam Week 3: Mohamad at Medina ( c.e.) The Reordering of Society and Politics
2 Mohamad at Medina, c.e.
3 Terms we are using today: The Night Journey to Jerusalem, Ansar, Ummah Hijra, 622 c.e. Charter/Constitution of Medina People of the Book Diwan, Shura, Majlis Integrated Model Mosque
4 The Hijra, 622 bce Mohamad and the followers (the Ansar) flee to Yathrib/Medina
5 THE MEDINA CHARTER 622 C.E. In the name of God the Compassionate, the Merciful. (1) This is a document from Muhammad the prophet (governing the relations) between the believers and Muslims of Quraysh and Yathrib, and those who followed them and joined them and labored with them. (2) They are one community (umma) to the exclusion of all men. (3) The Quraysh emigrants according to their present custom shall pay the bloodwit within their number and shall redeem their prisoners with the kindness and justice common among believers. (4-8) The B. Auf according to their present custom shall pay the bloodwit they paid in heatheism; every section shall redeem its prisoners with the kindness and justice common among believers. The B. Sa ida, the B. l-harith, and the B. Jusham, and the B. al-najjar likewise. (9-11) The B. Amr b. Auf, the B. al-nabit and the B. al- Aus likewise.
6 On Political Authority: (20)(a) The God-fearing believers enjoy the best and most upright guidance. (23) Whenever you differ about a matter it must be referred to God and to Muhammad. (36) None of them shall go out to war save the permission of Muhammad, but he shall not be prevented from taking revenge for a wound. He who slays a man without warning slays himself and his household, unless it be one who has wronged him, for God will accept that. (42) If any dispute or controversy likely to cause trouble should arise it must be referred to God and to Muhammad the apostle of God. God accepts what is nearest to piety and goodness in this document.
7 On Relations with People of the Book (16) To the Jew who follows us belong help and equality. He shall not be wronged nor shall his enemies be aided. (24) The Jews shall contribute to the cost of war so long as they are fighting alongside the believers. (25) The Jews of the B. Auf are one community with the believers (the Jews have their religion and the Muslims have theirs), their freedmen and their persons except those who behave unjustly and sinfully, for they hurt but themselves and their families. (26-35) The same applies to the Jews of the B. al-najjar, B. al-harith, B. Sai ida, B. Jusham, B. al-aus, B. Tha'laba, and the Jafna, a clan of the Tha laba and the B. al-shutayba. (37) The Jews must bear their expenses and the Muslims their expenses. Each must help the other against anyone who attacks the people of this document. They must seek mutual advice and consultation, and loyalty is a protection against treachery. A man is not liable for his ally s misdeeds. The wronged must be helped.
8 The Hadiths describe the use of tribal traditions: Diwan (Open Access) Shura (Concensus/Councils) Majlis (representation
9 Mohamad s Night Journey and Ascension 15 th c. Persian art
10
11 Inside the Dome of the Rock
12
13 View with the Wailing Wall
14 National Geographic image showing recreation of temple area
15 What is the role of the Mosque? 1.Place for Reflection. 2. Place for Education. 3. A place to seek Unity with other Muslims
16 Mosques may be combined with other stores
17 Integrated with the marketplace?
18 Ideally the mosque is always open to provide a quiet refuge
19 Study can be with others or alone.
20 The Friday noon prayer is ideally performed with others, and may include a talk from a Religious Scholar, or Imam.
21 The Mithrab, marking the direction of prayer, can be simple or ornate. Algeria, Mithrab
22 Greek Mosque showing Mithrab (niche) and Minbar (platform)
23 A mosque includes water for ablutions
24 The courtyard provides extra space for Friday prayers, and a buffer from the street, and a place for cleansing. Mosque Courtyard, Delhi. Minarets for prayer call
25
26 Ummayyad built Mosque at the Dome of the Rock
27 View with the Wailing Wall
28 Mosques Architecture reflects local cultural heritage
29 The grand Mosque
30 The grand Mosque of Damascus with head of St. John the Baptisit
31
32 Blue Mosque, Istanbul, Turkey
33 Mud Mosque, Djenne, Mali
34 9 th c Abbassid Mosque in Iraq
35
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