HSC Studies Of Relgion. Year 2016 Mark Pages 26 Published May 25, Islam notes- RELIGION. By Sophie (99.4 ATAR)

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1 HSC Studies Of Relgion Year 2016 Mark Pages 26 Published May 25, 2017 Islam notes- RELIGION By Sophie (99.4 ATAR)

2 Powered by TCPDF ( Your notes author, Sophie. Sophie achieved an ATAR of 99.4 in 2016 while attending Loreto Kirribilli Currently studying Law/Economics at The University of Sydney Achievements: HSC Honour Roll State Ranking- Mathematics General II Ranked in the top 5 for each subject for internal marks Sophie says: I achieved an ATAR of 99.4 having studied French Continuers, French Extension, English Advanced, Legal Studies, Studies of Religion II and Mathematics General II. I have comprehensive notes for each subject, summaries as well as essay booklets for English, Religion, etc.

3 THE HAJJ The Prophet said: Islam does not allow for failure to perform the Hajj. Muslims should perform the visit and pilgrimage to Mecca (Sura 2: ) DESCRIBE HAJJ Annual pilgrimage that Muslims undertake to Mecca to visit holy places and to perform religious rites Purpose of Hajj: to visit the Ka bah in Mecca and to worship on Mount Arafat Hajj means to continuously strive to reach one s goal 5 th and final pillar of Islam and therefore an important requirement for a Muslim It is an obligation for a Muslim to complete once in their lifetime for, in the words of the Qur an, for those who can make their way there It is the place whereon Abraham once stood; and whoever enters it finds inner peace. Hence, pilgrimage unto the Temple is a duty owed to God by all people who are able to undertake it. (Qu ran 3:97) Rites performed during the period from the 8 th to 13 th Zoul-Hijjah- 12th month of the Islamic Calender Intention niyyah is important element of the Hajj Expression of devotion and total submission to Allah Hajj is a re-enactment of the rituals of the great prophets Whilst other religious pilgrims are focused on moving forward, Hajj embodies an image of return, a return to place of origin To come to the Ka ba is to return to one s origins The rites of the Hajj These were designed by God and taught by the Prophet Muhammad 1. Putting on ihram, the two pieced cloth 2. Circumambulating the Ka ba seven times 3. Fast walk between Safa and Marwah near Ka ba 4. Visiting and staying at Mina, Arafat and Muzdalifah 5. Throwing pebbles at three fixed places in Mina 6. Shaving/trimming hair 7. Sacrifice of animal- distributed to poor Key places The plains of Arafat: here pilgrims gather to repent and supplicate to God Muzdalifa: a small valley close to Arafat where pilgrims stay overnight/pray at before heading to Mina The Ka ba: located in Mecca, it is the primary destination of the Hajj It is the first place of worship built by the first human Adam and later rebuilt by Abraham and Ishmael and declared as a place of worship for monotheism Symbols of Hajj Ihram- white garments, symbolise human equality and unity before God Jamra: stone pillars that symbolise resiting the temptation of the devil The black stone: set on the outside of one corner of the Ka ba, it was put there by Abraham and Ishmael by order of God to indicate the beginning of the circling of the Ka ba According to the Hadith, the black stone came down from Paradise Important symbol- recognises that through building the Ka ba, Abraham laid down the foundation for monotheis

4 ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS In Islam, the relationship between humankind and the environment is part of social existence- an existence based on the fact that everything on earth glorifies and exalts the same God (Surat al-isra 17:44 The Night Journey) Unity (tawhid), stewardship (khalifa) and accountability (akrah) are the pillars of environmental ethics of Islam SOURCES OF AUTHORITY Qur an is the primary source for guidance, then the sunnah and hadith. Sharia law also includes teachings of how to apply Quranic principles. Collectively, these sources provide clear teaching and direction to Muslims in their relaeo w/ the environment Quran 700+ occasions where Q includes specific reflection on nature/environment Khalifa/custodians It is he that has made you custodians, inheritors of the earth (surah 6:165) Surah 45: Human beings have the use of the world s resources, but their usage resources is not unconditional, rather should be in keeping with the nurturing and sustaining responsibilities of their guardianship no exploitation/wasting Diversity and balance in nature Verily we have created things in proportion and measure (Q 54:59) Human beings have responsibility to use the world s resources in a way that doesn t diminish the diversity of creation or threaten its inherent balance/harmony Human beings in relation to creation Assuredly the creation of the heavens and the earth is greater than the creation of mankind (Qur an 40:57) Anthropocentric view of creation incompatible with teaching of Q which states that humans beings are only one aspect of creation Relationship between creation and creator The seven heavens and the earth and all therein praise him and there is not a thing but hymns his praise (surah 17:44) Sacredness of environment stems from its relaeo with Allah - to fail to honour this sacredness is to deny the glory of Allah as creator Hadiths Concern for the environment Hadith shows that M held a deep concern for the environment and encouraged Muslims to treat it with respect and with concern for the future The earth is green and beautiful and Allah has appointed you his stewards over it (Hadith) reiterates teaching of Qur an that humans have been given the responsibility of stewardship (khalifia) over the environment Sacredness The whole earth has been created as a place of worship, pure and clean (H) By acknowledging that the earth is a place of worship, the Prophet is recognising it as a sacred entity Thus, harming the environment is akin to defiling a place of worship Acts of love Prophet teaches that the planting of a tree provides for the needs of people and animal, and is thus an act of love Provides an example of the expectation that Muslims work with the environment in a caring/nurturing way

5 Powered by TCPDF ( SAYYID QUTB Only Islamic values and morals, teachings and safeguards, are worthy of mankind (The Civilised Family System, Qutb) Primarily concerned with Islam being a way of life, a constant living out of Islamic faith that permeated society. DEVELOPMENT Life Received Western and Islamic education- memorised Qur an by age 10 Disenchanted with the west, colonialism, imperialism Vacillated from optimism to pessimism about reconciling Western and Islamic ideals TRIP TO AMERICA Stay alerted him to what he perceived to be jahiliyyah Perceived decadence- concluded USA was a soulless place full of racism, materialism, greed and capitalism - all contradictory to the teachings of Islam Visit enabled him to really contrast and compare his own Islamic ideas with the Westernisation that permeated the US. His American experience confirmed, rather than gave rise to, his anti-western views Joined Muslim Brotherhood in 1950, becoming a leading spokesman/chief editor of the newspaper head of propaganda department - I was born in 1951 Jailed in 1954 tortured, witnessed executions Wrote prolifically in jail, more and more radicalised, culminating in Milestones Came to an extremely radical Islamist position leaving no room for cooperation with secularists Reimprisoned and executed by Nasser government in 1966 Context 1924: Islamic caliphate abolished. In response, Islamic revivalist movements emerged around the Muslim world, incl. in Egypt Sudden secularisation of Egypt- major catastrophe for Qutb and those who believed Islam had greater capacity to solve their spiritual and worldly problems Tension between secular Nasser Gov. who tried to modernise and westernise Egypt and religious movements in Egypt who wanted to return to true Islam Persecution of MB by Nasser Gov. Alive during both world wars- racism and hatred saturated the globe Imprisonment isolation and torture have shaped his ideology E.g. Yvonne Haddad: persecution of the members of that society as well as Qutb s arrest and imprisonment led to a radicalisation of his thought Critique of west American society is steeped in jahiliyyah based on rebellion against God s sovereignty on earth. Believed the west was paralysed by the separation of religion and state This was in opposition to the Islamic way of living and to Shari a law By ignoring divine guidance, man rebels against Gods sovereignty on the earth The west did not incorporate Tawhid God was not the centre of their universe 1.