Part 3: Western Views of Islam and Africa. Oct 13: Medieval, Early Modern Perspectives
|
|
- Lenard Adams
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Part 3: Western Views of Islam and Africa Oct 13: Medieval, Early Modern Perspectives
2 European Views: Islam, Africa Robinson: traditions shaping European views 1) Climes of Greek Ptolemy 2) Atlantic Slave Trade 3) Association Islam with Arabic/Arab 4) Islamdom vs Christendom 5) Racialization of civilization
3 Ancient/Medieval Muslim Views Robinson: - notes ancient Greeks understanding of climes as articulated by Ptolemy but - notes Europe s first knowledge of Africa filtered through Muslim World - Arab/Arabic travellers, merchants, compilers provided information on geography, flora/fauna, ethnography, wealth of Sahara and bilad as-sudan (West Africa); Swahili City-States (East African coast) to cosmopolitan Muslim Spain - translated by scholars, moved into medieval Europe intellectual sphere - connection with Ptolemy probably 12 th C. writer Al-Idrisi
4 Ancient/Medieval Muslim Views Medieval Arab views of Sahara predicated on belief that: - river ( large body of flowing water ) linked Atlantic to Nile - rich sources of gold lay beyond it -(from 9 th C): Africans (in and south of Sahara) converting to Islam. - importance: what these realities meant for commerce Origin appears to have been: -10 th C. map (al-masudi) - 12 th C. text (al-idrisi) tried to fit new information into existing Ptolemaic conceptual framework -postulated divided Nile: one flowing north into Egypt, other across Sudan - imagined all major towns lie along the river Historians realize confusion, do not always factor it into textual reading
5 Ancient/Medieval Muslim Views Neither Muslim writers nor Europeans had means to challenge perceived wisdom : - both either lacked knowledge of African interior [Portuguese until late 15 th C] - or saw it through Islamic prism, strongly shaped by pre-existing views of climes (eg Ibn Battuta) - reflected in maps 10 th -15 th centuries
6 10 th C. View of Africa Map of World (African-Iranian part) from al-masudi (916) [note: view is from north to south]
7 12 th C. View of Africa T and O map with Jerusalem at the center. This reflected the Church s view of God s World. [ Book of Kells ]
8 Arabs Concept Africa: 13 th C. From Robinson, p.75
9 Medieval Mapamundi (c )
10 Genoa Chart of North Africa (c.1490) [The Work of Christopher Columbus?]
11 European Views of Islam Robinson: also shaped by European understanding Islam: - presented by Christians as heresy - Mohamed last of prophets, Abraham, Jesus and others predecessors - therefore, they too were Muslims (those who submit to God) - clearly heresy from point of view Church Following arrival Muslims North Africa (7 th C), Almoravids in Spain (11 th C), two events key in shaping views between : Christian re-conquest Toledo (Spain) - Crusades (began 1099)/Saladin (Muslim leader who took Jerusalem, 1187) Argues: led to demonizing of Islamic religion: Prophet and Qur an
12 European Views of Islam Need to add : role of Ottoman Conquest of Constantinople (1453) - mentions (later) in context of role of Ottomans in Africa - crucial in process of demonizing - Constantinople: capital former Eastern Roman Empire - then centre Eastern Orthodox Christianity in Byzantine Empire Sultan Mehmet II carried out successful siege, using rapidly built fortress, navy, army of janissaries, clever strategies - several European eyewitnesses : awed by military power, authority of Sultan, taking of booty (property, jewels, slaves ) - reported back to Europe - reactions: darkest day in the history of the world
13 European Views of Islam From the moment when Constantinople fell, Europeans regarded the Turks with a mixture of horror and fascination. They were outside the bounds of society, and almost beyond the real of humanity. John Lyly described the Turk as "vile and brutish". Other authors made much of the Turks' supposed addiction to unnatural vice...an image of the "Terrible Turk" who ate children alive -- a stereotype which rapidly was becoming universal in the West and which mothers found useful for terrifying naughty children. [Andrew Wheatcroft, The Ottomans (1994) - contemporary secondary source, 'reporting' on European response to news of Fall of Constantinople; see Wheatcroft, Additional Readings]
14 European Views of Islam Legend of Prester John - aspect of beliefs about Islam was collaborating belief that Christian King continued to rule wealthy kingdom hidden behind Dar al-islam - was awaiting European assistance to fight back the evil Muslims and retake Holy Land (as well as trade with East) - geographical location varied but by medieval era, believed to be situated in Horn of Africa - when Portuguese accepted invitation Christian King Ethiopia (early-mid16 th C.), believed they had found Prester John - disappointed when battle was for local power, not destruction Muslim World [refer back to lecture on Islamization: Horn of Africa, Ethiopia]
15 European Views of Islam Robinson: after 1500, these European views did not change (in terms of their essential beliefs) in spite of experiences in dealing with Islamic Regimes (Morocco, Ottoman Empire) Robinson himself comments upon two additional factors arising from these: - Orientalism [from late 18 th C.] - Abolition [of the slave trade mostly 18 th -19 th centuries] Each of these experiences continued to shape European views of Islam and Muslim Societies including in Africa We will look at each in turn during the next two lectures.
16 European Views Robinson: rise of Atlantic Slave Trade - shifted European focus - can easily trace how stereotypes of black Africa developed in context of legitimizing Atlantic Trade - makes point: process not applicable to Muslim Africans (in other words, Islamic Africa left out of Europe s developing vision of Africa) - implication: therefore left out, period [until late 18 th C.] Argument can (should) be nuanced.
17 European Views Important: - where were the Europeans? - why were they there? - what were they seeing of Islamic Africa?
18 European Views Where were they? - Horn (Ethiopia see earlier lecture on Islamization ) - North Africa (Morocco Portuguese; Egypt Venetians) - East Africa (Portuguese coast, islands) - Sahara (Portuguese) - Senegambia (region surrounding Senegal and Gambia Rivers French, British)
19 European Views: North Africa North Africa: from 16 th C. Europeans encountered Ottomans - Venice major trading partner with Ottomans, Mamluk Egypt (paid each tribute to ensure peaceful trade) - ties between Venetians (oligarchy, nobility, merchants) and Mamluks particularly strong - closest years prior to Ottoman conquest Egypt (1517) - longest reigning doge of Venice ( ) born in Mamluk Egypt - Venetian physician, member of nobility (Nicolo Barbaro) one of most important eye-witnesses to fall of Constantinople - account one of those referred to by Wheatcroft: long, detailed description military power evil, wicked, faithless Turks - fed back into European impressions of, relations with Ottomans in North Africa:
20 European Views: North Africa North Africa Ottomans, under Suleiman the Magnificent, controlled most of North Africa from Egypt to Algiers
21 European Views: East Africa Portuguese: part of Gold, Glory and God exploration of Prince Henry ( the Navigator ) - monopoly of Arab knowledge Muslim Africa challenged East Africa: - Vasco da Gama 1498 (in search of India) - discovered wealthy Swahili City States [Davidson video Caravans of Gold Swahili Coast] - next expedition returned 1505, sacked Kilwa and other cities - claimed coast 1515 [lecture, Sept. 20] - as in West Africa: goal to intercept gold trade (from southern Africa [also in Davidson Swahili Coast] - built Fort Jesus (off Mozambique) - failed to establish control
22 12 th C. View of Africa East Africa Dar al-islam according to al-idrisi (12 th C.)
23 European Views: East Africa Frustrated by military weakness, inability to access wealth the saw: - presented descriptions of East African "Moors" as if they were still engaged in Crusades - women were victims of these infidels ('proof' of Islam's oppression) - and potential Christian converts -(Malindi women resisted, those of Mombasa embraced ) [Davidson video Caravans of Gold narration sacking of Kilwa; McDougall Women in African Muslim Societies, Resources]
24 European Views: Morocco North Africa: - Portuguese drawn into Morocco 1415, Ceuta - hoped to attract trans-saharan trade failed s, established Santa Cruz on coast - hoped to intercept trade - generated powerful Moroccan opposition, rise of new dynastic state Sa adiens, based in Sahara (looked South to Sudan and East to Tafilelt) Moroccans forced Portuguese out - took over fort overlooking harbour: renamed Agadir (meaning fort/fortress )
25 European Views: Mauritania - Meanwhile established Arguin (trading factory) Mauritanian coast - information about Sahara, its peoples now filtered through Portuguese lens - was acquired initially from coastal raids (random kidnappings of Saharans along the coast) - subsequently from commercial exchanges at Arguin - explorations along the extensive Senegal-Gambian coast (named for two rivers) - Alvise de Ca da Mosto, Valentim Fernandes and Pacheco Pereira most important sources of information trade, people
26 European Views: Mauritania - highlighted operations of gold, salt and slave trades - reported that gold and slaves crossing the desert taken to entrepot of Wadan - Cargoes divided: some diverted towards Arguin, most continues north to Barbary coasts - Impact of information: 1487 Portuguese establish trading factory at Wadan (presumably to intercept more of northern trade) - Short-lived - Local tradition: Portuguese driven out - Pereira: hostile reception forced them to leave - First (and last) attempt at establishing inland in Sahara failure
27 .Arguin.Wadan Tarra Hodges
28 European Views: Mauritania - knowledge thereafter generated from coastal exploration - Continued interest in commerce, described tribal participation different Saharan groups - Also: conflict between indigenous Muslim Sanhaja clerics (zawaya) and immigrant Muslim Arab warriors (hassan) - formed base of European understanding Saharan society from the sixteenth century onwards [as argued more generally by Robinson]
29 European Views: West Africa interior But not end of knowledge of Muslim interior: representative Royal African Society, Cornelius Hodges, sent via Gambia river to interior - aim: intercept slave trade oriented to French (Senegal) - find out why Moors do not want to trade - described active desert-side trade in region near ancient Awdaghust [recently confirmed by archaeological work] - also insight into evolving relations between Morocco West Africa (apart from traditional focus on conquest of Niger Bend 1591)
30 European Views: West Africa interior His men reported, they were directed to a large town named Tarra, verry neare as bigg as ye Citty of London with ye walls [in] ye Moores Countrey said to be the only mart for slaves in all those western parts of Africa. Any merchants carrying European goods, wishing to purchase slaves here, had first to turn their goods into cloth and with cloth purchase the Salt of ye Moores who bring it above 1100 miles on Camells and will Truck it for no othr soart of commodities than Cloathes, Gold and Slaves. After acquiring the salt, merchants could truck it for slaves wch is ye Reason yt many times before they can dispatch ye goods of 4 or 5 slaves yt costs ym ½ as much for Lodgin and Provisions. But it goes with 500 ozs of gold, pays no customes and may turn it into what commodity he pleasethe, In less yn two Dayes If he pleaseth
31 .Arguin.Wadan Tarra Hodges
32 European Views: West Africa interior Also recounted that three days after their arrival in Tarra, some horsemen and camels [arrived] to Lay siege to It. Ye Emperor drew his forces and incamped without ye towne to receive ym there Hodges men were drawn into assisting ye Moores : it pleased God to give ym such good success, they being all very good firemen, yt the Emperor attributed ye victory and safeguard of his country wholely to Mahamit. - believe Hodges men saw army of Moroccan Sultan sent to Tarra to assist Saharan clan allied with him, resist demands for tribute from local inhabitants insight into Muslim society and economy
33 European Views: West Africa interior Why is this information not part of Robinson s discussion? - rise of Atlantic Slave trade - not only shifted contemporary European focus away from Muslim Africa (as Robinson argues), subsequently shifted historians attention as well - triumph of caravel over caravan [see McDougall, Resources] - assumption that Atlantic Slave trade overshadowed economy of interior made desert-side commercial activities and societies invisible - clear that end of 17 th century ye Moores dominated economy - also that Sahara and sub-saharan region ancient Awdaghust considered part of larger Moroccan empire from Morocco s point of view
34 European Views: West Africa interior Europeans aware: - shaped commercial strategies -18 th C. French archival report notes Moors still obstructing trade along Senegal river: ongoing problem But in 18 th century, new influences began to shape reports, interact with pre-existing ideas of Moors and Turks : - account by Christian Slave Thomas Pellow (Morocco) - Napoleon s conquest of Egypt, growth Orientalism [to be explored further, next day]
Enemies & Neighbours: Re-negotiating Empire & Islam
Enemies & Neighbours: Re-negotiating Empire & Islam Enemies & Neigbours In century following Conquest of Constantinople, Ottomans achieved greatest geographical extent of empire: Empire of the seas (Mediterranean
More informationAfrican Kingdoms. Part I: General Info. Part II: West African Kingdoms.
African Kingdoms Part I: General Info 1. The interior of Africa was settled by large migrations referred to as the Bantu Migrations 2. Bantu means the People. 3. The main language of the African continent
More informationNorth and Central African Societies
Societies and Empires of Africa, 800 500 Section North and Central African Societies North and Central African Societies Hunting-Gathering Societies Hunters and Gatherers Studying hunting-gathering groups
More informationEmpires develop in northern, western, and southern Africa. Trade helps spread Islam and makes some African empires very wealthy.
SLIDE 1 Chapter 15 Societies and Empires of Africa, 800 1500 Empires develop in northern, western, and southern Africa. Trade helps spread Islam and makes some African empires very wealthy. SLIDE 2 Section
More informationWorld History: Patterns of Interaction
Societies and Empires of Africa, 800-1500 Empires develop in northern, western, and southern Africa. Trade helps spread Islam and makes some African empires very wealthy. Societies and Empires of Africa,
More informationLESSON WATCH Key Ideas Factual
LESSON 3.2 THE FOUNDATION AND EXPANSION OF ISLAM LESSON 3.2.4 WATCH Key Ideas Factual Use these questions and prompts at the appropriate stopping points to check in with students and ensure they are getting
More informationChapter 8 Reading Guide: African Civilizations and the Spread of Islam
Chapter Summary. Africa below the Sahara for long periods had only limited contact with the civilizations of the Mediterranean and Asia. Between 800 and 1500 C.E. the frequency and intensity of exchanges
More informationName: Date: Period: African Civilizations and the Spread of Islam, p
Name: Date: Period: UNIT SUMMARY Chapter 8 Reading Guide African Civilizations and the Spread of Islam, p.184-202 Africa below the Sahara for long periods had only limited contact with the civilizations
More informationPart 2: Islamization of Africa. Oct 8: Islamic Slavery and Slave Trading
Part 2: Islamization of Africa Oct 8: Islamic Slavery and Slave Trading Robinson: - Most Muslim Slaves not in Atlantic Trade (some exceptions) - other trades more important: West Africa into Sahara (from
More informationChapter 12: Crusades and Culture in the Middle Ages, Lesson 2: The Crusades
Chapter 12: Crusades and Culture in the Middle Ages, 1000 1500 Lesson 2: The Crusades World History Bell Ringer #48 1-23-18 1. Born to a wealthy merchant family, Francis of Assisi A. Used his social status
More informationThe Foundation of the Modern World
The Foundation of the Modern World In the year 1095 A.D., Christian Europe was threatened on both sides by the might of the Islamic Empire, which had declared jihad (Holy War) against Christianity. In
More informationIslamization of Africa II: Sept. 24 North Africa: conversion and conquest
Islamization of Africa II: Sept. 24 North Africa: conversion and conquest Spread of Islam Into Africa: North Africa and the Sahara Almoravids 11 th C. 7 th -15 th centuries Arab and Swahili traders spread
More information!e Quest of # Europeans (3$-1460AD)
!e Quest of # Europeans (3$-1460AD) Middle Ages & Middle East After the Roman Empire fell in 300 AD, Western Europe went from being the home of the world s largest and most advanced empire to being a disparaged
More informationTHE RISE OF ISLAM U N I T I I I
THE RISE OF ISLAM U N I T I I I MUHAMMAD THE PROFIT From Mecca in modern day Saudi Arabia Muhammad was a middle aged merchant who claimed the Angel Gabriel asked him to recite the word of God As a Merchant
More informationNOTES: Unit 3 -Chapter 9: The Islamic World and Africa. In this chapter you will learn about developments in the during the.
Name NOTES: Unit 3 -Chapter 9: The Islamic World and Africa Introduction In this chapter you will learn about developments in the during the. Important Ideas A. Mohammed founded in the seventh century.
More informationUNIT 3 -CHAPTER 9: THE ISLAMIC WORLD AND AFRICA
UNIT 3 -CHAPTER 9: THE ISLAMIC WORLD AND AFRICA INTRODUCTION In this chapter you will learn about developments in the Middle East and Africa during the post-classical era. ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS What are
More informationNorth and Central African Societies
Name CHAPTER 15 Section 1 (pages 409 412) North and Central African Societies BEFORE YOU READ In the last section, you read about disasters in Europe during the 1300s. In this section, you will read about
More informationBig Idea The Ottoman Empire Expands. Essential Question How did the Ottomans expand their empire?
Big Idea The Ottoman Empire Expands. Essential Question How did the Ottomans expand their empire? 1 Words To Know Sultan the leader of the Ottoman Empire, like a emperor or a king. Religious tolerance
More informationAfrican Kingdoms. The Kingdom of Ghana
African Kingdoms The Kingdom of Ghana The origins of the ancient Kingdom of Ghana are unclear but historians believe that the roots of the kingdom can be found around the start of the first millennium
More informationEastern City-States and Empires of Africa
Eastern City-States and Empires of Africa Overview As early as the Third Century C.E. the kingdom of Aksum was part of an extensive trade network. Aksum was an inland city so it had to build a port on
More information1. What Ottoman palace complex serves as a useful comparison with the Forbidden City? Describe one way that the Hongwu emperor sought to
What Ottoman palace complex serves as a useful comparison with the Forbidden City? 2. Describe one way that the Hongwu emperor sought to centralize the Ming government. 3. Name the most highly centralized
More informationIndian Ocean Trade and Social & Cultural Change AN AGE OF ACCELERATING CONNECTIONS ( )
Indian Ocean Trade and Social & Cultural Change AN AGE OF ACCELERATING CONNECTIONS (600 1450) After 1200 there was an expansion of trade in the Indian Ocean, why? Rising prosperity of Asia, European, &
More informationAfrica s. #24 Arab, Ashanti, Bantu, & Swahili
Africa s #24 Arab, Ashanti, Bantu, & Swahili This is a group of people who share a common belief system. A religious group is identified based on mutual religious beliefs and practices. They believe in
More informationThe Nineteenth Century: Islam
Main Themes: The Nineteenth Century: Islam -Islam critical in shaping pre-colonial Africa -Reinforced by/reinforcing links with broader Muslim world -Role revivalist movements in generating religious,
More informationDBQ Unit 6: European Age of Exploration
Name Date Part A DBQ Unit 6: European Age of Exploration Directions The task below is based on documents 1 through 5. This task is designed to test your ability to work with the information provided by
More informationWHII 2 a, c d, e. Name: World History II Date: SOL Review Day 1
Name: World History II Date: SOL Review Day 1 Directions label the following empires in 1500 on the map below England France Spain Russia Ottoman Empire Persia China Mughal India Songhai Empire Incan Aztec
More informationName: Date: Period: 1. Using p , mark the approximate boundaries of the Ottoman Empire and the Qing Empire
Name: Date: Period: Chapter 26 Reading Guide Civilizations in Crisis: The Ottoman Empire, the Islamic Heartlands, and Qing China p.602-624 1. Using p.614-615, mark the approximate boundaries of the Ottoman
More informationWarmup. What does Islam mean? Submission to the will of Allah
Warmup What does Islam mean? Submission to the will of Allah Agenda Warmup Is this in Africa? Game PPT & Notes Test = November 29 th (after Thanksgiving) Homework: Mongol Empire Notes PPT is on my website
More informationWarm-Up: What are 2 inferences/observations you can make about the Ottoman Empire in 1580?
Warm-Up: What are 2 inferences/observations you can make about the Ottoman Empire in 1580? The Ottoman Empire Learning Goal: Explain what was significant about the organization of the Ottoman Empire and
More informationThe Journey of Ibn Battuta
The Journey of Ibn Battuta THE JOURNEY Type of account (primary/ secondary, letter, diary, etc.) Home region/country of the traveler Purpose of the journey/dates Success/failure of the journey as related
More informationUnit 4: Byzantine Empire, Islamic Empires, Ottoman Empire
Name: Block: Unit 4: Byzantine Empire, Islamic Empires, Ottoman Empire A.) Byzantine Empire 1. Human and hysical Geography 2. Achievements (law-justinian Code, engineering, art, and commerce) 3. The Orthodox
More informationIndian Ocean Trade. Height C.E.
Indian Ocean Trade Height 800 1400 C.E. Key Vocabulary: Zanj Arab name for the people of East Africa Monsoons the seasonal wind of the Indian Ocean and southern Asia, blowing from the southwest in summer
More informationThe Islamic World and Africa. Chapter 9
The Islamic World and Africa Chapter 9 Rise of Islam Due to warfare between the Byzantine and Persian empires trade land routes were changed. Sea routes were now used, connecting India with Arabian Peninsula
More informationPt.II: Colonialism, Nationalism, the Harem 19 th -20 th centuries
Pt.II: Colonialism, Nationalism, the Harem 19 th -20 th centuries Week 9: Morocco [Nov. 11 Remembrance Day Holiday; Nov. 13 cancelled; Discussion Nov. 15] Morocco: 19 th -20 th C. History of Imperial
More informationAP World History Mid-Term Exam
AP World History Mid-Term Exam 1) Why did the original inhabitants of Australia not develop agriculture? 2) Know why metal tools were preferred over stone tools? 3) Know how the earliest civilizations
More informationWorld History Grade: 8
World History Grade: 8 SOC 220 World History I No graduation credit 5 days per week; 1 school year Taught in English This is a required course for 8th grade students in the Mexican/U.S. Programs. This
More informationOTTOMAN EMPIRE Learning Goal 1:
OTTOMAN EMPIRE Learning Goal 1: Explain what was significant about the organization of the Ottoman Empire and describe the impact the Ottomans had on global trade. (TEKS/SE s 1D,7D) STUDY THE MAP WHAT
More informationBrain Wrinkles. African. Arab, Ashanti, Bantu, & Swahili
African Arab, Ashanti, Bantu, & Swahili STANDARDS: SS7G4 The student will describe the diverse cultures of the people who live in Africa. a. Explain the differences between an ethnic group and a religious
More informationPeriod 4: Global Interactions, c Chapter 21: SW Asia & the Indian Ocean, pp Mrs. Osborn RHS APWH
Period 4: Global Interactions, c. 1450-1750 Chapter 21: SW Asia & the Indian Ocean, 1500-1750 pp. 521-543 Mrs. Osborn RHS APWH AP Objectives. You should be able to Describe the increase in interactions
More informationThe Decline of Kemet as the Light of the World and its Effect on African Collective Spiritual Progress
The Decline of Kemet as the Light of the World and its Effect on African Collective Spiritual Progress What has happened to the collective Soul of Kemet, of Africa, resulting from wave after wave of invaders
More informationWHI.08: Islam and WHI.10: Africa
Name: Date: Period: WHI08: Islam and WHI10: Africa WHI08 The student will demonstrate knowledge of Islamic civilization from about 600 to 1000 AD by a) describing the origin, beliefs, traditions, customs,
More informationAPWH Chapter 27.notebook January 04, 2016
Chapter 27 Islamic Gunpowder Empires The Ottoman Empire was established by Muslim Turks in Asia Minor in the 14th century, after the collapse of Mongol rule in the Middle East. It conquered the Balkans
More informationnetw rks Where in the world? When did it happen? African Civilizations Lesson 1 The Rise of African Civilizations ESSENTIAL QUESTION Terms to Know
Lesson 1 The Rise of ESSENTIAL QUESTION Why do people trade? GUIDING QUESTIONS 1. How did early peoples settle Africa? 2. How did trade develop in Africa? 3. Why did West African trading empires rise and
More informationChapter 18: Half Done Notes
Name Date Period Class Chapter 18: Half Done Notes Directions: So we are trying this out to see how it you guys like it and whether you find it an effective way to learn, analyze, and retain information
More informationThe Arabian Peninsula. Farming limited in Arabia Commerce lively Mecca, near Red Sea, most important of coastal towns
The Rise of Islam The Arabian Peninsula Farming limited in Arabia Commerce lively Mecca, near Red Sea, most important of coastal towns Middle East: Climate Regions Fresh Groundwater Sources Mountain Ranges
More informationThe Worlds of European Christendom. Chapter 9
The Worlds of European Christendom Chapter 9 After the Roman Empire By the 4 th Century the Roman Empire gets divided Christian Europe is two parts: 1. Eastern half = The Byzantine Empire 2. Western half
More informationPart 2: Islamization of Africa. September 22 North African Conquest & Empire Building: North Africa, Abyssinia and the Almoravids
Part 2: Islamization of Africa September 22 North African Conquest & Empire Building: North Africa, Abyssinia and the Almoravids Spread of Islam Into Africa:7th-19th C. Almoravids 11 th C. 7 th -15 th
More informationNAME DATE CLASS b.c b.c. a.d. 1 a.d a.d c b.c. History of Axum begins
Lesson 1 The Rise of ESSENTIAL QUESTION Why do people trade? GUIDING QUESTIONS 1. How did early peoples settle Africa? 2. How did trade develop in Africa? 3. Why did West African trading empires rise and
More informationMaking of the Modern World 13 New Ideas and Cultural Contacts Spring 2016, Lecture 4. Fall Quarter, 2011
Making of the Modern World 13 New Ideas and Cultural Contacts Spring 2016, Lecture 4 Fall Quarter, 2011 Two things: the first is that you are the sultan of the universe and the ruler of the world, and
More informationWorld History Honors Semester 1 Review Guide
World History Honors Semester 1 Review Guide This review guide is exactly that a review guide. This is neither the questions nor the answers to the exam. The final will have 75 content questions, 5 reading
More informationChapter 3: Columbus Interactions with Muslims in America
Chapter 3: Columbus Interactions with Muslims in America Objective: Students will describe how Columbus interacted with Muslims in Spain and the Americas, and will describe the context of the state of
More informationChapter 10. Byzantine & Muslim Civilizations
Chapter 10 Byzantine & Muslim Civilizations Section 1 The Byzantine Empire Capital of Byzantine Empire Constantinople Protected by Greek Fire Constantinople Controlled by: Roman Empire Christians Byzantines
More informationOttoman Empire. 1400s-1800s
Ottoman Empire 1400s-1800s 1. Original location of the Ottoman Empire Asia Minor (Turkey) Origins of the Ottoman Empire After Muhammad s death in 632 A.D., Muslim faith & power spread throughout Middle
More informationThe Crusades. Footsteps of Faith. Windstar Cruises Ross Arnold, Fall 2013
The Crusades Footsteps of Faith Windstar Cruises Ross Arnold, Fall 2013 Footsteps of Faith: Lectures Footsteps of Faith: Introduction The Crusades Faith & Culture in the ANE Birthplace of Empires The Children
More informationVirginia Mason Vaughan. "thick lips"
A Moorish Captain" Virginia Mason Vaughan "thick lips" SUNJATA: West African Epic of Mande Peoples Mandinka People Epic of Sundiata Sundiata Keita (1217-1255) Founder of the Mali Empire Mansa Musa
More informationPORTUGUESE PRESENCE AND END EA YOURS IN EAST AFRICA,
Omulokoli Portuguese Presence & Endeavours in East Africa 33 PORTUGUESE PRESENCE AND END EA YOURS IN EAST AFRICA, 1498-1698 Watson A. 0. Omulokoli Part I Part I of this article provides background information
More informationName: Date: Period: UNIT 2 TEST SECTION 1: THE GUPTA EMPIRE IN INDIA
UNIT 2 TEST SECTION 1: THE GUPTA EMPIRE IN INDIA 1. Which of the following geographical features were advantageous to the Gupta Empire? a. the Mediterranean Sea provided an outlet for trade with other
More informationSit by Indian Ocean City Teams
Day 1 Sit by Indian Ocean City Teams Port/Market Region Team Members Kilwa East Africa Mombassa Muscat Aden Hormuz Calicut Cochin Palembang Malacca Guangzhou (Canton) East Africa Southwest Asia Southwest
More informationIslam The Spread of Islam
Non-fiction: Islam The Spread of Islam Islam The Spread of Islam Muhammad The most important person to the Islamic religion was Muhammad. He was born in 570 C.E. Muslims believe that Muhammad heard the
More informationWHI SOL Review Packet: Part II
Ancient Rome from 700 B.C. (B.C.E.) to 500 A.D. (C.E.) 120. What geographical features protected Rome and the Italian peninsula? 121. What was Roman Mythology based on? What did it explain? 122. Who were
More informationThis Magnificent African. Partition and Conquest
This Magnificent African Cake * Partition and Conquest *metaphor attributed to King Leopold II during the 1984-5 Berlin Conference, reference being to the partitioning of the continent between the various
More informationChapter 10: From the Crusades to the New Muslim Empires
Chapter 10: From the Crusades to the New Muslim Empires Guiding Question: How did the Crusades affect the lives of Christians, Muslims, and Jews? Name: Due Date: Period: Overview: The Crusades were a series
More informationOverview: Making of Empire
Part 1: Islam, Osman and the Early Ottomans (Sept. 10) Part 2: The Taking of Constantinople and the Making of Empire: Mehmet II (Sept. 12-14) Part 3: Defining the State:Becoming, Being Ottoman [15 th C.]
More informationThe Byzantine Empire
The Byzantine Empire -The rise of the Byzantine Empire is connected to the fall of the Roman Empire -therefore, we need to review the events that led to the fall of the Roman Empire -Review: -in AD 284,
More informationWorld History Mid-term Exam Review Social Studies Team
World History Mid-term Exam Review Social Studies Team Scholars that study and write about the historical past are Objects made by humans such as clothing, coins, artwork, and tombstones are called The
More informationBig Idea Suleiman the Magnificent rules during a Golden Age. Essential Question How did Suleiman the Magnificent gain and maintain power?
Big Idea Suleiman the Magnificent rules during a Golden Age. Essential Question How did Suleiman the Magnificent gain and maintain power? 1 Words To Know Sultan the leader of the Ottoman Empire, like a
More informationThe Byzantine Empire. By History.com, adapted by Newsela staff on Word Count 1,009 Level 1060L
The Byzantine Empire By History.com, adapted by Newsela staff on 11.27.17 Word Count 1,009 Level 1060L Emperor Justinian and members of his court. Image from the public domain The origins of the Byzantine
More informationChapter 9 1. Explain why Islam is considered more than a religion, but rather a way of life?
Chapters 9-18 Study Guide Review Chapter 9 1. Explain why Islam is considered more than a religion, but rather a way of life? The Quran and the Sunnah guide Muslims on how to live their lives. 2. What
More information2. Which of the following luxury goods came to symbolize the Eurasian exchange system? a. Silk b. Porcelain c. Slaves d. Nutmeg
1. Which of the following was a consequence of the exchange of diseases along the Silk Roads? a. Europeans developed some degree of immunity to Eurasian diseases. b. The Christian church in the Byzantine
More informationKey Terms and People. Section Summary. The Later Middle Ages Section 1
The Later Middle Ages Section 1 MAIN IDEAS 1. Popes and kings ruled Europe as spiritual and political leaders. 2. Popes fought for power, leading to a permanent split within the church. 3. Kings and popes
More informationText 5: The Crusades. Topic 7: Medieval Christian Europe ( ) Lesson 4: Economic Expansion and Change: The Crusades and After
Text 5: The Crusades Topic 7: Medieval Christian Europe (330-1450) Lesson 4: Economic Expansion and Change: The Crusades and After BELLWORK Why did Pope Urban II agree to help Byzantine emperor Alexius
More informationCHAPTER EIGHT African Civilizations and the Spread of Islam
CHAPTER EIGHT African Civilizations and the Spread of Islam World Civilizations, The Global Experience AP* Edition, 5th Edition Stearns/Adas/Schwartz/Gilbert *AP and Advanced Placement are registered trademarks
More informationUnit: Cross-Cultural Exchange on the Trans-Saharan Trade Routes HOW DO HISTORIANS KNOW ABOUT CULTURAL AND GEOGRAPHIC INTERSECTIONS?
Activity 1: Songs of Slavery Along the Trans-Saharan Trade Route 1. Why was it important to have portable (able to be carried) instruments on the trans-saharan trade route? What words or phrases in the
More informationName Review Questions. WHII Voorhees
WHII Voorhees Name Review Questions WHII.2 Review #1 Name 2 empires of the Eastern hemisphere. Name 3 nations of Western Europe. What empire was located in Africa in 1500? What empire was located in India
More informationLecture 11. Dissolution and diffusion: the arrival of an Islamic society
Lecture 11 Dissolution and diffusion: the arrival of an Islamic society Review Aim of lectures Final lecture: focus on religious conversion During the Abbasid period conversion primarily happens at elite
More informationPAF Chapter HISTORY GRADE - 7 Intervention Work Book
The City School PAF Chapter HISTORY GRADE - 7 Intervention Work Book Topics Rise of Islamic Civilization Date: Q1: Read the following sentences and write the suitable term for each: a) The Roman Civilization
More informationThe Renaissance Begins AN AGE OF ACCELERATING CONNECTIONS ( )
The Renaissance Begins AN AGE OF ACCELERATING CONNECTIONS (600 1450) During the Medieval times the Latin West had fallen backward and was far behind the Islamic world in intellectual achievements. In the
More informationMuslim Empires Chapter 19
Muslim Empires 1450-1800 Chapter 19 AGE OF GUNPOWDER EMPIRES 1450 1800 CHANGED THE BALANCE OF POWER This term applies to a number of states, all of which rapidly expanded during the late 15th and over
More informationMedieval Matters: The Middle Age
Medieval Matters: The Middle Age 400-1500 The Roman Empire Falls (376) and Western World Ignites DYK - Son of a Gun - Comes from the Medieval Knights view that firearms were evil Byzantine Empire Eastern
More informationcorrelated to the Missouri Grade Level Expectations Grade 6 Objectives
correlated to the Missouri Grade 6 Objectives McDougal Littell 2006 World History: Medieval Early 2006 correlated to the Missouri PRINCIPLES OF CONSTITUTIONAL DEMOCRACY World History: Medieval Early 1.
More informationO"oman Empire. AP World History 19a
O"oman Empire AP World History 19a Founded by Turks Started in Anatolia Controlled Balkan Peninsula and parts of eastern Europe Acquired much of the Middle East, North Africa, and region between the Black
More informationNew Visions Global History Curriculum 9th Grade Pacing Calendar Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday 1 2 3
September 2016 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Class Norms and Procedures What are our class norms and procedures? Class Norms and Procedures What are our class norms and procedures? 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Eid al-adha
More informationOverview: Making of Empire
Overview: Making of Empire Part 4: Defining the State: Suleiman the Magnificent and the waning 16 th C. (Sept. 17) Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-1566) The TUGHRA of Suleiman the Magnificent Sultan s Signature
More informationThis section intentionally blank
WEEK 1-1 1. In what city do you live? 2. In what county do you live? 1. In what state do you live? 2. In what country do you live? 1. On what continent do you live? (p. RA6) 2. In what two hemispheres
More informationThe Power of the Church
Questions 1. How powerful was the Roman Catholic Church? 2. What were the Crusades? 3. What caused the Crusades? 4. Why was the First Crusade unsuccessful? 5. Which Muslim leader took over Jerusalem during
More information9. Why is Timur important to world history?
1. The Hundred Years War between England and France (1337 1453) was comparable to which conflict in Ming China during the fifteenth century? a. a) The Taiping Rebellion Incorrect. The answer is d. Ming
More informationOsman s Dream : defining the early Ottomans
Osman s Dream : defining the early Ottomans Islam Empire of Faith: the Ottomans (pt. 1) [PBS Documentary, available on DVD and on youtube.com ] Origins of Ottomans: Issues? Ottomans: - nomadic, Turkish
More informationREGIONAL AND TRANSREGIONAL INTERACTIONS C
Period 3 (Solberg APWH) REGIONAL AND TRANSREGIONAL INTERACTIONS C. 600-1450 TRADE ROUTES GET BIGGER & BETTER! Old trade routes keep on getting more extensive as transportation & tech improve Powerful trading
More informationNomadic Empires and Eurasian Integration States and Societies of Sub-Saharan Africa
Nomadic Empires and Eurasian Integration States and Societies of Sub-Saharan Africa Between the eleventh and fifteenth centuries, nomadic peoples became heavily involved in Eurasian affairs. Turkish peoples
More informationArabian Peninsula Most Arabs settled Bedouin Nomads minority --Caravan trade: Yemen to Mesopotamia and Mediterranean
I. Rise of Islam Origins: Arabian Peninsula Most Arabs settled Bedouin Nomads minority --Caravan trade: Yemen to Mesopotamia and Mediterranean Brought Arabs in contact with Byzantines and Sasanids Bedouins
More informationLecture 14. Global Economy and the Rise of Gunpowder States
Lecture 14 Global Economy and the Rise of Gunpowder States Four Dimensions 1.Alterity: sense of otherness; non-self a. not a mere encounter! But cultural construction of others 2. Knowledge: 3. Sovereignty
More informationRead Chapters from your textbook. Answer the following short answer and multiple choice questions based on the readings in the space provided.
Chapter 14: Civilization in Eastern Europe: Byzantium and Orthodox Europe Chapter 15: A New Civilization Emerges in Western Europe Chapter 16: The Americas on the Eve of Invasion Read Chapters 14-16 from
More informationWorld History I. Robert Taggart
World History I Robert Taggart Table of Contents To the Student.............................................. v A Note About Dates........................................ vii Unit 1: The Earliest People
More informationDefining Ottoman : Legacy of a Dream
Defining Ottoman : Legacy of a Dream Mehmet & Constantinople Issues to address 14 th -15 th c: - Succession - Borders - Administrative infrastructure Mehmet & Constantinople Succession: - Traditional Mongol-Turk
More informationText 6: The Effects of the Crusades. Topic 7: Medieval Christian Europe ( ) Lesson 4: Economic Expansion and Change: The Crusades and After
Text 6: The Effects of the Crusades Topic 7: Medieval Christian Europe (330-1450) Lesson 4: Economic Expansion and Change: The Crusades and After BELLWORK How did the Crusades lead to the Age of Exploration?
More informationWhat is Islam? Second largest religion in the world. 1.2 Billion Muslims (20% of earth population) Based on beliefs on Jews & Christians
Islamic Religion What is Islam? Second largest religion in the world 1.2 Billion Muslims (20% of earth population) Began in modern day Saudi Arabia Based on beliefs on Jews & Christians Abraham is first
More informationThe Spread of Islam Through West Africa
The Spread of Islam Through West Africa A Different Pattern By Kaitlyn Ashburn, Izzy Herringer, and McKenzie Belt Arrival Muslim Traders first brought Islam into West Africa Came across Sahara Not brought
More informationBell Activity page 105
Bell Activity page 105 Think about the difference between renting and owning property. Do renters have as much control over property as owners? Why might some people want to buy a home rather than rent
More informationName: Period 4: 1450 C.E C.E.
Chapter 22: Transoceanic Encounters and Global Connections Chapter 23: The Transformation of Europe 1. Why didn't powerful countries like China, India, and Japan take a concerted interest in exploring?
More information1. What initiated early Western European Empires to expand? What role did geography play?
World History Advanced Placement Unit 4: THE EARLY MODERN WORLD 1450 1750 Chapter 13 Political Transformations: Empires and Encounters, 1450 1750 Learning Targets To introduce students to the variety of
More information