INTRODUCTION GREETING PERSONAL INFORMATION USEFUL EXPRESSIONS NUMERALS

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1 Table of Contents INTRODUCTION Tamazight: The Language of Free People...1 Learning Tamazight...1 Transcription of Tamazight...2 GREETING Greeting...8 Personal Pronouns...11 Possessive Pronouns...11 Masculine and Feminine Nouns...12 The verb "TO HAVE"...13 Practice...14 PERSONAL INFORMATION Nationalities, Cities and Marital Status...15 The verb "TO BE"...18 Independent Pronouns...19 The Possessive word "win/tin" Practice USEFUL EXPRESSIONS Mealtime expressions Thanking expressions Expressions for night time/sleeping Hygiene/cleanliness expressions Offering help/ Asking for favors Asking for Permissions Being Sick Transportation Expressions Apologies and Responses Congratulations Communications NUMERALS Cardinal numbers Ordinal Numbers / Fractions Fractions Time Practice... 36

2 GETTING STARTED SHOPPING Money At the tahanut Verb "TO WANT"...41 "THERE IS/ THERE ARE"...41 Practice FAMILY Family Members Family Expressions Practice DIRECTIONS Prepositions Directions The Imperative...51 Negation of The Imperative Practice DAILY ROUTINE Present Time Expressions Present Tense Present Tense Negation Forming The Imperative Continuous Practice PAST EVENTS Days of the week Months of the year The seasons Past Time Expressions The Past Tense Negation of The Past Tense Have You Ever / I've Never Object Pronouns The Participle...81 Practice BARGAINING General Bargaining Informations Bargaining Expressions and Vocabulary Clothing...91 Colors... 93

3 Regular Adjectives Adjectives As Verbs Adjectives As Participles Comparative and Superlative Adjectives Practice SHOPPING FOR FOOD Fruits and Vegetables Units of measurements Spices and Meat Practice FOOD AND DRINK Food and Drink At the café At the restaurant The Reflexive Verb TO PLEASE/ TO LIKE The Verb TO NEED, TO HAVE TO, MUST, SHOULD The Verb TO WANT, TO LIKE Practice MEDICAL AND BODY Body Parts Health Problems Practice SITE VISIT EXPRESSIONS TRAVEL Future Time Expressions Forming The Future Tense Future Tense Negation Using verbs consecutively Travel Travel expressions Practice AT THE POST OFFICE General Informations Post Office Vocabulary Practice AT THE HOTEL Hotel Accommodation The Conditional...145

4 Negation of The Conditional "mk/mš" Conditional DESCRIBING THE PEACE CORPS MISSION Peace Corps Environment Health Small Business Development RENTING A HOUSE Finding a House Furnishing a House Practice SAFETY AND SECURITY Sexual Harassment At the Taxi Stand At Work Forgetting a Wallet in a Taxi / Filing a Report Butagaz Theft Hash House Security / Doors and Windows Political Harassment APPENDICES Supplementary grammar lessons Advanced Verbs Nouns Adverbs Prepositions The Definite Article Participles of Proximity Linking Words and Conjunctions MOROCCAN HOLIDAYS Religious Holidays Moussems National Holidays Festivals GLOSSARY OF VERBS...207

5 Nom du document : TAMAZIGHT Table of Contents 2007 Répertoire : C:\Documents and Settings\Administrateur\Bureau\Tamazight calque Modèle : C:\Documents and Settings\Administrateur\Application Data\Microsoft\Modèles\Normal.dot Titre : Sujet : Auteur : Mots clés : Commentaires : Date de création : 27/11/ :45:00 N de révision : 2 Dernier enregistr. le : 27/11/ :45:00 Dernier enregistrement par : Temps total d'édition : 0 Minutes Dernière impression sur : 27/08/ :34:00 Tel qu'à la dernière impression Nombre de pages : 4 Nombre de mots : 488 (approx.) Nombre de caractères : (approx.)

6 1 Tamazight TAMAZIGHT THE LANGUAGE OF THE FREE PEOPLE. Tamazight, referred to as Berber in most western countries, actually refers to a group of widely varied dialects spoken across a much of North Africa. The word Tamazight is derived from the word Berbers use to refer to themselves, AMAZIGH. Over 3000 years old, today the varieties of Tamazight are spoken by an estimated 11 million people. Morocco is home to three dialects of the Tamazight family: Tamazight, TashlHeet and Tarifit. Tarifit is prevalent in the Northern Rif region, Tamazight is found in Eastern High Atlas and Tafilalt valley region, and TashlHeet covers an area from Marrakesh to Agadir and much of the Saharan region. In between each of these regions you will find a gradual mix of the dialects, making it very difficult to determine where one dialect begins and another ends. LEARNING TAMAZIGHT. Even under the best conditions, learning a new language can be challenging. Add to this challenge the rigors of Peace Corps training, and you are faced with what will be one of the most demanding _and rewarding_ aspects of your Peace Corps experience: learning to communicate to Moroccans in their own language. But it can be done. And rest assured that you can do it. Here are a few reasons why: You are immersed in the language: some people may need to hear a word three times to remember it; others may need thirty. Learning Tamazight while living and training with Moroccans gives you the chance to hear the language used again and again. You have daily language classes with Moroccan teachers: you are not only immersed in the language; you also have the opportunity to receive feedback from native speakers on the many questions that predictably crop up when one learns a new language. Peace Corps has over forty years of experience in Morocco: your training, including this manual, benefits from the collective experience gained by training thousands of Americans to live and work in Morocco. You will benefit from and contribute to that legacy. Despite these advantages,

7 2 Peace Corps/Morocco at times you may still feel like the task of learning Tamazight is too much to handle. Remember that Volunteers like toy having been doing it for decades, however. One of the most rewarding aspects of your time will be communicating with Tamazight, surprising them and yourself with how well you know the language. When that time arrives, your hard work will have been worth it. TRANSCRIPTION OF TAMAZIGHT. In order for trainees to move quickly into Tamazight, Peace Corps uses a system of transcription that substitutes characters of the Latin alphabet (a, b, أ ب ت ج.. script c, d, ) for characters from Arabic (. ). With this system, it isn t necessary for a trainee to learn all of Arabic script before he or she begins to learn to the language. On the contrary, once you became familiar with the system, of transcription, you will be able to read and write Tamazight fairly quickly-using characters you are familiar with. You will also learn Arabic script during training, but with transcription it isn t necessary to know it right away. Throughout the book, therefore, you will always see both the Arabic script and the transcription. Becoming familiar with the Peace Corps system of transcription is one of the best things you can do, early on, to help yourself learn Tamazight. Practicing the different sounds of Tamazight until you can reproduce them is another. This introduction is intended mainly to help you get started the system with of transcription, and as a result it will mention only briefly the different sounds of Tamazight. Sounds you already know. The large majority of consonants in Tamazight are similar to sounds that you have in English. The vowels in Tamazight are similar to English vowels. In the following table, each transcription character that represents a sound you already know will be explained. The sounds are not necessarily what you may expect, but each character was matched with a sound or good reasons. Transcription Character a Arabic Character ا / _ / ى / ة Description Sometimes the /ä/ in father, sometimes the /a/ in mad b ب the normal English sound /b/

8 3 Tamazight d د the normal English sound /d/ e _ / ا the short e sound /e/ as in met (this transcription character is not used often, only when confusion would be caused by using the transcription character a ) f ف the normal English sound /f/ g گ the normal English sound /g/ as in go h ه the normal English sound /h/ as in hi. i _ / ي the long ee sound /ē/ as in meet j ج the /zh/ sound represented by the s in pleasure k ك the normal English sound /k/ l ل the normal English sound /l/ m م the normal English sound /m/ n ن the normal English sound /n/ o و the long o sound /ō/ as in bone (this transcription character is not used often, mainly for French words that have entered Tamazight) p پ the normal English sound /p/ r ر This is not the normal English r, but a flap similar to the Spanish r or to the sound Americans make when they quickly say gotta as in I gotta go. s س the normal English sound /s/ t ت the normal English sound /t/ u و the long oo sound /ü/ as in food v ڤ the normal English sound /v/ w و the normal English sound /w/

9 4 Peace Corps/Morocco y ي the normal English sound /y/ z ز the normal English sound /z/ š ش the normal English sound /sh/ as in she Some vowel combinations ay اي the ay as in say au او the ow as in cow iu يو the ee you as in see you later New sounds. There are eight consonants in Tamazight that you do not have in English. It may take you some time to be able to pronounce these correctly. At this point, what s important is that you learn the transcription of these sounds. Transcription Arabic Sound Character Character ض d The Tamazight emphatic d These sounds are pronounced like their non-emphatic s t ص ط The Tamazight emphatic s The Tamazight emphatic t counterparts, but with a lower pitch and a greater tension in the tongue and throat. q x ā н ع ق خ غ ح ع Like the English /k/ but pronounced further back in the throat Like the ch in the German Bach; some people use this sound to say yech! Like the x sound above, but pronounced using your voice box; similar to the French r Like the English h, except pronounce deep in the throat as a loud raspy whisper. This sound will be difficult at first. It can be approximated by pronouncing the a in fat with the tongue against the bottom of the mouth and from as deep in the throat as possible

10 5 Tamazight Shedda. If you see a transcription character doubled, that means that a shedda is over that character in the Arabic script. For example, in the following table, you will see how the transcription changes for shedda, and thus the pronunciation. English Transcription Arabic Script Translation To drink su سو To water ssu س و This small character, which looks like a w, is the shedda. That is why the transcription has a doubled s. Notice that these two verbs are spelled differently in the transcription. The verb to drink does not have a shedda on the s in Arabic script, and that s why there is only one s in the transcription. The verb to water does have a shedda in the Arabic script, and that is why the transcription doubles the letter s. These two verbs are pronounced differently, so you must pay attention to doubled letters in the transcription.

11 6 Peace Corps/Morocco Other symbols. Sometimes, you will see a hyphen used in the transcription: it indicates the definite article. For some letters, the definite article (the word the ) is made by adding the letter L. For others, it is made by doubling the first letter. In both cases, a hyphen will be used to indicate to you that the word has the definite article in front of it. See page xxx for more information on the definite article. In these instances, the hyphen does not necessarily indicate a change in pronunciation. The hyphen is there to make it easy for you to see when a definite article is being used, for example. It is a visual indicator, not an indicator or pronunciation. Sometimes the rhythm of speech may seem to break with the hyphen; other times the letters before and after the hyphen will be pronounced together. Another symbol you will sometimes see is the apostrophe ( ). When you see an apostrophe, it indicates a glottal stop, which is the break between vowels as heard in the English exclamation uh oh. That is to say, if you see an apostrophe you should not connect the sounds before the apostrophe with the sounds after the apostrophe. Pronounce them with a break in the middle. Words and syllables without vowels. Sometimes you will see syllables or even whole words without any vowels written in them. This is normal in Tamazight. To the English speaker, however, this seems impossible, since we have always been taught that all words must contain a vowel sound. Which side is correct? Well, in a sense they both are. In reality, it is indeed possible to pronounce consonants together without articulating a vowel sound; you do it a lot in English at the beginning of words. Think about the word street. You pronounce these consonants (s, t, and r) without any vowels between them. So it is possible. The only challenge with Tamazight is that the consonant combinations are new for English speakers (you don t put the /sh/ sound next to the /m/ sound, for example, but in Tamazight we do. However, try for a moment to pronounce only the letters str, not the whole word street. In this case, most English speakers will hear something that sounds like the word stir, with certain consonant combinations, that is to say, it sound to the English speaker like there is a vowel in the middle, even if

12 7 Tamazight there isn t. The vowel is in reality just the normal sound made as one consonant sounds transitions to another. Part o learning Tamazight is becoming comfortable with new consonants combinations and practicing those combinations without necessarily placing a vowel in the middle. The transcription words, you will notice, only include characters for vowels when there really is a vowel in the word. It may seem difficult at first, but it is better to accustom yourself to this as early as you can. Why not just write sh. A final point about the transcription. At times it may seem overly complicated to someone beginning Tamazight. For example, why doesn t it just use sh for the /sh/ sound? The answer is this: well, in Tamazight it is normal for the /h/ sound to follow the /s/ sound. If we use the sh to represent /sh/ sound, there would not be any way to represent /s/ plus /h/ sound, because it possible to represent /s/ plus /h/ and /sh/ plus /h/ (yes, in Tamazight both these combinations are used). All of this concerns a larger point: the transcription system used in this book may appear complex at first, but it has been carefully thought out and in the end it is the easiest system possible. That said, the sooner you can make the transition to reading Arabic script, the easier it will be to pronounce Tamazight correctly.

13 8 Peace Corps/Morocco GREETING Objective: by the end of this chapter, you will be able to: Greet people and introduce yourself. Cultural points. Greetings and farewells (good byes) are two important aspects of Moroccan life. Greetings are not to be compared with the quick American HI. It takes time for two people to exchange different questions and answers which interest them about each other, their families, and life in general. Greetings change from one region to another, both in the questions posed and in the fashion of the greeting (i.e. shaking hands, kissing cheeks head or hands, or putting one s hand over one s heart after shaking hands). If you greet a group of people, then the way you greet the first person is the way you should greet everyone in the group. Don t be surprised if you are greeted by a friend but he does not introduce you to other people with whom he may be talking. Do not be surprised if you are in a group and you are not greeted as others are in the group (people may be shy to greet a stranger.) It is also not necessary to give an overly detailed response to a greeting only the usual response is expected. For example, How are you? requires only a simple Fine, thanks be to God. How do people greet each other in different cultures?

14 9 Tamazight Greeting expressions and appropriate responses. A: Peace be upon you B: And peace be upon you (too) A: Good morning B: Good morning A: Good afternoon / evening B: Good afternoon / evening A: May God help you B: And peace be with you s-salamu laykumع wa laykumع s-salam sḅah l-xir sḅah l-xir ms l-xir ms l-xir lla yعawn lla ysllm ا ẇ ҟم عǑيΚ۷ وعǑيΚ۷ ا ẇ ҟم صباح الخير مس الخير االله يعاون االله يΚǑẇ مايد تعنيت tعnit How are you? mayd مايد ديس تعنيت tعnit How are you doing? mayd dis باس ا مد الله Good, thanks be to God labas, l-hamdullah تگا مان It s fine tga lman Goodbye (I leave you in peace) ي" Κ اس گ مان qim as g lman تم$#ت د وايد Goodbye (You go in peace) tmunt d wayd إسΚ Name ism مẇمن ' mismnk? What is your name? إسمن$ isminu My name is إسمن ' ismnk Your name is (m) Your name is (f) ismnm إسمنΚ His/Her name is ismns إسمنس

15 10 Peace Corps/Morocco Greeting dialogue. كريس : لباس labas? Chris: موحا : لباس Moha: labas كريس : مايد تعنيت tعnit? Chris: may Moha: labas tعnit l-xir. is thnna āurk? تعنيت الخير لباس موحا : ا س تهنا غورك كريس : لباس تهنا thnna. Chris: labas موحا : مسمنك mismnk? Moha: كريس : ا سمينو كريس ا كي kiy? Chris: isminu Chris. i ا سمينو موحا Moha. Moha: isminu Chris: qim as g lman. قم اس گ لمان موحا : كريس : موحا : تمونت د وايض wayd. Moha: tmunt d

16 11 Tamazight GRAMMATICAL POINTS PERSONAL PRONOUNS; # ' /# ۷ ي ( nkkin I nk, آ * / آيي ( kyyin You (masculine singular) Kiy, آΚ / آمي ( kmmin You (feminine singular) Km, He She We You (masculine plural) You (feminine plural) They (masculine) They (feminine) ntta nttat nkni knni knnimti nitni nitnti #+ا #+ات # ۷ ن * آن * آن ي م+ * ي# +ن * ي# +ن+ * POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS. In Tamazight, a suffix (ending) may be added to the end of words in order to express possession. It s a combination of a pronoun and the preposition n (of). Singular Plural ن 1 Our _nā ن$ / ين$ * inu My _nu / ن$ن Your (m) _nun ن ' _nk Your (m) # ۷ نت Your (f) _nknt نΚ Your (f) _nm نẇ Their (m) _nsn ( نس His _ns نẇنت Their (f) _nsnt نس Her _ns *For the personal possessive my ( _nu) is used for words ending in vowels, while ( _inu) is used for words ending in consonants.

17 12 Peace Corps/Morocco Examples: تد ارت House taddart تد راتينو My house taddartinu تد ارتنك Your house (m, s) taddartnk تد ارتنم Your house (f, s) taddartnm تد ارتنس His house taddartns تد ارتنس Her house taddartns تد ارتنغ Our house taddartnā تد ارتنون Your house (m, p) taddartnun تد ارتنكنت Your house (f, p) taddartnknt تد ارتنسن Their house (m) taddartnsn تد ارتنسنت Their house (f) taddartnsnt MASCULINE AND FEMININE NOUNS. The masculine form. In general, all nouns beginning with a, i, or u are masculine. أ Ǒ3 وس Rooster afullus أ م 5 ي 4 Berber man amaziā إ س Tongue ils إزي Fly izi أودم Face udm أول Heart ul Feminine nouns. Generally, all nouns beginning with t are feminine. ت 5 ر 9 يت Carpet tazrbit ت;$يت Sun tafuyt تẇنت Salt tisnt

18 13 Tamazight تي ҟس Darkness tillas تم 5 ي>ت Berber woman tamaziāt تيǑ Female sheep tili * تم>را Wedding tamāra تما Edge tama THE VERB TO HAVE (āur). In Tamazight, there is no infinitive form of the verb to have (āur), but it is nevertheless conjugated as such: I have āuri =$ري You (m, s) have āurk =$رك You (f, s) have āurm =$رم He / She has āurs =$رس We have āurnā =$ر 1# You (m, p) have āurun =$رون You (f, p) have āurknt =$ر آنت They (m) have āursn =$ر% ( =$ر%نت They (f) have āursnt To make the negative form in Tamazight we usually add the prefix ur.

19 14 Peace Corps/Morocco PRACTICE Exercise 1: use the following words with the appropriate possessive pronoun suffix. الكتاب Book l-ktab تفوناست Cow tafunast ا گران Fields igran 1. Your (f, p) book. 5. Your (f, s) fields. 2. Their (m) cow. 6. Our book. 3. My fields. 7. Your (m, p) fields. 4. Her book. 8. Their (f) cow. Exercise 2: fill in the blanks using the appropriate form of the verb TO HAVE. 1. Ali and Fatima three cats. 1. Ali d fatima krad imaššun. 1. علي د فاطمة كراض ا ما شون. 2. I 25 years old. 2. nk 25 amع.2 نك 25 عام. 3. Do you some water please? 3. is kan waman ( afakع) sahha? 3. ا س كان ومان صحا (عفاك) 4. The girls of the country beautiful eyes. 4. tirbatin n tmazirt aln ihlan تيرباتين ن تمازيرت ا لن ا حلان..4

20 15 Tamazight PERSONAL INFORMATION Objective: by the end of this chapter, you will be able to: Cultural points. Ask and answer questions about nationalities, cities, age, and marital status. Avoid asking about the salary and age (sometimes) of people, especially women. Men should not enquire about the wives or other female relations of someone this could be seen as expressing an inappropriate interest. People won t always tell you about their jobs and other personal concerns if not asked. Religion can be a sensitive issue and sometimes people are not willing to express their views. Vocabulary and expressions: ا مي ا ي تگيت tgit? Where are you (m) from? umi ay ا تمي ا ي تگيت tgit? Where are you (f) from? utmi ay گيغ سگ مريكان mirikan. I am from the US. giā sg I am American. giā amirikani (m) tamirikanit(f) گيغ امريكاني/تمريكانيت گيغ سگ المغرب l-mārib. I am from Morocco. giā sg I am Moroccan. giā amāribi giā tamāribit گيغ امغربي گيغ تمغريبيت ٳس تگيت? tgit Are you? is ٳس تگيت سگ مريكان mirikan? Are you from the US? is tgit sg Where are you from in the US? ما سگ تگيت گ مريكان mirikan? ma sg tgit g ٳكي/ٳكم (f)? And you? i kiy (m) / i km تمزيرت City tamazirt الولاية State l-wilaya تخاتر Big (f) txatr تمزي Small (f) tmzziy

21 16 Peace Corps/Morocco سامحي samhi. Excuse me. ٲورگيغ giā... I am not ur وليني / ولكن But walaynni/walakin تويترغ (مخطوبة ( (mxtụba) Engaged (f) ttuyattrā ٳس تولت tiwlt? Are you married (m, f)? is ٲهو/لا ٲرتا / لا سولغ sulā. No, not yet. uhu/la, urta/ la ٳس تگيت تورست turist? Are you a tourist? is tgit I work with the Peace Corps. Dialogue: da xddmā d hay at s-salam. د خدمغ د هيي ة السلام Fatima: lla yعawn. Tom: lla ysllm. Fatima: may tعnit? labas? Tom: labas tعnit l-xir, i km? Fatima: labas l-hamdullah. samhi, is tgit afransawi? Tom: uhu, giā sg mirikan. Fatima: matta tmazirt g mirkian? Tom: sg tamdint n Seattle, g l-wilaya n Washington. i km? Fatima: giā sg Ouarzazate. Tom: šhal ayd āurm g l-عmr? Fatima: āuri tnayna u šrinع. amع i kiy? Tom: āuri rbعa u tlatin. amع Fatima: is tiwlt? Tom: uhu, sulā. i km? Fatima: awd nk, sulā. is tgit turist? Tom: uhu, nk da xddmā d hay at فاطمة : االله يعاون. طوم : االله يسلم. فاطمة : ماي تعنيت لباس طوم : لباس تعنيت الخير ا كم لباس الحمد الله. سامحي ا س تگيت ٲفرنسوي فاطمة : طوم : ٲهو گيغ سگ مريكان. فاطمة : م تا تمازيرت گ مريكان سگ تمدينت ن سياتل گ الولاية ن ا كم واشنطن. طوم : فاطمة : گيغ سگ ورزازات. شحال ايد غورم العمر گ طوم : فاطمة : غوري تناينو عشرين عام. ٳكي طوم : غوري ربعة و تلاتين عام. فاطمة : ٳس تولت طوم : ا وهو سولغ. ٳ كم فاطمة : ا ود نك سولغ. ٳس تگيت تورست طوم : نك دا خدمغ د هيي ة السلام.

22 17 Tamazight s-salam. Fatima: llah yhnnik. Tom: llah yعawn فاطمة : االله يهنيك. طوم : االله يعاون.

23 18 Peace Corps/Morocco GRAMMATICAL POINTS THE VERB TO BE. The verb TO BE (is, are was, etc..) in English can indicate condition/description for example: I am tired, or place foe example: I am in the restaurant. In Tamazight, these two cases are handled by two different verbs. The verb g indicates a condition, while the verb ili indicates location/place. TO BE : condition/description. g گ I am Giā Aي 1 We are nga # Bا You are (m/f, s) Tgit تBيت You are (m, p) tgam تBام He is Iga إ گا You are (f, p) tgamt تBامت She is Tga تBا They are (m) gan Aان Examples: They are (f) gant Aا#ت نك( ( گيغ ا مغربي. amāribi I am Moroccan. (nk) giā ) ن تا) إ گا المعلم. l-muعllim. He is a teacher. (ntta) iga ا ور گيغ ا فرنساوي. afransawi. I am not French. ur giā TO BE : location place. ili إ لي I am Lliā ي 1 We are nlla Cҟ # You are (m/f, s) Tllit تǑ يت You are (m, p) tllam ت ҟ م He is Illa إCD You are (f, p) tllamt ت ҟ مت

24 19 Tamazight She is Tlla Cҟ ت They are (m) llan D ن They are (f) llant D #ت To negate g and ili we add ur before the verb and we change all the (a) to (i). Examples: Is Khadija at home? There is no water in the tap. The girls are not here. Is there bread in the store? is tlla khadija g l-madrasa? ur llin waman g r-robini. ur llint trbatin da. is illa uārum g thanut? إس ت GديجE ҟ گ ا مدرسE أور ي ( ومان گ ا ر و 9 ين *. أور ينت تر 9 اتي ( دا. إس إD أ=روم گ ت ا#$ت INDEPENDENT PRONOUNS. These pronouns can refer to a specific thing/person or set of things/people without using the noun. This one (m) wa و These ones (m) This one (m) watx/wadx ودخ / وتJ These ones (m) This one (f) ta تا These ones (f) This one (f) tatx تاتJ These ones (f) That one (m) wan وان Those ones (m) That one (f) نا tan Those ones ت (f) wi witx/widx ti titx win tin وي وي+ J / ويدخ ت * تي+ J وي ( تي (

25 20 Peace Corps/Morocco Examples: تا تخاتر txatr. This one is big. ta ري 1 وان / تان wan/tan. I want that one. riā م+ا وا wa? Who is this? matta THE POSSESSIVE WORDS WIN / TIN. If the object is masculine If the object is feminine تين$ tinu وين$ Mine winu تن ' tinnk وين ' winnk Yours (m, s) تنΚ tinnm وينΚ Yours (f, s) winnm تنس tinns وينس His/ Hers winns تينJ / تين 1 tinnx/tinnā وينJ / وين 1 Ours winnx/winnā تن$ن tinnun و#$ن Yours (m, p) winnun تن ۷ نت tinknt و# ۷ نت Yours (f, p) winknt تنẇ tinsn ( و# ẇ Theirs (m) winsn ( تنẇنت tinsnt وينẇنت Theirs (f) winsnt Examples: ۷ +اب ا تJ وين$ winu. This book is mine. l-ktabtx تF 9ҟي+ي ( تين ' tinnk. That jellaba is yours. tajllabitin Asking about possession. The possessive words win and tin may be used with mi or id to mean whose. Whose book is this? l-ktaba? win mi وي ( م * ا ۷ +ا 9 ا It s Larry s. Larry. win وي ( Dري Whose house is this? taddarta? tin mi تي ( م * تدارتا

26 21 Tamazight تي ( مرد يM It s Meridith s. tin Meridith. تي ( م * ت;$# ẇ +ا tafunasta? Whose cow is this? tin mi ت;$# ẇ +ا تي ( عيEN. išaع This cow is Aicha s. tafunasta tin إد ت;$# ẇ +ا تي ( عيEN? išaع Is this cow Aicha s. id tafunasta tin ييO تينس tinns. Yes, it s hers. yeh,

27 22 Peace Corps/Morocco PRACTICE Exercise 1: complete each section of this dialogue.

28 _ 23 Tamazight Exercise 2: Ask a question about possession for each picture. Then, give the correct answer. The first one is for you. Hassan Q: win mi ayd iga l-bišklit tx? A: l-bišklit tx iga win нassan. ون مي ا يد ا گا البشكليت تخ ال بشكليت تخ ا گا ون ح س ن.? Said Q:? A: sعid. سعيد.? Ahmed Q:? A: aнmd. ا حمد.? Aziz Q:? :A. azizع? عزيز.

29 24 Peace Corps/Morocco Exercise 3: substitute the underlined words with the corresponding possessive pronoun endings. ا $Ǒي+ẇ نQ $ز 3 ي ( Josephine. s-stilu n taddart n Aicha d Amina. aāyul n LaHsen. تدارت ن عيEN د أ =ي$ل ن ẇ ( أ مينE

30 USEFUL EXPRESSIONS 25 Tamazight Here are some expressions to help you with homestay, travel, and other situations where your language may not yet be at a point where you are able to communicate well in Tamazight. MEALTIME EXPRESSIONS In the name of God. (said when you begin an activity: eating, drinking, working, studying, traveling, etc) Thanks to God. (said ater finishing a meal, or qfter expressing that all is well in life) I don t eat Meat Eggs Fish Chiken bismillah. l-hamdullah/nhmd as i rbbi. ur da-ttšaā... aksum/tifiyi tiglay islman ifullusn. إر 9 *. Κẇ9 االله ا مد االله / # مداس أوردا ت+ Nاغ...أ آẇ $م/ ت;يي * تگلاي ٳسǑمان ٳǑ3 $% ( I drink tea/ coffee without sugar. da ssaā atay/l-qhwa bla skkar. دساغ أتاي / ا TUوة ҟ 9 س ۷ ر. دتNاغ آ$ N I eat everything. da ttšaā kulši..* دتNاغ =اس الخضرت. l-xudṛt. I eat vegetables only. da ttšaā āas أوردگي مايد ٳتNان. ittšan. I don t feel like eating. ur digi mayd ري 1 =اس āas I want just / only riā I don t want to have breakfast. ur riā ad fdṛā. أوري 1 أد V3 رغ. م ۷ ҟ ت W ;$ت. tat fut. The food is delicious. l-makla دQي 1#$. djiwnā. I m full. I want to learn how to cook. May God replenish / reward you. (said after a meal to thank the host) riā ad llmāع ad snuā. llay xlf / ad ixlf rbbi. أدسن$غ. يخXǑ ر 9 *. ري 1 أدعǑم 1 االله يخXǑ / أد

31 26 Peace Corps/Morocco To your health ( said to someone after eating, drinking, coming out of the Hammam, wearing new clothes, having a hair cut, etc).عynf bsṣḥha / ak Y9 ا / أك ين; 4. May God grant your health too. (response to the above) ad ak ik rbbi s -sạht. أداك ٳك ر 9 * ا YاZت. THANKING EXPRESSIONS ] ۷ را / صح ا. sạhha. Thank you. šukran / You re welcome. blajmil..\ Qمي ҟ 9 May God bless your parents. ad irhm rbbi l-walidinnk/nm.. Κ#/ أد إرΚZ ر 9 * ا $ا دين ' EXPRESSIONS FOR NIGHT TIME/ SLEEPING أ و 1ǑZ I am tired. uhlā.. I want to read a little bit. riā ad ārā imih/imiq. ٳمي^. ري 1 أد =رغ ٳمي ] / ري 1 أد دوغ أد گنغ. ad-gnā. I want to go to bed. riā ad dduā Where am I going to sleep? Excuse me, I want to go to bed. manig nna ad gnā. sạmhi, riā ad dduā ad gnā. ما # * گنا أد گنغ. %امح * ري 1 أد دوغ أد گنغ. ري 1 أد گنغ زي.' zik. I want to sleep early. riā ad gnā ري 1 أد# ۷ رغ زي.' zik. I want to get up early. rig ad nkrā ري 1 يات ا N۷ ا / ا ما # Wا. l-mantạ. I want a blanket. riā yat l-kašša /

32 ك ا 27 Tamazight HYGIENE AND CLEANLINESS EXPRESSIONS I want to wash my hands with soap. riā ad ssirdā ifassninu s s -sạbun. ري 1 أدسيردغ إ 3 ا %نين$ س ا Y ا 9 $ن. ري 1 أد سيردغ ت$=ماسين$. tuāmasinu. I want to brush my teeth. riā ad ssirdā ري 1 أم نا إ #$ان ع;اك.. afakع I want hot water please. rig aman inwan ري 1 أد دوش 1. duwšā. I want to take a shower. riā ad ري 1 أد دوغ س ا مام. l-hmmam. I want to go the Hammam. riā ad dduā s I want to change my clothes. riā ad bddlā ihruyninu / iعbaninu. ري 1 أد 9 د 1 ٳZروينن$/ ٳعبا#ن$. ما# * 9 يت ا ما ع;اك? afakع Where is the toilet please? mani bit l-ama ري 1 أد صبن 1 إZروينين$. ihruyninu. I want to do laundry. riā ad sḅbnā Where can I do laundry? mani gnna ad sḅbnā ihruyninu? ما # * گنا أد صبن 1 إ Zروينين$ OFFERING HELP/ ASKING FOR FAVORS Can I help you? ad ak? awnāع / ad am? awnāع عاو 1# /أد أد أم عاو 1#. %امح.* samhi. Excuse me? آ * ع;اك 3/ * ع;اك.. afakع afakع... / fi Please, give me. ki BEING SICK مر 1_. mrd ā. I am sick. ري 1 أد س$ #;$غ امي.] imih. I want to rest a bit. riā ad swunfuā إس تBيت باس / إس تجيت tjjit? Do you feel better. is tgit labas / is TRANSPORTATION EXPRESSIONS ري 1 أد دوغ س s I want to go to... riā ad dduā أوي * س...ع;اك.. afakع... s Take me to... please. awiyi I want to pay for two seats. riā ad xlls ā snat l-blays. ري 1 أد 1YǑG %نات ا ب ҟي `.

33 28 Peace Corps/Morocco 9 د دا ع;اك.. afakع Stop here please. bdd da [ ال إ ا ب ҟصت l-blasṭ? How much is a seat? šhal i APOLOGIES AND RESPONSES ما [ * م ۷N It s not a problem maši muškil..\ إ هن ا ا ال. l-hal. It s OK ihnna آان باس أور إ.* illi. There s no problem kan lbas ur CONGRATULATIONS مبروك. mbruk. Congratulations. Happy holiday. May god grant you peace. (response to mbruk ) ambark l-عid / ambark lعwachr lla ybark fik. مبارك ا عيد / مبارك ا ع$ا ]ر. االله يبارك 3 ي '. COMMUNICATIONS أ ورT3 يم 1. fhimā. I don t understand. ur أورسين 1. ssinā. I don t know. ur %+اوي \ ع;اك.. afakع Slowly please sttawil عاود س+اوي \ ع;اك.. afakع awdع sttawil please. Repeat slowly

34 29 Tamazight NUMBERS Objective: by the end of this chapter, you will be able to: Count in Tamazight. Combine numbers with nouns too indicate amounts. Ask and answer questions about time. CARDINAL NUMBERS. One (m) yan يان One (f) yat يات %ي ( sin Two (m) Two (f) snat %نات Three (m) krad آراض Three (f) krat آراط Four rbعa ر 9 عE Five xmsa EẇمG Six stta E +% Seven sbعa %بعE Eight tmnya تمنيE Nine tsعud ت سع$د Ten šraع عNرة Combining the numerals 1-3 with a noun. Masculine form Feminine form One yan يان yat يات Two sin %ي ( snat %نات Three krad آراض krat آراط Examples: Two glasses sin l-kisan %ي ( ا ۷ يẇان Two houses tadrwin snat n %نات ن تادروي (

35 30 Peace Corps/Morocco آراض ن ا ۷ يẇان Three glasses krad n l-kissan آراط ن تادروي ( tadrwin Three houses krat n For numbers 4-10 use: NUMBER + n + PLURAL NOUN. Examples: ر 9 عE ن ت;$#اسي ( tfunasin rbعa n Four cows عNرة ن ا درا هΚ šraع n d-drahm Ten dirhams For numbers above 10, however, the singular form of the noun is used: Examples: NUMBER + n + SINGULAR NOUN تمنطاش ن ا وسگاس Eighteen years tmntạš n usggas تناين وعشرين ن ا رگ زا šrinع n urgaz Twenty two men tnayn u خمسين ن تم طوت Fifty women xmsin n tamtṭụt ا لف ن ا سكلو ن الت فاح 1000 apple trees alf n usklu n t-tffah Numbers progressions from 11 to Eleven нdạš VZاش Twelve tṇaš fناش تWǑ اش Thirteen tlt aš ر 9 عطاش rbعt aš Fourteen Fifteen xmstạš GمWẇاش Sixteen stṭạš % W اش %بعطاش sbعt aš Seventeen تمنطاش Eighteen tmntạš تẇعطاش tsعtạš Nineteen عNري ( šrinع Twenty واZد و عNري ( šrinع Twenty one wahd u تنا ي ( و عNري ( šrinع Twenty two tnayn u ت Eتҟ و عNري ( šrinع Twenty three tlata u

36 شWا 31 Tamazight ر 9 عE و عNري ( šrinع rbعa u Twenty four ت ҟتي ( tlatin Thirty واZد و ت ҟ تي ( tlatin Thirty one wahd u تني ( و ت ҟتي ( tlatin Thirty two tnayn u ر 9 عي ( rbعin Forty واZد و ر 9 عي ( rbعin Forty one wahd u Fifty xmsin ( Gمẇي %+ي ( sttin Sixty %بعي ( sbعin Seventy تما #يي ( tmanyin Eighty تẇعي ( tsعin Ninety تẇع$د و تẇعي ( tsعin tsعud u Ninety nine ميE One hundred miya ميE و واZد One hundred one miya u wahd ميE و Q $ج One hundred two miya u juj ميE و ت Eتҟ One hundred three miya u tlata ميE و عNرة šraع One hundred ten miya u ميE و تẇع$د و تẇعي ( tsعin tsعud u One hundred ninty nine miya u مي+اي ( miyatayn Two hundred Two hundred seventy five miyatayn u xmsa u sbعin مي+اي ( و EẇمG و سبعي ( تǑت ميE Three hundred tlt miya ت 4ẇ ميE و تẇع$د و تẇعي ( tsعin tsعud u tsعmiya u Nine hundred ninety nine أ X One thousand alf One thousand nine hundred sixteen alf u tsعmiya u stṭạš أ X و ت 4ẇ ميE و س أ ;ي ( alfayn Two thousand Two thousand twenty two alfayn u tnayn u šrinع أ ;ي ( و تناي ( و عNري (

37 32 Peace Corps/Morocco تǑت أDف Three thousand tlt alaf عNر أDف šrع alaf Ten thousand ORDINAL NUMBERS. For masculine: wis + cardinal number. For feminine: tis + cardinal number. Masculine Feminine ت م 5 وروت tamzwarut ا مزو رو The first amzwaru ت سنات tisnat وسين The second wissin ت س ۷ راط tiskrat وسكراض The third wiskrad ت سر 9 عE tisrbعa وسربعة wisrbعa The fourth ت سخمEẇ tisxmsa وسخمسة The fifth wisxmsa ت س + E tisstta وس تة The sixth wisstta ت س بعE tissbعa وس بعة wissbعa The seventh ت س+منيE tistmnya وستمنية The eighth wistmnya تẇ+ẇع$د tistsعud وستسعود wistsعud The ninth ت سعNرة tisعšra وسعشرة wisعšra The tenth + مBاروت tamggarut ا مگارو The last amggaru Examples: عي \ أم 5 وارو lعil amzwaru The first boy تد ارت تẇ ر 9 عE tisrbعa The fourth house taddart أس أمگارو The last day as amggaru

38 33 Tamazight FRACTIONS Half ns ` # تǑ ت Third tulut ر 4 9 / ر 49 عrb / عrubu Fourth لخ م س fifth lxumus

39 34 Peace Corps/Morocco TIME To express time, we use the appropriate number with the Arabic definite article. This means that for 1:00, 5:00, 10:00, and 11:00, we will use the letter L before the number, while for the others; we will double the first letter. One l-whda Seven ا $ Zدة s-sbعa ا ẇبعe Two j-juj Right ا F $ج t-tmnya ا +منيE Three t-tlata Nine ا + Eتҟ t-tsعud ا + ẇع$د Four r-rbعa Ten ا ر 9 عE l-عšra ا عNرة Fove l-xmsa Eleven الخمEẇ l-hdạš ا Vاش Six s-stta twelve ا E +ẇ t -tṇaš ا Wناش For telling time in Tamazight, we use the Arabic prepositions. Before ql \ " Twenty minutes tulut تǑ ت And U و Half ns ` # Exactly nišan #يNان Quarter to llarub D ر ب Quarter ر 49 عrb Five minutes qsṃ ΚY" Ten minutes qsṃayn " Yم ي ( Some expressions of asking and answering about time. [ ال / مN +ا گ تẇاعت tassaعt? What time is it? šhal/mšta g ا $ Zدة#يNان nišan. It is exactly one o clock. l-whda It is five minutes past two. j-juj u qsṃ. ا F $ج و ΚY" It is ten minutes past three. ا + Eتҟ و ΚY" t-tlata u qsṃayn. ا ر 9 عE و ر 49.عrb r-rbعa u It is quarter past four. It is 20 miknutes past five. l-xmsa u tulut. تǑ $ت الخمEẇ و

40 35 Tamazight It is 25 minutes past six. ا E+ẇ وGمEẇ و عNري (. šrinع s-stta u xmsa u ا ẇبعe و # ` ns. s-sbعa u It is seven thirty. ا +منيE EẇمG \ " و عNري (. šrinع It is seven thirty-five. t-tmnya ql xmsa u ا + ẇع$د " \ تǑ $ت tulut. t-tsعud ql It is 20 minutes to nine. ا عNرة " \ ر 49.عrb l-عšra ql It is a quarter to ten. ا Vاش " \ " Yمي ( qsṃayn. It is ten two eleven. l-hdạš ql ا Wناش " \ ΚY" It is five to twelve. t -tṇaš ql qsṃ. ا E+ẇ و # ` ن ا Yباح s -sḅah. 6:30 am s-stta u ns n الخمEẇ و ر 49 ن تدگات tdggat. rbعn 5:15 pm l-xmsa u

41 36 Peace Corps/Morocco PRACTICE Exercise 1: match the numbers with the correct translation. 2 xms miya u tsعtạš وتẇعطاش ميE Gمس 298 xms alaf u tlt miya u tnayn u šrinع Gمس أD ف وتǑت ميE وتني ( وعNري ( تẇع$د و%+ ي ( sttin tsعud u 147 أ X و fناش 519 alf u tṇaš مي + ي ( وتمنيE و تẇعي ( tsعin 1012 miyatayn u tmnya u %ي ( (%نات ( (snat) 69 sin ميE و سبعE ور 9 عي ( rbعin sbعa u 5322 miya u Exercise 2: combine the following numbers with the correct plurals or singular form of the nouns: 1, 3, 7, 15, 20, 500, or تدارت / تدروي ( taddart/taddrwin House/houses %+يǑ $ / %+يǑ $ات Pen/pens stilu/stiluyat تمط $ت / تي$تمي ( tamtṭụt/tutmin Woman/women Hotel/hotels lotịl/lotḷat ҟت fي $ / \ $ fي أرياز / إري 5 ن Man/men aryaz/iryzn Exercise 3: match the with the correct Tamazight translation. 10:30 12:00 1:05 2:20 11:10 9:40 l-whda u qsṃ ا $ Zدة و " ΚY ا شVا و " Yمي ( qsṃayn l-hdạš u t -tṇaš nišan Lعšra ql tulut l-عšra u ns j-juj u tulut ا Wناش #يNان ا عNرة " \ تǑ $ت ا عNرة و # ` Q $ج و تǑ $ت

42 37 Tamazight Exercise 4: give the time for each clock or watch.

43 38 Peace Corps/Morocco GETTING STARTED SHOPPING Objective: by the end of this chapter, you will be able to: Convert between dirhams, ryals and franks. Buy items you need from a store. Money idrimn/l-flus 5 إدريمن/ الفلوس frank 1 dirham 20 ryal When converting ryals to dirhams, divide by 20. e.g. 100 ryals: = 5 DH. From franks to ryals, divide by 5. For example, 200 franks 5 = 40 ryals. From franks to dirhams, divide by 100. For example, 200 franks 100 = 2 DH. From ryals to dirhams, divide by 20. For example, 40 ryals 20 = 2 DH. From ryals to franks, multiply by 5. For example, 40 ryals * 5 = 200 franks. From dirhams to ryals, multiply by 20. For example, 2 DH * 20 = 40 ryals. From dirhams to franks, multiply by 100. For example, 2 DH * 100 = 200 franks.

44 39 Tamazight At the Hanut āur buthanut Vocabulary آا وآاو Peanuts kaw kaw تحا#$ت Store tahanut ا Ǒ $ز 9 $تحا#$ت Almonds l-luz Store keeper buthanut ا UرعE l-qrعa Bottle ا م$#ادا Soda l-monadạ Chocolate š-šklat Bottle of ا ۷Nلاط water l-qrعa n waman ا UرعE ن وامان آǑين ۷ س Kleenex kliniks ا Ǒوة Candies l-hlwa Gum l-mska ا مE۷ẇ Toilet paper Cookies l-biskwi ا ب ۷ẇ $ي Tooth paste ppapiyi jinik dontifris اnnيي Qيني ' دو#+;ريس ا Yا 9 $ن Soap s -sạbun ا عصير l-عasịr Juice ا Nمب$ان Shampoo š-šampwan أ=روم Bread aārum ا +يد Detergent t-tid ا $۷ #;+$ر Jam l-konfitur Butter z-zbda ا 95 دة Bleach javil \ Qاڤي Eggs tiglay تيگلاي Batteries l-hjrat n r-radyu ا Fرات ن ا رادي$ رازوار Razor rrazwar دا#$ن Yogurt danon Milk l-hlib p ا Ǒي Tobacco store ا Yاآا s -sạka الگارو Cigarettes l-garru ا TU $ة Coffee l-qhwa Tea atay أتاي Package l-bakit/ l-bakiya ا باآيت / ا باآيE ا بري ۷ ا Lighter l-brika ا ۷ẇر Sugar s-skkar Cheese l-frmaj ا ;رماج Money idrimn/ l-flus Oil z-zit ا 5 يت Change s -sṛf إدريم ( / ا ; Ǒ $س ا Yرف

45 40 Peace Corps/Morocco Expressions: إس =$رك......? āurk Do you have...? is ييO =$ري āuri... Yes, I do have... yeh, أو ه$ أ ور=$ري āuri... No, I don t have... uhu, ur Is there...? is illa? (m) is tlla? (f) إس إD.../ إس ت... ҟ ييO إD Yes, there is. (masc.) yeh illa. ييO ت Yes, there is. (fem.) yeh tlla. ҟ No, there isn t. (masc.) la, ur illi. * أورإ D No, there isn t. (fem.) la, ur tlli. * أ ورتǑ D آ * ع;اك.... afakع... ki Give me... please. What do you want ma am / sir. may trit a lalla/sidi. ماي تريت أ%يدي / أ ҟ. [ ال šhal? How much? إس =$رك ا Yرف s -sṛf? Do you have change? is āurk Do you have change for...? is āurk s -sṛf n...? إس =$رك ا Yرف ن... Fractions of measurements: Liter ¼ liter lit ru/itṛu عrb /عrubu itṛu إ fرو / يطرو Kilogram kilu آيǑ $ ر 9 $ع / ر 49 إ fرو عrb /عrubu ¼ kilogram kilu. ½ liter ns itṛu إ fرو ` # ½ kilogram ns kilu 1 liter wahd itṛu إ fرو واZد 1 kilogram wahd kilu 2 liters juj itṛu إ fرو Q $ج 2 kilograms juj kilu ر 9 $ع / ر 49 آيǑ $ # ` آيǑ $ واZد آيǑ $ آيǑ $ Q $ج ري #1 ` إ fرو ن ا Ǒي I want ½ liter of milk. riā ns itṛu n l-hlib. p

46 41 Tamazight GRAMMATICAL POINTS THE VERB TO WANT iri. In tamazight the verb to want (iri), uses the past tense but has a present meaning. When conjugated in the present tense it means to like. # /' # ۷ ي ( ري 1 I want nk/nkkin riā آ /* آΚ تريت You want (s) kiy/ km trit #+ ا إ را He wants ntta ira #+ ات ترا She wants nttat tra # ۷ ن * #را We want nkni nra آن * ترام You want (m, p) knni tram آن يم+ * ترامت You want (f, p) knnimti tramt #ي+ن * ران They want (m, p) nitni ran #ي+ن+ * را #ت They want (f, p) nitnti rant Verb + noun examples: ري 1 ا ۷Nلاط. š-šklat. I want chocolate. riā أور ري 1 ا ۷ẇر. s-skkar. I don t want sugar. ur riā Mohsine and Aicha want soda. Mohsine d išaع ran l-monadạ. محẇ ( د عيEN ران ا م$#ادا. THERE IS/ARE. The words illa إD ) ), tlla (Cҟ,(ت llan CD),andن) llant ( CD #ت) are actually conjugations of the verb to be, { XE "Participles: illa "(إCD ) \f "g" }illi (*.(إ r In tamazight, however, we use them most often in the sense of there is or there are.

47 42 Peace Corps/Morocco Affirmative: إCD There is (m, s) illa ت There is (f, s) tlla Cҟ There are (m, p) llan CDن There are (f, p) llant CD #ت Negative: أ ور إ r There is not (m, s) ur illi * أ ور تrǑ There is not (f, s) ur tlli * أ ور rي ( llin There are not (m, p) ur أ ور rينت There are not (f, p) ur llint Examples: ا لا كريم گ تد ارت. taddart. Karim is at home. illa karim g Is there water in the river? ا س لان ومان گ وسيف wasif? is llan waman g ا ور ا لي موحا گ ا گران. igran. Moha is not in the fields. ur illi MoHa g

48 43 Tamazight PRACTICE Exercise 1: convert the money amounts. 1- Convert to dirhams: 35 ryal 150 ryal 365 ryal 270 ryal 555 ryal 2- Convert to ryals: 10 ½ DH 30DH 25DH 125DH 19DH Exercise 2: read the dialogue and answer the questions below. Meredith: s-salamu. laykumع buthanut: wa alaykumع s-salam. Meredith: is āurk z-zit d luqid? buthanut: yeh, llan alalla. Meredith: ki ns itṛu n z-zit d l-bakya n luqid. šhal? afakع buthanut: xmsa n d-drahm. Meredith: amz, llah yrhm lwaldin. buthanut: bla jmil. مرديت : السلام عليكم. بوتحاوت : و عليكم السلام. مرديت : ا س غورك الزيت د لوقيد بوتحاوت : ييه لان ا للا. كي نص ا طرو ن الزيت د الباكية ن لوقيد شحال عفاك مرديت : بوتحاوت : خمسة ن الدراهم. مرديت : ا مز االله يرحم الوالدين. بوتحاوت : بلا جميل. Questions:. 1 ما# * گ ت ҟ مرديت Meridith? 1. mani g tlla. 2 إس تẇ >ا ا ۷ẇر s-skkar? 2. is tsāa. 3 مايد تẇ >ا tsāa? 3. mayd. 4 [ ال / مN +ا šhal/mšta? 4.

49 44 Peace Corps/Morocco Exercise 3: make as many sentences as you can using the examples provided. آوآا kuka ري 1 nk ' # riā أ $= aāāu تريت trit %ميرة Samira nitnti ا عصير l-عasịr إرا ira #ي+ ن+ * أتاي atay ترا tra آن * knni ا TU $ة l-qhwa #را nra آيي ( kyyin ا TUوة % ۷ ر ҟ 9 l-qhwa bla skkar ترام tram آمي ( kmmin knnimti أ=روم aārum ترامت tramt آن يم+ * ران # ۷ ن ran * nkni را#ت rant هNام Hicham ي#+ن * nitni

50 45 Tamazight FAMILY Objective: by the end of this chapter, you will be able to: Describe family members. Cultural points. Family ties are very strong in Morocco. Children remain in touch or live with their family even after they are married. Often parents and one or two married children, with their spouses, and children, can be found in the one household (space permitting). Relatives not living with the family are expected to visit from time to time, especially during holidays. Family members أوگما My brother uggma أوتما My sister uttma مم * m mmi My son إ * illi My daughter 9 ا My father bba م ا My mother mma 9 ا My grandfather bbahllu $ ǑZ ما My grandmother mmahllu $Ǒ Z ع م * mmiع side) My uncle (fathers ع+ * ttiع side) My aunt (fathers My uncle (mothers side) xali * Gا My aunt (mothers side) xalti * Gا + Other family related words. تم>ارت / تامW $ت Woman/wife tamāart/ tamtṭụt أرگ زا Man/husband argaz تر 9 ات Girl/daughter tarbat أ ر 9 ا Boy/son arba تر 9 اتي ( tirbatin Girls/daughters إ ]ير ان Boys/sons/children iširran ا $ا دي ( l-waldin The parents

51 ك ا 46 Peace Corps/Morocco Family expressions: How is Mohamed related to you? How is Amina related to you? mayd ak/ am iga Mohamed? mayd ak /am tga Amina? مايد اك / مايد أم إگا محمد / أم تگا أمينE م ا أورد تخدم. txddm. My mom doesn t work. mma ur da My mom and dad are divorced, baba d mma nurzmn. م ا د 9 ا #$رزم ). =$ري سي ( أي+ما إ آني$ن. ikniwn. I have two siblings. āuri sin aytma How many siblings do you have? How many sisters do you have? What s your father s name? How old is your brother? I have a younger brother. My (male) cousin and I are the same age. My older sister is a teacher. My younger brother goes to school. mšta n aytmatn ayd āurk (ayd āurm)? mšta n taytmatin ayd āurk? ayd āurm mism n babanm? mšta ayd āur gmanm g l-عmr? āuri yan gma amzzan. nkkin d arba n mmiع iqrin. utma taxatart tga l-muعllima. gma amzzan da ytddu s l-mdrasa. مN +ان أي+مات ( =$رم أيد =$رك/ مN +ا تي+ماتي ( أيد =$رك / أيد =$رم ميΚẇ ن 9 ا 9 ا# Κ مN +ا أيد =$ر =$ري يان گما گما #Κ گ ا عمر إ"ري ). أم 5 ان. # ۷ ي ( د أر 9 ا ن عم * أوتما تخاتارت تگا ا معǑ مE. گما أمزيان داي تد و س ا مدرسE.

52 47 Tamazight PRACTICE Exercise: read the following text and read the questions at the bottom. isminu John, baba ismns Steven, mma ismns Judy. āuri krad n aytmatn: snat trbatin d yan urba. gma ismns Brian. da yxddm g yat š-šarika. uttma Kathy, tiwl, āurs sin iširran: arba d trbat. arba isul imzziy, āurs tlt šhur. tarbat āurs tmnya n isggasn, da tddu s l-mdrasa, uttma tamzzant Mary, tsul da taqra g l-jamiعa. إ%مين$ دQ $ن 9 ا 9 ا إ%منسẇ +يڤن م ا إ %منس دQ $دي =$ري آراض ن أي+مات ):%نات تر 9 اتي ( د يان أ ر 9 ا. گما إ%منس 9 راي ). دا يخدم گ يات ا NرآE. أوتما آاu * تي$ل =$رس%ي ( إ ]ران أر 9 ا د تر 9 ات. أر 9 ا إ%$ل إم 5 ي =$رس تǑت شT $ر. تر 9 ات =$رس تمنيE ن إ% ۷ ا% ( داتدو س ا مدرسE أوتما تم 5 ا #ت ماري تẇ $ل داتUرا گ ا FامعE. Questions: ( 1 9 ا 9 اس ن دQ $ن ميẇمنس mismns? 1. babas n John, #س ميẇمنس ( 2 ما mismns? 2. mmans, ( 3 [ ال ن أي+مات ( أيد إD ن =$ر دQ $ن John? 3. šhal n aymatn ayd illan āur ( 4 مايد إگ نا أم 5 ان گ تخامت ن دQ $ن John? 4. mayd igan amzzan g taxamt n

53 48 Peace Corps/Morocco DIRECTIONS Objective: by the end of this chapter, you will be able to: Describe where objects are located. Give and receive directions to places around town. PREPOSITIONS To/for i ا Near/next to tama n تما ن... ضارت... dạrt(n) Behind گ In g From sg سگ In front of dat (n) دات... د او Under ddaw د With / and d With/by means of s In the س middle وا ماس گ g wammas Without bla بلا On the right ا يفاس خف xf uyffas On/up aflla n ا فلا ن On the left خف xf uzlmad ا زلماض گر Between gr خف / غيف About/on xf/āif دا Here da ا ر Until ar دين Here din ن گي Above/over nig Examples: The mosque is near (next to) the school. عl-jam illa tama n l-mdrasa. تما ن المدرسة. ا لا الجامع The well is behind the fields. anu illa dạrt igran. ا نو ا لا ضارت ا گران. The house of Mohamed is between the mosque and the school. taddart n Mohamed tlla gr عl-jam d l-mdrasa. تدارت ن محمد تلا د المدرسة. گرالجامع

54 49 Tamazight Bus station The mosque l-mahtṭạ n l-kiran DIRECTIONS المحطة الكيران ن عl-jam ا نملا Close/near inmala... is Where الجامع please? mani... sạha? ماني...صحا دو نيشان Go straight ddu nišan تحانوت Store tahanut School l-mdrasa المدرسة Turn right dụwr xf uyffas Post office Public phone Weekly market l-bostạ البوسطة Turn left dụr xf uzlmad t-tilibutik s-suq Pass the التيليبوتيك first street In the السوق second street zri z-znqt tamzwarut g z-znqt tisnat دور خف ا يفاس دور خف ا زلماض زري الزنقت تامزواروت گ الزنقت تيسنات ا عرق iعrq Far Dialogue: عl-jam Daniel d Hicham tama n Daniel: s-salamu laykumع Hicham: waعlaykum s-salam Daniel: samhi riā ak-sqsaā sahha Hicham: waxxa, mrhba Daniel: mani tadart n liع Ussu Hicham: ddu nišan ar tahanut, llan sin ibrdan, yan xf uzlmad d wayd xf uyffas. t fur abrid n uyffas ar tawd yat taddart taxatart, taddart n as. liع Ussu tlla dạr Daniel: ad irhm rbbi lwaldin. دانييل د هشا م تما ن الجامع. دانييل : السلام عليكم. هشام : و عليكم السلام. دانييل : سامحي ريغ ا ك سقساغ صحا. هشام : وخا مرحبا. دانييل : ماني تد ارت ن علي وسو د و نيشان ا ر تحانوت ا بردان لان سين يان خف ا زلماض د وايض خف ا يفاس. طفور ا بريد ن ا يفاس ا ر تاوض يات تد ارت تخاتارت. علي وسو تلا ضاراس. تدارت ن هشام : دانييل : االله يرحم الوالدين.

55 50 Peace Corps/Morocco Hicham: waldin a waldik Daniel: llah iعawn Hicham: llah iعawn هشام : والدينا والديك. دانييل : االله يعاون. هشام : االله يعاون.

56 51 Tamazight GRAMMATICAL POINTS THE IMPERATIVE. The imperative form of a verb is used to give commands. i.e. Go to the store, Open the window, Study Tamazight. The Simple Imperative form requires an immediate action. (do the action) The Continuous Imperative is an order that is expected to be followed continuously. (keep doing the action) To go Verbs Simple Imperative Continuous Imperative تد و tddu دو ddu To stay/sit To drink To wake up/to stand up To wear to put on To put (down) qqim tqqima قيم تقيما su ssa سو س ا nkr nkkr نكر ن كر ls lssa لس لس ا srs srus سرس سروس To open anf تانف tanf ا نف To close ت قن tqqn قن qqn To take amz تامز tamz ا مز To say/tell ini تيني tini ا ني To eat تشا ttša تش tš The imperative has three forms : Go (singular) ddu د و Go (plural masc.) dduyat د ويات Go (plural fem.) ddumt د ومت

57 52 Peace Corps/Morocco NEGATION OF THE IMPERATIVE. The negative imperative is formed by using the negative word adur preceding the verb to which conjugate to the you forms as shown below. t t ت ت adur + t m ا دور + ت م ت مت t mt e.g Don t go. tddut تد وت adur tddum ا دور تدوم tddumt تدومت Examples: Don t drink water from the river. adur tssut aman sg wasif. ا دور تسوت ا مان سگ واسيف. ا دور تسافرم گيض. ggid. Don t travel at night. adur tsafrm ا دور تكميمت دا. da. Don t smoke here. adur tkmmimt

58 53 Tamazight PRACTICE Exercise 1: fill in the blanks with the appropriate prepositions. (There may be more than one appropriate answer. 1. sawlā Moha. v %او م$ Zا....و%يX. 2. llan waman wasif. ومان Dv2 ن 3. tlla taddart Moha l-bostạ. v3 ت ҟ تدارت... م$ Zا... ا ب$% EW. 4. munā liع Rabat v4 5. tsawl Mary Pall tmaziāt. م$# 1...عǑ *...ا ر 9 اط. تẇاول ماري... wول...تمازي>ت....أ% ۷ ا. 6. ira Tom ad iqqim askka. إرا ت$م أد إ"يΚ v6 7. ur illi utfl. ariع. أور إ * أت; \...عاري v7...ا WبEǑ. 8. illa muš t -tạbla. إDموش v8 v5 9. tlla l-mdrasa l-hmmam d l-bostạ.. ا مام د ا ب$% EW... ا مدرسE ҟ ت v9 10. llan itran ignna.. إتران...ا گ نا Dv10 ن 11. is trit a tmunt Hammu s s-suq. v11 إس تريت أتم$#ت... Zم$ س ا ẇ $ق. Exercise 2: using the map, give each person directions. 1. Dave is at the sbitạr, and wants to go to l-bostạ. 2. Anna is at the mahtṭạ and wants to go to l-otịl. 3. Stephen is at the marši and wants to go to the s-siber. 4. Hakim is in the hanut and wants to go to l-hmmam.

59 54 Peace Corps/Morocco Exercise 3: put the verbs between parentheses in their negative imperative form. qbl a tddu Fadṃa s s-suq tnna i yširran ns.. (anf) tiflut i yawdyan.. (ffā) s brra.. (أ# X ) ت; Ǒ $ت إ ياوديان. (13) س 9 را... (أ (* س أ 3 ҟ أ 3 اد ) _ر) گ ا د روج. d-druj (ali) s aflla afad( dr) g. (رز). ) ع ( p ت ۷ $رت گ تد ارت أ 3 اد (lعb) takurt g taddart afad (rz) ka. آا.. (kjm) s l-kuzina (asi) l-mus d (ssiā) l-butạ. (آجΚ ) س ا ۷ $زينE (أ% *) ا م$س د (% ي 1 ( ا ب $ fا.. qqimat g l-bitnun, ārat l-ktubnun nād tfrjat g t-tlfaza. " يمات گ ا بي+ن $ن. =رات ا 9$+۷ ن $ن #>د ت;رQات گ ا + Ǒ ;زة.

60 DAILY ROUTINE Objective: by the end of this chapter, you will be able to: Talk about your daily activities. PRESENT TIME EXPRESSIONS 55 Tamazight دغي Now dāi كو Every ku كو ياس Every day ku yas كوالصباح Every morning ku s -sḅah كو تدگ تا Every afternoon ku tadggat كو گيض Every night ku ggid كو ا سگ سا Every year ku asggas كو الص يف Every summer ku s -sịf كو ا يور Every month ku ayyur ا س ن السبيت On Saturday as n s-sbit كان تي كال Sometimes kan tikkal يات تيكلت گ ا سگ سا Once a year yan tikklt g usggas كو تدگ تا Every afternoon ku tadggat

61 56 Peace Corps/Morocco GRAMMATICAL POINTS THE PRESENT TENSE. In Tamazight, we form the present tense of a verb by adding the following prefixes and suffixes to its imperative continuous form. دا غ nk da ā نك كي / كم دا ت ت Kiy/km da t t دا ي y ntta da نتا دا ت t nttat da نتات دا ن n nkni da نكني دا ت م knni da t m كني كنيمتي دا ت مت knnimti da t mt دا ن nitni da n نتني دا نت nitnti da nt نتنتي Example: Verb Infinitive form Imperative continuous To go ddu tddu نك دا تدوغ I go nk da tdduā كي / كم دا تد وت You go Kiy/km da tddut نتا دا ي+دو He goes ntta da ytddu نتات دا تد و She goes nttat da tddu نكني دا +# دو We go nkni da ntddu كني دا تد وم You (m, p) go knni da tddum

62 57 Tamazight كنيمتي دا تد ومت You (f, p) go knnimti da tddumt نيتني دا تد ون They (m) go nitni da tddun نيتنتي دا تد و#ت They (f) go nitnti da tddunt Some verbs. Verbs Infinitive/ imperative Continuous imperative/present stem ت+ Nا ttša ت To eat tš y % ا To drink su $% ssa # ۷ ر # ۷ ر nkkr To wake up nkr %اوال sawal %اول To talk sawl %ن$ا snwa %ن$ To cook snu To laugh tṣ fس tṣsa ẇf ا % ريد ssirid % رد To wash ssird To look sksu $ẇ۷% sksiw $ẇ۷% تẇي ( tisin إسي ( isin To know تع$م tعum ع$م umع To swim ت $رو turu أورو To write uru سخẇاي sxsay سخẇ To turn off sxsi * آم * kmmi آم * km To smoke "را qra =ر To read ār Examples: Jo speaks Tamazight well. Every summer, I travel to the U.S. Jo da tsawal tamaziāt mzyan. ku s -sịf da tsafarā s mirikan. جو دا تسوال تمازيغت مزيان. كو الص يف دا تسافارغ س مريكان. ليسا دا تعوم. lapisin. tعum g Lisa swims in the pool. Lisa da Where are you (every) Saturday afternoon? mag da ttilim as n s-sbt tadggat? م گا تدگ ت ا السبت تيليم ا س ن دا How many books do you read in a month? mšta n l-ktub da tqrat g wayyur? مشتا ن الكتوب ويور دا تقرات گ

63 58 Peace Corps/Morocco NEGATION OF THE PRESENT TENSE. To form the negation of the present tense, we simply add the prefix ur (*) to the conjugated verb. Examples: I don t drink tea with sugar. They don t go to school on Sunday. ur da ssaā atay s-skkar. ur da tddun s l-mdrasa as n l-hdd. ا وردا س اغ ا تاي س السكر. ا وردا تد ون س المدرسة ا س ن الحد. FORMATION OF THE IMPERATIVE CONTINUOUS. There are 3 main categories of the imperative continuous. 1 st Category: (Verb in the simple imperative) + (the prefix t with an a inserted before the last letter). Examples: 1. to play: lعb becomes tlعab. 2. to photograph: sẉwr becomes tsẉwar Yousef is playing in front of the house. Cathy is photographing her family everyday. 2 nd Category: Yussef da ytlعab imi n taddart. Cathy da tsẉwar l-familans kuyas. ي$% X دا ي+ Ǒعاب إم * ن تد ارت. آات * دا تص$ ار ا ;امEǑ #س آ$ياس. (Verb in the simple imperative) + (prefix t ). Examples: 1. to send: azn becomes tazn. 2. to collect water: agm becomes tagm. John is sending letters to his family every month. Alicia is collecting water from the spring every day. John da ytazn tibratin i l-familans ku ayyur Alicia da tagm aman sg taābalut kuyas. دجون دا ي تازن تبراتين ا الفاملة نس كو ا يور. ا ليشا دا تاگم ا مان سگ تاغبالوت كوياس.

64 59 Tamazight 3 rd Category: (Verb in the imperative) + (the middle letter is doubled). Examples: 1. to smoke: kmi becomes kmmi Moha smokes sometimes. Moha da ykmmi kan tikkal. موحا دايكمي كان تي كال. For more examples of the Present continous form, refer to the verb glossary below. Examples of the 3 main categories of imperative Continuous Verbs. 1 ST CATEGORY: Verbs infinitive/imperative Continuous imperative/present stem ت$اQاب twajab واQ To answer wajb p تǑعاب tlعab ع lعb p To play تخ ҟ ص To pay xlls ` ǑG txllas ت$اDف twalaf وا X To get used to walf تصد اع عtsdda صد ع عsdd To annoy ت 5 اياد tzayad زايد To add zayd ت;ر اج 3 رج tfrraj To watch tv frrj تẇ ҟ م To greet sllm ΚǑ% tsllam To change (money) To have breakfast تصر اف tsṛraf صرف sṛrf ت ; Vار V3 ر tfdạr fdṛ تبد ال 9 دل tbddal To change bddl ترسام trsam رسΚ To draw rsm ت; Tام To understand fhm ΚT3 tfham تعط ار tعtṭạr عط ر tṭṛع To be late تعاوان tعawan عاون awnع To help تẇا 3 ار tsafar %ا 3 ر To travel safr تمراض tmrad مرض To be sick mrd تص$ ار tsẉwar ص$ ر To photograph sẉwr تWN اح To dance štḥ ] W[ tštạh تFẇ ال To record sjjl \ F% tsjjal

65 60 Peace Corps/Morocco تر 9 اح trbah ر 9 ] rbh To win تUبال tqbal "ب \ qbl To accept تعاياد tعayad عايد aydع To return back To reduce (lower) تنUاص nqqs ` U# tnqqas 2 nd CATEGORY: verbs Infinitive/imperative Continuous imperative/present stem ت ۷ س tkks آس To remove kks To walk around تض$ر tdẉwr _$ر dẉwr ت $رو turu أورو To write uru ت; 1 To exit ffā 13 tffā ت يǑ tilli * إيǑ To be illi * ت ي> * ttiāiy إ= * iāiy To be able تگد tggd گد To be afraid ggd To arrive awd أوض tawd ت اوض ت ا * tali أ * ali To climb up ت $ ttu ت $ To forget ttu ت ب * tbbi To cut bbi * 9 ت ام 5 tamz أم 5 To take amz To accompany mun tmun م$ن ت م$ن To climb down ggz tggz گز تگز To collect water تاگم tagm ا گم agm ت ازن tazn أزن To send azn To want/like/love ت يري tiri إيري iri تيرير tirir إيرير To sing irir تج * tjjiy To recover jjiy * Q ت ارم tarm أرم To try arm ت ر ttr تر To ask ttr To hear sfld %; Ǒد sflad ҟد ;% تU To close qqn ( " tqqn ( تع$م tعum ع$م umع To swim

66 61 Tamazight 3 rd CATEGORY. Verbs Infinitive/omperative Continuous imperative/present stem آجΚ kjjm آجΚ To enter kjm # ۷ ر # ۷ ر nkkr To wake up nkr آم * kmmi آم * kmi To smoke 9 د و 9 دو bddu To start bdu To pour xwu G $و xwwu G $ و 9 ن $ 9 ن$ bnnu To build bnu آم 5 kmmz آم 5 To scratch kmz =ر س ārrs =رس To slaughter ārs ت; 5 ا To graze fz 53 tfzza مر ي mrri مري To scrab mri آر ض krrd آرض To bush krd To peel (an egg) ز Κ zllm ز Κ zlm ر _ \ rdḍḷ ر _ \ rdḷ To borrow To break down xsr ẇgر xssr ر ẇg To wound jrh Qرح jrrh Qر ح To wipe off sfd { ;% sffd { ;% عΚ Ǒ llmع عΚǑ lmع To warn گ نو gnnu گنو To sew gnu

67 62 Peace Corps/Morocco PRACTICE Exercise 1: describe the present tense of the following activities. *

68 63 Tamazight Exercise 2: put the verbs between parentheses in the present tense. ku s$-s$if nkkin (safr) s Miami (amz) yat l-bit g yan lot$il irxsn. kulši lot$ilat ālan ašku bzzaf n mddn (ddu) s Miami. Ku s$-s$bah (fd$r). g 1O:OO (fā) s brra. g luqt n imkli (sā) sandwitš ašku ur āuri l-flus. mn b ع d (ddu) s l-bhr. kan tikkal ( ع um) nād (l ع b) takurt. mn b ع d ( ع ayd) s lot$il. (tš) imnsi g 7:30. g ggid (ār) l-ktabinu. ﻥ" )ﺴﺎﻓﺭ( ﺱ ﻤﻴﺎﻤﻲ )ﺃﻤﺯ( ﻴﺎﺕ ﻴﻑ "ﻨﻜﻴ ﻜﻭ ﺍﻝﺼ ﻜﻭﻝﺸﻲ ﻝﻭﻁﻴﻼﺕ. ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺕ ﮒ ﻴﺎﻥ ﻝﻭﻁﻴل ﺇﺭﺨﺼﻥ ﻜﻭ. ﻭ( ﺱ ﻤﻴﺎﻤﻲ ﻏﻼﻥ ﺃﺸﻜﻭ ﺒﺯﺍﻑ ﻥ ﻤﻴﺩﻥ )ﺩ ﮒ. ﺍ )ﻓﻎ( ﺱ ﺒﺭ 10:00 ﮒ.( ﺍﻝﺼﺒﺎﺡ )ﻓﻀﺭ ﻝﻭﻗﺕ ﻥ ﺇﻤﻜﻠﻲ )ﺴﻎ( ﺴﺎﻨﺩﻭﻴﺘﺵ ﺃﺸﻜﻭ ﺃﻭﺭﻏﻭﺭﻱ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺘﻴﻜﹼﺎل. ﻭ( ﺱ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺒﻌﺩ )ﺩ. ﺍﻝﻔﻠﻭﺱ ﻤﻥ ﺒﻌﺩ )ﻋﺎﻴﺩ( ﺱ. )ﻋﻭﻡ( ﻨﻐﺩ )ﻝﻌﺏ( ﺘﻜﻭﺭﺕ ﮒ ﮔﻴﺽ.7:30 )ﺘﺵ( ﺇﻤﻨﺴﻲ ﮒ. ﻝﻭﻁﻴل. )ﻏﺭ( ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﻴﻨﻭ Exercise 3: write a paragraph about the set of pictures. Exercise 4: read the text then answer the questions below. isminu Rob. āuri yan muš ismns Pat. kan tikkal da ytddu s igran ad ihwws. Pat ur da yttša iārdayn wala ibxxušn, da yssa l-hlib d da yttša āas s-srdin. Pat iwhl abda, da yggan sg l-fd$ur ar imnsi. mqqar da yggan Pat, da yi tkks lqnd$. da yi tfur aynnas ddiā, mk gnā da ytl ع ab s l-ktubinu. ihla Pat walaynni ur thmiln wadjarn, da t kkatn ur da as ikkin awdhah. yan was iffā Pat s igran. اﺕ - ﻏﻭﺭﻱ ﻴﺎﻥ ﻤﻭﺵ ﺇﺴﻤﻨﺱ. ﺇﺴﻤﻴﻨﻭ ﺭﻭﺏ اﺕ.. ﻜﺎﻥ ﺘﻴ ﹼﻜﺎل ﺩﺍ ﻴﺘﺩﻭ ﺱ ﺇﮔﺭﺍﻥ ﺃﺩ ﺇﺤﻭﺱ ﺎ ﺃﻭﺭ ﺩﺍ ﻴﺘﺘﺸﺎ ﺇﻏﺭﺩﺍﻴﻥ ﻭﻻ ﺇﺒﺨﻭﺸﻥ ﺩﺍ ﻴﺴ ﭙﺍﺕ ﺇﻭﺤل ﺃﺒﺩﺍ. ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻴﺏ ﺩ ﺩﺍ ﻴﺘﺘﺸﺎ ﻏﺎﺱ ﺍﻝﺴﺭﺩﻴﻥ ﻤﻘﺎﺭ ﺩﺍ ﻴﮕﺎﻥ. ﺩﺍ ﻴﮔﺎﻥ ﺴﮒ ﺍﻝﻔﻀﻭﺭ ﺃﺭ ﺇﻤﻨﺴﻲ اﺕ ﺩﺍ ﻴﺘﻜﺱ ﺍﻝﻘﻨﻁ ﺩﺍ ﻱ ﻴﺘﻔﻭﺭ ﺃﻴﻨﺎ ﺱ ﺩﻴﻎ ﻤﻙ. ات ﻭﻻﻴﻨﻲ. ﺇﺤﻼ. ﮔﻨﻎ ﺩﺍ ﻴﺘﻠﻌﺎﺏ ﺱ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﻭﺒﻴﻨﻭ

69 64 Peace Corps/Morocco ar itlعab allig iwhl. mn bعd idda s tama n yan usklu ad ign. imih iddad yan urgaz ad ibbi asklu. ur yannay Pat, yusi aglzim ar-ikkat asklu. Pat ign da ytwirig ur yuki allig t iwt usklu. immut igllin. udrā as tama n ildjign nnag da ytlعab ku yas. iqqima digi l-hal, usar nniā ad ttuā Pat mayd tla ddunit ašku iāzza āuri bzzaf. ا ور تحميلن وادجارن دا ت كاتن ا ور داس ا كين ا ودحاح. ا تلعاب ا ل گي يان واس ا فغ ا ر س ا گران پات ا وحل. من بعد ا دا س تمان يان ا سكلو ا د ا گن. ا ميح ا داد يان ا رگ زا ا ور يناي پات. يوسي أگلزيم پات ن گا ا گن دا دا يتويريگ ا ور يوكي ا ل گي ا د ا بي ا سكلو. ا ر ا كات ا سكلو. تيوت ا سكلو ا موت ا گلين. ا ودرغ اس تمان ا لدجيگن يتلعاب كوياس. ا قيما ديگي الحال. ا وسار نيغ ا د توغ پات مايد تلا الدونيت ا شكو ا عزا غوري بزاف. Questions: ميسم ن موش muš?.1 mism n ا س دايتشا پات ا غرداين iārdayn? 2. is da yttša (Pat) ماخ دا يگان بزاف bzzaf? 3. max da yggan ماس دا يتلعاب ytlعab? 4. mas da مايد اس سكارن وادجارن ا Pat? 5. mayd da as karn wadjarn i پات م گا ا گن پات Pat?.6 mag ign مايد ا سكر ا رگاز urgaz? 7. mayd iskr ا س ا ور ا موت پات Pat? 8. is ur immut م گا يودر پات Pat? 9. mag yudr Rob i ا س ا د ا تو روب موش نس mušns?.10 is ad ittu Rob

70 65 Tamazight Exercise 5: read the text then answer the questions below. Tafullust n waman ومان تفولوست ن g yat tmazirt izdā yan ufllah d tmtṭụtns. āursn z-zhr ašku āursn yat tfllust n waman nna ittarun tiglay am d-dhb. ku yas da-zznzan yat tglayt g s-suq d da ssaān ayna tn-ixsṣạn. walayni yan was tamtṭụt tna i wrgazns: aytx n tfullust ur da ttaru āas yat tglayt i was ur aā tqdị. ixsṣạ yaā ad as nārs afad a nasi d-dhb illan agnsuns d hat a ng labas, argaz iga r-ray i tmtṭụtns, ināa tn عt -tṃ d ārsn i tfullust n waman. idā as ārsn ur ufin awdhah. ur ufin la d-dhb wala tqqima āursn tfullust ittarun taglayt n d-dhb i was. گ يات تمازيرت ا زدغ يان ا فلاح د تمطوت نس غورسن الزهر ا شكو غورسن يات تف لوست ن ومان نا ا تارون تگلاي ا م الدهب. كوياس دا زنزان يات تن ا خصان. تگلايت گ الس وق د دا س اغن ا ينا وليني يان واس تمطوت ت نا ا ورگاز نس: "ا يتخ ن تفو لوست ا ور دا تارو غاس يات تگلايت ا واس ا ور ا غ تقضي ا خصاياغ ا د اس نغرس ا فاد ا ناسي الدهب ا لان ا گنسو نس د هات ا نگ لاباس" را گاز ا گا ا لراي ا تمطوت نس ا نغاتن الطمع د غرسن ا تفولوست ن وامان. ا دغ ا س غرسن ا ور ا فين ا ودحاح ا ور ا فين لا الدهب ولا ت قيما غورسن تفو لوست ا تارون تگلايت ن الدهب ا واس. Questions: 1 -مايد ا زدغن گ يات تمازيرت tmazirt? 1. mayd izdān g yat -2 مايد غورسن د مايد دا تارو ttaru? 2. mayd āursn? d mayd da 3. mayd day-skar ufllah d tmtṭụtns kuyas? 3- مايد دا يسكار ا فلاح د تمطوت نس كوياس 4- مايد ت نا تمطوت ا ورگ زا نس wrgazns?.4 mayd tna tmtṭụt i -5 من بعد مايد ا گا ا فلاح ufllah? bعd, mayd iga 5. mn -6 مايد سكرن skrn? 6. mayd -7 ا س ا فان الدهب ا گنسو ن تفو لوست tfullust? 7. is ufan d-dhb agnsu n Exercise 6: write your time line of activities for last Sunday.

71 66 Peace Corps/Morocco PAST EVENTS Objective: by the end of this chapter, you will be able to: Talk about past activities Time vocabulary: DAYS OF THE WEEK التلات Tuesday t -tḷat ا س Day as لاربع عl-arb Wednesday السيمانة Week s-simana الخميس Thursday l-xmis الحد Sunday l-hdd الجمعة l-jumuعa Friday التنين Monday l-tnin MONTHS OF THE YEAR السبت Saturday s-sbt يونيو June yunyu ا يور Month ayyur يوليوز July yulyuz ا سگاس Year asggas غشت August āušt يناير January yanayr شتنبر September šutanbir فبراير February fbrayr ا كتوبر October octubr مارس March mars نونبر November nuwanbir ا بريل April abril THE SEASONS الخريف Fall l-xrif الربيع عr-rbi Spring تاگرست Winter tagrst الصيف Summer s -sịf

72 67 Tamazight PAST TIME EXPRESSIONS ا سگاسا This year asggasa ا سگاس ( نا) يزرين Last year asggas (nna) yzrin ا يور ( نا) يزرين Last month ayyur (nna) yzrin السيمانة ( نا) يزرين Last week s-simana (nna) yzrin ا سناط / ا سانط Yesterday asnat /asant ا س ا Today assa ا س ن n On (day of the week) as ا س ن الجمعة l-jumuعa On Friday as n گ g In (month) گ غشت In August g āušt گ g At (time) گ التسعود t-tsعud At 9:00 g گ الفجر At dawn g l-fjr گ الصباح In the morning g s -sḅah In the afternoon / evening g tadggat گ گيض At night g ggid گ واماس ن ييض At midnight g wammas n yid ياد Already yad واهلي ا يا Long time ago wahli aya The day before yesterday aslid ا س ليغ The other day as lliā ا ضگام Last night id gam ا يا Ago aya سين ا سگاسن ا يا 2 years ago sin isggasn aya گ ا سليد تدگ تا

73 68 Peace Corps/Morocco THE PAST TENSE. GRAMMATICAL POINTS In order to conjugate a verb in the past tense, we add prefixes and suffixes to the stem. There are two past tense conjugation patterns. All verbs in the past tense fall into one of these two patterns. However each pattern is comprised of both regular and irregular verbs. PAST TENSE PATTERN 1. ن n We nkni غ I nkkin ā You (m, f) Kiy/km ت ت t t You (m, p) knni ت م t m He ntta i ا You (f, p) knnimti ت مت t mt ن They (m) nitni n ت t she nttat Regular verbs نت They (f) nitnti nt When we say regular verb, we mean a verb that is conjugated without changes in its stem. We only add prefixes and suffixes. To understand fhm ΚT3 نكني نفهم # nkni nfhm ' فهمغ nk fhmā ك ني تفهمم knni tfhmm آ */ آΚ تفهمت Kiy/km tfhmt ك نيمتي تفهممت knnimti tfhmmt #+ ا ا فهم ntta ifhm نيتني فهمن nitni fhmn #+ ات تفهم nttat tfhm # ي+ن+ * T3 منت nitnti fhmnt

74 69 Tamazight Some verbs: خلص to pay xlls عاون awnع To help سفلد to listen sfld كجم To enter kjm سافر to travel safr فغ To go out ffā To swim umع عوم to live (reside) To work xdm خدم to accompany ني to ride ni سي رد To wash ssird نكر to wake up) nkr سكسو To look sksu تر to ask for ttr گن To sleep gn To play lعab لعب to get used to To get sick mrd مرض to watch (tv) To talk/ To speak zdā mun wllf tfrrj زدغ مون ولف تفرج سقسا to ask sqsa ساول sawl To pass zri زري to put (down) srs سرس تمنا to hope tmnna ضر To fall dṛ عجن jnع to knead تو To forget ttu Examples: I talked to my family in Tamazight. Last year Suzan lived in Chicago. Last summer we traveled to Miami. sawlā i l-familanu s tmaziāt. asggas nna izrin Suzan tzdā g Chicago. s -sịf nna izrin nsafr s Miami. ساولغ ا الفاميلانو س تمازيغت. ا سگاس نا ا زرين سوزان تزدغ شيكاگو. گ الصيف نا ا زرين نسافرس ميامي.

75 70 Peace Corps/Morocco Irregular verbs Pattern 1 irregular verbs follow the same prefix and suffix rules as regular verbs, but their stems change during conjugation. Most of these stem changes fall into one of three categories, but there are exceptions. 1. A U irregulars Verbs beginning with a (*) which change to u (*) when conjugated ا گم To draw water agm نكني نوگم nkni nugm نك ا گ مغ nk ugmā ك ني توگمم knni tugmm كي / كم توگمت Kiy/km tugmt ك نيمتي توگممت knnimti tugmmt ن تا يوگم ntta *yugm نيتني ا گ من nitni ugmn ن تات توگم nttat tugm نيتنتي ا گ منت nitnti ugmnt *Notice that in the 3 rd person singular masculine form, we insert y before the actual verb instead of i. Some verbs: To send azn to take ا زن amz ا مز To open anf to taste ا نف arm ا رم To climb up ali to hang (up) ا لي agl ا گل To trust amn to steal امن akr ا كر ا در To burry adr Examples: Last month, I sent a letter to my family. Yesterday, we climbed the mountain. Last Sunday, khadija tried a delicious fruit in the souk. ayyur nna izrin uznā tabrat i l-familanu asnat nuli j-jbl l-hdd izrin khadija turm yan d-disir ihlan g s-suq. ا يور نا ا زرين ا زنغ تابرات ا الفاملة نو. ا سناط نولي الجبل. الحد ا زرين خديجة تورم يان الديسير ا حلان گ الس وق.

76 71 Tamazight 2. A I irregulars Verbs beginning with a (*) which change to i (*) when conjugated ا ول To get married awl نكني نول nkni niwl نك ا ولغ nk iwlā ك ني تولم knni tiwlm كي / كم تولت Kiy/km tiwlt ك نيمتي تولمت knnimti tiwlmt ن تا ييول ntta yiwl نيتني ا ولن nitni iwln ن تات تول nttat tiwl Some verbs. نيتنتي ا ولنت nitnti iwlnt ا وي To bring awi ا وض To arrive awd Examples: Yesterday, the volunteers of Ouarzazat arrived. They (f) brought their books to class. She got married last year. asnat iwdṇ l-mutatạwiعin n warzazat. nitnti iwint l-ktubnsnt s l-qism. nttat, tiwl asggas izrin. ا سناط ا وضن المتطو عين ن ورزازات. نيتنتي ا ونت الكتوب نسنت س القسم. ن تات تيول ا سگاس ا زرين. 3. U A irregulars Verbs beginning with u (*) which change to a (*) when conjugated. ا رو To write uru نكني نرو nkni naru نك ا روغ nk aruā ك ني تروم knni tarum كي / كم تروت Kiy/km tarut ك نيمتي ترومت knnimti tarumt ن تا يرو ntta yaru

77 72 Peace Corps/Morocco نيتني ا رون nitni arun ن تات ترو nttat taru نيتنتي ا رونت nitnti arunt Examples: Thomas fasted Ramadan with his family. My sister folded her clothes in the wordrop early in the morning. MoHa skined a lamb in the big feast. Thomas yazum rmdạn d l-familans. utma tadu ihruyn ns g l-maryu s -sḅah zik. yazu Moha anugud g l-عid axatar توماس يزوم رمضان د الفاملة نس. ا تما تاضو ا حروين نس گ المريو الصباح زيك. يزو موحا ا نوگوض گ العيد ا ختار. 4. Exceptions: the verb to know The verb to know is a very useful example of a pattern 1 irregular verb which does not fall into one of the three major categories. Exceptions such as this will have to be learned through practice and interaction. When conjugating to know (isin), both i s are dropped from the stem. ا سين To know isin nk Kiy/km ntta نكني نسن nkni nsn نك سنغ snā ك ني تسنم knni tsnm كي / كم تسنت tsnt ك نيمتي تسنمت knnimti tsnmt ن تا ا س ن isn nttat نيتني سنن nitni snn ن تات تس ن tsn نيتنتي سننت nitnti snnt PAST TENSE PATTERN 2. Pattern 2 verbs use a different set of suffixes and prefixes to conjugate the past form. نكني ن ا nkni n a نك يغ iā nk

78 73 Tamazight ك ني ت ام knni t am كي / كم ت يت Kiy/km t it ك نيمتي ت امت knnimti t amt ن تا ا ا ntta i a نيتني ان nitni an ن تات ت ا nttat t a نيتنتي انت ant nitnti regular verbs As with the previous example, you conjugate pattern 2 regular verbs by adding the prefixes and suffixes to the stem, which does not change. تش To eat tš نكني نتشا nkni ntša نك تشيغ nk tšiā ك ني تتشام knni ttšam كي / كم تتشيت Kiy/km ttšit ك نيمتي تتشامت knnimti ttšamt ن تا ا تشا ntta itša نيتني تشا ن nitni tšan ن تات تتشا nttat ttša نيتنتي تشانت nitnti tšant Some verbs. To stop/ stand up غز To dig āz بد bdd سنو To bake/ cook snu زنز To sell znz لس To wear ls سغ To buy sā گر To throw gr زل To lose zl تس To laugh tṣ سو To drink su To be/do g گ To call/ study/read/invite نغ To kill nā ك To give k رز To break rrz ك To pass kk ār غر

79 74 Peace Corps/Morocco Examples: سغيغ يات تج لابيت. tjllabit. I bought a djellaba. sāiā yat They studied Tamazight in Morocco. We cooked a delicious tajin. āran tamazight g l-mārib nsnua yan t -tạjin yat futn غران تمازيغت گ المغرب. نسنوا يان ال طاجين ياطفوتن. irregular verbs As with Pattern 1 irregular verbs, the prefixes and suffixes remain fixed, while the stem of the verb changes. Pattern 2 irregulars are also broken in to 3 major groups. 1. Trailing u irregulars For verbs ending in u (*), the final u is dropped before adding the prefixes and suffixes. بدو To begin bdu نكني نبدا nkni nbda نك بديغ nk bdiā ك ني تبدام knni tbdam كي/ كم تبديت Kiy/km tbdit ك نيمتي تبدامت knnimti tbdamt ن تا ا بدا ntta ibda نيتني بدان nitni bdan ن تات تبدا nttat tbda نيتنتي بدانت nitnti bdant Some verbs. To go ddu to build د و bnu بنو To empty xwu to rent خوو kru كرو To smell kdụ to sew كضو gnu گنو To rest swunfu to roast سوونفو šwu شوو حلو To be nice Hlu

80 75 Tamazight Examples: كريغ يات تدارت ا رخصن. irxsn. I rented a cheap house. kriā yat taddart They threw the trash in the ditch. You (m, p) started work early. You (f, p) went to the souk yesterday. xwan z-zbl g targa. knni tbdam zik l-xdmt. knnimti tddamt s s-souq asnat. خوان الزبل گ ترگا. ك ني تبدام زيك الخدمت. ك نيمتي تد امت س الس وق ا سناط. 2. A U irregulars Like the Pattern 1 A->U irregulars, the Pattern 2 form changes the leading a -> u when conjugated. In the Pattern 2 irregulars, however, the a undergoing change can be at the front or in the middle of the verb as it is in rar (to return/vomit) whose stem changes to rur in conjugation. To find af ا ف نكني نوفا nkni nufa نك ا فيغ nk ufiā ك ني توفام knni tufam كي / كم توفيت Kiy/km tufit ك نيمتي توفامت knnimti tufamt ن تا يوفا ntta yufa نيتني ا فان nitni ufan ن تات توفا nttat tufa نيتنتي ا فانت nitnti ufant Some verbs. To leave / let ا ل to cry al ا دج adj ا سي to carry asi ا ز ل To run azzl To return/ vomit Examples: rar رار She left the book at school. tudja l-ktab g l-mdrasa. گ تودجا الكتاب المدرسة.

81 76 Peace Corps/Morocco David didn t leave his clothes in the house. Hicham lost 500 dirhams in the souk. David ur yudji ihruyn ns g taddart. Hisham izla 500 drhm g s-suq. داڤيد ا ور يودجي ا حروين نس گ تد ارت. هشا م ا زلا 500 درهم گ الس وق. Did they turn back the books to the library? is rurran l-ktub ār l-mktaba? ا س روران الكتوب غر المكتبة Malika carried a heavy bag on her back. malika tusi yan s -sạk axatar aflla n tadawt ns. مليكة توسي يان ال صاك ا ختار ا فلا ن تداوت نس. 3. Leading/Trailing i irregulars For pattern 2 verbs beginning and ending with i, we drop both before conjugating. ا ري To want iri نكني نرا nkni nra نك ر يغ nk riā ك ني ترام knni tram كي / كم تريت Kiy/km trit ك نيمتي ترامت knnimti tramt ن تا ا را ntta ira نيتني ران nitni ran ن تات ترا nttat tra نيتنتي رانت nitnti rant Some verbs. ا ني to say ini ا لي To be ili Examples: ا ور س ينغ ا ود ماعلم. maعlm. I knew nothing. ur ssinā awd اور ا تشي ا ودحاح. awdhah He hasn t eaten nothing. ur itši

82 77 Tamazight NEGATION OF THE PAST TENSE. To negate verbs of the first pattern we add ur to the beginning of the verb and we make the following changes: 1- add I before the last : I didn t travel to Marrakesh. ur safrā s Mrrakš. ا ور سافرغ س مر اكش. ا ور لعبغ تاكورت. takurt. lعibā I didn t play soccer. ur I didn t receive the letter. ur yumiz tabrat. 2- if the verb ends with a vowel we make no change in the stem: Examples: ا ور يوميز تابرات. They weren t members of the cooperation. I didn t fold my clothes yet. They forgot to carry their camera in the trip. nitni ur amunt g taعawunia. nkkin sulā ur aduā ihruyn inu ttun ur ussin l-kamera nsn نتني ا ور ا مونت گ ال تعاونية. ن كين سولغ ا ور ا ضوغ ا حروين ا نو. تون ا ور ا سين الكاميرة نسن. 3- if the verb ends with a consonant and the letter before it is a vowel: Examples: My little sister didn t fast. I didn t accompany Driss to the fields. I didn t swim in the river as it is cold. uttma tamzzant ur tazum. ur munā d Driss s igran. ur umāع g assif ašku illa asṃmid. ا وتما تامز انت ا ور ا ور مونغ د دريس س ا گران. ا ور عومغ گ ا سيف ا شكو ا لا ا صم يض. As in the first pattern we add ur.but we change all the as in the suffixes to is ; a ; an ; ant becomes: I ; im ; imt ; in ; int. ا ور ا سوي ا تاي. atay. He didn t drink tea. ur iswi ا ور ند ي س المدرسة. l-mdrassa. We d dn t go to school. ur nddi s ا ور ا سيغ الكتابينو. l-ktabinu. I didn t carry my book. ur usiā ا وررينت القهوة. l-qhwa. They didn t want coffe. ur rint

83 78 Peace Corps/Morocco They didn t buy the cow in the souk. Additional negative form. ا ور سغينت تافوناست s-s-uq. ur sāin tafunast g گ الس وق. والو Nothing walu ا ود معلم awdmaعlm Nothing ا ودحاح Nothing awdhah ا ود يان No one (masc.) awdyan اوديات No one (fem.) awdyat Examples: ا ور س ينغ ا ود معلم awdmaعlm I knew nothing. ur singā ا ور ا تشي ا ودحاح He hasn t eaten anything. ur itši awdhah HAVE YOU EVER / I VE NEVER The equivalents of these two expressions in Tamazight are is djin...?/ur djin... These expressions are followed by verbs conjugated in the past tense. Whenever using "djin" you must use the negative form of the verb. Examples: Have you ever gone to America? No, I ve never gone to America. Have you everplayed soccer? Yes, I ve played soccer. Have you ever eaten locusts? We have never eaten locusts. is ur djin tddit s mirikan? uhu, ur djin ddiā s mirikan. is ur djin tlعbt takurt? yeah, lعbā takurt. is ur djin ttšam tamurāi? ur djin ntši tamurāi. ا س دجين تديت س مريكان ا هو ا ور دجين د يغ س مريكان. ا س دجين تلعبت تكورت ياه لعبغ تكورت. ا س دجين تتشام تمورغي ا ور دجين نتشي تمورغي.

84 79 Tamazight OBJECT PRONOUNS Direct Object Pronouns In English, we have pronouns for the subject of a sentence; I, you, he, she, we, and they. We also have direct object pronouns that we use after verbs. For example : Subject Verb Direct Object she hit me I saw her (you) ask him So far, you have learned the independant pronouns and the possessive pronouns. Below are the direct object pronouns used in Tamazight after verbs. Me i ا ي Us aā ا غ You (m, s) k ك You (m, p) kn كن You (f, s) km كم You (f, p) knt كنت Him/it t ت Them (m) tn تن Her/it tt ت Them (f) tnt تنت Note: The object pronouns are effectively combined with the verb. In this text, verb stems and their objects will be separated by dashes (-) to aid in the learning process. These dashes are meant to help visually separate the parts of a verb, they should not be pronounced in any way. Examples: صلاح ا وتي. i. SalaH hit me. SalaH iwt دجون ا لعب تكورت. takurt. ilعb John played soccer. John دجون ا لعبت. t. ilعbt John played it. John سقساغ باسو. Bassu. I asked Bassu. sqsaā سقساغت. t. I asked him. sqsaā

85 80 Peace Corps/Morocco Indirect Object Pronouns Indirect object pronouns recieve the action of the verb indirectly. For example: Fatima gave him the book, the book recieves the action and in therefore the direct object. him is the indirect object. For example: My brother told me the news. the news is the direct object, and me is the indirect object. ا غ Us aā ا Me i ا ون You (m, p) awn ا ك You (m, s) ak ا ونت You (f, p) awnt ا م You (f, s) am ا سن Them (m) asn ا س Him as ا سنت Them (f) asnt ا س Her as Examples : ساولغ ا موحا. Moha I talked to Moha sawlā i ساولغاس. as I talked to him sawlā She helped Faďma and Hammou. tعawn i Fadṃa d Hammou. تعاون ا فضمة د حمو. تعاون ا سن. asn. tعawn She helped them. كيغ الكتاب ا عيشة.. išaع I gave the book to Aicha. kiā l-ktab i كيغ ا س الكتاب. l-ktab. I gave her the book. kiā as كيغ ا ست. t. I gave it to her. kiā as Note: In the last example both a direct and indirect object are used. It would translate litterally as I gave to her, it with it (the book) being represented by t and her (Aicha) being represented by as THE PARTICIPLE. The past participle in Tamazight is equivelant to the present perfect form in English. Past He did Present Perfect He has done

86 81 Tamazight We obtain the past participle by conjugating a verb in the 3 rd person (masculine, singular) (i.e he form) in the past tense, and then we add the suffix 'n'. In this form the verb does not have to agree in gender or number. ن تا ا غرا He read ntta iāra ن تا ا يد ا غران He has read ntta ayd iāran Examples: مايد ا غران الكتاب l-ktab? Who has read the book? mayd iāran مايد ا فغن iffān? Who has gone out? mayd Who has spoken in Tamazight? مايد ا ساولن س تمازيغت tmaziāt? mayd isawln s Note: 'ayd' is used in these sentences which emphasises the subject doing the action of the verb. A rough translation would be "it is (me/he/she) who (has done the action".

87 ا گل)( گن).( 82 Peace Corps/Morocco PRACTICE Exercise 1: put the verbs between parentheses in the correct form. Mohamed: may tgit asnat? Malika: ( jnع) aārum. (zzi) tafunast. (ssird) ihruyn. i kiy? Mohamed: (lعb) l-kartạ (tfrrj) g t-tlfaza, (gn) Malika: waxxa ak iعawn rbbi Mohamed: awd km. محمد : م يا تگيت ا سناط (عجن) ا غروم. (ز ي) تافوناست. س يرد ا حروين. ا كي (لعب) الكارطة (تفرج) گ التلفزة مليكة : محمد : مليكة : وخا ا ك يعاون ربي. محمد : ا ود كم. Exercise 2: put the verbs between parentheses in the correct form. 1- (agl) imma ihruyn affla n usklu (anf) chris labwat postạl asggas izrin 3- is (amz) l-waldink l-manda g l-bostạ 4- max allig (akr) arba tafullust g udwar? ا ما ا حروين ا فلا ن ا سكلو. 2. (ا نف) كريس لابواط ا سگاس پوسطال (ا مز) الوالدينك الماندا گ البوسطة. (ا كر) ا ربا ت فلوست گ ا دو ار ا زرين. 3. ا س 4. ماخ ا ل گي Exercise 3: put the following words in order to make correct sentences. 1- s loberj / bzzaf n / iwdn / l-hdd izrin / mddn. 2- Fatima / yan / tiwl / s-sif izrin / urgaz ihlan. 3- taddart / d-dwa ns / ur / s / yiwi / John. 1. س لوبيرج / بزاف ن.../ ا وضن / الحد ا زرين / مد ن. 2. فاطمة / يان / تيول/ الص يف ا زرين / ا حلان. تد ارت / د وا نس / ا ور / س / ييوي / ا رگ ز/ا.3 دجون

88 ا گل)( 83 Tamazight Exercise 4: put the verbs between parentheses in the correct form. ( 1 ن تات (ا مو) گ الجمعية ن تمازيرت نس. ns. l-jmعia n tamazirt 1- nttat (umu) g 2- nkrā sbaha zik, ssirdā aqmunu, (udu) l-kašša, mn bعd fā. 3- g tmāra n Mohammed, (uzu) nk d baba yan unugud axatar. 4- sḅaha nkni (uru) bzzaf xf عl-mšru n l-āabat. 2) نكرغ الصباح زيك س ردغ ا قمنو (ا دو) الكا گ) شة من بعد فغ. تمغرا ن محمد (ا وزو) نك د بابا يان ا ختار. 3 ا نوگوض 4) صباحا نكني (ا رو) بز اف خف المشروع ن الغابات. Exercise 5: put the verbs in parentheses in the correct form. Lissa. 1. asnat, RabHa (azn) tabrat i ( 1 ا سناط رابحة (ا زن) تبرات ا ليس ا. wanu. 2. nitnti (agm) aman sg ( 2 نيتني (ا گم) ا مان سگ وانو. isul? 3. is (awl) LaHsen mid ( 3 ا س (اول) لحسن ميد ا سول Exercise 6: put the verbs in parentheses in the correct form then answer the questions below. Rmdạn izrin, hay at s-salam (azn) David s yan udwwar. (awd) āur l-famila ns g taddart. David ur(azum) asnnat walakin (ini) i l-familans yan was yadṇin. David (frh) bzzaf kud (anf) l-bab n l-bitns. ur dis walu walakin thla (agl) s -sạkns g uyadir. s -sḅah, (mun) d uttmans latịfa s targa (agm) aman s ssin. tirbatin n tmazirt (rعab) walakin iعjbasnt David. sin wayurn aya (uru) yan i l-familans g Mirican (ini) asn (awl) Latịfa. رمضان ا زرين هيي ة الس لام (ا زن) داڤيد س يان ا دو ار. (ا ود) غور الفاملة نس گ تا دارت. داڤيد ا ور (ا زوم) ا س ناط ولكن (ا ني) ا الفاملة نس يان واس ياضنين. داڤيد (فرح) ب زاف كود (ا نف) الباب ن البيت نس ا ور ديس والو ولكن تحلا. الص اك نس گ ا يادير. الصباح (مون) د ا تمانس لطيفة س ترگا (ا گم) ا مان س س ين. تيرباتين ن تمازيرت (رعب) ولكن ا عجباسنت داڤيد. سين واي ورن ا يا (ا رو) يان ا ميل ا الفاملة نس گ مريكا ن (ا ني) ا سن (ا ول) لطيفة.

89 84 Peace Corps/Morocco Questions: -1 مانتور ا د ا داڤيد س ا دو ار adwwar? 1- mantur idda David s -2 مايد ا سكر داڤيد گ الصباح s -sḅah? 2- mayd iskr David g -3 ميسم ا تماس ن داڤيد David? 3- mism utmas n -4 مايد ا سكر داڤيد سين ا يورن ا يا aya? 4- mayd iskr David sin ayurn Exercise 7: read the text then answer the questions below. Fadṃa tiwl sin isggasn aya. aslid nttat tnkr zik tiwi aāyul s igran mn bعd tmun d tarbatns s asif adssirdnt ihruyn. mn bعd uglntn g iskla taman wasif. qbl adعaydnt s taddart, ulint s jjbl ad awin ikššudṇ. mn bعd usint l-hwayj, ugmnt aman, aydntع s taddart uhlnt bazzaf, āas iwdnt fadṃa tiwi aāyul ad iswunfu g l-kuri tama n l-bhaym yadṇin ašku awd ntta ixdm bzzaf. فضمة تيول سين ا سگاسن ا يا. ا سليد نتات تنكر زيك. تيوي ا غيول س ا گران. من بعد تمون د ترباتنس س ا سيف ا د س يردنت ا حروين. من بعد ا گلنتن گ ا سكلا تما ن ا سيف. قبل ا د عايدنت س تد ارت ا ولينت س الجبل ا د ا وينت ا كشوضن من بعد ا وسينت الحوايج ا وگمنت ا مان عايدنت س تد ارت. ا وحلنت بز اف. غاس ا وضنت فضمة تيوي ا غيول ا د ا سوونفو گ الكوري تمان البهايم ياضنين ا شكو ا ود نتا ا خدم بز اف. Questions: ( 1 مايد تمون فضمة س ا سيف asif? 1- mayd tmun fadṃa s 2- max alli tdda Fadṃa d tarbat ns s asif? 2) ماخ ا ل گي تدا فضمة د ترباتنس س ا سيف ( 3 ماني گ توگل فضمة ا حروينس ihruyn? 3- mani g tugl Fadṃa ( 4 مايد يوسي وغيول ا فلا ن تداوتنس tadawtns? 4- mayd yusi uāyul aflla n Exercise 8: put the verbs in parentheses in the correct form. l-kar. 1) ayur izrin yat trbat (rar) g ( 1 ا يور ا زرين يات تربات (رار) گ الكار. l-mdarsa. 2) khadija ur (adj) l-ktab g ( 2 خديجة ا ور (ا دج) الكتاب گ المدرسة.

90 ك( طس)( 85 Tamazight l-mahtṭạ. 3) nitni (asi) s -sạk nsn ār ( 3 نتني (ا سي) الص اك نسن غر المح طة. t-tiran? 4) is (rwl) David sg l otịl ar ( 4 ا س (رول) داڤيد سگ لوطيل ا ر ال تيران Exercise 9: conjugate the verbs between parentheses in the past tense. 1. yan was (ddu) s s-suq d (sā) yan uznnar. (ls) aznnar d (sksu) lmri. (tṣ) xf ixfinu ašku ur (isin) ad-t-lsā. يان واس (د و) س السوق د (سغ) يان ( ا ز نار د سكسو لمري. (1 سل( ا ز نار. ا خفينو ا شكو ا ور(ا سين) ا د تلسغ. خف 2. yan wayyur aya (af) Younes yan ikzin tama n taddartns. ukan (asi) t, (k) as ad itš. iwllf bzzaf. yan was (adj) t i wadjarnns. idā iعayd ur t (af), (zl). (qqim) l-hal g Younes bzzaf. يان وايور ا يا ) فا ( يونس يان ا كزين تما ن ( ا س ا د يتش. (2 تد ارت نس ا وكان (ا سي) ت ا ولف بز اف. ا دغ ا عايد ا ر ت ) فا يان واس (ا دج) ت ا ودجارنس. ) (زل) ( قيم) الحال گ يونس بز اف. Exercise 10: fill in the blanks with the correct participle forms of the following verbs: sā, safr,, umع lعb. mirikan. 1.nttat ayd s. 1 ن تات ا يد س مريكان. takurt. 2.nitni ayd. 2 نيتني ا يد تكورت wasif. 3.knni ayd g. 3 ك ني ا يد گ واسيف. l-xdṛt. 4.knnimti ayd. 4 ك نيمتي ا يد الخضرت.

91 86 Peace Corps/Morocco Exercise 11: write a paragraph about these pictures.

92 87 Tamazight Exercise 12: read the text then answer the questions below. yan was g s -sịf yan ušn ināat laz bzzaf ifkkr g mani tlla kan l-makla ihlan? mn bعd idda yufa yan igr digs adịl. inna ušn g ixfns: adịla yat fut riā attšā. ihawl ušn ad yawd adịl walynni ur iāi. mn bعd inna ušn uhu ur riā adịla ašku ismmum riā ka nna ihllawn. يان واس گ الص يف يان ا وشن ا نغات لاز بز اف ا فكر گ ماني تلا كان المكلة ا حلان من بعد ا د ا يوفا يان ا گر دي سگ ا ضيل. ا نا ا وشن گ ا خف نس: ا ضيلا ياطفوت. ريغ ا تتشغ. ا حاول ووشن ا د ياوض ا ضيل وليني ا ور ا غي. من بعد ا نا ا وشن: ا وهو ا وريغ ا ضيلا ا شكو ا سم وم ريغ كا نا ا ح لاون. Questions: - 1 ا س ا گا الحا ل تگرست tagrst? 1. is iga l-hal -2 مايد ياغن و شن wušn? 2. mayd yaān -3 مايد ا ف كر ا د يسكر iskr? 3. mayd ifkkr ad -4 مايد ا نا ا دغ ا ور ييويض ا ضيل adịl? 4. mayd inna idā ur yiwid

93 88 Peace Corps/Morocco BARGAINING Objective: by the end of this chapter, you will be able to: Bargain for basic items, such as clothing. Ddescribe the colors of items. Describe differences between objects. BARGAINING. General bargaining information. In Morocco, bargaining is a part of life. It can sometimes be tiring for people not used to it, but with some cultural and language skills, it can become much easier. Some informations about bargaining can also make the process simpler. First of all, you need to know what items should be bargained for, and what items normally have fixed prices, even for Moroccans. This is not always easy to determine, since the place where you buy some things may determine whether the price is fixed or not. For example, some items that are sold at fixed prices in a taнanut (e.g. laundry soap, vegetables, eggs) may be bargained for in the souq or from a street vendor. Ask your host family or watch other Moroccans in order to find out. Here are some general guidelines for whether prices are fixed or not: Usually Bargained For Any article of clothing Any household or kitchen utensil, appliance, or furniture Rent for a house or apartment Taxi fares on unscheduled runs Anything bought in a souk (e.g. grains in bulk, animals, rugs, etc.) Anything bought from a street vendor who has no regular shop Petit taxi fares if the meter does not work Anything used or second-hand Seldom Bargained For Things which are literally bought every day: mint, parsley, bread, coriander Refill on a butagas Cigarettes and alcohol Meals or beverages in restaurants Bus fares between scheduled stops Taxi fares on regular runs Price controlled staple foods: sugar, oil, tea, flour, milk, butter, etc. Anything bought in a pharmacy Meat and vegetables, if the price per kilo is posted School supplies

94 89 Tamazight Domestic help and services (maid, plumber, electrician, etc. Determine the price before the work is done.) It is also good to be aware of some of the standard tactics that are used between the buyer and the seller in Morocco. If you watch Moroccans, you will see many of these. The Buyer s Tactics Not showing too much enthusiasm for buying Walking away when the seller has named the lowest price Pointing out defects in the merchandise Quoting a lower price for an identical item in another shop Claiming not to have enough money to meet the seller's lowest price Complimenting or flattering the seller (on his shop, merchandise, children, friendliness) The Seller s Tactics Not showing too much enthusiasm for selling Turning away when the buyer has named the highest price Noting the superior quality in the merchandise Insisting that goods in other shops are not of the same quality Claiming that in selling at the buyer s highest price he would be taking a loss Complimenting or flattering the buyer (on his or her language ability, friendliness, expertise in bargaining) The Buyer s Tactics The Seller s Tactics Acting insulted by the seller s price * Acting insulted by the buyer s offer Arguing that the difference between the seller s price and the price offered is insignificant; i.e. the seller should come down to the * Arguing that the difference between the buyer s price and his price is insignificant and the buyer should come up offered price Pulling out one's money as if the offered price has been agreed upon *Wrapping up the purchase as if the asking price has been agreed upon

95 90 Peace Corps/Morocco When you are looking to buy an item that you know you will have to bargain for, there are a few things that you should probably try to avoid. These include: Showing too much interest in, or too great a need for, a particular item Carrying large sums of money, carrying expensive, previously-bought items, looking like a tourist Having no idea what an item is really worth, or what is a fair price for that type of item Being in a hurry Buying with a guide (he gets a percentage of what you pay). Always be prepared to pay a price you have named. Do not get too far into bargaining for something if you do not intend to buy it. If you are not clear on the currency in which you are bargaining (i.e. ryals), proceed slowly. In the end, don t let a bargaining scenario ruin your day. Most of us go unbothered by the sometimes huge markups on big-ticket items in America, yet we can be easily frustrated by a Moroccan merchant who makes an extra dollar or two off of us. Remember that one s peace of mind is worth something, too. Bargaining Expressions and Vocabulary: إ= / ҟ ت> 59ҟ اف. bzzaf. It s too expensive. iāla/tāla #ا" ` ا + م.( t-taman. Lower the price. naqs آان ت م ( إ هي ان. ihyyan. Give a good price. kan t-tam I won t add even a ryal. ur nniā ad ak zaydā awd aryal. أور# ي 1 أداك زايدغ أود أريال. أور# ي 1 أداك زايدغ أودZاح. awdhah. I ll add nothing. ur nniā ad ak zaydā 59 اف ;=.* āifi It s too much for me. bzzaf آان ا + م ( إ هي ان. ihyyan. A good price. kan t-taman آان ا + م ( ن ا معU $ل. l-mعqul. A reasonable price. kan t-taman n What s the last price? How much will I get it for? There s what I have (money). mayd igan t-taman amggaru?. mštas nna a t tawiā. aydā ayd āuri. مايد إگان ا + م ( أمگارو مN +اس# ا أت تاوي 1 أيدغ أيد =$ري

96 91 Tamazight Clothing ا حروين / ا عبان ihruyn/iعban Clothes 3 يE+ẇ 11. fista %ي;يطما 1. sifitṃa 2. jean ( دQي 12. jakitạ QاآيطE 9 يجامE 13. pijama %روال 3. srwal آب $ط 14. kbbut "ميجE # ` آΚ 4. qamija ns kmm %مطE 15. smtạ "ميجE 5. qamija ت * ش$رت 16. t-shirt ڭراEW3 6. grafatạ ] $رط ǑيQ 17. šort 7. jili * 8. kustim آ$ %+يΚ 18. šal 9. triko تري $۷ 19. slip p % Ǒي صايE 20. sạya تري $۷ آ$ل ڤ * v 10. triko col ] ال

97 92 Peace Corps/Morocco %برديEǑ 11. sbrdila آẇ $ة 1. kswa 9 $تي$ 12. butyu زيX D$3 ر / 2. zif / fular %ب اط 3. jllaba E9ҟ Q 13. sbbat 4. gndụra گندورة 14. sṇdạla صند E مNايE 15. mššaya يبا 5. liba 6. sutyanat %$تيا#ات 16. xatm GاتΚ 7. ligat ليگات 17. Halaqat UǑZات أ"اي ( aqqayn 18. آاس ۷ يطا 8. kaskitạ ا ẇ نǑẇت 19. s-snslt طاگية 9. tạgiya مض \ mdḷ 20. تUاشر 10. tqašr Clothing Expressions: إس ت ҟ آان ا اQت يا _ني ) ydṇin? Is there anything else? is tlla kan l-hajt آ * ا نمرة...ع;اك.. afakع... n-nmra Give me size... please. ki أرم / Qرب وا /تا. wa/ta. Try this one on. arm/jrrb Do you want another color? إس تريت آان ا Ǒ $ن يا _ني ) yadṇin? is trit kan l-lun داي * ت عجي p ا J+#$ Ǒ tiعjib l-luntx.. I prefer this color. da yi It goes well with you. yusa yakd/tusa yakd. yusa yam-d/tusa yamd. ي$%ا ياآد / ت$%ا ياآد. ي$%ا يامد / ت$%ا يامد إس ت ҟ آان ا اQت يا _ني ) ydṇin? Is there anything else? is tlla kan l-hajt

98 93 Tamazight COLORS Adjectives Masculine singular Feminine singular تم ҟ ت tamllalt أم ҟ ل White amllal ت 5 ر"يت tazriqit ازر" * azrqi Blue Black ungal أنگ لا tungalt Red azggaā أزگ غا tazggaāt تنگالت ت 5 گا=ت ت$را=ت tawraāt أوراغ Yellow awraā تازگزاوت tazgzawt أزگزاو Green azgzaw تTU $ يت taqhwit أ" T $ي Brown aqhwi تǑيم$#يت talimunit أ يم$# * alimuni Orange ت$رديت tawrdit أوردي Pink awrdi تميداديت tamdadit أمدادي Purple amdadi ترماديت tarmadit أرمادي Grey armadi Adjectives Singular plural Feminine plural تيم ҟ ي ( timllalin إم White imllaln ( ҟ تي 5 ر"يي ( tizrqiyin إزر"ي ( izrqiyn Blue ت$ نگا ي ( tungalin أ نگا ( ungaln Black ت$را=ي ( tiwraāin إورا= ( iwraān Yellow ت 5 گزاوي ( tizgzawin إزڭ 5 اون Green izgzawn تTU $يي ( tiqhwiyin إ" T $يي ( iqhwiyn Brown تǑيم$#ي ( tilimuniyin إ يم$#ي ( ilimuniyn Orange ت$ردي ( tiwrďiyin إوردي ( iwrďiyn Pink تمدادي ( timdadiyin إميدادي ( imdadiyn Purple ترمادي ( tirmadiyin إرمادي ( irmadiyn Grey ت 5 گا=ي ( tizggaāin إزگا= ( izggaān Red Dialogue: Chris: s-salamu alaykumع l-haj: waعalaykum s-salam. كريس : الس لام عليكم. الحاج : وعليكم السلام. ا س غورك كان تجلابيت ن tadụt? Chris: is āurk kan tjllabit n تاضوت كريس :

99 94 Peace Corps/Morocco l-haj: tlla. Chris: ki ad sksuā. l-haj: matta l-lun ay trit? Chris: riā tungalt. l-haj: waxxa, haā ak jrrb ta. Chris: waxxa; tgzzul bzzaf, is tlla kan yat yadṇin igzzifn imih xf ta? l-haj: ur tsul āas ta s wungal is trit tazrqit? Chris: waxxa, ihnna l-hal l-haj: haā ak jrrb diā ta. Chris: nttat aynnaā. sạhha. l-haj: tusa yakd. bsḥha u r-raha. Chris: lla yعtịk s -sḥha. mšta? الحاج : تلا. كريس : كي ا د سكسوغ. الحاج : تريت م تا ال لون ا ي كريس : ريغ تونگالت. الحاج : وخا هغاك جرب تا. و خا تگز ول بز اف ا س ت لا كان يات يضنين ا غز يفن ا مح خف تا. ا ور تسول غاس تا س ونگال ا س تريت تزرقيت كريس : الحاج : كريس : و خا ا ه نا الحال. الحاج : هغاك جرب ديغ تا. كريس : ن تات ا ي ناغ. صح ا. الحاج : توس ياكد بصحة و الر احة. كريس : االله يعطيك الصح ة. مشتا الحاج : 4000 ريال. ryal. l-haj: 4000 Chris: bzzaf tāla; naqs imih. ad ak kā āas 3000 ryal. l-haj: waxxa; awid l-flus. Chris: haā ak, lla yعawn. l-haj: lla yعawn. بز اف تغلا ناقص ا ميح ا داك غاس كغ 3000 ريال. كريس : الحاج : و خا ا ويد الفلوس. كريس : هغاك االله يعاون. الحاج : االله يعاون.

100 95 Tamazight GRAMMATICAL POINTS REGULAR ADJECTIVES. Regular adjectives are placed after the noun they modify and must agree with it in number and gender. Examples: أرگاز أZي 5 ون Lame man argaz ahizun تامط $ت تحي 5 ون Lame woman tamtṭụt tahizunt English Masculine Feminine تازورارت tazurart ا زورار Fat azurar تاوس ات tawssart ا وس ار Old people awssar تسديت tusdit ا سديد Skinny usdid Small/Short agzzal ا گ ز ال tagzzalt تگ ز الت تمعضورت tamعdụrt ا معضور amعdụr Crazy تغز افت taāzzaft ا غز اف Long / tall aāzzaf تخاتارت taxatart ا خاتار Big axatar Young/Little /Small تمز انت tamzzant ا مز ان amzzan تجديت tujdit ا جديد New ujdid تمعگازت tamعgazt ا معگاز amعgaz Lazy تقديمت taqdimt ا قديم Old(thing) aqdim English Plural Masculine Plural feminine Fat izurarn ا زورارن tizurarin Old people iwssarn ا وس ارن tiwssarin Skinny usdidn ا سديدن tusdidin تي 5 وراري ( تي$% اري ( ت$%ديدي (

101 96 Peace Corps/Morocco Small/Short igzzaln ا گ ز الن tigzzalin Crazy imعdạr ا معضار timعdạr Long / Tall iāzzafn ا غز افن tiāzzafin Big ixatarn ا خاتارن tixatarin تيگز ا ي ( تيمع Vار تي> 5 ا 3 ي ( تيخاتاري ( Young/Little /Small imzzan timzzanin ا مز ان تيم 5 ا#ي ( New ujdidn ا جديدن tujdidin Lazy imعgazn ا معگازن timعgazin Old(thing) iqdim ا قديمن tiqdimin ت$ Qديدي ( تيمعگازين تيUديمي ( ADJECTIVES AS VERBS. آات * ت;رح Kathy is happy Katy tfrh مارك إ 3 رح Mark is happy Mark ifrh Adjectives conjugated in the 3 rd person singular. ا حرش it is rough ihrš ا عم ر iعmmr It is full It is empty ixwa ا خوا it is smooth ا شلولف išlulf ا حما it is hot ihma ا زور It is fat izur ا قرف it is cold iqrf ا سديد It is thin isdid ا رغا it is warm irāa ا م وت It is dead immut It is alive iddr ا د ر it is straight It is sharp išwa ا شوا it is winding inm ifrā ا نم ا فرغ ا عرق iعrq it is far ا حفا It is blunt ihfa ا نملا it is near inmala ا هي ا It is good ihyya ا ز اي it is heavy izzay ا ح لا It is good ihla ا فس وس it is light ifssus ا خا It is bad ixxa ا قمر it is narrow iqmr ا ح لاو It is sweet ihllaw

102 It is hot (spicey) It is cooked 97 Tamazight ا وسع عiws it is wide ا حر ا ihrra ا غز يف it is long iāzzif ا نوا inwa ا گ ز ول it is short igzzul ا م غ It is wet immā ا قور it is hard iqqur ا زوا It is dry izwa ا لگاغ it is soft ilggaā يونف It is open yunf It is closed iqqn ا قن it is difficult ا وهن It is easy iwhn išqqa ا ش قا

103 98 Peace Corps/Morocco Exceptions: Normally Tamazight adjectives can be conjugated in a way that the verb to be is implied. (I.e. Mark ifrh, Mark is happy.) Adjectives borrowed from Arabic, on the other hand, must have the to be verb g specifically added. ا گا مهم muhim. It is important. iga ا گا ضروري dạruri. It is obligatory. iga ا گا خطر xatạr. It is dangerous. iga ا گا متفاي ل mutafa il. He is optimistic. iga ا گا متشاي م mutaša im. He is pessimistic. iga Note the verb to be, g must agree with the subject. ADJECTIVES AS PARTICIPLES. To make a participle, take an adjective in it s he (3 rd person singular) form and add the suffix n. Example: irāa becomes irāan. ريغ ا مان ا رغان I want warmed water. riā aman irāan Indefinite adjectives: The adjective yaďnin meaning another is constant (i.e. it doesn t agree with a noun) and it always occurs after the noun. Examples: تد ارت ياضنين Another house taddart yadṇin ا رگاز ياضنين Another man argaz yadṇin تدروين ياضنين Some other house tiddrwin yadṇin ا رگزن ياضنين Some other men irgzn yadṇin ترا الكتاب ياضنين She wants another book. tra l-ktab yadṇin Another way to say another in Tamazight is by using the words wayd, tayd, or tiyd depending on the number and gender of the subject.

104 99 Tamazight English Masculine Feminine وي { wiyd واي { wayd Another (singular) تي { tiyd تاي { tayd Others (plural) Examples: I have two sisters, one studies at the university, the other works at the post office. Some men are near the mosque, others went to the fields āuri snat taytmatin, yat da tqra g l-jamiعa tayd da txddm g l-bostạ. idsn irgazn llan tama n,عl-jam wiyd ddan s igran غوري سنات تايتماتين يات د تقرا گ الجامعة تايض دتخد م گ البوسطة. ا دسن ا رگزن لان تمان الجامع ويض د ان س ا گران. COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE ADJECTIVES. Comparative Adjectives: We use comparative adjectives when we are comparing two objects/persons based on some quality or characteristic. For example, in English we can say: I am taller than John. Taller than John is the comparative form of the adjective tall. In Tamazight to compare two objects we add the proposition xf to the adjective. Examples: Said is younger than Hassan Hassan is older than Said The public phone is closer than the post office. saعid immziy xf Hassan Hassan ixatr xf saعid t-tilibutik tnmala xf l-bostạ. سعيد ا مز ي خف حسن. حسن ا خاتر خف سعيد. ال تيليبوتيك تنملا خف البوسطة. Other ways of comparing. Tamazight uses a number of words when making comparisons. The most common of these are "yuf" and "yugr."

105 100 Peace Corps/Morocco Examples: توف تميمت ا ودي. udi. Honey is better than butter. tuf tamimt يوف غوري الحليب ا تاي. atay. I prefer milk to tea. yuf āuri l-hlib يوگر بوب گ العمر. l-عmr. He is older than Bob. yugr Bob g يوگري گ تغزي. taāzi. He is taller than I am. yugri g Which is better, the outside or the inside? mayd yufn, brra nād agnsu? مايد يوفن برا نغد ا گنسو Comparing like objects When comparing similar things/people we use the word "am", like" or "kif kif", an Arabic expression meaning "the same". Examples: The outside is like the inside. am brra, am agnsu. ا م بر ا ا م ا گنسو. ا خاتر ا م نك. nk. He is older, as I am. ixatr am نتني كيف كيف. They are the same. nitni kif kif Superlative adjectives The superlative adjective in Tamazight can be formed by adding the word ayd before the adjective in its participle form. Examples: دجيف ا غز يف Jeff is tall Jeff iāzzif Jeff is the tallest among them دجيف ا يد ا غزفن دگسن Jeff ayd iāzzifn digsn ن تات ا يد ا شوان She is the smartest nttat ayd išwan

106 101 Tamazight PRACTICE Exercice 1: read the text than answer the questions. Fadṃa tra a tssird bzzaf n ihruyn assa: s-srwal armadi d tajllabit tamllalt n urgazns. l-qamija tazrqit d j-jakitạ taqhwit n urbans, l-kswa tazggaāt d s -sạya tawraāt n tarbatns. l-pijama tazgzawt d z-zif amllal win Fadṃa. walaynni, tinmi t-tqašr tungalin?. فضمة ترا ا تس يرد بز اف ن ا حروين ا س ا: السروال ا رمادي د تج لابيت تم لالت ن ا رگ ز سا ن القميجة تزرقيت د الج اكيطة تقهويت ن ا ربانس. الكسوة تزگاغت د الص اية توراغت ن تربات نس. ا QnǑامE تزگزاوت د الز يف ا م لال وين فضمة. ولي ني تين مي الت قاشر تونگالين Questions: وين مي السروال ا رمادي armadi?.1 winmi s-srwal تين مي الجاكيطة تقهويت taqhwit? 2. tin mi j-jakitạ ا د الصاية توراغت تين فاضمة Fadṃa? 3. id s -sạya tawraāt tin ا د الپيجامة ن فضمة تگا تزرقيت tazrqit? 4. id l-pijama n Fadṃa tga مايد ا گان اللو ن ن الت قاشر t-tqašr? 5. mayd igan l-lun n Exercise 2: work with your host family to find the adjectives for each picture.

107 102 Peace Corps/Morocco Exercise 3: fill in the blanks with the appropriate adjectives. 1. iširran da qran mzyan g l-mdrassa. 2. riā ad bbiā aksum s l-mus walaynni tkay-i Rqiyya yan. 3. t -tạjin nna ntša g l-qhwa walaynni imih. 1) ا شر ان د قران مزيان گ المدرسة. 2) ريغ ا د ب يغ ا كسوم س الموس ولي ني تكايي رقية يان. 3) ال طجين نا نتشا گ القهوة ولي ني ا ميح. ( 4 س يردن ا حروين ا سناط د دغي. dāi. 4. ssirdn ihruyn asnat d 5. l-mdrassa walaynni l-bostạ sg da. 6. ussan imzwura ufiā tamaziāt walaynni dāi. 7. nttat walaynni imas. وليني البوسطة دا. سگ 5) المدرسة 6) ا س ان ا مزورا ا فيغ تمازيغت وليني دغي. ن تات وليني ا ماس ( 8 نرا ا نعوم گ ا سيف وليني walaynni nعum g wasif 8. nra a (7 Exercise 4: answer the following questions based upon the drawing.

108 103 Tamazight Questions : 1. mayd iālan adịl nād/mid l-banan? 2. mayd irxsṇ adịl nād/mid d-dllah? 1) مايد ا غلان ا ضيل نغد / مد البنان 2) مايد ا رخصن ا ضيل نغد / مد الد لاح 3. mayd yufn d-dllah nād/mid l-banan? 3) مايد يوفن الد لاح نغد / مد البنان ( 4 ا د ا ضيل ا يد ا غلان iālan? 4. id adịl ayd ( 5 مايد ا رخصن? irxsṇ 5. mayd Exercise 5: compare each pair using comparative adjectives.

109 104 Peace Corps/Morocco SHOPPING FOR FOOD Objective: by the end of this chapter, you will be able to: Shop for produce, meats and spices. FRUITS AND VEGETABLES At the greengrocer āur uxdḍạr غور ا خض ار 1. xizzu 5 و يG 11. ibawn 2. š-šiflur Ǒ; N $ر ا 12. l-fjl إ 9 اون ا ; F \ ت> Yايت 13. taāsayt ا U $ق 3. l-quq ا + ومE W9 اطا 14. t-tuma 4. batạtạ أز يΚ 15. azalim ت; Ǒ;Ǒت 5. tiflfilt ا بار 9 ا 16. l-barba د# Fال 6. ddnjal 7. l-xyar الخيار 17. tallfin ا م ۷ $ر 18. l-mkwwr مطيEN 8. matịša $ 9 يا ǑQبا# E 19. llubya 9. jlbana ۷ $رQي } lkurjit 20. ا ۷ ر ا 3 س 10. l-krafs تǑ ;ي (

110 105 Tamazight المعدنوس l-mعdnus Parsley السفرجل Quince s-sfrjl النعناع عnaعn-n Mint السلاوي Gourd s-slawi ال شيبة Absinth š-šiba الملوخية Okra l-mluxiya الويزة Verbena l-lwiza القصبور Coriander l-qsḅur بوعويد / تفراس buعwid/tifiras 9. ا ضيل 1. adịl التوت 10. t-tut ال ليمون 2. l-limun لڤوكا 11. lavoka الت فاح 3. t-tfah 4. l-friz الفريز 12. lananas 5. l-brquq البرقوق 13. d-dllah لناناس الد لاح حب الملوك 14. Hblmluk البنان 6. l-banan الشهدية 15. š-šhdiya الخوخ 7. l-xux الحامض 8. l-hamd

111 106 Peace Corps/Morocco Pomegranate r-rmman الرم ان Japanese plums المزاح l-mzah الكيوي Kiwi l-kiwi المشماش Apricots l-mšmaš UNITS OF MEASUREMENT. الميزان Scale l-mizan ڭرام Gram gram كيلو ¼ kilogram kilu ربع كيلو rbعkilu ¼kilogram نص كيلو ½ kilogram ns kilu كيلو لا ربع ¾ kilogram kilu lla rub جوج كيلو 2 kilograms juj kilu Expressions: كي يان كيلو ن n Give me a kilo of... ki yan kilu عبري briع me... Weigh (for) كي كان kan Give me some... ki زايدي...صح ا. sạhha More... please zaydi... شحال التمن ا كيلو ن......? n How much is a kilo of... šhal t-taman i kilu ماك ا خص ان ak-ixsṣạn? What do you need? m دمي ياضنين yadṇin? What else? dmi ا خص ايي... ixsṣạyi... I need... No that s enough. Only 1 kilo that s all! uhu, baraka. āas yan kilu sạhha! ا هو بر كا غاس يان كيلو صح ا.

112 و ا 107 Tamazight Dialogue: Susan: sḅah l-xir. axdḍạr: sḅah l-xir ma km ixsṣạn a lalla? Susan: riā juj kilu n xizzu, d kilu n matịša d ns kilu n l-barba, xtari ka yhlan. fakع zaydi yan kilu u عrb n uzalim. سوزان : صباح الخير ا خض ار : صباح الخير ماكم ا خص ان ا للا ريغ جوج كيلو ن خيز و, د كيلو ن مطيشة د نص كيلو ن الباربا ختاري كا ا حلان عفاك. زايدي يان ربع ن كيلو ا زليم. سوزان : ا خض ار : صافي اللا lalla? axdḍạr: safi a Susan: mšta i t-tffah? axdḍạr: miyatayn u šrinع ryal. Susan: waxxa, briع kilo lla rub. ah! ttuā. ki imih n l-qsḅur d l- mعdnus. سوزان : مشتا ا الت فاح ا خض ار : مياتاين وعشرين ريال و خا عبري كيلو لا روب. ا ه توغ كي ا ميح ن القصبور د المعدنوس سوزان : ا خض ار : و خا اللا lalla. axdḍạr: waxxa a سوزان : مشتا كلشي kulši? Susan: mšta axdḍạr: āurm a lalla tsعmiya u sttin ryal. ا خض ار : غورم ا للا تسع مية و س تين ريال سوزان : شحال س الدرهم عفاك. fakع Susan: šhal s d-drahm axdḍạr: tmnya u rbعin drhm. Susan: haā-ak a sidi, ak iعawn rbbi. ا خض ار : تمانية وربعين درهم سوزان : هغاك ا سيدي ا ك يعاون رب ي ا خض ار : ا د ا خلف رب ي rbbi. axdḍạr: ad ixlf

113 108 Peace Corps/Morocco Spices SPICES AND MEAT الزعفران z-zعfran Saffron العطرية l-عtṛiya Spices الخرقوم Turmeric l-xrqum تيسنت Salt tisnt Black pepper l-bzar البزار Hot pepper tiflflt ihrran تيفلفلت ا حر ان القرنفل Cloves l-qrnfl سكينجبير Ginger skinjbir الحبق Basil l-hbq القرفة Cinnamon l-qrfa ال تحميرة Paprika t-thmira ا زوك ني Oregano azuknni الگوزة Nutmeg l-guza At the butcher s ا گ ز ار Butcher agzzar اكسوم / تفيي Meat aksum/tifiyi الغنمي Lamb lānmi ا عجلي aعjli Beef العنزي l-عnzi Goat meat تسا Liver tasa Ground meat Meat w/o bones l-kfta l-hbra الكفتة الهبرة ا ف لوس Chicken afullus

114 109 Tamazight PRACTICE Exercise: you have guests for dinner and you want to serve them with cakes and then a tajine. List the items you need for preparing teo, cakes and a tajine and write your shopping list. Then, write a shopping list for an American dish.

115 110 Peace Corps/Morocco FOOD AND DRINK Objective: by the end of this chapter, you will be able to: Use the correct words and expressions concerning food and drink. Express likes and dislikes using zzaعjb/iع (to please). Express necessity or obligation with xsṣạ (to need/ to have to). FOOD AND DRINK ا سلمان Fish islman الماكلة Food l-makla ال لوبية Beans llubya الفضور Breakfast l-fdụr العدس l-عds Lentils ا مكلي Lunch imkli لحيمز Chick peas l-himz ا منسي Dinner imnsi الطاجين Tajine t -tạjin Steamed pasta with cinnamon and sugar s-sffa الشعرية š-šعriya Vermicelli الشلاضة Salad š-šlada French fries l-frit/ batạt a iqlan الس فة لفريت/بطاطا ا قلان Moroccan soup Olives z-zitun الز يتون Vegetable soup tahrirt s -sụbba تحريرت الص وب ة الر وز Rice r-ruz البسطيلة Bastilla l-bstịla سكسو Couscous sksu ا كسوم Meat aksum لnيتزا Pizza l-pitza ا فو لوس Chicken afullus AT THE CAFE الگرسون The waiter l-garsun القهوة تونگالت Black coffee l-qhwa tungalt القهوة س الحليب Coffee with milk l-qhawa s l-hlib

116 111 Tamazight قهوة نص نص Half milk half coffee qhwa ns ns الحليب ا نوان Hot milk l-hlib inwan القهوة ا فس وسن Weak coffee l-qhwa ifssusn القهوة ا قسحن Strong coffee l-qhwa iqshn القهوة س ا ميح ن الحليب Coffee with a little milk l-qhwa s imih n l-hlib العصير ن ال ليمون l-عasir n l-limun Orange juice العصير ن الت فاح l-عasir n t-tffah Apple and milk shake العصير ن البنان l-عasir n l-banan Banana and milk shake العصير ن اللوز l-عasir n l-luz Almond and milk shake ا بر اد ن وتاي Pot of tea abrrad n watay الكاس ن وتاي Glass of tea l-kas n watay س النعناع عnaعn-n with mint s ا دور ا ح لاو Not very sweet adur ihllaw bzzaf كان الس كر عفاك fakع Some sugar please kan s-skkar يان الكاس ن ومان ا كرمن A glass of cold water yan l-kas n waman ikrmn AT THE RESTAURANT المنو The menu l-menu ا وييد عفاك afakع Please bring me awyid ا س غر ون... āurun Do you have is مايد غر ون āurun? What do you have? mayd Is there any food without meat? I want a tajine without meat. What do you have for dessert? We want a table for (four people). is tlla kan l-makla bla aksum? riā yan t -tạjin bla aksum. mayd āurun g d-disir? nra yat t -tạbla n (rbعa n mddn). ا س ت لا كان المكلة بلا ا كسوم ريغ يان ال طجين بلا ا كسوم. مايد غر ون گ الد سير نرا يات ال طبلة ن (ربعة ن مدن ( بر ا Outside brra

117 112 Peace Corps/Morocco ا گنسو Inside agnsu الحساب عفاك.. afakع The bill, please. l-hsab بالصحة. bsḥha. To your health. االله يعطيك الصحة. s -sḥha. tịkع To your health. llay How do you like the food? is ak- tعjb l-makla? ا س ا ك تعجب المكلة ا ورغوري مايد تنيغ. tiniā. No complaints. ur āuri mayd المكلة تطفوت. tat fut. The food is delicious. l-makla Dialogue: Judy d Paul g r-ristọra. دجودي د پول گ الريسطورة. l-garsụn : mrhba issun. Paul : sạhha, is tlla kan t -tạbla n sin mddn? l-garsụn : ay tlla, mag tram a tqqimm? Paul : nra yat t -tạbla taman n s-srjm. الگرصون : مرحبا ا س ون. صح ا ا س تلا كان الطبلة ن سين مدن پول : الگرصون : ا ي ت لا ماگ ترام ا ت قيمم پول : نرا يات الطبلة تمان السرجم. الگرصون : ماي ترام ا تتشم ttšm? l-garsụn : may tram a دجودي : مايد ا لان illan? Judy : mayd l-garsụn : han l-menu. Judy : nkkin, riā š-šladạ d sksu s l-ānmi. Paul : nkkin da ttšaā āas l-xdṛt. is tlla kan l-makla bla aksum? l-garsụn : ay, tlla l-lubya Paul : waxxa, awyid š-šladạ d t -tḅsil n llubya. الگرصون : هان المنو. ن كين ريغ الشلاضة د سكسو س الغنمي. ن كين د تتشاغ غاس الخضرت ا س ت لا كان المكلة بلا ا كسوم دجودي : پول : الگرصون : ا ي تلا ال لوبية. و خا ا وييد شلاضة د طبسيل ن ا للوبية. پول: الگرصون : ا س ترام ا تسوم كا ka? l-garsụn : is tram a tsum Judy: nkkin riā yat koka ikrmn. Paul: nkkin riā āas aman sạfi. دجودي : نكين ريغ يات كوكا ا كرمن. پول : ن كين ريغ غاس ا مان صافي.

118 Paul : l-hsab. afakع ****************************** 113 Tamazight پول : الحساب عفاك. الگرصون : 60 درهم. drhm. l-garsụn : 60 Paul : haā ak. l-garsụn : ad ixlf rbbi, is awn tعjb l-makla? Judy d : paul tat fut, tعjb aā bzzaf. l-garsụn : bsḥha u r-raha. Judy d : paul lla yعtịk s -sḥha. پول : هغاك. ا د ا خلف رب ي. ا س ا ون تعجب الماكلة الگرصون : دجودي د : تاطفوت تعجباغ بز اف. پول الگرصون : بالصحة و الر احة. دجودي د : االله يعطيك الصحة. پول

119 114 Peace Corps/Morocco GRAMMATICAL POINTS THE REFLEXIVE VERB TO PLEASE/TO LIKE. Usually it is uncommon to say, literally "I like something" rather we use the construction "Something pleases me." In reality this phrase would translate into the English "I like something" but what is important is that you understand that the "person who likes" is actually the object of the sentence and the thing liked is the subject. As a result of this, the verb must always agree in gender andnumber with the subject, that is, the thing "liked" How to conjugate the verb " jbع" in the past tense Subject Verb Object Pronouns i ا ak ا ك am ا م iعjb (m, s) tعjb (f, s) p) jbnع (m, p) jbntع (f, as as aā awn ا عجب تعجب عجبن عجبنت ا س ا س ا غ ا ون awnt ا ونت asn ا سن asnt ا سنت Note: We use the past tense of the verb " jbع" to mean either a past or a present action. The context shows when the action takes place. Examples : Masculine singular. ا عجبي المغرب. l-mārib. iعjbi I like Morocco. ا عجباس ا دو ارنس. uddwarns. Iعjb as She like her duwar. ا عجباغ سكسو. sksu. iعjb aā We like Couscous.

120 115 Tamazight Feminine singular. تعجبا سن تج لابيتنس. tajllabitns. tعjb asn They like her djellaba. Masculine plural. ا س ا ك عجبن ا مغربين. imaārabin jbnع Did you like Moroccans? is ak Feminine plural. I like the women of the association because they worked hard. jbntiع tiwtmin n l-jamعiya ašku xdmnt bzzaf. عجبنتي تيوتمين ن الجمعي ة ا شكو خدمنت بز اف. Interrogation (Questions:) with jbع In a question (when using the is auxiliary) we put the object pronouns (I, ak, am, as, aā, akn, aknt, asn, asnt) between the question word "is" and the verb. Examples : Did you (m, p) like the falls at Ouzoud is awn jbnع š-šllalat g Ouzoud? ا س ا ون عجبن الش لالا ت گ ا وزود ا س ا س ا عجب فاس Fes? iعjb Did he like Fez? is as Negation In a negation we put the object pronounces between the negative indicator "ur" and the verb. We then add 'i' before the last letter of the stem (i.e. before the 'b' in ( jbع as seen in the past tense. Examples: You didn't like the falls at Ouzoud. ur awn jibnع švšllalat g Ouzoud. ا ور ا ون عجيبن الشلالات گ ا وزود. ا ور ا س ا عجيب فاس. Fes. iعjib He didn't like Fez. ur as jbع in the present tense We use the present tense of the verb " jbع" in order to express a habitual action.

121 116 Peace Corps/Morocco The imperative continuous of the verb " jbع" is "tiعjib" We conjugate the verb follows. " jbع" in the present tense as Present tense indicator Direct object pronouns Subject (the thing liked) & the verb tعjab i ا ak ا ك am ا م da as as aā awn itiعjib (m, s) ttiعijb (f, s) tiعjibn (m, p) tiعjibnt (f, p) دا ا س ا س ا غ ا ون ا تعجيب تعجيب تعجيبن تعجيبنت awnt ا ونت asn ا سن asnt ا سنت Examples: subject: jbع with masculine singular داي تعجيب سكسو. sksu. tiعjib I like couscous. da yi داغ ا تعجيب المغرب. l-mārib. itiعjib We like Morocco. da aā subject: jbع with feminine singular You (m, p) don't like beer. ur da awn ttiعjib l-birra. ا ور دياون تعجيب البير ا. ا س دياك تعجيب القهوة l-qhwa. ttiعjib Do you like coffee. is da ak subject: jbع with masculine plural داي تعجيبنت الجمعي ات. l-jmعiyyat. tiعjibnt I like associations da yi Do you (f, p) like hot cities? is da awn tiعjibnt timizar ihman. ا س داون تعجيبنت تمزار ا حمان.

122 117 Tamazight Note: We apply the same rule of a verb following another when jbع is follows by a second verb. (We always use jbع with masc. sing. Subject) Examples : داي تعجيب ا د گنغ زيك. zik. tiعjib ad gnā I like to go to bed early. da yi Do you like to play soccer? She doesn't like to go to the cafe. is da ak itiعjib ad tlعbt takurt? ur da as itiعjib ad tddu s l-qhwa. ا س دياك ا تعجيب ا تلعبت تكورت ا ور داس ا تعجيب ا تد و س القهوة. THE VERB TO NEED, TO HAVE TO, MUST, SHOULD The verb xsṣạ (*) translates into all of the follwing in English to need, to have to, must, and should. It is conjugated like the verb. jbع The verb xsṣạ is conjugated in the past tense but has a present tense meaning. Subject verb Object pronoun i ا ak ا ك am ا م ixsṣạ (m, s) txsṣạ (f, s) xsṣạn (m, p) xsṣạnt (f, p) as as aā awn ا خص ا تخص ا خص ان خص انت ا س ا س ا غ ا ون awnt ا ونت asn ا سن asnt ا سنت For the masculine singular (ixsṣạ) and the feminine singular (txsṣạ) forms of the verb, the letter 'y' (*) is added between the object pronoun and the verb. This makes it easier to pronounce the final 'a' of the verb with the initial vowel ('i' or 'a') of the object pronoun.

123 118 Peace Corps/Morocco Examples: I need a Tamazight book. She needs a refrigerator. ixsṣạyi yan l-ktab n tmaziāt. txsṣạ t t-tllaja. ا خصايي كان تخصات الت لاجة. الكتاب ن تمزيغت For the masculine plural (xsṣạn) and the feminine plural (xsṣạnt) forms, this 'y' is not necessary since these forms end in consonant sounds. Examples: خص انكن الكتوب. l-ktub. You (m, p) need books. xsṣạn kn خص انتنت البونجات. l-punjat. They (f) need sofas. xsṣạnt tnt Like other verbs however, xsṣạ may be followed by a second verb which is conjugated in the future tense. Examples: I have to learn Tamazight. You (mas pl) should be on time. You (fem) shouldn't stay up late. ixsṣạyi ad llmāع tamaziāt. ixsṣạ kn at ilim g l-uqt. ur km ixsṣạ a tshrt. ا خص ايي ا دعلمغ تمازيغت. گ ا خص اكن ا تليم الوقت. ا ور كم ا خص ا ا تسهرت. Note that when we use a verb after xsṣạ we always use "ixsṣạ" the masculine singular form. As you can see in the last example, the negation is similar to the verb." jbع" The past tense of xsṣạ The past tense of xsṣạ is formed by adding the verb "kk" (used to be) before it. If xsṣạ is followed by another verb, you conjugate kk in the past tense "he" form (ikka)(*) then conjugate xsṣạ on the masculine singular. If xsṣạ is followed by a noun, however, "kk" and xsṣạ must agree in number and gender. Examples: I had to study yesderday. ikka ixsṣạyi ad ārā asnat. ا كا ا خص ايي ا د غرغ ا سناط. ا كا ا خص ايي يان الكتاب. l-ktab. I needed a book. ikka ixsṣạy i yan كان خص اني ا دسن الكتوب. l-ktub. I needed some books. kkan xsṣạn i idsn

124 119 Tamazight THE VERB TO WANT, TO LIKE. The verb iri translates into the English "to want" or "to like." "iri" is a special verb in that when conjugated in the past it can have a past or present tense meaning, depending on the context. Example: دا تريغ ا تاي س ال نعناع..عnaعnn I like mint tea. da tiriā atay s Note: The present tense of iri should not be used with people unless you intend a romantic meaning. Examples: داك تريغ. tiriā. I love you/i like you da k I love Mohamed/I like Mohamed. da tiriā Mohamed. دا تريغ محمد. The past tense of iri can expresses a present tense meaning of "to want." To express a past tense meaning of "to want", you must first use a past tense conjugated form of the verb "kk" followed by the past tense form of iri. Examples: I had wanted to leave early. She had wanted to tell him something. kkiā riā ad ffā zik tkka tra ad as tini ka كيغ ريغ ا د فغ زيك. ت كا ترا ا د ا س تني كا.

125 120 Peace Corps/Morocco PRACTICE Exercise 1: make correct sentences using jbع and the nouns provided. is i ak am as iعjb tعjb jbnع jbntع ا ا ك ا م ا عجب ا س تعجب ا غ ا Wم$ 9 ي ҟت? t -tụmubilat aā عجبن awn l-otịl ҟت $ fي عجبنت ا ون ا ونت تمازي>ت awnt tamaziāt ا سن إس ۷ asn iskla ҟ ا س asnt ا سنت i ak am ا ا ك ا م ur da ا س ا تيعجيب تمازيغت as tamaziāt itiعjib aā ttiعjib aāyultx ا غيول tiعjibn tiعjibnt ا ون تيعجيبنت ا سلمان awn islman ا ور دا تيعجيب ا غ تخ تيعجيبن awnt asn asnt ا ونت ا سن ا سنت

126 121 Tamazight Exercise 2: make as many sentences (affirmative and negative) as you can with pictures. jbع using these Exercise 3: write the expressions that go along with these signs using the verb xsṣạ. Exercise 4: answer the question. ma k ixsṣạn a tgt afad a tgt yan l-mutatạwi ع injhn? ماك ا خص ان ا ا نجحن تگت ا فاد ا تگت يان المتطو ع

127 122 Peace Corps/Morocco MEDICAL AND BODY Objective: by the end of this chapter, you will be able to: Describe in Tamazight body parts and common illnesses. BODY PARTS. 1. aqmu/ udm أ"م$ / اودم أ _ار 16. a d ar ت;د#ت 17. tifdnt إم * imi 2. أز ار 18. azzar تمارت 3. tamart 4. agrd أگرض 19. agrni أڭر# * أم 5 وغ 20. amzzuā إ=ير 5. iāir أ# Fاي 21. anjay أدمر 6. admr تن 5 ار 22. tinzar أ 3 وس 7. afus أ ( aln 23. ت>مرت 8. tiāmrt تم$ا 24. timiwa أ 3 وس 9. afus ت$=ماس 25. tuāmas أ _اض 10. adạd إ س 26. ils إس ۷ ر 11. iskr أ# N $ش 27. anšuš أديس 12. adis ا م$% Wاش 28. l-mustaš ت>ما 13. taāma تمارت 29. tamart أ 3 $د 14. afud

128 123 Tamazight COMMON ILLNESSSES. ماك ياغن yaān? What s wrong with you? ma k مايد ا جران ijran? What s the matter? mayd ماك ا ن قان inqqan? What ails you? ma k ماك ا نغان ināan? What aches? ma k ديگي تاولا. tawla. I have a fever. digi ديگي الر واح. r-rwah. I have a cold. digi تاغي تبحباحت. tbhbaht. I have a sore throat. taāi ا قوري ا ديس. udis. I m constipated. iqquri ديگي الحساسي ة. n... I m allergic to... āuri l-hasasiya ا نغايي ا خف. ixf... I have a headache. ināayi ا نغايي ا مز وغينو. umzzuāinu. My ear aches. ināayi دو خغ. duwxā. I feel dizzy. تو جرحخ. ttujarhā. I m injured. كمدغ /غوسغ. kmdā/āusā. I m burnt. تنغايي توغمست. tuāmst. I have a toothache. tnāayi ا نغايي.... ināayi My... hurts. دا تراراغ. traraā. I vomit/throw up. da ا خص ايي ا د ا نييغ ا ضبيب. adḅib. I need to see a doctor. ixsṣạyi ad inniyā

129 124 Peace Corps/Morocco PRACTICE Exercise 1: read the dialogue and answer the questions. Dialogue: Samira: ma km yaān, id labas? Rachel: ināayi udis. Samira: is digm azbar bzzaf? Rachel: ay, bzzaf. Samira: sḅr šwi, ad am srkmā yan l-kas n azuknni hat ihla bzzaf. Rachel: uhu,, afamع ur ixsṣạ ad suā l-عšub. Samira: waxxa; walaynni hat ur āiyā a km inniyā g l-halttx. Rachel: afamع sawl g n-nmratx n hay at s-salam afad ad i ārn. Samira: waxxa mrhba. Kan l-bas ur illi. Rachel: rbbi ak km injja. Questions: %ميرة : ماآΚ يا= ) إد 9Dاس ري+ Nي \: إ#>اي * أديس. %ميرة : إس ديگم أز 9 ار 59 اف ري+ Nي \: إييO 59 اف. صبر ]$ي أد أم س رآم 1 يان ا ۷ اس ن أ زآن *. هات إZ 59ҟ اف. %ميرة : ري+ Nي \: أ ه$ ع;ام أور إYG ا أد%$غ ا عN $ب. وG ا وDين * هات أور=ي 1 أ آΚ گ ا ا +ا. إ # يي 1 ع;ام%اول گ ا ن مراتJ ن هيي E ا ẇ ҟم أ 3 اد أد إ=رن. %ميرة : ري+ Nي \: %ميرة : وG ا مرZبا آان ا باس أور إ *. ري+ Nي \: ر 9 * أ آΚ إ# F ا.. 1 مايد يا= ( ري+ Nي \ Rachel? 1. mayd yaān. 2 إس ت ۷ ا سميرة آان أسا 3 ار إ ري+ Nي \ Rachel? 2. is tka Samira kan usafar i. 3 ما خ ري+ Nي \ اورتري أتẇ $ ا عN $ب l-عšub? 3. max Rachel ur tri at-su. 4 إس تد ا ري+ Nي \ س ا ẇبيطار ماخ max? 4. is tdda Rachel s s-sbitạr? Exercise 2: what would you say if you were the person in the picture.

130 125 Tamazight SITE VISIT EXPRESSIONS Here are some useful expressions you may need during your site visit. My name is.. I am a Peace Corps Volunteer. I will be working here for two years at I'm going to spend two days with you. (to host family) Where is your youth center? Where is the hospital/delegation? What is the name of the chief doctor? Where is the agriculture office? Where is the water and forest office? Where is the "handicraft center"? Where is the post office? Please, I want to open a post box. عmutatạwi isminu. giā n/g hay'at s-salam. qad xdmā da sin isggasn g... qad qqimā āurun yumayn. mani dar š-šabab? mani s-sbitạr/nvniyaba? mismn l-midsan šaf (adḅib axatar)? mani l-mktb (l-biru) n l-filaha? mani l-mktb (l-biru) n l-miyyah u l-āabat? mani lartizana? mani l-bostạ? riā ad skrā bwat postạl. afakع إسمين$...گيغ م+ W $ ع ن / گ هيي E ا ẇ ҟم. "ادGدم 1 دا%ي ( إسگاسن گ... "اد " يم 1 =$ر ون يومي ). ما# * دار ا N باب ما# * ا ẇبيطار / ا ني اE9 ميẇم ( ا ميدسان ]اف (أ _بي p أGاتار ) ما# * ا م ۷ + p (ا بيرو) ن ا ; EZҟ ما# * ا م ۷ + p (ا بيرو) ا مي اه و ا >ا 9 ات ما# * Dرتي 5 ا#ا ما# * ا ب$% EW ري 1 أد س ۷ رغ 9 $اتW%$9 ال ع;اك. مايد إG Y ان أد س ۷ رغ skrā? What do I have to do? mayd ixsṣạn ad How much do I have to pay (a year?) Where is the bank, please? Where is the gendarm/police station please? mšta ayd ixsṣạn ad xllsā? mani l-banka? afakع mani jadarmiya/ l-bulis sạhha? مN +ا أيد إG Y ان أد 1Y ǑG ما# * ا بنE۷ ع;اك ما# * QادارميE / ا ب$ يس صح ا Can you please give me your phone number? (at the gendarm/police ki n-nmra n t-tilifunnk? afakع آ * ا نمرا ن ا + Ǒ ي;$ن# ' ع;اك

131 126 Peace Corps/Morocco station) I want to get a cart de sejour. Is there a pharmacy here? Is there a teleboutique here? Do you sell cell phone cards? Which service is available here: Mediatel or Maroc Telecom? Is there cell phone reception/coverage here? Is there CTM (the bus company)? What day/time is transportation available? Is there a cyber cafe here? riā ad skrā lakart d sijur. is illa kan l-frmasyan da? is tlla kan t-tilibutik da? is da tzznzat lakart n t-tilifun? matta r-rizu illan da? meditel nād Maroc telecom? is illa r-rizu da? is illa s-satyam da? mantur ayd da ytili l-mrkub? is tlla kan lanternet da? ري 1 أد س ۷ رغ D آارط سيF $ر إس إD آان ا ;رما%يان دا إس ت ҟ آان ا + Ǒ يب$تي ' دا إس دا ت 5#5 اتD آارط ن ا + Ǒ ي;$ن ماتا ا ر ي 5 و إDن دا ميدي+ي \#>د ماروك تǑي ۷ $م إس إD ا ري 5 و دا إس إD ا ẇ +يام دا ما#+$ر أيد داي+ يǑ * ا مرآ$ب إس ت ҟ آان ن+ريت دا مN +ا أس تعرق سگ دا da? tعrq sg How far is it from here? mšta as م+ ا واس# اگ داي+ Ǒ * ا ẇ $ق ssuq? Which day is the souk? matta was nnag illa Is there any association here? إس ت ҟ آان ا FمعيE دا da? l-jmعiya is tlla ka n Note: Ask your LCF for any other words or expressions you think you may need for your site visit.

132 127 Tamazight TRAVEL Ojective: by the end of this chapter, you will be able to: Talk about future plans. Identify means of transportation and use appropriate expressions for travel. Future time expressions: أس ۷ ا ا Yباح Tomorrow morning askka s -sḅah أس ۷ ا گ ا ẇبعe s-sbعa Tomorrow at seven askka g ي# X ن أس ۷ ا The day after tomorrow nnif n uskka يان واس One day yan was ا د ) # ا ( ديد ان Next sunday l-hdd ( nna) diddan ا ẇ يما# E (# ا) ديد ان Next week s-simana ( nna) diddan ا YيX (# ا) ديد ان Next summer s -sịf ( nna) diddan أسڭاس (#ا ) ديد ان/إمال Next year asggas (nna) diddan/imal

133 128 Peace Corps/Morocco GRAMMATICAL POINTS FORMING THE FUTURE TENSE qad/ad/mad + imperative simple (infinitive) + past tense ending. نك / ن كين غ ā nkkin ت ت Kiy/km t t كي / كم ا i ntta ن تا nttat qad t ت nkni ad n ن knni mad m t ت ن تات قاد نكني ك ني ماد م ت مت knnimti t mt ك نيمتي ن nitni n نيتني ا د nitnti نت nt نيتنتي Example: سو To drink su I will drink ad suā ا د سوغ We will drink You will drink He will drink She will drink ad tsut ad isu ad tsu ad nsu ad tsum ad tsumt ad sun ad sunt نسو ا p) You (m, ا تسوت will drink تسوم ا p) You (f, ا د يسو will drink تسومت ا (m) They ا تسو will drink They (f) will drink ا د سون ا د سونت Examples: 1-MoHa will travel to Rabat tomorrow morning. MoHa ad isafr s Rbat aska s -sḅah. موحا ا د ا سافر س الر باط ا سكا الصباح. 2-They will cook dinner tomorrow night. nitni ad snwin imnsi aska ggid. نيتني ا د سنوين ا منسي ا سكا

134 129 Tamazight گيض. 3-Fatima and Ali will get married next year. Fatima d Ali ad awln asggas diddan. فا طمة د علي ا د ا ولن ا سگ سا ديد ان. 4-Next month I will rent a house in my village. ayur diddan ad kruā taddart g udwwarinu. ا يور ديد ان ا دكروغ تد ارت گ ا دو ارينو. FUTURE TENSE NEGATION To form the negative of the future tense, the word nni, conjugated like a past tense pattern 1 verb, is inserted between the negative indicator ur and the normal future tense. ur + nni (conjugated like a past tense pattern 1 verb) + future tense ا ور نيغ ا د د وغ I will not go ur nniā ad dduā ا ور ت نيت ا تدوت * tddut You will not go ur tnnit a ا ور ا ني ا د ا د و He will not go ur inni ad iddu ا ورت ني ا تد و * tddu She will not go ur tnni a ا ور ن ني ا ن د و * nddu We will not go ur n-nni a ا ور ت نيم ا ت د وم * tddum You will not go (m,p) ur tnnim a ا ور ت نيمت ا تد ومت * tddumt You will not go (f, p) ur tnnimt a ا ور نين ا د د ون They will not go (m) ur nnin ad ddun ا ور نينت ا د دونت They will not go (f) ur nnint ad ddunt * Remember that the t assimilate the d and the n, and in this case, the i. i.e.: d+t=t; d+n=n ; d+i=y Examples: I will not go outside at night. He will not smoke in Ramaďan. She will not go to school tomorrow because she is sick. ur nniā ad ffāā s brra ggid. ur inni ad ikmu g Rmdạn. ur tnni ad tddu s l-mdrasa askka ašku tmrd. ا ور نيغ ا د فغغ س بر ا ا ور ا ني ا د ا كمو گيض. گ رمضان. ا ور ت ني ا تد و س المدرسة ا سكا ا شكو تمرض.

135 130 Peace Corps/Morocco She will not talk to her family till next week. ur tnni ad tsawl i l- familans ar s-simana diddan. ا ور ت ني ا تساول ا الفاملانس ا ر السيمانة ديد ان. In order to express will never, we put the word usar ( never ) instead of ur. Examples: usar + nni (conjugated like a past tense pattern 1 verb) + future tense ا وسار نيغ ا د كميغ. kmiā. I will never smoke. usar nniā ad She will never go to the cafe at night/ usar tnni a tddu s l-qhwa ggid. ا وسار ت ني ا تد و س القهوة گيض. USING VERBS CONSECUTIVELY In English we use the infinitive form of a verb after a conjugated verb (i.e. I want to read ). However, in Tamazight we conjugate the second verb in the future tense. ريغ ا د سوغ I want to drink riā ad suā تريت ا تسوت you want to drink trit ad tsut ا را ا د ا سو he wants to drink ira ad isu ترا ا تسو she wants to drink tra ad tsu نرا ا نسو we want to drink nra ad nsu ترام ا تسوم you want to drink (m, p) tram ad tsum ترامت ا تسومت you want to drink (f, p) tramt ad tsumt ران ا د سون they want to drink (m) ran ad sun رانت ا د سونت they want to drink (f) rant ad sunt Examples: She wants to read the book I hope to go to the U.S. tra a tār l-ktab. da tmnnaā ad dduā s mirikan. ترا ا تغر الكتاب. دا تم ناغ ا د دوغ س مريكان.

136 131 Tamazight Exceptions: Some verbs are followed by a second verb conjugated in the present tense (i.e. bdu to start and qqim to stay ): I started to speak Tamazight a month ago. I remained working until the afternoon Using other expressions bdiā da sawalā tamaziāt ayyur aya qqimiā da xddmā ar tadggat بديغ د سوالغ تمزيغت ا يورا يا. قيميغ دا خدمغ ا ر تدگ ت.ا This same construction is used after other words and expressions. The most important of these is afad. This word is the equivalent of the English expression in order to. Verbs following afad are always conjugated in the future tense. Examples: Rqiyya went to the post office in order to send a letter. I went to Marrakech in order to see Jason Rqiyya tdda s l-bostạ afad at azn yat tbrat. ddiā s mrrakš afad ad inniyā Jason رقية تد ا س البوسطة ا فاد ا تازن يات تبرات. د يغ س مر اكش ا فاد ا د ا نييغ دجايسن.

137 132 Peace Corps/Morocco TRAVEL GENERAL TRAVEL INFORMATION. Public transport in Morocco is both inexpensive and easy to use. Between major cities, trains are the quickest and most comfortable means of travel, although they can be crowded at certain times of year. Buses are the cheapest choice and can vary in terms of speed and comfort. TRAVELING BETWEEN CITIES. CTM: this is the national bus line, very comfortable, on schedule; seats are reserved and can be purchased in advance in most places. Unaccompanied baggage can be sent via CTM. Souk Buses: in each large town there is a bus station, such as qamra in Rabat. One can buy a ticket one day in advance and fares are set. Sometimes the ticket is for a reserved seat, other times it is for whatever seat is open when the bus goes through town. A ticket does not necessarily mean there is a real seat either. Sometimes there are additional places set-up in the aisle. You have to bargain for the price you pay for your luggage if this gets stored on top of the bus. The price depends upon the size of the piece. It is advisable to carry smaller pieces of luggage you can store in the bus itself. Souk buses do not always leave or arrive on time. They may stop in the middle of nowhere. They may also stop in towns along the way looking for additional passengers. Train: there are two classes: first and second. The price of any train car with air conditioning will be higher. Sometimes there are schedule changes, but no available printed timetables. Check to be sure that the time you wish to travel is still accurate. Train tickets can be bought in advance, and this is the only form of local transportation on which you can buy a round trip ticket. Grand Taxis: this is for travel between large towns and cities. They carry 6 passengers and since the fare is per seat, if you want you can pay for empty seats so that the taxi leaves earlier. Ask the other passengers in the car what the regular should be, do not ask the driver first. If you want to take the entire taxi for yourself, ask for a taxi korsa. Baggage does not cost extra in a taxi. Pick-up Truck (kamio): in some areas where no public transportation is available, people use their personal trucks to carry supplies to their douars; they also take passengers at a rate they determine themselves.

138 133 Tamazight Airport Transportation: there are airport buses and trains which run from Rabat Ville to the Casablanca airport. There are also airport buses which connect the airport to Casablanca, but from Rabat/Sale airport, there are only taxis. TRAVEL WITHIN CITIES. Petis Taxis: every city has petit taxis which can carry up to three passengers. The fare is calculated by meter. When you get in the taxis, ask that the meter be turned on. If there is no meter, or if it does not work, ask the price before you begin. Since the taxi can carry 3 passengers, if you are the only one getting in, he can pick up other passengers. If you are the second or thirdperson entering the taxi, ask the price for your trip. At night (usually by 8 p.m) until sunrise, the fare is 50% more than the daytime fare. Chariots: in very small villages, the chariots are used to get people to the weekly souk or to towns on the main road, where larger transportation is available for fartherdistances.

139 134 Peace Corps/Morocco Travel expressions. الطاكسي Taxi t -tạksi Where is the taxi stand? mani l-mahtṭạ n t -tḳsiyat? ماني المح طة ن ال طاكسي ات ا ويي...صح ا. sạhha. Please take me to... awyi s... I want to go to this address. Please wait a minute for me. riā ad dduā s ladrisatx. gganni/qqli imih sạhha. ريغ ا د د وغ س لادريساتخ. گاني /قلي ا ميح صح ا. مشتا عفاك? afakع mšta, How much, please? Turn on the meter please. sxdm l-kuntur sạhha. سخدم الكنتور صح ا. بد دا عفاك.. afakع Stop here, please bdd da Petit taxi / small taxi Grand taxi / large taxi Is there a seat to...? t -tạksi tamzzant / petit tạksi t -tạksi taxatart /grand tạksi is tlla kan l-blasṭ s...? ال طاكسي تمز انت/ ال طاكسي تخاتارت/ گران پتي طاكسي. طاكسي. ا س ت لا كان لبلاصت س... ييه تلا. tlla. Yes, there is. yeah, How many seats are reserved so far? Four and you are the fifth. I want to pay for two seats. šhal n l-blays ayd illan? rbعa d ki wisxmsa. riā ad xlls ā snat( n) l-blays. شحال ن البلايص ا يد ا لان ربعة د كي ويس خمسة. ريغ ا د خلصغ سنات ن البلايص. ال شيفور ن الطاكسي. t -tạksi Taxi driver š-šifur n البگاج. l-bagaj Baggage الكوفر Trunk l-kufr ال طوبيس City bus t -tọbis المح طة ن ال طوبيس City depot / stop l-mahtṭạ n t -tọbis Where does bus #... stop? manig da ytbdda t -tụbis nmra...? ماني گ داي تبد ا الطوبيس نمرا...

140 Does this bus go to...? Which bus do I need to take if I want to go to...? is da ytddu t -tọbistx s...? mattatṭọbis ayd ixsṣạn ad amzā mk riā ad dduā s..? 135 Tamazight ا س داي تد و ال طوبيستخ س... م تا ال طوبيس ا يد ا خص ان ا د ا مزغ مك ريغ ا د د وغ س... بد دا صح ا sạhha? Can you stop here? bd da ال ترمينوس Last stop / teminus t-tirminus الر وسوڤور Ticket taker r-rusuvur الكار Bus l-kar المح طة Bus station l-mahtṭạ Which bus is going to..? When does the bus leave to.? matta l-kar ayd itddun s...? mantur ayd da ytffā l-kar s...? مت ا الكار ا يد ا تد ون س... منتور ا يد داي ت فغ الكار س... ريغ توريقت س s I want a ticket to... riā tawriqt How much is the ticket to...? I want to keep my bag with me. Tell me when we arrive to.. šhal i twriqt s...? riā ad adjā āuri s -sạkinu.... s lmiع adday niwd شحال ا توريقت س... ريغ اد ا دجغ غوري الص اكينو. علمي ا د اي نيوض س... الشيفور. š-šifur Driver الگر سي ون. l-grisun Driver s assistant How long will you stop here? mšta n luqt ay trit at qqimt da? مشتا ن لوقت ا يد تريت ا ت قيمت ا س تخوا البلاصتخ l-blasṭx? Is this seat empty? is txwa ال تران. t-tran Train لاگار ن ال تران. t-tran Train station lagar n دا

141 136 Peace Corps/Morocco PRACTICE Exercise 1: fill in the blanks with the appropriate verbs and conjugate them in the future tense: ttu, azn, isin, g, kru, s, igiy, inig, xdm, qqim. nkkin amaynع g l-mārib. ayyur āur l-familianu. xf yan l-muعllim afad ad ārā tamaziāt, d ad sawlā i mddn. mn bعd taddart, d l-hwayj nna i yxsṣạn. nšallah l-mjhudinu afad ad awnāع mddn nna iعzzan āuri d āif t-taqafa n l-mārib. adday aydāع s mirikan tibratin i l-familanu g l-mārib. usar l-familanu d udwwarinu. ن كين عامين گ المغرب ا يور غور الفاملة نو خف يان المعلم ا فاد ا د غرغ تمازيغت د ا د ساولغ ا مد ن. من بعد تد ارت د الحوايج ن ا ا خص ان. ا نشا االله المجهود ينو ا فاد ا د عاونغ مد ن نا ا عز ان غوري د غيف التقافة ن المغرب. ا د اي عايدغ س مريكان تبراتين ا الفاملة نو گ المغرب. ا وسار الفاملة نو د ا دو ار ينو. Exercise 2: read the dialogue and write down Liz s plan for the next week (use words for tomes, not numbers). Then write your own schedule for the upcoming week. What will you do each day and at what time? Dialogue: Mohamed: mantur a tddut s l-fištạ? Liz: as n l-tnini g 8:30. Mohamed: matta luqt a tjmعt d l-muعllimnm? Liz: as n l-tlat g 2:20. Mohamed: mantur a tddut s s-sinema? Liz: l-arbعg 9:15. Mohamed: mantur a tlعbt tinis? Liz: l-xmis g 3:45. Mohamed: mantur a tinniyt adḅib? محمد : مانتور ا ت د وت س الفيشطة ليز : ا س ن التنين گ 8:30 محمد : م تا لوقت ا تجمعت د المع لم نم ليز : ا س ن التلات گ 2:20 محمد : مانتور ا تد وت س الس ينيما ليز : لاربع گ 9:15 محمد : مانتور ا تلعبت التينيس ليز : الخميس گ 3:45 محمد : مانتور ا تينيت ا ضبيب

142 137 Tamazight Liz: l-jumuعa g 11:00. Mohamed: mantur a tddut s s-suq? Liz: as n s-sbit g 5:15. Mohamed: matta luqt da ytffā t-tran nnag trit atnit Liz: l-hdd g 9:50. ليز : الجمعة گ 11:00 محمد : مانتور ا تد وت س الس وق ليز : ا س ن السبيت گ 5:15 م تا لوقت دا تنيت ا محمد : يتفغ التران نا گ تريت ليز : الحد گ 9:50 Exercise 3: combine the following words into sentences. 1. Amina / ddu /l-bostạ / afad / sā / t-tanbr. 2. ntta / iri / safr / fransa / afad / ār. 3. nkni / bdu / ār / tamaziāt / ayyur / izrin. 4. nttat / qqim / sawl / i / l-familanns / g t-tilifun. 1. أمينE / د و/ ا ب$% EW / أ 3 اد/ س 1 ا +نبر. 2.#+ ا/ إري /%ا 3 ر/ 3 ر# ẇا / ۷#.3 ن */ 9 دو / =ر/ تمازي>ت/ أ 3 اد/ =ر. أي$ر إزري ). 4.#+ ات/ " يΚ /%اول / إ / ا ;ام ҟ #س / گ / ا + Ǒي;$ن. Exercise 4: read the dialogue and answer the questions. Dialogue: : atiqaع may trit ad tgt s-simana (nna) diddan? Kristin: qad safrā s Fes. tddut? : atiqaع mag trit a kristin: g tranzit ar Errachidia ad nsā g lotịl s -sḅah nšallah ad amzā l-kar s fes. Errachidia? : atiqaع mantur a tffāt Kristin: illa yan l-kar g 9:00 n s -sḅah ad- awd ā Fes g 5:30 n tdggat. ماي تريت ا تگت ال سيمانة ديد ان ( نا) عتيقة : كريستين : قاد سافرغ س فاس. عتيقة : م گا تريت ا تد وت گ ترانزيت ا ر الر اشدية ا دنسغ گ لوطيل. الصباح نشاء االله ا د ا مزغ الكار س فاس. كريستين : عتيقة : مانتور ا تفغت الراشدية ا لا يان الكار گ 9:00 ن الصباح ا د ا وضغ فاس گ 5:30 ن تدگ ت.ا كريستين :

143 138 Peace Corps/Morocco dinnaā? : atiqaع may trit a tgt Kristin: riā āas ad Huwsā hilli. : atiqaع iwa ad yawi rbbi s-slamt Kristin: amin. عتيقة : ماي تريت ا تگت دي ناغ كريستين : ريغ غاس ا د حوسغ هيلي. عتيقة : ا وا ا د ياوي رب ي السلامت. كريستين : ا مين. Questions: 1. mayd tra kristin a tskr g s-simana (nna) diddan? تسكر گ الس يمانة 1. مايد ترا كريستن ا ( نا) ديد ان. 2 ا س ترا ا تد و س الرباط r-rbat? 2. is tra a tddu s. 3 ا د كرستين ترا ا تد و گ الماشينة l-mašina? 3. id Kristin tra a tddu g. 4 ماي ترا ا تسكر گ فاس Fes? 4. may tra a tskr g

144 AT THE POST OFFICE Objective: by the end of this chapter, you will be able to: Buy stamps and send letters and parcels. GENERAL INFORMATIONS. 139 Tamazight Stamps are available at tobacco stores in addition to the post office. It is best to mail your letters at the mail slot outside the post office since pick-ups can be infrequent at other mail boxes. When sending packages out of the country, you are required to fill out a customs declaration form. Be sure to leave the package open because an official is required to see the contents before it is sealed. Post Office Vocabulary: لدريسة Address ladrisa البوسطة Post office l-bostạ Envelope jwa جوا Post card kart ppostạl Letter tabrat تبرات Money order l-mandạ كارط المانضة پوسطال كولية Package kulya ال تنبر Stamp t-tanbr Registered letter tabrat rikomandi عادي adiع Normal تبرات ريكمندي الفا Postman l-faktur Post box Box (for a package) bwat ppostạl إڪسپريس Express ikspres كتور الد يوانة Customs d-diwana بواط پوسطال السكوتش Tape s-skotš كارطونة kartọna لصاق Glue lsạq Verbs: To send azn ا زن To close/seal ا مز To receive amz لص ق To paste lsṣ q عم ر mmrع To fill in qqn قن

145 140 Peace Corps/Morocco Expressions: I want a stamp for the US/Morocco please. I want to send this letter/package. How much will I pay to send this...? How much time will it take to arrive in...? Why don t letters arrive quickly? riā yan t-tanbr n mirikan/l-mārib. afakع riā ad aznā tabratdx / l-kuliyadx. mšta ayd i ixsṣạn ad xlls ā afad ad aznā...dx? mšta n luqt ay t ixsṣạn an tawd / an tgulut s...? max tibratin ur da?عfisa tawdṇt ريغ يان التنبر ن مريكان / المغرب عفاك. ريغ ا د ا زنغ تبرات دخ / الكولية دخ. مشتا ا يد ا خص ان ا د خلصغ ا فاد ا د ا زنغ...دخ مشتا ن لوقت ا يت ا خص ان ا ن تاوض/ ا ن تگولوت س... ماخ تبراتين ا وردا تاوض تن فساع Dialogue: g l-bostạ. Judy: riā yan t-tanbr. afakع l-muwdḍạf: mas trit a taznt tibratin? Judy: riā ad aznā yat adiyaع s mirikan d yat rikomandi s da g l-mārib. l-muwdḍạf: waxxa a lalla, āurm drhm. Paul: nkkin riā ad aznā l-kuliya s mirikan. l-muwdḍạf: awid ad sksuā may digs? Paul: haā ak a sidi. l-muwdḍạf: mmrع afakع tawriqtdx. l-muwdḍạf: is a t taznt adiع nād ikspres? گ البوسطة. دجودي : ريغ يان التنبر عفاك. الموضف : ماس تريت ا تازنت تبراتين ريغ ا د ا زنغ يات عادية س مريكان د يات ركوموندي س دا گ المغرب. دجودي : الموضف : و خا ا للا. غورم 22,50 درهم. ن كين ريغ ا د ا زنغ الكولية س مريكان. پول : الموضف : ا ويد ا د سكسوغ ماي دي س گ پول : هغاك ا سيدي. الموضف : عمر عفاك توريقت دخ. الموضف : ا س ا تازنت عادي ماد إڪسپر س ي پول : غاس عادي عفاك. afakع adiع Paul: āas

146 141 Tamazight l-muwdḍạf: šukran, bslama. Paul: lla yعawn. شكرا بالسلامة. الموضف : االله يعاون. پول :

147 142 Peace Corps/Morocco PRACTICE Exercise 1: read the dialogue above and answer the questions.. 1 ماي تسكر جودي گ البوسطة l-bostạ? 1. mayd tskar Judy g. 2 ا س ترا ا تازن تبرات إڪسپريس ikspres? 2. is tra a tazn tabrat. 3 مايد ا را پول ا د يازن yazn? 3. mayd ira Paul ad. 4 مايد ا خص ان پول ا د ا سكر iskr? 4. mayd ixsṣạn Paul ad Exercise 2: make as many sentences as you can using the following words. You may need to add some of your own words. تد ا tdd المانضة lmandạ سغ sā رانت rant الكولية l-kulia سكسو sksu ران ran د ات ddat ddant ndda د انت s l- bosṭạ س البوس طة ند ا م ريكان srrf mirikan ترا ašku tra ا مز amz نرا nra ا شكو ا ر ا ira ا د ا idda bwat ppusṭạl بواط پ وسطا تنابر tnabr ران ran د و ddu ل

148 143 Tamazight AT THE HOTEL Objective: by the end of this chapter, you will be able to: Look for and use hotal accommodation. Use conditional sentences to express possible and impossible conditions. HOTEL ACCOMODATION. Hotels are classified into categories from 0 (non-classified) to 5-star hotels. There is a reduction of 25% on the second day for Moroccans and foreign residents in Morocco, but only in classified hotels. Vocabulary and expressions. لوطيل The hotel lotịl لارسيپسيون The reception desk larisipsyun البيت / ال شمبر Room l-bit/ š-šambr Is there a cheap hotel around here? Where is a nice hotel? Pleace take me to a hotel (to taxi driver) A room for one person (a single) is illa kan lotịl irxsṇ da? mag illa kan lotịl ihyyan da? awyi s kan lotịl. afakع l-bit n yan ا س ا لا كان لوطيل ا رخصن دا م گا ا لا كان لوطيل ا هي ان دا ا ويي س كان لوطيل عفاك. البيت ن يان. البيت ن سين مد ن. mddn. A room for two people l-bit n sin Do you have a room available? Is there a room with a hot shower? is tlla kan l-bit ixwan? is tlla kan l-bit s waman irāan g d-duš? ا س تلا كان البيت ا خوان ا س تلا كان البيت س ومان ا رغان گ الد وش م تا ليطاج litạj? Which floor? matta Is breakfast included? id l-fdụr ittuhasab d l-bit? ا د الفضور ا توحاسب د البيت ا د قيمغ سين يضان. yidḍạn. I ll stay two nights. ad qqimā sin سنكري گ... عفاك. afakع... g Wake me up at... please snkr i

149 144 Peace Corps/Morocco Dialogue: Jack d Amanda g l-otil Jack d Amanda: دجاك د ا مندا گ لوطيل دجاك د : السلام عليكم. alaykumع s-salamu بولوطيل : و عليكم الس لام s-salam. laykumع bu lotịl: wa ا مندا دجاك : ا س تلا كان البيت l-bit? Jack: is tlla kan bu lotịl: mujud, tlla l-bit n yan, d tlla l-bit n sin. Jack: nra yat l-bit n yan. bu lotịl: mrhba. Jack: mšta i ggid? موجود تلا البيت ن يان د تلا البيت ن سين. بولوطيل : دجاك : نرا يات البيت ن يان. بولوطيل : مرحبا. دجاك : مشتا ا گيض بولوطيل : 140 درهم. drhm. bu lotịl: 140 ا مندا : ا س لان ومان ا حمان ihman? Amanda: is llan waman bu lotịl: ay a lalla. Amanda: waxxa k aā yat l-bit. bu lotịl: mratع tawriqtdx, afaknع uruyat ismnun, ladrisa, d r-raqm n l-pasppor. بولوطيل : اي ا للا ا مندا : و خا كا غ يات البيت. عم ر تاوريقت دخ عفاك ا رويات ا سم نون لادريسة د الرقم ن لپاصپور. بولوطيل : دجاك : هغاك ak. Jack: haā bu lotịl: šukran, han tasarut n l-bit 156 g litạj amzwaru. شكرا هان تساروت ن البيت 156 گ ليطاج ا مزوارو. بولوطيل :

150 145 Tamazight THE CONDITIONAL GRAMMATICAL POINTS In Tamazight we use two expressions to refer to the conditions. 1. am + is conditional form meaning if + then While amr + is implies that the stated condition cannot or has not been met. amr tzzrit lmtihan is tnjht. for example, translates as If (it was that) you had passed the exam, you would have succeeded. 2. amr + is can be used in the past or present, and can mean if it was/were that or if it is that. Present tense usage: amr + present tense verb, is +future tense verb. Example : If you study every day, you will learn Tamazight. Past tense usage: amr da tqrat kuyas, is a tعllmt tamaziāt ا مر دا تقرات كو ا تع لمت تمزيغت. ياس ا س amr + past tense verb, is + past tense verb Examples: If (it were that) you studied hard, you would have learned Tamazight. amr tārit mzyan, is tعllmt tamaziāt. ا مر تغريت مزيان تمزيغت ا س تع لمت NEGATION. In negating the conditional, the is is dropped. Example: If it were not that he was sleeping, he wouldn t have had the accident. amr ur igin, ur inni ad ig laksidạ. ا مر ا ور ا گين ا ور ا ني ا دي گ لاكسيضة. If he hadn t been sleeping, he wouldn t have had the accident. ا مر ا ور تغريت ا ور ت نيت If it wasn t that you had amr ur tārit, ur tnit a

151 146 Peace Corps/Morocco studied, you would not have succeeded tnjht. ا تنجحت. If you hadn t studied, you wouldn t have succeeded. Negative conditionals with a noun To use a noun with a negative conditional, use the following form: Examples: amr + urid + pronoun/noun, is If it were not for the doctor, the child would ve died. If it were not for her, they would ve slept outside. If it were not for the neighbors, Lissa s house would have been broken into. amr urid i wdḅib, is imut urba. amr urid i ntat, is nsan brra. amr urid i wadjarn, is ttuyakr Lissa. ا مر ا وريد ا وضبيب ا س ا م وت ا ربا. ا مر ا وريد ا ن تات ا س نسان بر ا. ا مر ا ريد ا ودجارن ا س توياكر ليس ا. mk/mš CONDITIONAL. mk or mš, translated as if, is the conditional form in which the condition can/may be met. Examples: If you build it, he will come. If you break it, you will buy it. mk t tbnit, ad iddu mk t trzit, a t tsāt تبنيت مك ا ديد و. مك ترزيت ا تسغت. To negate this conditional form, simply add ur after the mk/mš Examples: If you don t want it, leave it. mk ur t trit, adj t. مك ا ور تريت ا دجت.

152 147 Tamazight DESCRIBING THE PEACE CORPS MISSION Objective: by the end of this chapter, you will be able to: PEACE CORPS. hay'at s-salam Talk about the three goals of peace corps. Describe your job in Morocco. هيي ة الس لام hay'at s-salam tga yat l-mundḍạma tamarakanit. da ttazn l-mutatẉiعin s timzar. d l'ahdafns gan: 1. amعawan g l-majal t-tiqni. 2. imirikani ad fhmn bzzaf mddn nna āur zdān d afad ad sawln āifsn adday mirkian. aydnع s 3. mddn nna āur zdān imirikanin awd nitni ad isin xf mirikan d imirikanin. گ ن:ا هيي ة الس لام تگا يات المنضمة تمريكانيت. دا تازن المتطو عين س تميزار. د الا هداف نس ا معاوان گ المجال ال تقني. 2) ا مريكانين ا د فهمن بز اف مد ن نا غور زدغن (1 د ا فاد ا د ساولن غيفسن ا د اي عايدن س مريكان. 3) مد ن نا غور زدغن ا مريكانين ا ود نيتني ا د ا سين خف مريكان د ا مريكانين. Vocabulary: Organization l-mundḍạma ا منضمE Developing nations d-duwal nvnamiya ا دو ل ا ن اميE Goals lahdaf Tداف Technical help ttiqni t-taعawun ا + عاون ا + U ن * People š-šuعub ا Nع$ب The three goals of Peace Corps. 1. To help people of interested counties and areas in meeting their needs for trained men and women ; 2. To help promote a better understanding of the American people on the part of the peoples served; 3. To help promote a better understanding of other peoples on the part of the American people.

153 و ا 148 Peace Corps/Morocco ENVIRONMENT SECTOR isminu Judy nkkin da xddmā d brnamaj n l-bi a d hay at s-salam. l-xdmtinu ad sksuā mamk da tmعamaln mddn d t -tạbiعa. da tiniā i mddn d t-turist nna itzurn l-park adur ggarn l-krfi g adāar nna ufan. d ad-hafdṇ xf l-bi'a sg t-talwwut. d adur bbin iskla. d ad Hafdṇ xf l-āabt. riā ad afā kan l-hll yadṇin afad adur sāusn bzzaf n ikšudn. nkni da ntgga bzzaf n عl-mašari d l-jmعiyat g l-majal n l-muhafadạ xf l-bi a d t-tnmiya. ا سمنو دجودي ن كين دخدمغ د برنامج ن البيي ة د هيي ة الس لام. لخدمتنو ا د سكسوغ مامك دا تمعاملن مد ن د ال طبيعة. دا تينيغ ا مد ن د ال توريست نا ا تزورن الپارك ا دور گ را گ ا دغار نا سگ ن الكرفي فان. د ا د حافضن خف البيي ة ال تلو ت. د ا دور ب ين ا سكلا. د ا د حافضن خف الغابت. ريغ ا د ا فغ كان الحل ياضنين ا فاد ا دورسغوسن بز اف ن ا ك شوضن. نكني دا نتگا بز اف ن المشاريع د الجمعي ات گ المجال ن المحافضة خف البيي ة د التنمية. Vocabulary: Environment l-bi'a البيي ة Program l-brnamaj Forest ا بر#امج l-āabt ا >ا 9 ت To deal with إآN $ Firewood ikššudṇ ( _ معام \ د mعamal d Nature t -tạbiعa Domain ا W بيعE l-majal ا مجال Trash z-zbl/l-krfi ا 95 \ / ا ۷ ر 3 * in general xf lعumum XG ا عم$م To protect Hafd xf XG { Zا 3 To cut bbi * 9 Pollution t-talwwut + Ǒ $ ت ا To consume sthlk ' ǑT+% Trees iskla إس ۷ ҟ

154 149 Tamazight HEALTH SECTOR Dialogue: سمية : الس لام عليكم. alaykumع Sumiya: s-salamu كريستين : و عليكم الس لام s-salam. waعalaykum Christin: Sumiya: anayā km g s-sbitar, is tgit tafrmlit? Christin: uhu, ur giā tafrmlit wala tadḅibt. Sumiya: mayd igan lxdmtnm? Christin: da sawalā i mddn xf s -sạhtnsn d s -sạht n tarwansn. Sumiya: is da asn tikkit d-dwa? Christin: ur da asn ikkiā d-dwa, d ur da tggaā tismi. da asn tiniā may tn ixsṣạn ad skrn afad adur mrdṇ la nitni wala tarwansn. d da asn sawalā xf d-dwa n wanu, bit l-ma d tarda n ifasn, d d-dwa n udis. Sumiya: mzyan. aya iga muhim. i tasmuntnm may tskar? Christin: da asn tini ad jlbn i iširransn afad adur mrdṇ. d da asn tsfham mayd tggan afad adur arun bzzaf. d da tnsạh tiwtmin ittarwn ad ddunt s s-sbitạr. Sumiya: aya iga muhim. tbarklla āifknt. Christin: llah ybark fik ا نايغ كم گ السبيطار ا س تگيت تفرمليت سمية : كريستين : ا هو ا ور گيغ تفرمليت ولا تضبيبت. سمية : مايد ا گان لخدمت نم دا سوالغ ا مد ن خف الصاحت نسن د الصاحت ن تروانسن. ا س دا سن ت كيت الدوا ا وردا سن ا كيغ الدوا د ا ور دا تگاغ تسمي. دا سن تينيغ مايتن ا خص ان ا د سكرن ا فاد ا دور مرضن لا نتني ولا تروانسن. د دا سن ساوالغ خف د الدوا ن وانو ا فاسن د الدوا ن ا ديس. بيت الما د تردا ن مزيان ا يا ا گا مهم. ا تسمونت نم ماي تسكار دا سن تيني ا د جلبن ا ا شر انسن ا دور مرضن. د ا فاد دا سن تسفهام مايد تگان ا فاد ا دور ا رون بز اف. د دا تنصاح توتمين ا تارون ا د د ونت س السبيطار. كريستين : سمية : كريستين : سمية : كريستين : سمية : ا يا ا گا مهم تبارك االله غيفكنت. كريستين : االله يبارك فيك.

155 150 Peace Corps/Morocco Vocabulary: الص احت health s -sạht Health clinic s-sbitạr السبيطار The importance اللا همية la'hmiya ا نو Well anu ا فرملي Nurse afrmli Doctor (masc.) Doctor (fem.) ا ديس Diarrhea adis ا ضبيب adḅib جلب / شرض To imunize jlb/šrd تضبيبت tadḅibt To be sick mrd مرض To give birth Medicines d-dwa / idiwan aru ا رو To be دوا / ا ديوان pregnant aru ا رو تسمي Injection tismi

156 151 Tamazight SMALL BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT Dialogue: كريس : الس لام عليكم. alaykumع Chris: s-salamu المعلم : و عليكم الس لام s-salam. waعalaykum l-mعllm: Chris: عmutatẉi isminu Chris. nkkin d/g hay'at s-salam d ddiād afad ad awnāع l-muqawalat timzzanin. l-mعllm: manimk tggat ad as tعawnt? Chris: l-mعllm: g bzzaf n l-hwayj am g l-hisabat, l'išhar d t-tswiq. matalan, da nskar lakart vizit i l-muqawala d da as nikki yan ism. d da ntšhar l-mntujns g linternet. tbarkllah, walayni mas tra a tstafd l-muqawalatx? Chris: a tstafd ašku a tznz s-slعtns g l-mārib d awd g l-xarij. ا سمينو كريس. نكين متطو ع د /گ هيي ة الس لام د د يغد ا فاد ا د عاونغ المقاولات تيمز انين. كريس : المعلم : ماني مك تگات ا د ا سن تعاونت گ بز اف ن الحوايج ا م دا گ الحسابات ليشهار د التسويق. متلا نسكار لاكارت ڤيزيت ا المقاولة د داس ن كي يان ا سم. د دان تشهار المنتوج نسن گ لانترنت. تبارك االله ولاي ني ماس ترا ا المقاولاتخ ا تستافد تستافد ا شكو ا تزنز الس لعت نسن گ المغرب د ا ود گ الخارج. كريس : المعلم : كريس : المعلم : مزيان االله يعاون. yعawn. l-mعllm: mzyan. lla كريس : االله يعاون. شكرا ا سيدي. sidi.. awnع šukran a Chris: llay Vocabulary: Small Business Development Tanmiya n lmuqawalat timzzanin Advertisement lišhar يTNار Business card تنمية ن المقاولات تيمز انين Enterprise/firm l-muqawala Products ا مUاوDت l-mntuj ا من+$ج Accountancy l-hisabat s-slعt Merchandise ا ẇا 9 ات ا Ǒ ẇعت لاآارت ڤي 5 يت Marketing t-tswiq ا + س$ي^ To advertise the product lakart vizit šhr s l-mntuj ] T ر س ا من+$ج

157 152 Peace Corps/Morocco RENTING A HOUSE Objective: by the end of this chapter, you will be able to: Speak about renting aand fournishing houses. FINDING A HOUSE تد ارت House taddart ا دروج Stairs d-druj 9 يت ا ما Bathroom bit l-ma أدQار Neighbor adjar ا ۷ $زينE Kitchen l-kuzina ا بي$ت Rooms l-byut تي; Ǒ $ت / ا باب Door tiflut/l-bab Neighbors adjarn أدQارن Expressions: I m looking for a house to rent. da tinigā xf yat taddart n l-kri. دا تينگغ خف يات تد ارت ن الكري. سنعتيت عفاك / صح ا. sạhha. / afakع snعt-i-t Show it to me please. Where is it located? mag tlla? matta wdāar g tlla? ماگ ت لا م تا ودغار گ ت لا ا د و خا ا تسكسوغ sksuā? Can I see it? id waxxa ad t How many rooms does it have? Is there a bathroom in it? mšta n l-byut ayd digs? is digs bit l-ma? مشتا ن البيوت ايد ديگس ا س دي سگ بيت الما Dialogue: Mark: s-salamu. alaykumع l-haj: wa alaykumع s-salam. Mark: is tlla kan taddart i l-kri? مارك : ا ẇ ҟم عǑيΚ۷. ا اج : و عǑيΚ۷ ا ẇ ҟم. مارك : إس ت ҟ آان تد ارت إ ا ۷ ري

158 153 Tamazight l-haj: is trit kan taddart ixatrn mid imzziyn? Mark: riā taddart tanamast. ad digs tilli yat l-bit ihlan, l-kuzina d bit l-ma. l-haj: waxxa! ا اج : إس تريت آان تد ارت إGاترن ماد إم 5 ي ) ري 1 تد ارت تنم است. أ دي سگ تيǑ * يات ا بيت إZ ҟن ا ۷ $زينE د 9 يت ا ما. مارك : ا اج : وG ا. Later mn bعd Mark: s-salamu. alaykumع butaddart: wa alaykumع s-salam. Mark: riā ad inniyā taddartnk. afakع butaddart: mrhba. Mark: sạhha. šhal t-taman. مارك : ا ẇ ҟم عǑيΚ۷. 9 $تد ارت : و عǑيΚ۷ ا ẇ ҟم. مارك : ري 1 أد ين ي 1 تد ارت# ' ع;اك. 9 $تد ارت : مرZبا. مارك : صح ا. [ ال ا + م ). 9 $تد ارت : 750 در هΚ butaddart: 750 drhm.. Mark: naqs šwiy. ad ak xlls ā āas 500 drhm. butaddart: mrhba. Kan l-bas ur illi. Mark: llah yrhm l-waldin. HOUSE FURNITURE. #ا" ` ]$ي ا. أد اك 1Y ǑG =اس 500 در هΚ. مارك : 9 $تد ارت : مرZبا. آان ا باس أور إ *. مارك : االله يرΚZ ا $ا دي ). Table t -tạbla الط بلة Radio/tape recorder المسج لة l-musjjala الت لفزة Television t-tlfaza الكرسي Chair l-kursi Bed n-namusiya الن اموسي ة Electric outlet Pillow lusada/ tattayt Floor mat tahsịrt تحصيرت Electric cord l-priz الپريز لبولا Light bulb l-bola لوسادا / تت ايت الخيط ن l-xit n usid أوسيد Rug tazrbit Candle/s تزربيت عtašmat/š-šm تشمعت / الش مع تشط ابت Broom taštạbt الكا ش ا Blanket l-kašša تجف افت Squeegee tajffaft الخا مي ة Curtain l-xamiya

159 154 Peace Corps/Morocco Sheet lizar ليزار Water heater š-šufu الش وفو Moroccan sofa l-ponj الش وفاج Heater š-šofaj لپونج KITCHENWARE تغنجاوت Spoon taānjawt التلا جة Refrigerator t-tllaja الموس Knife l-mus أفر ان Oven afrran الفرشيطة Fork l-fršitạ الطح انة Blender t -tḥhana الكاس Glass l-kas الگاميلة Saucepan l-gamila أبر اد Teapot abrrad الط اوا Cooking pot t -tạwa البريق Coffee pot l-briq الط بسيل Plate t -tḅsil الص نيت Tray s -sịnit المجم ر Brazier l-mjmr Grill š-šuwaya الشو اية Bowl tazlaft/ tahwart تزلافت/تحوارت الغلا ي Kettle lāllay الصف اية Strainer s ffaya Pressure cooker أغر اف Pitcher aārraf الكوآوط l-kokot Sifter busịyyar بوصي ار Couscouse pot l-brma البرما أغنجا Ladle aānja المقلة Frying pan l-mqla الر وبيني Faucet r-robini

160 155 Tamazight PRACTICE Exercise 1: puut the household items in the correct room. butạgaz/ l-butạ l-kursi بوطاگ ز/ا الكرسي البوطة l-kuzina الكوزينة ال نموسي ة n-namusiya t -tạbla s -sạbun ال طاوة الطبلة الص ابون تغنجاوت taānjawt t -tạwa t -tạwa l-bit ال طاوة l-ktab البيت الكتاب aman ا مان asid ا سيد t -tḅsil الطبسيل lusada/attag لوسدة /ا تاگ bit l-ma tasfayt بيت الما تس فايت r-robini ر وبيني Exercise 2: describe how you want to set up your house during your stay in Morocco, and then list the items you will need in your house.

161 156 Peace Corps/Morocco SAFETY AND SECURITY Objective: by the end of this chapter, you will be able to: List some safety and security problems you might encounter in your service. Describe some strategies for dealing with these issues. Use Tamazight to implement these strategies. HARASSMENT Vocabulary: Gazelle* tamlalt/ l-āzala = 5 ا E تم ҟ ت/ To follow someone t fur f ;$ر The beautiful* tihli * تحǑ To get in someone's way عر ض rrd ع The beauty* z-zin ا 5 ي ( *These words are often used by men to harass women. ال تحر ش الجنسي Sexual harrassment t-tahruš l-jinsi ا طفاري i. He followed me. it far ماي تريت trit? What do you want? may د و ا بردا نك ibrdannk. Go away. ddu بعدي / عرقي i. rqع i/ bعd Get away (far) from me. رزمي i. Let go of me. rzm ا دور ا تحادات thadat. Don't touch me. adur i Don't follow me again. ad usar tعawat ad i tt furt ا د ا وسارتعاوات ا د ا تفورت. كي س ال تيساع..عtisa Give me some space. Ki s t د و نغد ا تندمت. at-ndmt. Go or you will regret it. ddu nād ا د علمغ ا البوليس. l-bulis. lmāع I will tell the police. ad ا د غرغ ا جدرمي ة. jadarmiya. I will call the gendarms. ad ārā i

162 157 Tamazight حتارم ا خف نك. ixfnk. Respect yourself. Htarm He doesn't want to get (far) away from me. I told you, get (far) away from me. ur iri ad i bعd. niā ak. rqiع ا ور ا ري ا د ا بعد. نيغاك عرقي. نيغاك د و ا بردا نك. ibrdannk. I told you: go away. niā ak ddu Text: idā Cathy tffā sg dar chabab illa yan bu t -tọmobil ibdda taman ubrid. idā tgulan Cathy tama ns innay as "ali azzin a km nsguliā" Cathy tnnay as" ddu ibrdannk, is trit kan yan ad it fur utmak?" tqqim Cathy tt far abridns. d iqqima bu t -tọmobil it far t. tbbi abrid s aziy yadṇin. d tkna ixfns d tmun d ubridns. diā g as wissin ijra mayd ijran g as amzwaru. walayni g was wiskrad tna Cathy i bu t -tọmobil: "mk tعawt ad i tt furt hat ad lmāع i l-bulis. walayni iعawd it far t. ukan tdda s l-bulis d tعlm asn. d tka asn n-nimiru n t -tọmobil. l-bulis umzn bu tọmobil d āran i Cathy. bu t -tọmobil ittr l-musamaha sg Cathy. d iggulla afad usar inni a t it fur tiklt yadṇin. دار ال شباب. سگ ت فغ كاتي ل گي ا لا يان بو ال طوموبيل ا بد ا تمان ا بريد. ا دغ تگولان كاتي تمانس ا نا ياس : "ا لي ا ز ين ا كم نسگوليغ". كاتي ت ناياس : "د و ا بردانك ا س تريت كان يان ا د يتفور ا تماك تقيم كاتي تتفارا بريد نس. د ا قيم بو الطموبيل ا تفارت. تب ي ا بريدس ا زي ياضنين. د تحنا ا خفنس د تمون د ا بريد نس. ديغ گ ا س ويس ين ا جرى مايد ا جران گ ا س ا مزوارو. تعاوت ا دي تفورت هات ا د علمغ ا البوليس". ولي ني گ واس ويسكراض ت نا كاتي ا بوطموبيل: "مك ولي ني ا عاود ا تفارت. ا وكان تد ا س البوليس د تعلماسن. د تكاسن ال نيميرو ن الطموبيل. البوليس ا مزن بو الطموبيل د غران ا كاتي. بو الطموبيل Questions: ا تر المسامحة سگ كاتي. د إگولا ا فاد ا وسار ا ني ا تتفورتيكلت ياضنين.. 1 ماني كاتي / م گا تلا كاتي Cathy? 1. mani Cathy/mag tlla. 2 م گا ا لا بوال طموبيل t -tọmobil? 2. mag illa bu. 3 مايد ا نا بوالطموبيل ا كاتي Cathy? 3. mayd ina bu t -tọmobil i 4. is tmman Cathy d bu t -tọmobil? is tni Cathy t -tọmobil? 4. ا س تمان كاتي د بو الط ومبيل ا س تني كاتي ال طموبيل

163 158 Peace Corps/Morocco 5. may tskr Cathy idā t-it far bu t -tọmobil? 6. mayd iskr bu t -tọmobil idā t umzn l-bulis? English translation: مايد تسكر كاتي ا دغ تتفور بو ال طموبيل مايد ا سكر بوال طموبيل ا دغ تومزن البوليس.5.6 Cathy coming out of the youth center When Cathy was coming out of the youth center, there was a man in his car by the side of the road. As she passed by him, he told her: Get in gazelle, I will take you home. Cathy said: Go away. Is it okay with you if someone harasses your sister? Cathy kept walking and the man was following her with his car. She crossed the road, ignoring him, and continued on her way. The next day, the same thing happened with that man. The following day Cathy told the man: If you follow me again I will tell the police. In fact, he did follow her again and so she went to the police station. She told them what happened and gave them the license plate number. The police arrested the man and called Cathy. The man apologized to Cathy and promised not to get in her way again. AT THE TAXI STAND Vocabulary: تج اجت Windsheild tajjajt البلاصت Seat l-blasṭ ترزا Cracked trza الرويدة Tire r-rwida Smooth ttumha تومحا To be afraid Expressions: ggd جرو To happen jru حري س تاويل عفاك.. afakع Drive slowly please Hri stawil گد Better safe than sorry llahmma slama wala ndama. اللهم الس لامة ولا الندامة.

164 159 Tamazight Dialogue: g l-mahtṭạ n tạksiyat. گ المحطة ن الطاكسيات l-kurti: yat l-blast s Aqqa. Max: nkkin riā ad dduā s Aqqa. l-kurti: ali. Max: stawil, adji ad sksuā t -tạksi bعda. ur riā ad dduā g t -tạksitx. l-kurti: max? Max: r-rwad ttumsahnt d tajjajt n dat trza. l-kurti: āas zayd. adur tggt. ur inni ad ijru awdhah. Max: sksu i yat t -tạxi yadṇin ihyyan. afakع l-kurti: ixsṣạ k a tqqlt imih. Max: thnna luqt. llahmma slama wala ndama. الكورتي : يات البلاصت س ا قا. ماكس : ن كين ريغ ا د دوغ س ا قا. س تاويل ا دجي ا د سكسوغ ال طاكسي بعدا. اور ريغ ا د د وغ گ ال طاكسيتخ. الكورتي : ا لي. ماخ الروايد تومساحنت د تج اجت ن دات ترزا. غاس زايد. ا دور تگت ا ور ا ني ا د ا جرو ا ودحاح. سكسوي يات ال طاكسي ياضنين ا هي ان عفاك. ماكس : الكورتي : ماكس : الكورتي : ماكس : الكورتي : ا خصاك ا تقلت ا ميح. ماكس : ته نا لوقت ا للهم الس لامة ولا الندامة. Questions:. 1 م گا ا لا ماكس Max? 1. mag illa. 2 ماس ا را ا د يد و ماكس Max? 2. mas ira ad iddu 3. max allig ur iddi g t -tạksi nna yannay zwar? ا ور ا د ي 3. ماخ ا ل گي گ ال طاكسي نا ي ناي زوار. 4 مايد ا ن ا ا الكورتي گ تيرا tiyra? 4. mayd ina i l-kurti g English translation: At the taxi stand. l-kurti: A seat to Aqqa, a seat to Aqqa. Max: I am going to Aqqa.

165 160 Peace Corps/Morocco l-kurti: Get in. Max: Wait. Let me see the taxi first.... I don t want to go in this taxi. l-kurti: Why? Max: The tires are smooth and the windshield is cracked. l-kurti: Come on, don t worry. Nothing is going to happen. Max: Find me a good taxi. l-kurti: You have to wait a little bit. Max: Time is not a problem. Better safe than sorry. AT WORK Vocabulary: To bring skjm ΚF۷% To lock (to something) To take out " ( د qqn d ا U ; sufā 13$ % A lock l-qfl \ To steal akr أآر To be stolen Dialoge: ت$يا آر ttuyakr g l-xdmt. گ الخدمت. lomolog: Patrick: lomolog: Patrick: lomolog: Patrick: lomolog: s-salamu, alaykumع tddid zik assa. waعalaykum s-salam. iwa šwiy. matta wya? max allig tskjmt l-bišklitnk s l-biru. ah, adi ttuyakr mk t udjiā brra. walayni adāartx urid win l-bišklit. ay, walayni ur ssinā mayd skarā? g l-qfl i l-bišklit, d qqn t d tiflut n brra. لومولوگ : الس لام عليكم تد يد زيك ا س ا. باتريك : وعليكم الس لام ا وا شوية. م تا ويا ماخ ا ل گي البيشكليت س البيرو تسكجمت لومولوگ : باتريك : ا ه ا دي توياكر مك ت ا دجيخ بر ا. ولي ني ا دغار تخ ا وريد وين البيشكليت. لومولوگ : باتريك : ا ييه ولي ني ا ورس ينغ مايد سكارغ گ القفل ا البشكليت د قنت د تفيلوت ن بر ا. لومولوگ : Patrick: tbarkllah. likع ur digs xmmimā. تبارك االله عليك ا ور ديگس خميمغ.

166 161 Tamazight لومولوگ : ا س غورك القفل l-qfl? lomolog: is āurk Patrick: ayih āuri. an ffā dāi d a tn qqnā d tiflut. اييه غوري. د تيفلوت. ا ن فغ دغي د ا تن قنغ باتريك : لومولوگ : قن ا فاد ا تافت ماي ترز مت. trzzmt. lomolog: qqn afad a taft may Questions: 1. max allig Patrick iskjm l-bišklit s l-biru? 1) ماخ ا ل گي پاتريك ا سكجم البشكليت س البيرو 2. mayd ina lomolog i Patrick? ( 2 مايد ا نا لومولوگ ا پاتريك ( 3 مايد ا سكر پاتريك گ تييرا tiyira? 3. mayd iskr Patrick g Translation: At work: counterpart: Peace be upon you. You came in early today. Patrick: Peace be upon you too. A little bit. counterpart: What s this? Why did you bring your bicycle into the office? Patrick: Oh. It will be stolen if I leave it outside. counterpart: But this is not the place for bicycles. Patrick: Yes, but what should I do? counterpart: Use a lock with the bicycle, and lock it to the gate. Patrick: Good idea. I didn t think about that. counterpart: Do you have a lock? Patrick: Yes, I have one. I ll take it outside now and lock it to the gate. counterpart: Lock now so that you will find later.

167 162 Peace Corps/Morocco FORGETTTING A WALLET IN THE TAXI/ FILLING A REPORT. Vocabulary: Police l-bulis ا ب$ يس To lose (something) Police station ت $ To forget ttu ا ۷ وميẇاريE l-kumisariya Wallet l-bztạm ا ب f5 ام To save (someone) Expressions: zl زل ع+^ tqع Help me (with something) عاوني awniع زليغ الپاسبور ا نو. l-passporinu. I lost my passport. zliā توغ البزطام ا نو گ... g... I forgot my wallet in... ttuā l-bztạminu Where is the police station? mani l-kumisariya? ماني الكوميسارية عتقات الر وح tqatع r-ruh soul) Help! (save the Dialogue: براين : الس لام عليكم. alaykumع Brian: s-salamu البوليس : و عليكم الس لام s-salam. waعalaykum l-bulis: Brian: samhi, ttuā l-bztạminu g yat t -tạksi. سامحي توغ البزطام ا نو گ يات ال طاكسي. براين : البوليس : وخا مسمنك mismnk? l-bulis: waxxa Brian: isminu Brian. براين : ا سمينو برايان. l-bulis: mayd illan g l-bztạm? Brian: digs l-passpor d yat lakart vizit d 500DH. د مايد ا لان گ البزطام ديگس الپاسبور د يات لكارط ڤزيت 500 درهم. البوليس : براين : البوليس : ا س تع قلت ا النمرا ن ال طاكسي t -tạksi. tعqqalt i n-nmra n l-bulis: is براين : 115 Brian: 115 البوليس : و خا ا دجي الرقم ن ال تيليفون نك هات l-bulis: waxxa adj i r-rqm n

168 t-tilifunnk hat ad dik sqqsaā mn bعd. ا د ديك سقساغ من بعد. 163 Tamazight براين : شكر ا Brian: šukran Questions:. 1 ماس ا د ا برايان Brian? 1. mas idda. 2 ا ساس ا توياكر البزطام l-bztạm? 2. is as ittuyakr Translation: Brian: Peace be upon you. Police: Peace be upon you too. Brian: Excuse me, I forgot my wallet in a taxi. Police: Okay, what s your name? Brian: My name is Brian... Police: What was in the wallet? Brian: My passport, a Visa card, and 500 dirham. Police: Do you remember the taxi s number? Brian: 115. Police: Okay, leave me your phone number, we ll call you later. Brian: Thanks. BUTAGAZ Vocabulary: Butagaz tank البوطة l-butạ metal regulator between gas tank and hose الماگنة l-magana جرب To test jrrb الگاز Gas l-gaz CO 2 detector قن To close qqn الد يتكتور d-ditiktur

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