Parents: Abdullah son of Abdul Muttalib and Aamina daughter of Wahab.

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1 LESSON : THE BIRTH OF THE HOLY PROPHET (S) Birth: After sunrise on Friday the 17th of Rabiul Awwal 570 A.D. in Makka. He was born in the Year of the Elephant, when Abraha tried to destroy the Holy Ka ba. Parents: Abdullah son of Abdul Muttalib and Aamina daughter of Wahab. Abdullah died two months before The Holy Prophet (S) was born and he is buried in Madina. Family Name: The respected family of Bani Hashim from the tribe of Quraish. Abdul Muttalib decided to bring up the Holy Prophet (S) under his own care. On the seventh day of the birth of his grandson, he slaughtered a sheep to show his gratitude to Allah for blessing him with a healthy grandson. Many people were invited to take part in the celebrations. In this gathering, Abdul Muttalib announced to the people that he would name the child "Muhammad", which means "One who is worthy of praise". When the Quraish asked him why he was keeping such an unusual name, he replied that he wanted his grandson to be praised in the heavens and on the earth. Arabic Box Learn to write the word Muhammad in Arabic. Before this event, the Holy Prophet's (S) mother had already named him "Ahmad". Allah has referred to him by both names in the Holy Qur'an. Arabic Box Learn to write the word Ahmad in Arabic. Tareekh Page

2 The Holy Prophet (S) was breastfed by his own mother Aamina for three days only. As was the custom in those days, he was then given to a foster-mother to nurse. Two women had this honour. They were: 1. Suwaybah. 2. Halimah. RESEARCH BOX Our Holy Prophet (S) has been called Ahmad in Surah as-saff (Surah 61, verse 6) and Muhammad in Surah al-ahzab (Surah 33, verse 40). Find both verses and write the translation below. Extension Exercise Abdul Muttalib called his grandson Muhammad because he wanted him to be praised in the heavens and the earth which is also mentioned verse 56 of Suratul Ahzab. Write down the translation below. Tareekh Page

3 Now you know * Unity week from 12th to 17th Rabiul Awwal The Holy Prophet (S) was born on Friday 17 th Rabiul Awwal 570 AD in Makka. The year in which he was born is called Aamul Feel The Year of the Elephant. His father was Abdullah son of Abdul Muttalib and his mother was Aamina daughter of Wahab. Abdul Muttalib named the Holy Prophet (S) Muhammad which means One who is worthy of praise. However, his mother had already named him Ahmad. Allah has referred to him by both names in the Holy Qur an. The Holy Prophet (S) was breastfed by his mother Aamina for only three days. As was the custom, he was given to a foster-mother to nurse. He had two foster-mothers: 1) Suwaybah 2) Halimah Tareekh Page

4 LESSON : THE CHILDHOOD OF THE HOLY PROPHET (S) Halimah The Holy Prophet (S) lived in the desert with Halimah for five years and she looked after him very well. During this time he learnt about handling animals and also trained in archery. In this happy atmosphere he grew up strong and healthy. Halimah regarded him as very special, because ever since he had come under her care, she was showered with the blessings of Allah and became rich. Lady Aamina When he was five years old, Halimah returned the Holy Prophet (S) to the care of his mother Lady Aamina. Lady Aamina decided to go to Madina to visit the grave of her husband, Abdullah, and also meet some of her relatives. She took the Holy Prophet (S) along with her and stayed for one month. On the way back to Makka, Lady Aamina fell ill at a place called Abwa. After a short time she died and was buried there. Abdul Muttalib The Holy Prophet (S) was now an orphan and Abdul Muttalib took him under his wing. The young boy was very dear to his grandfather Abdul Muttalib, because he reminded him of his son Abdullah. Abdul Muttalib made sure that the Holy Prophet (S) did not feel unwanted. Tareekh Page

5 Hazrth Abu Talib The Holy Prophet (S) was only eight years old when he lost his grandfather. Before his death, Abdul Muttalib made his son Abu Talib responsible for taking care of the young child. A normal person could never fulfill this responsibility. Hazrat Abu Talib(a.s.) undertook this responsibility of safeguarding the Prophet(S) He not only brought into service his honesty, affection and forbearance to fulfill the responsibility, but apart from these qualities he also put his precious life in danger. There were many reasons why Abdul Muttalib chose Abu Talib as the guardian of the Holy Prophet (S). Abu Talib and Abdullah were born of the same mother. He was also well known for his generous nature. He treated the Holy Prophet (S) better than his own sons, and never let him feel lonely. Holy Prophet s (S) aunt, Fatimah binte Asad, the wife of Abu Talib and mother of Imam Ali (A) looked after him as if he was her own son. He used to protect the Holy Prophet (S) to such an extent that wherever he would stay, he would keep Prophet (S) also, wherever he used to eat, he offered the same to Prophet (S), wherever he slept he made him (Prophet (S) also sleep there. Wherever he went, he took the Prophet (S) along The Holy Quran mentions this event as follows: In the Name of Allah,the Most Kind, the Most Merciful Did He not find you an orphan and give you shelter? (Suratu Dhuha, 93:6)

6 When the Holy Prophet (S) was twelve years old, Abu Talib took him on a trade journey. During the journey they stopped at Basra. There was an old Christian monk whose name was Bahira, who lived in an old monastery in Basra. The monk never used to speak but when he saw the Holy Prophet (S), he broke his silence and asked, "Who is this boy?" Abu Talib answered that he was his nephew. Bahira then said, "This boy has a brilliant future. He is the same Prophet whose coming has been foretold in the Heavenly Books. His religion will spread throughout the world. However, you must guard him from the Jews, because if they learn about him, they will kill him". Thereafter Abu Talib was always careful about the safety of his nephew Hazrat Abu Talib(a.s.) was the one who hosted the first dawah of Islam in his house Dawat Zul Asheera. All the Dawahs hosted by any muslim now a days are in fact Sunnat of Hazrat Abu Talib(a.s.). He was the one who arranged the marriage of Prophet Mohammad(S) with Hazrat Khadija(a.s.) and recited the Nikah.(marriage sermon).this is a historical proof that hazrth Abu Talib was a muslim because non muslim can not be recited the nikah of muslim. Aam-ul-Huzn Hazrat Khadija(a.s.) and Hazrat Abu Talib(a.s.) died in the same year and the Prophet Mohammad(sawaw) was so saddened by their demise that he declared the year as Aam-ul-Huzn - the year of mourning.

7 TOPIC 12: THE FIRST REVELATION The Holy Prophet (S) use to spend a lot of his time in the cave Hira, which is in a mountain overlooking the Holy Ka ba, some three miles north of Makka. Here he would think about Allah and wonder at His creations. He would also think about the actions of the people of Makka and their bad habits made him sad. It was his habit to sometimes spend a few days continuously in the cave in prayers, and his wife Bibi Khadija (A) would bring him some food and water. One night when he was in the cave of Hira, he heard a voice calling his name and suddenly there was a dazzling light in the cave. The Holy Prophet (S) sat at his place calmly and saw that a man was approaching him. The person was none other than Angel Jibraeel (A) in human form. Jibraeel (A) came very close to the Holy Prophet (S) and asked him to recite the words which were the first revelation from Allah. These later became the first five verses of Surah al-alaq. They read: In the Name of Allah the Beneficent, the Most Merciful. Read! In the Name of your Lord Who created (everything in the Universe). He created man from a clot. Read! And your Lord is the Most Honourable. (He) Who taught (to write) with the pen. (He) taught man what he knew not. Alaq, 96:1-5 When the Holy Prophet (S) had finished reciting, the angel announced, "O Muhammad! There is no doubt that you are the Apostle of Allah and I am His angel Jibraeel." After saying this, the angel disappeared. This event told the Holy Prophet (S) that it was now time to start his mission. At this time he was 40 years old. The date was 27th of Rajab, 610 A.D. Also at this time, Allah blessed the Holy Prophet (S) with such a memory that, whatever he heard only once from Jibraeel (A), remained in his heart forever. The Holy Prophet (S) then left the cave to return home, where he would begin his mission to preach the Unity of Allah and to invite all mankind to the path of worshipping only One God. Tareekh Page

8 TAREEKH CLASS 8 - LESSON 17 Name: Title: Kuniyat: Father: Mother: Birthdate: Martyrdom: Buried : LADY FATIMAH (A) - PART 1 Fatimah az-zahra (The Radiant) Ummul A immah Prophet Muhammad (S) Lady Khadijah (A) 20 th Jamadil Akhar, 7 years before Hijra in Makka 3 rd Jamadil Akhar 11 A.H. Madina, Saudi Arabia. Lady Fatimah (A) was the only daughter of Prophet Muhammad (S) and Lady Khadijah (A). When Lady Khadijah (A) was about to give birth, the women of Makka refused to assist her saying that she had betrayed them by supporting the Prophet (S). However, Allah granted Lady Fatimah (A) a very special birth. Lady Khadijah (A) received four midwives by the command of Allah and these were the four chosen ladies named: Lady Sarah the wife of Prophet Ibrahim (A), Lady Maryam the mother of Prophet Isa (A), Lady Asiyah the wife of Fir awn and Umme Kulthum the sister of Prophet Musa (A). It was only up to the age of five that Lady Fatimah (A) enjoyed the blessings and affection of her mother because when she was five years old, Lady Khadija (A) passed away. So from then on she was looked after by her father, Prophet Muhammad (S). Lady Fatimah (A) is known as Sayyidatu-n-nisa i l Alameen which means Leader of all the women of the world. She inherited the many qualities of her father including wisdom, will-power, piety, patience and knowledge. Her generosity and compassion for the poor was such that no beggar ever returned from her door without being attended to. Imam Husain (A) has said, I often witnessed my mother absorbed in prayer from dusk to dawn. The Prophet (S) has been reported to say, Fatimah is a piece of my heart. Whenever she came into his presence, the Prophet (S) would stand up in respect, not because she was his daughter, but because she possessed the highest qualities of piety and faith amongst all women. Although the Prophet (S) was a perfect example for men, it was Lady Fatimah (A) who undertook the duty to preach to the women. She was and still is the perfect model for all women to follow. The excellence of this pure lady was such that even at a young age, the Prophet (S) received numerous offers for her hand in marriage from wealthy families and chiefs of tribes. He refused them all, saying that he was waiting for the order of Allah regarding the person to whom his daughter should be married. Tareekh Page

9 The Muslims realised that the person who married this great lady would not need to be rich and powerful, but would have to possess her qualities of truthfulness, piety and excellence. Therefore, some people suggested to Imam Ali (A) that he should go to the Prophet (S) and place a proposal for himself. Imam Ali (A) also wished this, and he approached the Prophet (S). Imam Ali (A) felt shy at his request but when the Prophet (S) encouraged him to speak what was on his mind, he managed to tell him. On receiving the proposal of Imam Ali (A), the Prophet (S) was so pleased that he smiled and said, "It is a welcome and happy proposal." However, he asked Imam Ali (A) to wait till he asked his daughter. When the Prophet (S) mentioned the proposal of Imam Ali (A) to Lady Fatimah (A), she remained quiet due to her modesty. However, from her silence, her approval was clear to the Prophet (S) and he declared, Fatimah s silence is her acceptance. In those days, Imam Ali (A) owned nothing except his sword and battle armour. He was advised by the Prophet (S) to sell the armour to meet the expense of marriage. With the money from the sale, the items of dowry for Lady Fatimah (A) were purchased. The marriage ceremony was performed by the Holy Prophet (S) in the month of Ramadhan 2 A.H. All the Muhajireen and Ansar gathered for the wedding, and Imam Ali (A) arranged for a feast (Walimah). The Prophet (S) informed his daughter of the virtues and qualities of her husband. Then he turned to Imam Ali (A) and mentioned the excellence of his daughter and said that if Imam Ali (A) had not been born, there would have been none else to match her. He then divided the duties of life between them. He told Lady Fatimah (A) to take care of all the household affairs while he made Imam Ali (A) responsible for the outdoor duties. From this marriage Imam Ali (A) and Lady Fatimah (A) were blessed with two sons, Imam Hasan (A) and Imam Husain (A), and two daughters, Lady Zainab (A) and Lady Umme Kulthum (A). All their children were well-known for their piety and noble virtues and it was their strength of character and actions that changed the course of history. Tareekh Page

10 LESSON 4.5: THE FIVE EIDS INTRODUCTION: Eid means an event which happens again and again. In Islam, we celebrate Eid as the happy festival which occurs every year. In Sura Al Maidah, Prophet Isa asked Allah for food from Heaven because his followers wanted a miracle to increase their faith, and to always celebrate the occasion with joy. We are lucky that we have five types of Eids in a year: 1. Eid ul-juma 2. Eid ul-haj 3. Eid ul-fitr 4. Eid-e-Gadheer 5. Eid-e-Mubahila WORKSHEET 4.5: THE FIVE EIDS INTRODUCTION: Write in each cake the 5 types of Eids that we celebrate each year: What does the word Eid mean? The word Eid means Tareekh Page

11 LESSON 4.6: EID-UL-JUMA : Juma means Friday, and for all Muslims it is a very religious day. The Holy Prophet (s.a.w.) has said that prayers and worship on Juma are many times better than any other day. In the Islamic calendar, the night comes before the day. So, Friday begins at the time of Maghrib Salaat on Thursday. There are certain A amaal recommended for Juma. For the night of Juma (Thursday night): Recite Sura Fatiha for those who have gone back to Allah Recite Suratul Yasiin & Dua Kumail For the day of Juma (Friday): Do ghusl for Juma Cut your nails, wear nice clothes and apply perfume Visit the graves of our loved ones Gather in mosque and pray Salaat together Tareekh Page

12 LESSON 4.7: EID-UL-HAJ: Eid ul-haj is also known as Eid ul-adha (Eid of Sacrifice). It takes place on the 10 th of Dhulhijja, and marks the end of Haj of Muslims to Makka. This Eid honours the sacrifice of Prophet Ismail by his father, Prophet Ibrahim. One day, Prophet Ibrahim dreamt that he was sacrificing his young son, Prophet Ismail. This day is called Yawme Tarwiyah which means, the Day of the First Dream. Prophet Ibrahim often received Allah's commands in his dreams, but because he was being asked to actually kill his son, he wondered whether it was real. Allah s command He had the same dream the next day, and was now sure it was a true command. So, the 9 th of Zilhaj is known as Yawme Arafaat, which means the Day of Knowledge So, Prophet Ibrahim took his son into the desert. On the way, Shaitan, disguised as an old man, tried to convince Prophet Ibrahim that he was making a terrible mistake in killing his son. Three times Shaitan came, and each time Prophet Ibrahim made him go away by throwing seven small stones at him. When they reached Mina, Prophet Ibrahim laid his son on the ground and took a knife. Tareekh Page

13 Prophet Ismail saw how upset his father was, and asked him to blindfold himself so that he would not have to see his son die. Prophet Ibrahim did as his son requested, and then cut the throat of his son. But when he removed the blindfold, he was surprised to see that he had slaughtered a male sheep instead, and that his son was standing safe beside him. Allah was so pleased with Prophet Ibrahim that he has made this sacrifice of a sheep wajib for all Muslims as the last stage of Haj. Tareekh Page

14 LESSON 4.8: EID-UL-FITR: Eid ul-fitr is the first day after the Holy month of Ramadhan. It is on the 1 st of Shawwaal. Fitr means to break, and it marks the end of the fasting period. It is a happy occasion because: During Mahe Ramadhan we are in the habit of committing few or no sins By fasting during the month of Ramadhan, we have shown our Obedience to Allah. Through our prayers in Mahe Ramadhan, Allah may have forgiven our sins Allah has made a Wajib charity of Zakat ul-fitr for every family at the end of Ramadhan. This charity helps poor people who do not have the money to feed themselves. Tareekh Page

15 LESSON 4.9: EID-E-GHADEER: On the 18 th of Zilhaj, Allah commanded Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w.) in the Qur an to stop at a place called Ghadeer-e-Khum (the pond of Khum). A friend of the Prophet called all the people to gather around. The Holy Prophet (s.a.w.) led the Salaat. Then, he stood so that all the people could see him. He told everyone that when he died, he would leave behind two special things: the Book of Allah (the Qur an) the Ahlul Bayt (his family) BIBI FATIMAH & 12 IMAMS (a.s.) The Prophet (s.a.w.) explained that if the people follow BOTH the Qur an AND the Ahlul Bayt, Allah will always be happy with them. But if the people follow only the Qur an, and don t listen to the Ahlul Bayt, then Allah will NOT be happy with them. Tareekh Page

16 Then Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w.) held up Imam Ali (a.s.) hand, showing him to all the people, and said whoever considered the Prophet (s.a.w.) their leader must also consider Imam Ali (a.s.) their leader. Then, he prayed to Allah to love those people who love Imam Ali (a.s.), and hate those who do not love him. Allah then said that the religion of Islam had been completed that day. This day is known as Eid-e-Ghadeer. WORKSHEET 4.9: EID-E-GHADEER: Write the meaning of the following ayat, then learn it. It means: Write what 2 things the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.) said he was leaving behind. Tareekh Page

17 LESSON 4.10: EID-E-MUBAHILA: The Holy Prophet (s.a.w.) had sent letters to many different countries inviting them to Islam. One letter was sent to the Christians of Najran. The Christians wanted to meet the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.) When they arrived in Madina, the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.) was sad to see them dressed in silk and gold, and he ignored them. Imam Ali (a.s.) asked them to change into simple clothes, and the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.) was then happy to see them. They talked, but the Christians would not listen to the Prophet (s.a.w.). They believed in Prophet Isa as the son of God, because he had no father. Allah sent down a verse from Sura Aali Imran, saying that if they called Prophet Isa the son of God (as he has no father), then they should also call Prophet Adam the same, because he was born without a father or mother. The Christians did not have an answer to this, but they still argued because they did not want to say they were wrong. Allah ordered the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.) to do "Mubahila" with the Christians. Mubahila means to curse one another. The next day, on the 24 th of Zilhaj, the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.) came out for Mubahila with Imam Hasan (a.s.), Imam Husain (a.s.), Bibi Fatimah (a.s.) and Imam Ali (a.s.). The Christians, on seeing the shining faces of the Panjatan began to tremble and shake. They backed away and realised that they had failed. Tareekh Page