Journal for the History of Islamic Civilization Vol. 47, No. 2, Autumn & Winter 2014/ 2015

Transcription

1 Journal for the History of Islamic Civilization Vol. 47, No. 2, Autumn & Winter 204/ DOI: /jhic : 2 (96/06/26 : 96/05/6 : )». «... .taqavi93@ut.ac.ir mabeyki@ut.ac.ir. ).2

2 Application of the Theory of School to Islamic Historiography: Possibility or Impossibility Mohammad Taqavi, Mohammad Ali Kazembeyki 2 (Received: 7 August Accepted: 7 September 207) Abstract Most of the 20 th century studies on Islamic Historiography have demonstrated the importance of time, subject, structure and geographical origins of both narrators and authors. Of these factors, the latter has been emphasized as the base for theory of school for Islamic historiography. According to the theory, Islamic historiography, affected by the geographical origin, could be divided into two main schools of Medina (in ij z) and Kufa (in Iraq). The present work intends to evaluate theory of school. The findings show basing the theory on geographical origin is not supported by existing evidence. Moreover, such a theory is useful only to understand genres of works in the field of Islamic history such as Fut, Ans b, and S ra etc. Keywords: Islamic Historiography, Theory of school, J. Wellhausen, A. Noth. PhD Student, University of Tehran; m.taqavi93@ut.ac.ir 2. Associate professor, University of Tehran; mabeyki@ut.ac.ir

3 95 : (. 25 2). ( ) ( ).(9 83 ) 3. : )..(393 : 3. Franz Rosenthal..2

4 ». «[ ].(Khalidi, xi) Albrecht Noth. 2. Tarif Khalidi. 3. Fred Donner. 4. Konrad Hirschler, Medieval Arabic Historiography; Authors as Actors, London & New York, :.395 : 5. Erling Petersen, Ali and Mu wiya in Early Arabic Tradition; Studies on Genesis and Growth of Islamic Historical Writing until the End of the Ninth Century, Copenhagen: Munksgaard, Tarif Khalidi, Arabic Historical Thought in the Classical Period, Cambridge University Press, 996; Albrecht Noth, The Early Arabic Historical Tradition; A Source-Critical Study, 2th Edition, in collaboration with Lawrence Conrad, Translated from the German by Michael Bonner, Princeton & New Jersey: Darwin Press, 994.

5 97 : : Quellenkritische Studien zu Themen, Formen und Tendenzenjnihislamischer.. Geschichtsuberlieferu.. :.2 Chase F. Robinson, "The Study of Islamic Historiography: a Progress Report", JRAS, Vol. 7, N. 2, July 997, Positivist 4. Source Criticism 5. Franz Rosenthal, A History of Muslim Historiography, Leiden: Brill, Fuat Sezgin, Geschichte des Arabischen Schrifttums, Leiden: Brill, Nabia Abbott, Studies in Arabic Literary Papyri, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, Gregor Schoeler, The Oral and The Written in Early Islam, Translated by Uwe Vagelpohl, London & New York, Routledge, 2006.

6 (Noth, 2) (Noth, 3) Jan De Goeje, Mémoire sur la conque te de la Syrie, Leiden: Brill, Julius Wellhausen, "Prolegomna zur altesten Gschichte des Islams", in his Skizzen und Vorarbeiten, VI, Berlin: Georg Reimer, 899, N. A. Mednikov, Palestina ot zavoevaniia eia Arabami do krestovych pochodov po arabskim istocnikam, St. Petersburg: IMPPO, , / Leone Caetani, Annali dell'islam, Milan: Ulrico Hoepli, (Muhammedanische Studien)

7 99 :. ) ( ). - Donner, ).( ( )..(Noth, 5 n. 64) :. Theory of Schools.(62 6/ 58 ).2

8 :. 3. ».(3 ) «..(Noth, 4-5; Donner, 25). (70 ).(Noth, 2-4) (56/ ).. : )

9 20 :.(6 0/ / 256/ 959.(Duri, "Al-Zuhr ", 8) 2 ( ).. - ( ).( ) (87 ). :».2.(362/2 ) «: : Ella Landau-Tasseron, "Sayf Ibn Umar in Medieval and Modern Scholarship", JHCME, Vol. 67, No., 990, -26. : ).4.(2 09 :

10 (Noth, 5; Donner, 25) )..(Noth, 4-5) (.2. :. Stefan Leder, "Features of the Novel in Early Historiography: The Downfall of Xàlid al- Qasri", Oriens, 32, 990, 72 96; Idem, "Narratives and Character Development :Al-Tabari and Al-Bal dhur on Late Umayyad History", in Ideas, Images, And Methods Of Portrayal- Insights Into Classical Arabic Literature And Islam, Leiden: Brill, 2005; Ilkka Lindstedt, The Transmission of al-mad in s Historical Material to al-bal dhur and al- abar : A Comparison and Analysis of Two Khabars, Studia Orientalia, 4, 203, 4 63;

11 203 : ) 75 74/ /2 86 ) ( (62/3 2.( /2 )..5 3.(85 80 ).... Idem, "Al-Mad in 's Kit b al-dawla and the Death of Ibr m al-im m", in Case Studies in Transmission, Edited by Ilkka Lindstedt, Jaakko Hämeen-Anttila, Raija Mattila and Robert Rollinger, Germany: Memminger Medien Centrum, 204, Noth, (65 64 )

12 ( ).. (Noth, 6-7).(Donner, 27).( ). (. ) :. ). 420 : ) (983 : : ) ( 390 : ) (393 : ). 434 : : ) (. 4 (

13 205 :.. ( ).( ) ) (... ) ( ).. 2. Forms 3. Topoi

14 :. 38 : : :. 420 : :.392 :.393 :.. 40 :.390 :.. 48 :.39 :

15 207 : : : Donner, Fred, Narratives of Islamic Origins; The Beginning of Islamic Historical Writing, Princeton & New Jersey: Darwin Press, 994 Duri, A. A., "Al-Zuhr A Study on the Beginning of History Writing in Islam", BSOAS, Vol. 9, No., 957. Ma 'mar Ibn Rashid, The Expeditions: An Early Biography of Muhammad, Edited and Translated by Sean W. Anthony, New York University, 204. Noth, Albrecht, The Early Arabic Historical Tradition A Source-Critical Study, with Collaboration by Lawrence Conrad, Translated from the German by Michael Bonner, Princeton & New Jersey: Darwin Press, 994.

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