BELIEF SYSTEMS:.. DESCRIBE. IMPACT: How does it affect? - Way people LIVE - History & Politics - Economics

Transcription

1 BELIEF SYSTEMS:.. DESCRIBE IMPACT: How does it affect? - Way people LIVE - History & Politics - Economics 1

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3 BELIEF SYSTEMS: Middle East JUDAISM CHRISTIANITY ISLAM - Monotheistic - Jerusalem 3

4 BELIEF SYSTEMS: Judaism BELIEFS: - Yahweh - Jerusalem - Torah, Talmud - Synagogue/Sabbath - Kosher 4

5 BELIEF SYSTEMS: Judaism GROUPS: - Reformed - Conservative - Hasidic 5

6 BELIEF SYSTEMS: Judaism IMPACT: - Judao-Christian religion/beliefs 1 God - Diaspora - Jews spread - Anti-Semitism in Medieval Europe Jews persecuted - ex: Holocaust, pogroms in Russia - Israel created... Intifada... 6

7 religion 1 monotheism Israel Jerusalem Abraham.. Isaac.. Jacob The Year 5773 Circa 1800 BC or 3761 BC

8 Orthodox.. Hasidic Conservative Reformed Torah TANAKH Talmud Rabbi Synagogue Temple Saturday Rosh Hashanah Yom Kippur Hanukkah Passover

9 KOSHER Kashrut Purify Separation: - meat - dairy

10 Monotheism the 1st Messiah will come has not come Afterlife: - Judgement Day - Heaven & Hell Follow the Torah the 10 Commandments Praying Saturday Follow religious Observances: - Rosh Hashanah - Yom Kippur - Passover Charity Mrs. Myra Kraft NE Patriots

11 TRADITIONAL - Synagogue - Men & women sit separately? Hasidic 1200 BC Exodus 73 AD Diaspora Romans kick Jewish Inhabitants out of Palestine 900 AD Middle Ages - persecution - Europe 1900 AD - Pogroms.. Russia >1945 the Holocaust 1990s Intifada

12 BELIEF SYSTEMS: Christianity BELIEFS: - God AND Jesus - Jerusalem/Rome/Constant - Bible - Church & Sunday - Christmas & Easter 12

13 BELIEF SYSTEMS: Christianity Groups: - Roman Catholics - Protestants - Russian Orthodox 13

14 BELIEF SYSTEMS: Christianity IMPACT: - preserved knowledge Middle Ages - the Crusades - Latin America: united people, ethnocentrism - Renaissance & Reformation - Absolute Monarchy: Divine Right 14

15 Religion 1 monotheism Europe Latin America Africa Jerusalem Bethlehem Rome Jesus of Nazareth Circa 0 A.D.

16 Roman Catholics Protestants Lutherans.. Baptists Methodists Bible: - Old Testament - New Testament Pope Cardinals Bishops Priests Ministers Monks & Nuns Church Saturday evening Sunday morning Christmas Easter

17 Roman Catholics - no meat during Lent 40 days before Easter

18 1 God Jesus is the Savior Existence afterlife - - Heaven Pray Ask for forgiveness Celebration Life & teachings Of savior Jesus Christ Going to Church on Sunday Celebration of Christmas - Gift giving - the 3 Wise Men

19 Equality EXCEPT Roman Catholic Church no female priests disciples were male Birth of Jesus Christ The Crusades AD ABSOLUTE MONARCHY Protestant Reformation 1500s Ireland 1900s: North (Protestant) Vs South (Catholic)

20 BELIEF SYSTEMS: Islam BELIEFS: - Allah & 5 Pillars - Mosque, Friday, Pray 5 times - Mecca & Medina - Koran (Qur an) / Sharia - Ramadan 20

21 GOALS WEDNESDAY.. SEPTEMBER 18 th, 2013 Belief System chart: Animism... Review of 1 st of 3 belief system Finish Periods 6 & 9 Christianity... & Judaism Time Management / Study Skills Finish Videos Geography World maps Continents some Countries some Topographic Features Lecture Traditional vs. Modern Crossword Puzzles Belief Systems + Paleolithic > Phoenicians

22 BELIEF SYSTEMS: Islam GROUPS: - Shia (Shi ites) want a theocratic govt. religion runs the nation - Sunni want a secular state/nation religion & government are separate 22

23 BELIEF SYSTEMS: Islam IMPACT: - Golden Age of Islam learning - common Culture - Crusades - India: Sepoy Mutiny - partition of Pakistan/India - Kashmir - Islamic Fundamentalism - Jerusalem 23

24 Religion 1 Allah monotheism Middle East northern Africa Pakistan Indonesia Mecca Makkah Medina Jerusalem Mohammad Muhammed 622 AD 1433 A. H. the hegira

25 Sunni secular Shia (Shi ites) theocracy - Wahabism extreme Taliban Afghanistan Bin Laden (UBL) Koran Qur an Mullah Ayatollah mosque Friday Noon but also 5 times each day Ramadan when Mohammed received the Qur an from Allah 28 days move able this year August complete fast during daylight also no sex

26 NO: - alcohol - nothing from the pig

27 Monotheism Life after death - paradise Five Pillars of Islam - acknowledge only 1 God Allah - pray 5 times each day regulates their day - charity - fast during Ramadan - make a pilgrimage to Mecca once in your lifetime

28 The Five Pillars of Islam (Wisdom) are: - SHAHADAH.: Faith - There is no god except Allah, Muhammad is the messenger of Allah. - SALAH: Prayer - Praying five times a day. - ZAKAH: Donate - Each year, Muslims are supposed to donate a fixed proportion of their savings for good deeds. - SAWM: Fasting - Fasting during the month of Ramadan. - HAJJ [HAJD}: Pilgrimage - Making a pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in the lifetime of a Muslim, if it is affordable.

29 Male dominance - can have up to 4 wives Women have few rights - Afghanistan & Iran worse hajib / chador must be covered 622 AD. the hegira 732 AD. Battle of Tours Moors (Muslim advance in Europe stopped AD the Crusades AD Ottoman Empire AD Arab Israeli Crisis 1970s terrorism used by extremists to get attention to causes 1990s Intifada Palestinian Arabs vs. Israeli settlers

30 Since the 8th century, a major source of disunity among Muslims has been the 1. differences in the religious teachings of Shiites and Sunnis. 3. establishment of production quotas for oil. 2. use of the human figure in art. 4. spread of Islam as a result of invasion and trade. 30

31 Since the 8th century, a major source of disunity among Muslims has been the 1. differences in the religious teachings of Shiites and Sunnis. 3. establishment of production quotas for oil. 2. use of the human figure in art. 4. spread of Islam as a result of invasion and trade. 31

32 Which of the following are common to Christianity, Islam & Judaism? 1. Polytheism & Ganges River 2. Atheism & Moscow 3. Communism & Huang He River 4. Monotheism & Jerusalem 32

33 Which of the following are common to Christianity, Islam & Judaism? 1. Polytheism & Ganges River 2. Atheism & Moscow 3. Communism & Huang He River 4. Monotheism & Jerusalem 33

34 BELIEF SYSTEMS: in Africa & Asia l l l l l l Animism Hinduism Buddhism Jainism Confucianism & Daoism Legalism & Shintoism 34

35 BELIEF SYSTEMS: Animism Things in Nature have SPIRITS IMPACT: - Appreciation & respect for things in Nature - Ancient Egyptians prayed to the God of the Nile the Giver of Life 35

36 Religion many Polytheism Africa SE Asia Latin America None - Mt. Kilimanjaro - the Nile River None just began Evolved

37 Many None Eldest Male or Woman Outside Nature i.e. River Bank.. Waterfall Everyday Events in Nature i.e. Annual Flooding of the Nile 1 st Harvest Full Moon

38 Depends on what they worship could be a cow a fish

39 EVERYthing in Nature has a spirit Human & non-human Good & Bad Spirit Even departed ancestors have spirits Praying Respecting things in nature At times even Human Sacrifice the Aztecs (Mexico City)

40 Depends on what they worship / Pray to None

41 Which two belief systems teach that there are spirits in nature? 1.Shinto and animism 2.Hinduism and Confucianism 3.Judaism and Christianity 4.Islam and Buddhism 41

42 Which two belief systems teach that there are spirits in nature? 1.Shinto and animism 2.Hinduism and Confucianism 3.Judaism and Christianity 4.Islam and Buddhism 42

43 BELIEF SYSTEMS: Hinduism Polytheistic: - Vishnu, Brahman, Shiva Sacred Writings: - Upanishads, Gita, Ramayana, Mahabharata Dharma & Karma - - ->Reincarnation (Duties) + Judgement ---> Next Life Nirvana 43

44 BELIEF SYSTEMS: Hinduism IMPACT: - Caste system - Sacred objects: - Ganges River - cow (don t eat beef) - Sepoy Mutiny - Conflict in Partition of India - Kashmir 44

45 HINDUISM the caste system 45

46 RELIGION 3 Brahma, Shiva, Vishnu polytheism India Ganges River Aryan civilization Circa BC

47 RELIGION Vedas Mahabharata Ramayana Bhavagad Gita Brahman Home. Temple, Street side Shrine Everyday Holi spring Good over Evil

48 Nothing from the cow - Most followers are often vegetarians This has affected McDonalds in India

49 Caste system social class rigid NO social mobility affects WHO you may associate with very strong in rural areas Dharma duties Karma fate / judgment Reincarnation rebirth - body cremated at death to release the soul Nirvana supreme state of happiness

50 Segregated by caste strong in villages... Less in cities AD.. Gupta Empire = Golden Age 1500s & 1600s Mughal [ Mogul ] Empire Muslim = Islam 1857 Sepoy Mutiny British vs. Hindus & Muslims 1947 southern Asia Independence India Hindu nation.. Pakistan Muslim nation

51 BELIEF SYSTEMS: Buddhism 4 Noble Truths - we have pain/sorrow in life - because we want things 8 Fold Path - to relieve the pain - meditate - give up material desires Key People: Buddha & Dalai Lama 51

52 BELIEF SYSTEMS: Buddhism ~ cultural diffusion - spread from China ~ IMPACT PEACEFUL life - Vietnam - Tibet 52

53 Religion or Philosophy 1 or none Depends monotheism or Asia Bodh tree in India Gautama Siddhartha 560 BC

54 Mahayana Buddha GOD Theravada philosophy Tripitaka. Sutras Monks Dalai Lama Shrine of Buddha everyday New Year Spring [April] Buddha Day 1 st full moon - May

55 Meat Fish Vietnam & China no onions garlic leak

56 GOAL: nirvana 4 Noble Truths - pain & suffering caused by desire for material goods never good enough new enough 8 Fold Path - meditation - give up - Goods - Selfish desire - seek enlightenm - proper behavior

57 Equality 20 th century [1900s] Dalai Lama [Tibet] vs Communist China

58 Which belief is shared by Hindus and Buddhists? 1.Everyone should have the same social status. 2.People should pray five times a day. 3.The soul can be reincarnated. 4.Material wealth is a sign of the blessing of the gods. 58

59 Which belief is shared by Hindus and Buddhists? 1.Everyone should have the same social status. 2.People should pray five times a day. 3.The soul can be reincarnated. 4.Material wealth is a sign of the blessing of the gods. 59

60 SIKHISM CHART Sikhism

61 Religion 1 Monotheism India Punjab Golden Temple at Amritsar Guru Nanak 1500s

62 Sikhs Adi Granth Guru Temple Everyday New Year & Harvest

63 NO: - Meat - Alcohol - Drugs

64 1 God - almighty - fearless Reincarnation until resolve Karma so are united with God Meditation - speak directly to God

65 FORBID: - discrimination Based on - - class (caste) - - color - - religion - - gender 20 th century - Sikh desire for Independence separatism June Indian army attacks Sikh Golden Temple At Amritsar - October Sikh militants kill India s Prime Minister Indira Gandhi - her won body guards

66 BELIEF SYSTEMS: Confucianism - everyone has a place & duty in society - this should lead to an orderly society Analects = Confucius Mandate of Heaven Filial Piety Ancestor Veneration Examination System 66

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68 The EMPEROR is at the top 68

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70 BELIEF SYSTEMS: Confucianism IMPACT: Influenced Chinese government - Dynasties (Qing / Manchu) - Communists (Mao Zedong) 70

71 Philosophy China Confucius Kung fu tzu Circa 500 BC

72 The Analects - Emperor - eldest male Everywhere Everyday

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74 Everyone has a place & role in society Mandate of Heaven - power to rule comes from God - emperor MUST set the good example or else the people will overthrow him 5 relationships - Ruler subjects - Father son - Brother brother - Husband wife - Friend friend Filial piety Ancestor veneration + orderly society

75 Patriarchal society Eldest male has the say Civil Service Examination System - Job based on WHAT you know NOT WHO you know 1911 end of the Manchu/Qing Dynasty - Lost the Mandate of Heaven 1949 Communists control Mainland China - have the Mandate of Heaven - - because they rule

76 BELIEF SYSTEMS: Daoism Harmony between - Man - Nature Yin & Yang 76

77 BELIEF SYSTEMS: Daoism IMPACT: - study of natural world led to advances in science - again peaceful society 77

78 Philosophy China Lao - tze Circa 300 BC

79 Daode Jing - Monks Everywhere Everyday

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81 HARMONY between people & the universe Yin & Yang - good vs evil Constantly in flux Meditation Martial arts

82 Equality

83 35. Both Shintoism and Taoism (Daoism) stress 1. respect for nature 2. the need for government based on religious principles 3. respect for elders 4. the need for continual spiritual rebirth until one reaches nirvana 83

84 35. Both Shintoism and Taoism (Daoism) stress 1. respect for nature 2. the need for government based on religious principles 3. respect for elders 4. the need for continual spiritual rebirth until one reaches nirvana 84

85 BELIEF SYSTEMS: Legalism STRICT obey LAW HARSH punishment - practiced in Singapore 85

86 Philosophy FAR EAST - China - Vietnam - Singapore Shang Yang C475 BC

87 The Law - Judges - Govt. officials Everywhere Everyday

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89 People born evil / corrupt Must be taught the straight & narrow path Severe punishment - For even small/minor infractions Obey the Law STRICT & ORDERLY society

90 Equality

91 BELIEF SYSTEMS: Shintoism RESPECT for - land - nation: JAPAN - emperor IMPACT: - Tokugawa & Meiji + Kamikaze 91

92 Religion Many Polytheism Japan Mt. Fuji mountain near Tokyo According to legend the Gods dipped their spear into the Pacific the drops of water that fell off became Japan Circa 2000 BC

93 none Chronicles of Japan Kojiki tales / fables like Hinduism (Vedas Gita) Shinto priests Shrines at home Torii Gate(s) Everyday ritual cleansing (with water to purify) New Years Day honoring the Kami (spirits) from 4 directions (North, South, East & West) Seijin-no-Hi--Shinto festival (2 nd Monday in January) honoring 20-year-old men and women on reaching adulthood, and recognizing the rights and responsibilities that come with it. Spring Festival (planting) Fall Festival (harvest)

94 none

95 Spirits exist some human some non human some good some evil (bad) + similar to Animism People & spirits SHARE the SAME WORLD Afterlife crossing the river (like Hades in Greek mythology) The Kami (spirits) protect Japan Bowing a form of respect lower the bow the higher the respect Washing Water purification a form of purifying even done when buildings are about to open get rid any evil spirits praying sometimes at shrines at home or in public

96 none 1287 kami defeat Mongol naval invasion attempt against Japan Late 1800s Meiji Restoration Shintoism becomes a national religion Dec. 7, 1941 kamikaze pilots attack US ships in Pearl Harbor 1946 (after World War II) Shintoism no longer a National / State religion

97 Which two belief systems teach that there are spirits in nature? 1.Shinto and animism 2.Hinduism and Confucianism 3.Judaism and Christianity 4.Islam and Buddhism 97

98 Which two belief systems teach that there are spirits in nature? 1.Shinto and animism 2.Hinduism and Confucianism 3.Judaism and Christianity 4.Islam and Buddhism 98

99 According to the teachings of Confucius, the key to the successful organization of society is that 1. the ruler should be chosen democratically. 2. ancestor worship should be discontinued. 3. the evil in humans must be eliminated. 4. individuals should know and do what is expected of them. 99

100 According to the teachings of Confucius, the key to the successful organization of society is that 1. the ruler should be chosen democratically. 2. ancestor worship should be discontinued. 3. the evil in humans must be eliminated. 4. individuals should know and do what is expected of them... Caste system (Hinduism)... India..... Latin America..... Medieval Europe

101 Which characteristic of Ancient Indian society is best illustrated by the caste system? 1. social mobility 2. rigid class system 3. interdependence 4. cultural diffusion 101

102 Which characteristic of Ancient Indian society is best illustrated by the caste system? 1. social mobility 2. rigid class system 3. interdependence 4. cultural diffusion once you are born into a class you are stuck in it until you die, your body is cremated, you are judged (karma), based on how well you fulfilled your dharma (duties) 102

103 One way in which the Vedas (Hinduism), the Bible (Christianity), and the Koran/Qur an (Islam) are similar is that these religious books 1. provide guidelines to govern the behavior of believers 2. deny the existence of a supreme being who rules the universe 3. encourage strife between segments of believers 4. support political rebellions to overthrow existing governments 103

104 One way in which the Vedas (Hinduism), the Bible (Christianity), and the Koran/Qur an (Islam) are similar is that these religious books 1. provide guidelines to govern the behavior of believers 2. deny the existence of a supreme being who rules the universe 3. encourage strife between segments of believers 4. support political rebellions to overthrow existing governments 104