CHRISTIANITY. The Good Samaritan. Some useful words: Benevolent means

Transcription

1 Year 8 RS Revision

2 CHRISTIANITY What did Jesus look like? Some people picture him being blonde with blue eyes and fair skin. This is perhaps because people tended to make pictures of what they looked like. In those days people generally felt anyone of a different colour would be an unbeliever. Some people would suggest that because Jesus lived in Palestine and people there generally have darker skin, then he too would have been darker skinned. The BBC conducted an experiment by making a model from a 1 st century Jewish man. You could argue that it s not accurate because it was a random person and there are different looks within a race. In addition, it is possible that maybe Jesus did look different and that is why he stood out from the crowd. Some would say he wouldn t have long hair because St Paul said in the Bible that it was a disgrace for men to have long hair. The Good Samaritan The moral of the Good Samaritan is to love your neighbour and help anyone in need regardless of their background, race religion etc. Be prepared to answer this question God exists and He created the universe Discuss (10 marks) Do you agree? Give reasons for your opinion Give reasons why some people may disagree with you Some useful words: Omnipotent means Omniscient means Benevolent means All-powerful All- knowing Loving

3 A parable is a story with a meaning A younger son asked his dad for lots of money (inheritance) He went away and wasted the money on bad things. Soon the money was all gone and he became hungry. He looked after pigs, but still did not get any food. The son was sorry so he went home to see his dad. His dad forgave him and they had a party! His big brother was angry because his brother had wasted loads of money and was now getting a party. "Don't be angry," dad said. "Your brother was dead but now he is alive, he was lost now he has been found. Who do the people in the story represent? The lost son? People who do wrong sinners! The father? A God who forgives those who are truly sorry for what they have done. The brother? Those who believe themselves to be perfect and condemn others who are not. Who was Jesus having a go at? Jesus told this parable because some of the Pharisees (religious leaders) were criticising him for mixing with bad characters. He wanted them to realise that God loved all his children. He was as concerned for those who went astray as for the good people who kept all the religious laws. This parable brings out the contrast between people who are sorry for their sins and the self-righteous people who think that they alone should have God s love.

4 Monday Holy Week Jesus visits the Temple and overturns the tables of the traders and money-changers who work there. He got very upset because some people were using the temple as a market place. Tuesday Jesus teaches in the Temple and is questioned by the Pharisees. Many of the religious leaders didn t like what Jesus said since they thought he was talking about them. Wednesday Judas Iscariot, one of the disciples, makes an offer to betray Jesus to the Chief Priest. Thursday Jesus and his disciples share the Last Supper together. Afterwards they go to the Garden of Gethsemane where Jesus is betrayed and arrested. Friday Jesus is tried by Caiphas, the High Priest and Pontius Pilate, the Roman Governor, before he is crucified.

5 ISLAM The Qur'an The Qur'an is the holy book for Muslims just like the Bible is for Christians. It is written in Arabic. Muslims believe that no part of the Qur'an can be changed or re-written because it is the word of God and so it is perfect. Over a period of 23 years God (Allah in Arabic) revealed his message through the archangel Gabriel to Muhammad pbuh. The message was to worship the one true God. These revelations were written down by his companions (Muhammad pbuh was unlettered) to form the Qur'an. It deals with all the subjects which concern human beings: wisdom, doctrine, worship, transactions, law, etc. It provides guidelines and detailed teachings for a just society, proper human conduct and an equitable economic system Muslims believe the Qur an is the final book to be revealed by Allah after a collection of other books including the Torah and the Bible. In Prophet Muhammad s (pbuh) last sermon he said: People should not hurt others Treat women with respect as they are your partners Don t be racist (An Arab has no superiority over a non-arab; a white has no superiority over a black, nor a black over a white, except by piety and good deeds) Observe the 5 Pillars Jihad means to strive or struggle in the way of God.' There are two types of Jihad. Greater Jihad The main meaning of Jihad is the internal spiritual struggle, e.g Overcoming things such as anger, greed, hatred, pride, or malice. Giving up smoking. Working for social justice. Forgiving someone who has hurt them. Lesser Jihad Is the military struggle to defend yourself Islam never tolerates unprovoked aggression from its own side; Muslims are commanded in the Qur'an not to begin hostilities, embark on any act of aggression, violate the rights of others, or harm the innocent. (women,children,elderly Even hurting or destroying animals or trees is forbidden. Don t kill those without weapons/engaged in worship Do not mutilate the dead.

6 Inventions Al Zahrawi Around the year 1,000, the celebrated doctor published a 1,500 page illustrated encyclopedia of surgery that was used in Europe as a medical reference for the next 500 years. Among his many inventions, Zahrawi discovered the use of dissolving cat gut to stitch wounds -- beforehand a second surgery had to be performed to remove sutures. He also reportedly performed the first caesarean operation and created the first pair of forceps. Abbas ibn-firnas Born in the Al-Andalus region of medieval Muslim Spain in A.D. 810, ibn Firnas may have been the first inventor to attempt flight using a glider, as pictured here. In the 9th century he designed a winged apparatus, roughly resembling a bird costume. In his most famous trial near Cordoba in Spain, Firnas flew upward for a few moments, before falling to the ground and partially breaking his back. His designs would undoubtedly have been an inspiration for famed Italian artist and inventor Leonardo da Vinci's hundreds of years later. Al khwarizmi Considered by some the inventor of algebra, Abu Abdallah Muhammad ibn Musa al-khwarizmi was a Persian mathematician working at the House of Wisdom in Baghdad in the ninth century. In fact, the very name of this form of math is derived from the Arabic al-jabr, meaning "restoring," which is how al-khwarizmi referred to the operation of removing roots and squares from a quadratic equation by adding the same quantity to each side of the equation. And algorithms, like those devised to deliver search results on the modern Internet, derive from the Latin version of his name: Al-goritmi. You can also thank him for the modern numeral system, which is based on Hindu-Arabic numbers derived from Indian mathematics. He also contributed to astronomy, trigonometry and even geography. Courtesy of John L. Esposito