Ancient time ( Important dynasty ( States Religions ( Languages ( Festivals ( Places of Interest (

Transcription

1 Sangeeta Khare

2 Content India Location History Ancient time (!") Important dynasty (#$%&') Struggle for Independence (()*+) Present India (,-.%/0) States Religions (12) Languages (34) Festivals (56) Places of Interest (-789:)

3 India Country of South Asia 2909 miles from South Korea

4 Ancient Civilization (!";<) North China civilization (=>;<) Egyptian Mesopotamian (BCDE7F;<) Indus Valley Civilization (!"#$%)

5 History of Indian Subcontinent (Indian Subcontinent) Pala Empire CE Stone Age 70, BCE Chalukya Dynasty CE G Mehrgarh Culture Indus Valley Civilization BCE BCE Rashtrakuta Western Chalukya Empire CE CE Late Harappan Culture BCE Hoysala Empire G Vedic period BCE Kakatiya Empire Iron Age BCE Islamic Sultanates Maha Janapadas BCE Delhi Sultanate G Magadha Empire 545 BCE Maurya Empire BCE Deccan Sultanates Ahom Kingdom Middle Kingdoms Chola Empire 250 BCE 1279 CE 250 BCE 1070 CE G Vijayanagara Empire Mughal Empire Satavahana 230 BCE 220 CE Maratha Empire Kushan Empire CE Sikh Confederacy Gupta Empire Pala Empire Chalukya Dynasty Rashtrakuta CE CE CE CE G G G Sikh Empire British East India Company British Raj Modern India 1947 present

6 Indus Valley Civilization (3300!BCE)_!"#$% Vedic period BCE (HIJ ") Origin of Hinduism KL2.MN% HI O%PQRJ" World oldest religion Philosophical cultural traditions

7 Hinduism - God is Supreme power Temple carving at Hoysaleswara temple, Mysore Brahma Shiva Vishnu Creator Destroyer of evil Maintain

8 Hinduism _KL2 Hinduism is a religion with a vast name of Gods and Goddesses- Lord Ram, Krishna, Shiv etc.

9 Vedas Upanishads Hinduism _KL2 Epics _/0%2"STJ Sanskrit Ramayana_UVWX (Story of Lord Ram) Mahabharata (Story of Great war held at Kurukshetra V>YUE)

10 Ramayana Lakshman Ram Sita Story of Rama, whose wife Sita is abducted by the demon king of Lanka, Ravana Hanuman

11 Mahabharata (Story of Great war held at Kurukshetra V>YUE -1.8 million words) Kuru dynasty Kauravas Pandava (5 brothers)

12 At Kurukshetra Kauravas war Pandava (Arjun)

13 Bhagavad Gita (Conversion of Lord Krishna & prince Arjun at battlefield)

14 Bhagavad Gita Spiritual teachings of Veda Sams!ra (Worldly-The continuing cycle of birth, life, death and rebirth) Dharma (ethics/duties) Karma (action and subsequent reaction)- Moksha (Salvation- liberation from samsara), and the various Yogas (paths or practices).

15 Robert Oppenheimer, American physicist and director of the Manhattan Project Learned Sanskrit in 1933 and read the Bhagavad Gita in the original Upon witnessing the world's first nuclear test in 1945, he quoted "Now I am become Death, the destroyer of worlds" based on verse 32 from Chapter 11 of the Bhagavad Gita.

16 Hinduism is a diverse system of thought with beliefs KL2.%efg%hi>9%`j Worship idols at home or temples _@?X%TZ[S%\0>\ Visit holy shrines _ ]^_%TZ%`;>\ Practice meditation & yoga <ab%$o%cd>\

17 Hinduism _KL2 OM Swastika (Peace & harmony)

18 Religions of world originated from India_/0[S%kl_%12m 1. Hinduism ( BCE)_KL2 2. Buddhism ( BCE)_n2 3. Jainism ( BCE)_ o?x2 4. Sikhism (15 century)_jp2

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20 Gautam Buddha _qr Siddhartha Gautama (563 BCE-483 BCE) Born in Pali _Pali sl Married at the age of 16 years _16t[%uv Spent 29 years as a Prince in Kapilavastu _29wxy%zN[S{%wFS%! g%}~f Never saw suffering

21 The Great Renunciation_ %l.%j Left Palace at the age of 29 Old man Dead body Birth Suffering_!" Birth Death Desire _#$,#% Life

22 The Great Enlightenment_ f Pipal tree-ƒ cx The Bodhi Tree at the Mahabodhi Temple, Bodh Gaya, Bihar.

23 Buddha traveled to Banaras & Preaches to 5 monks 56oˆ% Š%YUX Œ.%N0Q

24 Four Noble Truths - fundamental Buddhist teachings suffering arising of suffering end of suffering the way leading to the end of suffering

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26 Ashok the Great _FCp%&' Maurya Dynasty_VŽ F&' Born in Patiliputra (Patna) 200 years after Buddha period Ruled from 273 BC to 232 BC 304 BC-232 BC Ashok means without sorrow in Sanskrit_Ashok. :!?% I

27 South Asia- most of India, Pakistan, Afganistan, Iran FJF9 /0,,F O,? Œ%? 4š8I.

28 Ashok Cruel King Battle (war) at Kalinga (Orissa) Burnt houses & deaths Buddhism after the battle of Kalinga

29 Buddhism_n2.% œ Released prisoners Non violence Protected wildlife Promoted the concept of vegetarianism

30 Buddhism..spread Propagation of Buddhism across Asia Korea, Japan, China, Sri Lanka, Thailand Built thousands of Stupas and places for Buddhists followers

31 Sarnath, Banaras Stupa Ashok Pillar

32 Buddha, Sarnath

33 Other religions of India _/0.%I 12m Islam came to India in the early 7th century with Arab traders & other muslims _&'() (7*+)

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35 Mughal Dynasty ( ) Babur Humayun Akbar Jahangir Shah Jahan! Later Emperors = Aurangzeb

36 Mughal Dynasty ( ) At 1700 Capital - Lahore, Delhi, Agra, Kabul, Lucknow and Bhopal

37 Akbar The great emperor ( an architect, artist, construction worker, engineer, inventor, animal trainer ) Involved Hindus in government Removed tax from Hindus Protected Hindu temples Nine jewels in Akbar s court

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39 Humayun Tomb, Delhi (16 century)

40 Fatehpur Sikri, Agra by Akbar (1585)

41 Akbar s tomb, Agra

42 JehangirTomb, Lahore

43 Bibi ka Maqbara (Wife s tomb), Aurangabad by Aurangzeb

44 Discover : Europe To India _/0.%kž Christopher Columbus (August 1451 May 20, 1506) Italian navigator 1451Ÿ%8 %? F O%p % [%. %kž USA Red Indians_ &' ()*+, -.

45 VasCo da Gama, Portugal Reached Goa, India in 1524 D ª«/%Y IOVO%1524Ÿ%/ 0[%0

46 Trade- Cotton, silk, spices, tea %-, hp,±]²,³ Dutch & Portuguese company µ,d ª %.% T East India Company (British Company) entered in 1600 ¹º»¼¼Ÿ%+/0 T Expanded, Control trade & military expansion till 19 century First War of Independence in 1857 Lost the battle

47 British Government -Control everything & military _½¾% Ày%J" 90 years more. Struggle for Independence started.. People from religions, regions unite Non violence Movement by Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi

48 Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (2 Oct Jan 1948) ÁÂ Born in Gujarat Studied Law at University College London (1888) South Africa in 1893 Faced discrimination Worked for civil rights Jailed Returned back to India (1897) 1931 (62 years)

49 Gandhi organized people - ÁÂ.% œ Independence of India_/0() Farmers & laborers against tax_t /> Liberation of women_q^/ã `

50 Gandhi- many facets Practiced non-violence & truth in all situations Freedom fighter, Political leader Spititual leader- Practice Hinduism (read Bhagvad Gita, Bible, Buddhiusm, Kuran) Visionary Lived on vegetarian diet Took fast (no food) for social protest Weaving own cloth - Khadi

51 Mahatma Gandhi (Maha-atma means Great Soul) _Ä"_%ÁÂ

52 Albert Einstein, great physicist - on Gandhi upon his death Generations to come will scarce believe that such a one as this walked the earth in flesh and blood.

53 Raj Ghat- memorial to Mahatma Gandhi, Delhi

54 Independence from British- 15 August 1947 (()) After long struggle by millions of people & non violence movement Partition into India & Pakistan Independence day 15 August

55 National Festivals (holidays) Independence day-15 August Republic of India-26 January 1950 Gandhi- Father of the Nation & 2 October celebrated Gandhi Birthday!United Nations declare 2 October as International day of Non- Violence (from 2007)

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57 India Delhi- Capital (National Capital Territory of Delhi) 28 States -each state has capital city Cities Delhi Mumbai (Bombay) Chennai (Madras) Kolkata (Calcutta) Bangalore 7500 km Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh & Uttarkhand cold Northern states including Delhi hot (~2 C to 44 C) Southern states near sea moderate (18 C to 35 C)

58 Origin of languages 34.%\Z Sanskrit ancient language Dravid language Hindi English Hindi as National language _XÅÆ%: KL4 English 21 other 22 official languages_çè4: ½4

59 Ashoka Chakra (Wheel of Dharma ) Lion Capital of Ashokatop of Ashok Pillar, Sarnath Museum(Banaras) Currency : Rupees

60 People_¾À.%É^ Hinduism (80%) Islam (15%)- (2 nd largest population of world) Buddhism, Jainism, Sikhism (3%) Christianity, Judaism, Parsis (2%)

61 Festivals_56 Diwali Holi Rakhi Buddha Birthday etc.. Guru Nanak B day Mahavir Jyanti Id Christmas Hindus, Jains, Sikhs Sikhs Jains Muslims Christians

62 Diwali- festival of light

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67 Wedding Traditional dress- Sari (~5000 years) N Ê %T %~5000Ÿ%N

68 Indian Wedding Mandap -platform Ceremony

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70 Banaras (Varanasi )_YUXJ Oldest continually inhabited cities in the world _FË%ÌÍÎ%0J Religious city _12œ%0J Ganga river- holy river_ ÏyÐÑ(^ Ò*) Origin of Buddhism_ n2.%ózy Ramayana epic written in Hindi_UVWXO PQR:

71 Banaras, Uttar Pradesh Ganga river_/012

72 Hindu temple Kesava Temple, Somanathapura, 1268 CE

73 Buddhist temple Jain temple Adinath Temple in Ranakpur Mahabodhi temple, Bodh Gaya

74 Sikh temple Mosque Golden temple- Sikh Gurudwara Jama Masjid (17 century)

75 Church St Catedral at Old Goa, 1562

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78 Gate to Taj Mahal, Agra

79 Taj Mahal, Agra, by Shah Jahan (1653)

80 Marvel carving, Taj Mahal

81 Ajanta Caves, Aurangabad (2 Century, BCE ) Painting, Buddhist religious art

82 Gateway India, Mumbai (1911)

83 Jaipur, Rajasthan Hawa Mahal (Wind Palace) Jal Mahal ( Water Palace)

84 Jaisalmer, Rajasthan Jaisalmer fort Mehrangarh_Fort

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86 The Parliament House

87 Red Fort by Shah Jahan (1639)

88 Qutab Minar-tallest minaret in the world, Iron Pillar, 1600 years old

89 India Gate,

90 Akshardham Temple (Delhi) largest Hindu temple in world

91 Lotus temple, Bahi temple

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93 Problems_/0.%;6Ô Large Population(1 billion _ÕÖ%/É 0 2 nd largest populated country of the world _tø[s%lùúœ%/é 0O%Õf Shortage of resources_3456 Education _2Û;6 Increase agriculture productivity_ü.ýo

94 India Largest democracy of the world _yšþ%àëë. Diverse country _I;ß%¾O Multi language(i34) Multi ethnic societies (IÀà) Multi religion (I12)