UPKAR PRAKASHAN, AGRA-2

Transcription

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2 By Dr. C. L. Khanna UPKAR PRAKASHAN, AGRA-2

3 Publishers Publishers UPKAR PRAKASHAN (An ISO 9001 : 2000 Company) 2/11A, Swadeshi Bima Nagar, AGRA Phone : , , Fax : (0562) , care@upkar.in, Website : Branch Offices : 4845, Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi Phone : /66 28, Chowdhury Lane, Shyam Bazar, Near Metro Station, Gate No. 4 Kolkata (W.B.) Phone : Pirmohani Chowk, Kadamkuan, Patna Phone : B-33, Blunt Square, Kanpur Taxi Stand Lane, Mawaiya, Lucknow (U.P.) Phone : /B, R.R. Complex (Near Sundaraiah Park, Adjacent to Manasa Enclave Gate), Bagh Lingampally, Hyderabad (A.P.) Phone : The publishers have taken all possible precautions in publishing this book, yet if any mistake has crept in, the publishers shall not be responsible for the same. This book or any part thereof may not be reproduced in any form by Photographic, Mechanical, or any other method, for any use, without written permission from the Publishers. Only the courts at Agra shall have the jurisdiction for any legal dispute. ISBN : Price : (Rs. One Hundred Ten Only) Code No Printed at : UPKAR PRAKASHAN (Printing Unit) Bye-pass, AGRA

4 Contents 1. Bihar : At a Glance Bihar : Special and Current Facts Physical and Geographical Location Bihar : A Historical Background Bihar : Drainage Climate of Bihar Vegetation of Bihar Soils of Bihar Agriculture in Bihar Irrigation and Hydel Projects in Bihar Industries in Bihar Mines and Minerals Means of Transport in Bihar Means of Communication in Bihar Education in Bihar Health Dialects and Languages of Bihar Important Festivals, Fairs and Occasion of Bihar Newspapers or Magazines of Bihar Banking in Bihar Population in Bihar Folk Music of Bihar 82 83

5 ( iv ) 23. Bihar : Historical and Tourist Spots Administration of Bihar Governors/Chief Ministers of Bihar Important Personalities of Bihar Contribution of Bihar in Freedom Movement Painting, Sculpture and Architecture Wild Life Sanctuaries and National Parks Important Prizes and Awards of Bihar Important Literary Persons of Bihar and their Writings Sports in Bihar Districts of Bihar and thier Descriptions Bihar Timeline (Upto 1947) Various Facts : At a Glance Multiple Choice Questions

6 Bihar : General Knowledge

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8 1 Bihar : At a Glance State day (Bihar Diwas) 22 March State symbols : State Animal Sparrow State Flower Marigold State Tree Peepal Administration Capital Patna Governor Dr. D. Y. Patil Chief Minister Jeetan Ram Manjhi Divisions 9 Districts 38 Sub-Divisions 101 CD Blocks 534 Number of Panchayats at each level 1. Zilla Parishads Panchayat Samitis Gram Panchayats 8471 Total 9040 Revenue Villages 45,103 Urban Agglomerations 14 Towns 199 (Statutory 129, Non-Statutory 60) Police Stations 853 (Civil Police Stations 813, Railway Police Stations 40) Police Districts 43 (Civil Police District 39, Railway Police District 4) Geographical Information Latitude " ~ " N Longitude " ~ " E

9 4 Bihar G.K. Total Area 94, sq. kms Rural Area 92, sq. kms Urban Area 1, sq. kms Height 173 Feet above Sea-Level Normal Rainfall 1,205 mm Avg. Number of Rainy Days 52.5 Days in a Year Climate Sub-tropical humid Temperature Maximum of 43 C in summer to a minimum of around 5 C in the winters Relative Humidity Up to 100% during summer Principal Languages Hindi, Bhojpuri & Maithili Soil of Bihar Clay Soil, Sandy Soil, Loamy Soil. Main Rivers Ganga, Saryu, Gandak, Bagmati, Koshi, Sone, Punpun, Phalgu. Connectivity Bihar is well connected by roads NH 30 & 31 connects Varanasi, Lucknow, New Delhi and Kolkata. National Waterway No. 1 is used for cargo transport between Haldia (West Bengal) and Patna. Air services connect Patna with Kolkata, Ranchi, Lucknow, Kanpur, Delhi, Guwahati, Ahmedabad, Allahabad and Kathmandu (Nepal). State is well connected by railway network with major city of Kolkata, Delhi, Ranchi, Bombay, Varanasi, Jammu, Guwahati etc. Length of Roads ( ) National Highway : kms, State Highway : kms, Other P.W.D. Road : kms. Geographical Boundaries North Nepal, South Jharkhand, East West Bengal, West Uttar Pradesh Length & Breadth Length North to South 345 kms. Breadth East to West 483 kms. Physical divisions The north Bihar Plain and South Bihar Plain. State Capital Patna (It was once Capital of the Mighty Magadh Empire.) Patna was known in ancient times as Pataliputra, Pataligrama, Pushp Pur, Kusumpur and Azimabad etc. Symbol of the City Golghar Important River The Ganga Important Bridge The Mahatma Gandhi Setu (The Longest River Road Bridge, across the River Ganga which connects North Bihar (Hazipur) and South Bihar (Patna) Airport Jayaprakash Narayan International Airport, Patna; Gaya International Airport, Gaya High Court Patna High Court State's Official Languages Hindi / Urdu Divisions 9 (Patna, Magadh, Saran, Tirhut, Darbhanga, Koshi, Purnea, Bhagalpur, and Munger) Districts 38 (Arwal, Patna, Nalanda, Rohtas, Bhabhua, Bhojpur, Buxar, Gaya, Jehanabad, Nawada, Siwan, Gopalganj, Sitamarhi, Muzaffarpur, Shivahar, West Champaran, East Champaran, Vaishali, Darbhanga, Madhubani, Samastipur, Saharsa, Supaul, Madhepura, Purnia, Araria, Kishanganj, Katihar, Banka, Bhagalpur, Munger, Lakhisarai, Aurangabad, Saran, Shekhpura, Jamui, Khagaria and, Begusarai) Food Habits Rice, Dal, Chapaties, Vegetables, Non-Vegetarian items; Items of Gram Flour; Litti, and Chura-Dahi (Curd) in Mithila. Common Languages Hindi, Urdu & Local Dialects (Bhojpuri, Magahi, Maithili) Festivals Chhath (Oct.- Nov.), Jeutia, Teej, Godhan, Buddha Purnima, Shrawani Purnima (Kanwar Festival when Pilgrims collect holy water from the Ganga at Sultanganj and offer it to Lord Shiva at Deoghar (Jharkhand), Madhu Shravani of Mithila, Pitripaksha etc. Art and Craft Madhubani Paintings, Appliqué work, Bamboo products, Jute products Important Fairs Harihar Kshetra (Sonepur) Cattle Fair is one of the biggest Cattle fair in Asia. Shrawani Fair of Sultanganj. Traditional Costumes Male Kurta-Dhoti, Kurta-Pajama, Pant-Shirt; Female Saree, Salwar- Kurta Districts having the largest area Lakhisarai, Gaya, West Champaran and East Champaran. Industries Sponge Iron, Oil Refinery, Forging, Fertilisers, Jelly Filled Commu nication Cables, Watch Factory, Fruit Processing, Bulk Drugs.

10 Bihar G.K. 5 Crops Paddy, Wheat, Maize, Pulses, Sugarcane, Potatoes, Tobacco, Oilseeds, Onion, Chilies, Jute, Mesta Census 2011 Description Actual Population 104,099,452 82,998,509 Male 54,278,157 43,243,795 Female 49,821,295 39,754,714 Population Growth 25.42% 28.43% Percantage of total 8.60% 8.07% Population Sex Ratio Child Sex Ratio Density/km 2 1, Density/mi 2 2,863 2,283 Area km 2 94,163 94,163 Area mi 2 36,357 36,357 Total Child Population (0-6 Age) 19,133,964 16,806,063 Male Population (0-6 Age) 9,887,239 8,652,705 Female Population (0-6 Age) 9,246,725 8,153,358 Literacy % % Male Literacy % % Female Literacy % % Total Literate 52,504,553 31,109,577 Male Literate 31,608,023 20,644,376 Female Literate 20,896,530 10,465,201 Important Cities situated at the Banks of Rivers Ganga Patna, Buxar, Mokama, Munger, Bhagalpur. Saryu Chhapra. Gandak Hazipur, Sonpur, Muzaffarpur Son Dahri-on-son. Phalgu Gaya. Important Rivers of Bihar and their sources of Origin Ganga from Gangotri Glaciers. Saryu (Ghaghra) from Nampa (Nepal). Gandak Annapurna from Manangmoth and Kulong (Middle Himalayas). Buri-Gandak from Someshwar ranges. Bagmati from Mahabharat range of Himalayas in Nepal. Kamla from Mahabharat range of Himalaya in Nepal. Kosi from Saptkoshi (East Nepal) Son from Amarkantak ranges in M.P. Punpun from plateau area of Madhya Pradesh. Karmnasa from Vidhyanchal ranges. Ajai from Bat Para place, 5 km south from Chakai area in Jamuie district. Birth Place of Important Personalities Dr. Rajendra Prasad Jai Prakash Narain Veer Kunwar Singh Vidhyapati Mandan Mishra Sri Krishan Singh Guru Govind Singh Fanishwar Nath Renu Ramdhari Singh Dinkar Shiv Poojan Sahai Zeradai (Siwan) Sitabadeyara (Chhapra) Jagdishpur (Bhojpur) Vishffi (Darbhanga) Mishi (Saharsa) Munger Patna Oorahi, Hingana (Araria) Simria (Munger) Onnwas (Bhojpur) Important Institutes of Bihar Year of Name of the Institute Place Establishment 1. Bihar Rastrabhasha Patna 1950 Parishad 2. Bihar Hindi Sahitya Patna 1919 Sammalen 3. Bihar Urdu Academy Patna Kala-Bhawan Purnia Ram Kishan Mission % Vaishali Sangh % Bihar Research Society Patna Mithla Sanskrit Vidyapeeth Darbhanga Prakrat and Jain Shastra Vaishali 1955 Sodh Sansthan 10. Arabic and Persian Patna Research Institute 11. Gaya Museum Gaya Patna Museum Patna Sri Krishna Vigyan Kendra Patna Rajendra Smarak Museum Patna 1963

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