Merging of Two Rivers. Christianity and Hinduism
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1 Merging of Two Rivers Christianity and Hinduism Fr. Joseph P. Chacko, M.A., L.P.C, B.C.C Chaplain, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 2013 MFMER slide-1
2 Learning Objectives The participants will be able understand Who is a Hindu? The differences between Popular Hinduism and Scriptural Hinduism The Great Two Epics: Ramayana & Maha- Bharatha Vedas and Vedantas Inculturation and Eastern attempts Indianization and Western attempts 2013 MFMER slide-2
3 River Ganges and River Jordan 2013 MFMER slide-3
4 Water = H 2 O 2013 MFMER slide-4
5 Hinduism and Christianity 2013 MFMER slide-5
6 Can CHRISTIANITY merge with HINDUISM? Can HINDUISM merge with CHRISTIANITY? 2013 MFMER slide-6
7 Two Types of Religions Natural Religions Hinduism Buddhism Paganism Religions Revealed Judaism Christianity Islam Tribal Religions Confucianism 2013 MFMER slide-7
8 A Point Where the Creator and the Creature Meet 2013 MFMER slide-8
9 Hinduism 2013 MFMER slide-9
10 Other Names for Hinduism Sanadhana Dharma = Eternal Religion Manava Dharma = Religion of Humanity Arya Dharma = Noble Religion Vaidiki Dharma = Religion of Knowledge 2013 MFMER slide-10
11 Who Is A Hindu? Comes from the Persian language. Referred to the people who lived in the other side of River Indus or Sindu (Indus, presently in Pakistan). Anyone in India, who is not a Christian, Muslim, Sikh, Buddhist, Jain, Parsi (Zoroastrian), and Jew. Strictly speaking, though tribels are not Hindus, they are also considered as Hindus MFMER slide-11
12 2013 MFMER slide-12
13 2013 MFMER slide-13
14 Who Is A Hindu? One who believes in the supremacy of VEDAS and lives in accordance with DHARMA. (Dharma = righteousness: good moral and ethical practices in accordance with the Vedas/scriptures) MFMER slide-14
15 Major Hindus Scriptures (Texts) PURANAS Ancient stories VEDAS Knowledge (Four Vedas) UPANISHADS END OF VEDAS Philosophical Discourses ITHIHASA - Epics JOTHISHA- Astrology CHARAKA SAMHITA AYURVEDA Medical Science 2013 MFMER slide-15
16 Two Forms of Hinduism Popular Hinduism Two great epics: Ramayana & Mahabharatha Puranas (Old Stories) Polytheism Gods and Goddesses Scriptural Hinduism Vedas Upanishads Monotheistic Philosophical 2013 MFMER slide-16
17 Popular Hinduism 2013 MFMER slide-17
18 Devas (Suras) & Asuras Benevolent super human beings Shining beings Live in heaven Malevolent super human beings Forces of evil Live in Pathala (Nether world) 2013 MFMER slide-18
19 God Can Appear to Humans in Multiple Names and Forms (Eshwar) 2013 MFMER slide-19
20 TRIMOORTHIS: Brahma, Vishnu, Shiva 2013 MFMER slide-20
21 Whenever there is decay of righteousness O! Bharatha And a rise of unrighteousness then I manifest Myself! Avatars For the protection of the good, for the destruction of the wicked and for the establishment of righteousness, I am born in every age (Gita IV:7-8) The purpose of Avatar is to establish order MFMER slide-21
22 Brahma & Saraswati 2013 MFMER slide-22
23 Vishnu & Lakshmi 2013 MFMER slide-23
24 SHIVA & Parvathi (DURGA) 2013 MFMER slide-24
25 Two Sects SHIVISM (Shivites) Worshipers of Lord Shiva Mainly in South India Vaishavism (Vaishanavites) Worshipers of Lord Vishnu Mainly in North India 2013 MFMER slide-25
26 Two Great Epics Ramayana Mahabharatha 2013 MFMER slide-26
27 Scriptural Hinduism 2013 MFMER slide-27
28 Four Vedas Rig-veda Praises Sama-veda- Melodies Yajur-veda - Sacrifices Adarva-veda Occult? Ayur-veda = Health (upaveda) 2013 MFMER slide-28
29 Upanishids (Vedantas) Brahman & Atman 2013 MFMER slide-29
30 Brahman & Atman Brahman = God No Beginning, No End Omni Potent Omni Present Atman = Soul Inside of the creature Eternal (body is mortal, soul is eternal) Can enter into other forms (rebirth) 2013 MFMER slide-30
31 Advaita Vedanta God (Brhaman) is One If you are experiencing Brahman in duality, it is because of ignorance (avidya) 2013 MFMER slide-31
32 Brahman & Eshwar Eshwar is the personification of Brahman Can come in different forms (The reason for Polytheism) Can be a lover, protector, family deity, a holy man/woman, animal It is a personal God 2013 MFMER slide-32
33 2013 MFMER slide-33
34 Brahmins Priests Four Castes Kshatriyas Warriors Vaisias - Working class/business class Shudras Subservient 2013 MFMER slide-34
35 Four Goals of Life Dharma ( Righteousness, Duty) Ardha ( Security) Kama (Enjoyment) Moksha (Heaven, Liberation) 2013 MFMER slide-35
36 Four Core Principles Dharma = Individual ethics, duties and obligations Samsara= Life in the world (cycle of action, reaction, birth, death, and rebirth) Karma = Personal (right) actions (moral law of cause and effect) Moksha= Salvation 2013 MFMER slide-36
37 Four Stages of Life Brahmacharya = Learning Gruhastashrama = Household affairs Vanaprastha = Retirement Sanyasa = Renunciation 2013 MFMER slide-37
38 Four Ways to Attain Moksha (Salvation, Heaven) BHAKTI MARGA (Path of devotion) KARMA MARGA (Path of dutiful actions) JNANA MARGA (Path of knowledge Vedas ability to know what is real vs. illusion) YOGA MARGA (Controlling of mindconsciousness 2013 MFMER slide-38
39 Bodhi sathva Enlightened Self Yogi Yoga = Practice Union 2013 MFMER slide-39
40 Are we able to see Jesus out of his Semitic identity? 2013 MFMER slide-40
41 Jesus: the Bodhisattva (Enlightened Being) 2013 MFMER slide-41
42 Inculturation The word became flesh and dwelt among us. (John 1:14) 2013 MFMER slide-42
43 Muslim Attempt Akbar the Great ( ) His Contribution Included Hindus and Christians in his court Din-i-illahi = Divine faith : Faith derived form the teachings of Islam, Hinduism, Christianity, Jainism and Zoroastrianism. Practiced religious tolerance 2013 MFMER slide-43
44 Socio-Religious-Political Condition Hinduism and Islam British rule English education, religion, and philosophy. Caste system, Sati, situation of women, Brahmanic supremacy. Contributions of Christianity to Europe (Protestant reformation) Anti-colonial attitude 2013 MFMER slide-44
45 Raja Ram Mohan Roy ( ) Father of Modern India Founder of Brahmo Samaj Assembly of worshipers of Brahman The (nameless) unsearchable Eternal, Immutable Being who is the Author and Preserver of the Universe To abolish caste system, dowry, sati For the emancipation of women 2013 MFMER slide-45
46 Indianization (Hindu) Attempts 2013 MFMER slide-46
47 Kesabu Chandra Sen ( ) Embraced Christian thinking, ideas and even British rule New Dispensation (integrating Christian and Hindu religions) Jesus Christ, Europe and Asia (1866) 2013 MFMER slide-47
48 Sadhu Sundhar Singh(1889 ca.1929) Converted from Sikhism to Christianity (Anglican) at the age of 16. Christianity could not penetrate India unless it was in an Indian way He became a Sadhu (Mendicant). Though he joined an Anglican seminary, he left the seminary for not willing to wear western clerical dress Indian Christian mysticism 2013 MFMER slide-48
49 A J Appaswamy ( ) Bishop of Church of South India His father converted to Christianity Studied yoga and mystical practices and mingled Hindu practices with Christian belief came to USA Harvard University K C Banerjee ( ) Converted to Anglicanism Founder of Christo Samaj 2013 MFMER slide-49
50 Manilal C Parekh ( ) Converted to Anglicanism Hindu Church of Christ Jesus-Yogi (Born as Yogi) A Hindu Disciple of Christ (Christian- Hindu) Published in 1943 A Hindu s Portrait of Jesus Christ P. Chenchiah ( ) Converted to Christianity Judge in Madras Presidency Founded Madras Christo Samaj Spoke against Western Christian Theology 1938 Rethinking Christianity in India Influenced by Teilhard de Chardin and Sri Aurobindo Ghosh 2013 MFMER slide-50
51 Inculturation (Catholic) Attempts 2013 MFMER slide-51
52 Roberto de Nobili S.J. ( ) 1605 Arrived in Goa Moved to Madurai and started to live and dress like a Hindu sannyasin He used Hindu rituals, Indian customs, local languages for Christian ceremonies He was vehemently opposed by fellow missionaries Pope Gregory XV sanctioned his reforms 2013 MFMER slide-52
53 Fr. Bede Griffith.OSB ( ) Received the name Swami Dayananda Convert from Anglicanism Became a Benedictine Monk Came to India One of the founders of Christian Ashram Movement 2013 MFMER slide-53
54 Henry Le Saux ( ) Benedictine monk Became Abhishiktananda Co-founder of Sachidananda Ashram Indian-Ashram movement MFMER slide-54
55 Fr. Reymondo Panicker. S.J ( ) "I left Europe [for India] as a Christian, I discovered I was a Hindu and returned as a Buddhist without ever having ceased to be Christian. The Unknown Christ of Hinduism (1964) 2013 MFMER slide-55
56 Fr. Amalorpavadas ( ) Founder of Anjali Ashram, Mysore 2013 MFMER slide-56
57 Some Vedic Prayers Om Loka samastha sughino bhavanthu = May all the world be happy From the unreal lead me to real From darkness lead me to light From death lead me to immortality 2013 MFMER slide-57
58 Some Great Thoughts Evam sathyam vipra bahutha vadanti = The truth is one, wise men talk about it differently. Aham Brahmasmi = I am God or I am part of God. Antharayamin = God who is inside. Isavasyam idam Sarvam = God dwells everywhere. God is Satchidananda = Existence, intellect and happiness 2013 MFMER slide-58
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