THE GROWTH OF CRIME RATES IN MAHARASHTRA

Transcription

1 CHAPTER V THE GROWTH OF CRIME RATES IN MAHARASHTRA 5.1: Introduction: The rapidly increasing crimes & the spatical concentration of them have been the most disturbing factors in industrial society. The literacy state is high in the wean society; the criminal tendency is so dominate there. According to Mishap (1967), the increasing the crimes & social conflicts as being external discontents, arrive from the political observation of government with economics growth and a neglect of the social consequence accompanying such politics. In the words of Harries, (1974).The public opinion Pre- indicates that crime is very important issue in the urban complex. Table 5.1 Cognigable Crimes in Maharashtra ( ) Name of the crime Murder Attempt murder to Rape Dacoity Robbery House breaking theft Theft Roit Hurt

2 of Crime Rate in Maharashtra (1981 to 2004) No. of Cognigible Crime Year Figure 5.1: of crime rate in Maharashtra Murder Attempt to Murder Rape Dacoity Figure 5.2: of crime rate in Maharashtra 2

3 Table 5.2 Non cognigable crime Name the crime of Gambling Prohibition Fig 5.3: of Crime rate in Maharashtra (Non cognigable crimes) 3

4 The state of Maharashtra is one of the fore runners states in terms of economical industrial and agricultural field in India. Similarly, the growth of population is very tremendous. Though we find tremendous development and progress in Maharashtra, we also noticed the rate of crime has gone up equally speedly. The crime have been classified in two different types, cognigeable and non cognigeable. Table no 5.1 shows that the growth of different cognigible crimes in Maharashtra during period of It indicates that the growth of murder, attempts to murder, rape and theft has been increased from 1981 upto But from , the growth of these crimes has decreased. The growth rate of dacoity robbery and house breaking theft has been increased from however after 1990 the growth of these crimes has decreased. The increasing trend of the crime of riot is shown contunuosely. Similarly the growth of crime hurt also increased upto It reveals that the general increasing growth pattern of all crimes is shown upto 1993 and it has been declared from Table no 5.2 indicates that the growth of non-ccognigible crimes in Maharashtra. The two crimes of gambling and prohibition are included in this category. The growth of these two crimes was bery high in different periods from 1981to The rate of these crimes is increased but in 1990 to 2004 it is decreasing. This chapter deals with the growth of the crime of murder in the state of Maharashtra in the year 1981, 1984, 1987,1990,1993,1997 & The discussion confines to district level to identity. The districts with the high concentration of murder & the areas with negligible amount of such cases. 5.2 The of Crime of Murder: ( ) Murder can be defined as a crime of Taking some ones life by killing a relative a friends of any person with whom the offender has same enmity of has a desire to plunder someone for money or property am act of murder is performed due to some strong inner forces, sometime consciously & sometimes unconsciously. Its implications remain more complex than in other crimes. We read in newspapers the stereo-type motives behind According to Indian Penal Code, it is an act of causing death of a human being with requisite knowledge & intention. This is definition has a 4

5 number of loopholes, by the murder cases mostly published to create sensation the different newspaper express different motives behind the same cases. The Crime of Murder: It is almost beyond the knowledge of the criminal, and he is not conscious of also of the inner forces that make him do an act murder, and its implications are implicating more in complexity than any other crime, However, the newspaper make the news their and publish murders than every nook and corner in a stereo type of publicity, the news items of murder in the newspaper s indicate diversities of motives in ale the murder cases. Every year hundreds of murders are committed in Maharashtra majority of murder are found to be due to party politics, sexual intrigues, language and trouble making. Only a few murders are such that they are done for pens and gain and whim. The cause for murder has psychological roof in the aggressive killer who takes resort to attack and defense. A state like Maharashtra, which is rapidly increasing in population, so naturally life is cheap which can be destroyed accepted violently or in a normal way. Such things like murder are accepted by the public with a usual sense of resignation The persons who assaults or moment homicides and the situations under which they act are more varied than the categories of murder man slaughter and assaults homicidal personal and violent way. This homicidal person in negligent and his behavior is serious assaults over the victim. Many of these criminals have an international setting and a role of career of killing concept. They have another background of social class, with a family back ground having peerage group of association and defending agencies. The definition of murder according to the Indian penal code is that it is an act of causing death of a human being with requisites knowledge and intention. There are a number of loop holes in the low by which the degree of murder is reduced and even free the culprit from the blame and its consequences. Murder is a major cognizable offence in the pen code. Yet, in Maharashtra, the case of murder are prevalent in a wide spread way. The statistics of murders cases show that the murder incidents are increasing since 1981 in Maharashtra. Temporal and Ecological characteristics of murder: 5

6 In Philadelphia, murder cases were studied and it was found homicides occurred frequently on week ends was found homicides occurred frequently on weekends 66 percent murder happened between Friday and Sunday and 32% murders happened on Saturday only. (Wolfgang, patterns of criminal Homicide; pp ). Bensing and Schroeder found that 62percent of the homicides occurred in cleveland on the same three days (Being and Schroeder, Homicides in an urban community pp; 8-10)while locating occurrence of the act of violence, more particularly in both Philadelphia and Cleveland cases, it was found that the criminal events commonly took place between 8.00 pm and 2.00 am. (Ref:- Bensing and Scherodes, Homicides in an urban community pp 8-10, Wolfgang Patterns of criminal Homicides pp ). In every case, the unsteady state of the mind of the criminal in doing violence was observed and they had relations to the particular days of the week labour and weekend leisure Proximity of persons increased the use of drinks by which the weekends served to increase the potential for their violent out burst. The murder percentage has double the span of 25 years in Maharashtra. According to the rate of percentage, we can divide them into three categories as under: High crime regions in Maharashtra Medium crime regions in Maharashtra Low crime regions in Maharashtra 1. High crime regions in Maharashtra: The district level data (Table No.5.3) between 1981 to 2004 shows that the bulk of murders have gone up in most districts of Maharashtra from In the districts of Osmanabad (Solapur rural, Thane rural and Thane city, Ahamednagar, Nasik rural, the murders are much more in Murder is a big problem in solapur rural and Thane rural area. Similarly Ahamadnagar Nasik and Thane rural have reported increase in the bulk of murder cases. A part of central Maharashtra has high proportion of crimes in the state from 1981 to It is very remarkable that this area in ranked high in most of the cognizable crimes. In 1981, the rate of crimes was high in districts namely. Thane city 4.55 percent, Nasik rural 4.30 percent, Ahamednagar 4.05 percent, Solapur rural 6.51 percent highest in the state Osmanabad 4.30 percent 6

7 In 1984, only Solapur rural, Thane rural, Thane city and Bombay city were the high criminal regions. In Bombay city percent, Thane city 4.55 percent, Thane rural 4.37 percent and Solapur rural 6.51 percent. In 1987, Solapur had 4.31 percent, Thane rural 4.53percent, Nagpur 4.53 percent, Thane city 6.58 percent and Bombay percent, in 1990, the reported percentage of murder crimes were: Solapur rural 5.19 percent, Thane rural 5.48 percent, Nagpur 4.32 percent and Bombay city percent, in the year 1993 only three districts are found to be highest in murder crimes Thane rural 4.61 percent, Thane city 4.54 percent, Bombay city percent, in the year 1997, Thane rural 4.63 percent, Nagpur city 4.67 percent, Thane city 5.34 percent, and Bombay city percent murders were respectively. In the year 2004 the murder crimes recorded were Pune 4.90 percent, Thane rural 5.34 percent, Nagpur city 4.15 percent, Bombay city 9.38 percent. During last ten years the bulk of murder crimes have slowly decreased in Thane rural Thane city and Bombay city. These are usually high crimes regions in Maharashtra. Due to factors the above regions were classified as crime regions. Those factors can be enumerated as below.many crime areas are of hot temperature and the scarcity of rains we may include them drought areas.in these parts property disputes are numerous which lead to numbers.the areas characteristics of their frontiers which does not allow a stable social mould capable of meaningfully enclosing the individual and the group behavior.the political competition and participation of the youth. Communalism, castism, class conflict, sexual dealings and personal recourses to vengeance (bloodthirsty) Jealousy in partnership arising out of frustrated love. Aggressive type of murders belongs to a separate category in which the most frequent murders are due alcoholic condition. In Maharashtra drunkenness plays a big part in murders, assaults and rioting. These are the motivations for murder. In particular parts of Maharashtra the murder crime rate is high. Every year hundred of murder is committed on Maharashtra state. Majority of them are found to have been committed due to reasons like party fends sexual intrigues, revenge, earning easy money, usurping areas property, either for more enjoyment or 7

8 for earning name & publicity or just to spread dread. In a few areas, murder is committed for some personal gains & for killing. Often psychological roots have been observed in an aggressive murder that resorts to attack & defend him. A state of Maharashtra here population has been increasing so rapidly, life seems it have lost its value. If has became so cheap that can be destroyed easily. Now murders are accepted by the public with a general of resignation. Temporal & Ecological Characteristics of Murders: In Philadelphia, murder cases were studied & it was found that homicides occurred frequently on weekends. Of the total 66 percent murders happened only on Saturdays. Bemusing & Schroeder discovered that 62 percent of the total homicides occurred in Cleveland on the some there day. While locating occurrence of the act of violence more particularly in both, Philadelphia & Cleveland, it was found that the criminal events commonly took place between 8.00 pm & 2.00 am. In every case, the unsteady state of criminal mind engaged in violence was observed. According to which, it became clear that the particular days of the week of labor & weekend leisure had a peculiar association. Proximity of persons increased the use of drinks by which the weekends served increase the potential for the violent outbursts of crimes. Table 5.3 shows that the actual number of murder cases has increased in Maharashtra from 1580 in 1981 to 2178 in During this period, the decline in rainfall & consequential low agricultural production might have severely affected the various communities. As has been discovered, more the financial problems, higher are the rate of crimes. It also has been found that the growths of murder cases at district level ranges from the minimum of 1.79% in Kolhapur district to the maximum of 3.04% in Ratanagiri district. In contrast to this observation the substantial decline in the growth rate of murder cases also has been seen in the year 1984 in Akola, Beed, Nanded, Jalgaon, Sangli & Thane districts. While the same rate has been observed below 0% in Satara, Pharbhani, Yavatmal, Solhapur,Osmanabad,Buldhana districts. The average growth rate in Maharashtra state has been percent. In the year 1987, 2248 murder cases were in the Maharashtra. The overall increase indicated is 3.17% over the previous percentage recorded in The highest of it was registered in Parbhani district (71.79%). While the lowest of it was found in 8

9 Osmanabad district (2.98%). The high growth rate of murder cases was discovered in Nagpur, Kolhapur,Yavatmal, Buldhana, Satara, Dhule, Beed & Bhandara. Of these eight districts, Kolhapur and Satara are well developed & well settled, economically, industrially & politically. The political brawls & discontents, envy about one s superiority have been the reasons behind these cases in these two districts. On the other hand, the hot climate prevalence of drought, desire to earn easy money, Poverty, financial crises have been the responsible facts for such cases in Yavatmal, Buldhana, Dhule, Beed and Bhanadara districts. Converse to this, the districts like Mumba, Thane, Sangli, Raigad, Naded, Aurangabad & Ratanagiri, registered this crime cases below 0 % (Minimum 0 %). In the year 1990, the total number of murder crimes registered was 2772, which indications on overall increase of 23.31% over that of registered in The growth rate of murder cases at district level ranges from the minimum of 3.54 % in Satara district to the maximum of 66% in Chandrapur district. Out of the total districts of Maharashtra, 21 districts indicate high growth rate of murder crime, & the remained ones except for Yavatmal, Amaravati, Sangli, Vardha and Pharabhani where it is negative show the positive growth trend. From the year 1990 to 1993, it appears that the growth rate of murder cases has taken towards ascending tendency. The highest number of cases was registered in the district of Mumbai, Yavatmal, Sangli, Beed, Amaravati, Parabhani, Nanded, Nagapur, Jalgaon & Chandrapur. In Mumbai district, the murder crime increased to 57.21%, & in the district of Yavatmal, it increased to 33.33% in the year The total number of cases registered was 3121 in all the districts of Maharashtra, Which indicate the overall growth rate at 12.59% many districts such as Nashik, Ahamadnagar, Thane, Buldhana, Dhule, Kolhapur, Akola, Bhandara, Satara and Solapur indicate the growth rate below 0%. The table 3.1 reveals one striking feature that is in 1993, the great number of murder happened for no specific motives or cases. 9

10 Sr. No Table No 5.3 of Crime Rate in Specific Period of Murder Ratnagiri Parbhani Chandrapur G. Bombay Akola Osmanabad Akola Nagpur Nagpur Yavatmal Bhandara Raigad Beed Kolhapur G. Bombay Sangli Buldhana Nasik Nanded Yavatmal Thane Beed Satara Pune Jalgaon Buldhana Solapur Amravati Nagpur Aurangabad Sangli Satara Nanded Parbhani Amravati Parbhani Thane Dhule Pune Nanded Dhule Thane Wardha Beed Buldhana Nagpur Yavatmal 9.72 Sangli Aurangabad Bhandara Beed Jalgaon Chandrapur 8.16 Ahmadnagar Amravati Amravati Ahmadnagar Chandrapur Nanded 7.69 Solapur Pune Jalgaon Kolhapur Osmanabad Parbhani 2.94 Akola Nasik Solapur 8.99 Dhule Wardha 8.70 Ahmadnagar 2.15 Chandrapur Raigad Wardha 8.70 Jalgaon Raigad 5.36 Solapur Yavatmal Nagpur 9.09 Ahmadnagar 7.35 Bhandara Pune 5.10 Pune G. Bombay Dhule 7.94 Nasik 6.49 Akola Aurangabad 2.27 Jalgaon Nanded Chandrapur 6.52 Pune 3.03 Nasik Ratnagiri 2.27 Wardha Wardha Ahmadnagar 6.25 Chandrapur 2.04 Osmanabad Nasik Thane Beed Bhandara 6.00 Osmanabad 2.98 Aurangabad Ahmadnagar Aurangabad Kolhapur Kolhapur 1.79 G. Bombay Raigad 7.69 Thane Sangli Jalgaon Satara Thane Ratnagiri 7.31 Buldhana Beed Satara Parbhani Sangli Satara 3.13 Dhule Osmanabad Ratnagiri Yavatmal Raigad Yavatmal 0.00 Kolhapur Kolhapur Nagpur Solapur Akola Amravati Akola Ratnagiri Dhule Osmanabad Nanded Sangli Bhandara Nasik Buldhana Buldhana Aurangabad Wardha Satara Raigad Amravati G. Bombay NA Ratnagiri Parbhani Solapur G. Bombay Bhandara Tot al Maharashtra Maharashtra Maharashtra

11 The table further reveals that the volume of murder cases has decreased during the period of years 1997 to The year 1997 registered 2826 as the total number of murder cases which indicate the overall decrease of -9.45% over that of in In this year, the maximum growth rate was seen in Akola district which was 57.14% followed by Bhandara where it was 54.10% the minimum was found in Ahamadnagar which amounted to 2.15%. The positive growth rate was found in 12 districts while 26 districts indicate negative trend. In the year 2004, the total number of murder cases registered was 2696, which shows an overall decrease by -4.60% the maximum growth rate of the cases was 57.35% found in Osmanabad district, followed by Pune with 33.33% & Aurangabad with 20.98%. Parabhani showed 10.00%, Thane 9.92%, Sangli 7.81%, Ahamadnagar 3.16% and Solapur just 1.05%. But Akola, Chandrapur & Yavatmal registered 0% and the rate of the 13 districts indicate negative trend. Though the years 1997 and 2004, indicate the overall decrease in the number murder cases, the shocking thing found is, the more crimes occur in the urban areas which are agriculturally & industrially well developed as well as in the areas which are drought proned. The data collected reveals that there had been the decreases in murder cases (from -9.45% in 1997 to 4.60% in 2004). The reasons for such descending trend could be the following ones: 1) The person who communist such an act of murder knows very well how imminently dangerous it can be, that may probably cause physical Injury of death. Perhaps, the knowledge & the awareness about the sequences prior to the act have reduced the growth rate of murder cases during the period mentioned above. 2) Higher percentage of literacy has definite close association with the lower occurances of such crimes. Maharashtra has some district like Pune, kolhapur, Nagpur, Ahmadnagar & Satara with high literacy percentage.consequently there low growth of crime of murder. 3) The district having overall development economically sound conditions & even cultural richness have contributed to bring down the crime rate. 4) The low growth rate of crime in districts like Akola, Aurangabad, Satara, Sangli., Buldhana, Ratnagiri, Nashik, Raigad, Jalgaon & Dhule can be attributed to the increasing awareness among the masses regarding avaricious act of murder. 11

12 5.3 Attempts to Murder: ( ) The second major & serious, cognizable crime is an attempt to murder. According to Indian penal code(ipc), an attempt to murder is, whoever does any act with an intention to cause death would be held guilty & shall be punished with imprisonment of either 104 for a term which may be extended to ten year, & shall also be liable to fine, & if, hurt is caused to any person by such an act, the offender shall be liable either to 104 ( imprisonment for life) or to such punishment as is herein before mentioned. A person involved in an attempt to murder case is psychologically unbalanced, disturbed person, who suffers from certain phobia, & jealousy emerging out of family feuds & brawls & hence, the culprit attempt to remove the one whom he holds his opponent. Under such circumstance, he seems to have lost his senses, his wit & hence, beyond understanding the seriousness of punishment his crime may incur. The offence of attempting to murder is equivalent to actual murder. Sometime such crimes are done by persons at the commands of some politically influential persons or some landlords, where, it is done to gain some money for meeting the daily need. Sometimes, it is done under the effect of mob psychology. At such occasions, the culprit, whether literate or illiterate, doesn t matter. The offence sometimes is committed unceasingly under the influence of uncontrollable anger, superiority complex, person s prejudices etc. In Maharashtra, it is observed that the crime of attempt to murder has occurred in the areas which are drought prone as well the areas which have ample rainfall. The majority of the criminals involved in this crime are found to be the youngsters who are swayed away by the false impact of T.V. programs & hot scenes in films. The influence of weather, the climatic conditions & geographical features also affect the minds of the inhabitants of peculiar districts which induce them to commit crimes such as attempt to murder. Table 4.4 In the year 1981, the total number of cases of attempt to murder in Maharashtra registered was 580 & in the year 1984, it was 837. The average percentage of the growth rate of this crime in Maharashtra was 4.31%. The highest percentage was recorded in Bhandara district which amounted to 6.25% & the minimum of it was found in Kolhapur district which was as low as 4.76% and Pune 4.00%. The growth 12

13 Table No 5.4 of Crime Rate in Specific Period of Attempts to murder Sr. No Bhandara Yavatmal Bhandara Buldhana Solapur Parbhani Yavatmal Satara Solapur Beed Pune Yavatmal Wardha Solapur Chandrapur Osmanabad Sangli Nanded Beed Sangli Nanded Parbhani Thane Nasik Raigad Nagpur Bombay Nanded Nagpur 6.00 Kolhapur Chandrapur 62.5 Chandrapur Jalgaon Nagpur Chandrapur 2.04 Dhule Parbhani Beed Sangli Satara Kolhapur 0.00 Ahmadnagar Dhule Aurangabad Nasik Yavatmal Satara 0.00 Aurangabad Thane Akola Ratnagiri Akola Wardha Chandrapur Aurangabad Amravati Parbhani Jalgaon Akola Beed Akola Ahmadnagar Beed Bombay Raigad Thane Nagpur Bombay Ahmadnagar Ahmadnagar Ahmadnagar Akola Nasik Osmanabad 12.5 Dhule Raigad Buldhana 7.11 Jalgaon Ahmadnagar Raigad Buldhana Chandrapur Ratnagiri Buldhana Osmanabad Kolhapur 9.09 Akola Wardha Bhandara Osmanabad Jalgaon Dhule 8.23 Wardha Aurangabad Nanded Sangli Kolhapur 4.76 Pune 3.85 Kolhapur Kolhapur Aurangabad Wardha Pune 4.00 Jalgaon 7.07 Pune Ratnagiri 12.5 Osmanabad Raigad Nanded Ratnagiri 0.00 Thane Bhandara 9.09 Amravati Solapur Buldhana Buldhana Amravati 6.52 Dhule Yavatmal Amravati Amravati Nanded Osmanabad 0.00 Amravati Nasik Bhandara Satara Parbhani Yavatmal Sangli Dhule Satara Sangli Wardha Nagpur Pune Beed Bombay Ratnagiri Nasik Aurangabad Nasik Parbhani Pune Solapur Thane Satara Thane Jalgaon Nagpur Bombay NA Bhandara Raigad Solapur Bombay Ratnagiri Tot al Maharashtra Maharashtra Maharashtra

14 rate of this crime registered in other districts was as follows: Yavatmal 300%, Vardha %, Beed 83.33%, Raigad 68.75%, Chandrapur 62.5%, Parbhani 61.54% & Dhule 60%. The district such as Yavatmal, Beed, Parbhani belong to not climatic belt, while Bhandra, Raigad, Chandrapur and Dhule belong to tribal populated belt, where illiteracy prevails & hence, disregard to law & order gains. The rest of the district such as Thane, Aurangabad, Akola, Nagpur, Ahamednagar, Osmanabad, Jalgaon, Kolhapur and Pune show the negative growth rate of this crime. The comparision between the growth rates of this crime case recorded in 1987 with that of in 1984, it is observed that there is reductions in the cases by 14.22%.In the year 1987, the maximum percentage of this crime was recorded upto %.In Yavatmal districts & the minimum of it to 7.70% in Jalgaon district. Ratnagiri district recorded 0% growth & the district like Buldhana, Nanded, Parbhani, Vardha, Nashik, Thane and Bhandara showed the negative trend. The total number of cases of attempt to murder registered on Maharashtra in 1990 was The average growth rate amounts to 35.77% out of 26 districts, 11 districts indicate the high growth rate which is above 50%. The other 11 districts show the range of it between 6.52% to 43.38%. The remaining 4 district show shows the negative trend. However, the comparison of the growth rate in 1990 with that of in 1987 appears almost doubled, which perhaps was due to political fends, elections clashes, financial disputes, unemployment etc. The year 1993, the average growth rate came down 22.27%. However, some district like Buldhana (116.67%), Beed (96.30%), Osmanabad (85.18%), Parbhani (78.57%), Nanded (73.53%) Nagpur(61.29%) & Satara (58.62%) registered the high growth rate. Akola, Jalgaon, Mumbai, Ahmednagar, Raigad, Chandrapur, Vardha, Aurangabad, Kolhapur, Ratnagiri & Bhandara district etc. Registered the cases ranging from 9.09% to 46.39%. The rest of them, such as Sangli, Solapur, etc. showed the negative trend. In the years 1997 & 2004, again, it is observed that the growth rate has declined.in the year 1997, the highest of it was registered in Solapur district which was 67.86% followed by Pune ( 59.26%). Sangli registered 28.57%, Thane 20.64%, Nagpur 6.00% and Chandrapur, just 2.04% Kolhapur & Satara had 0% the remaining 16 districts indicated the negative rate. 14

15 In the year of 2004, the maximum growth rate of these cases was seen in Parabhani (107.41%) the medium of it in Osmanabad (2.70%). The 10 districts registered the minus growth rate.in comparison to the previous years, this year recorded the lesser cases of attempt to murder. The reasons could be educational, financial & industrial developments, awareness towards civilized outlook & knowledge of law & order among the masses. 5.4 Rate of Dacoits ( ) Dacoits, now-a- days on increasing crime, is certainly very harmful to the social life. Dacoits, though, earn their livings through this act; they cause a lot of suffering, physical & mental to those whom they loot. They cause serious injuries, sometimes, permanent disabilities. Family lives are destroyed. In India different kinds of dacoits are found. Some of them are professional worked out by gangs. Some create terror in particular regions taking advantage of specific geographical conditions. These dacoits exploit the people in the areas. In such cases, they target women & weak people. Recently, it also has been discovered that the dacoits create disturbances at wedding ceremonies & rob the wealth, ornaments & money off & run away with young girls & women. The state of Maharashtra also has witnessed this serious offence. 15

16 Sr. No Table No 5.5 of Crime Rate in Specific Period of Dacoity Pune Wardha Ratnagiri Chandrapur Akola Nasik Chandrapur Yavatmal Wardha Sangli Buldhana Ratnagiri Yavatmal Parbhani Mumbai Bhandara Nanded Bhandara Buldhana Jalgaon Ahmadnagar Osmanabad Pune Raigad Thane Nagpur Amravati Beed Bhandara Osmanabad Nasik Akola Nasik Ratnagiri Satara Satara Jalgaon Aurangabad Dhule Dhule Aurangabad Nanded Nagpur Osmanabad Thane Nanded Solapur Aurangabad Raigad Amravati Solapur Nagpur Jalgaon Jalgaon Akola Satara Kolhapur Solapur Thane Thane Dhule 4.00 Nanded Pune Ahmadnagar Yavatmal 0.00 Pune Aurangabad 0.00 Sangli Osmanabad Parbhani Parbhani Buldhana Bhandara 0.00 Beed Aurangabad Thane Wardha Kolhapur Kolhapur Bhandara Satara Mumbai Mumbai Nagpur Beed Ahmadnagar Buldhana Raigad Sangli Wardha Sangli Chandrapur Akola Satara Kolhapur Chandrapur Nanded Mumbai Bhandara Amravati Amravati Sangli Parbhani Buldhana Raigad Jalgaon Nagpur Solapur Ratnagiri Pune Nanded Pune Dhule Yavatmal Solapur Kolhapur Beed Nasik Ratnagiri Beed Osmanabad Raigad Nagpur Kolhapur Beed Amravati Ahmadnagar Dhule Jalgaon Yavatmal Ahmadnagar Akola Satara Thane Chandrapur Wardha Nasik Mumbai Wardha Solapur Parbhani Akola Chandrapur Ahmadnagar Amravati Nasik Yavatmal Aurangabad Osmanabad Parbhani Mumbai NA Ratnagiri Sangli Buldhana Raigad Dhule Tot al Maharashtra Maharashtra

17 In the year 1984, 632 dacoity crime cases were registered under IPC in Maharashtra. It is observed that during the period of 1981 to 1984, the number of dacoity case has increased. Pune district registered 145% the highest growth rate, while Dhule did the lowest of it 4.00%. Chandrapur recorded 175 % dacoit cases, Yavatmal 77.77%, Buldhana 63.63% cases. The moderate growth rate of dacoity was observed in Thane(48.64%), Nasik(44.00%), Jalgaon(37.50%), Nagpur(25.00%), Raigad(12.90%), Aurangabad & Bhandara districts had 0% growth rate of dacoity & the rest of the 14 districts indicated the negative trend. The year 1987 registered 687 dacoit cases which clearly show the increase over the cases registered in The Maximum dacoits took place in Aurangabad & Yavatmal district & the minimum of them took place in Bhandara districts. Pune, Kolhapur, Ratnagiri, Raigad, Dhule, Thane, Solapur & Nasik district registered negative growth rate. However, in the year 1990, the growth rate of this crime increased so high amounting to 500%. The highest was found in Ratnagiri (500%) followed by Wardha (300%), Mumbai registered the medium growth rate. The average of it all over Maharashstra was found at about 60%.The year 1993, too, recorded the high growth rate in specific regions. Chandrapur had % cases recorded followed by Sangli (450%), Bhandara (220%,) Beed (100%), The Northern Maharashtra & the vidharbha region recorded the highest dacoit cases, 13 districts fell under negative trend amounting to 60% of the total district in Maharashtra. In the year 1997, the highest growth rate of dacoit was recorded in 10 districts Akola (191.66%), Buldhana (133.33), Nanded (93.44%), Pune (71.42%) & Bhandara (62.50%). The medium growth rate was observed in Satara (33.33%), Aurangabad (28.94%), Solapur (28.57%), Jalgaon (23.52%) & Thane (17.94%). The 16 districts recorded 0% growth rate of dacoit. The last year considered for study, i.e. year 2004, also recorded the increase in the growth rate of dacoit. Nasik registered the highest rate. About 6 districts registered the growth rate above 100% while 14 districts recorded the negative trend. 5.5 Rate of Robbery: The crime of robbery, though stated as minor one under Indian Penal code, because it is performed forcibly by one individual or a group of same Individuals, it effects 17

18 losses of wealth, money, jewelry, grains, utensils & such & causes mental & sometimes physical sufferance to those concerned, & hence, it also must be taken seriously. Robbers, if obstructed from their doings, may go to the extremes of serious hurting, even murdering & enforcing rapes on women. Robbers can have no religion, nor a tribe. They range from any age group & sex. Particularly, it found that, these days the people are involved in this crime. The most striking reason behind has been the growing unemployment problem & the frustration it has created among the educated youngsters. The high growth rate of robbery cases were registered in the year 1984 in three districts of Bhandara(54.54%), Buldhana (33.33%) & Thane(25.77%). In Akola and Parabhani districts, the moderate growth rate was registered. The remaining 80% of districts indicated the minus growth rate. In the year 1987, crime of robbery increased Yavatmal recorded 72.34%, Aurangabad 48.29%, Nanded 45.09%, Mumbai 38.54%, Chandrapur 36.58%, Sangli & Kolhapur 28.12%. Three districts- Beed (19.38%), Akola (11.11%) & Nagapur(10%) recorded the moderate growth rate. In the year 1990, the highest growth rate of robbery was found in Dhule (100%), Chandrapur (75.00%) & Ratnagiri (28.00%). The moderate growth was discovered in Mumbai (19.81) & Nanded (14.18%). The remaining about 75% districts indicated either low or minus growth rate of robbery. In the year 1993, the growth rate appeared increased.the high of it was found in pune, Raigad (83.33%), Vardha(76.66%), Osmanabad(90.87%), Jalgaon(35.08%), Beed(31.91%) 18

19 Sr. No Table no 5.6 of Crime Rate in Specific Period of robbery Bhandara Yavatmal Dhule Pune Bhandara Jalgaon Buldhana Aurangabad Chandrapur Raigad Ahmadnagar Chandrapur Thane Nanded Ratnagiri Wardha Satara Nasik Akola Mumbai Mumbai Osmanabad Buldhana 9.52 Pune Parbhani Chandrapur Nanded Jalgaon Thane 5.40 Satara Amravati Sangli Solapur 9.23 Beed Parbhani Thane Raigad Kolhapur Nasik 8.43 Bhandara Aurangabad Aurangabad Nagpur Beed Nagpur 3.33 Parbhani Beed Osmanabad Jalgaon Akola Ahmadnagar 2.06 Nagpur Osmanabad Nanded Kolhapur Nagpur 9.09 Kolhapur Yavatmal Sangli Raigad Aurangabad Buldhana 8.57 Bhandara Ahmadnagar Pune Kolhapur Satara Amravati 5.35 Amravati Akola Mumbai Sangli Nasik Parbhani 4.58 Aurangabad Kolhapur Raigad Ratnagiri Yavatmal Jalgaon Thane Mumbai Nasik Buldhana Pune Nasik Beed Buldhana Nanded Bhandara Ahmadnagar Osmanabad Osmanabad Dhule Solapur Yavatmal Dhule Thane Satara Nanded Akola Dhule Nanded Satara Wardha Satara Yavatmal Amravati Solapur Pune Pune Thane Chandrapur Solapur Ratnagiri Ahmadnagar Parbhani Solapur Nagpur Nagpur Sangli Raigad Akola Chandrapur Amravati Akola Osmanabad Ratnagiri Jalgaon Sangli Dhule Mumbai Beed Wardha Buldhana Amravati Kolhapur Wardha Wardha Dhule Yavatmal Ratnagiri Wardha Ahmadnagar Chandrapur Solapur Raigad Aurangabad Ratnagiri Beed Mumbai NA Bhandara Sangli Nasik Jalgaon Parbhani Tot al Maharashtra Maharashtra

20 & Bhandara(25.00%). Parabhani, Nagapur & Yavatmal recorded the moderate growth rate & while the rest of the districts registered either 0% or the minus ones. The year 1997 also recorded the high growth rate of robbery in Bhandara (25.72%). Satara, Ahamadnagar & Buldhana recorded the moderate growth rate, while the remaining 21 districts (about 85% the total) recorded minus growth rate of robbery which means, the growth rate of robbery is on decline. 5.6 Rate of Crime of House Breaking Theft: ( ) The crime of house-breaking is a little different from other crimes. It is not much serious such as murder, but accidentally, may cause injuries or even murders if opposed while committing this offence. Mostly, the home breaking thefts are committed during night time when the household members are absent. Very rarely, such acts are committed even though the family members are asleep sometimes, during day time also, the house breaking thefts take place. Generally, the criminals keep watch on certain houses, they observe when the family members go out & return, the surrounding etc. & when they find the situations conductive to them, they dare house breaking. In the part, the criminals used to break the houses to gain corn & money & jewelry. Today they don t seem to limit them. Same have adopted house- breaking as a profession on to earn their livelihood. Growing unemployment & differences in the society are some of the reasons behind the crime of house-breaking thefts. However, in Maharashtra, the numbers of cases of this crime are very limited in comparison to other crimes. 20

21 Table No 5.7 of Crime Rate in Specific Period of House breaking theft Sr. No Parbhani Yavatmal Dhule Osmanabad Amravati Solapur Thane 2.07 Aurangabad Amravati Beed Thane Nasik Solapur Ratnagiri Ahmadnagar Jalgaon Bhandara Mumbai Ratnagiri Amravati Aurangabad Raigad Satara Pune Osmanabad Pune Nanded Mumbai Ratnagiri Sangli Amravati Thane Ratnagiri Nagpur Chandrapur Osmanabad 0 7 Sangli Sangli Chandrapur Dhule Raigad 9.58 Chandrapur 0 8 Wardha Nanded 8.78 Nasik Sangli Parbhani 6.93 Beed -2 9 Dhule Mumbai 6.06 Beed Nanded Mumbai 6.26 Parbhani Jalgaon Akola 1.74 Nagpur 4.09 Wardha Nagpur 3.95 Thane Akola Kolhapur 1.22 Satara 3.91 Ratnagiri 7.96 Aurangabad 2.06 Dhule Satara Buldhana 0.00 Wardha 1.78 Kolhapur 3.98 Nanded 1.71 Ahmadnagar Yavatmal Ahmadnagar Osmanabad 1.44 Pune 1.16 Buldhana 0.34 Raigad Bhandara Dhule Mumbai 1.16 Amravati Dhule Jalgaon Beed Wardha Raigad Aurangabad Solapur Akola Kolhapur Satara Buldhana Nasik Jalgaon Wardha Nanded Jalgaon Thane Solapur Nasik Satara Aurangabad Raigad Bhandara Yavatmal Sangli Nanded Nagpur Parbhani Kolhapur Akola Beed Yavatmal Chandrapur Nasik Pune Satara Yavatmal Bhandara Buldhana Beed Akola Thane Osmanabad Kolhapur Nasik Solapur Parbhani Bhandara Wardha Nagpur Pune Chandrapur Solapur Buldhana Ahmadnagar Aurangabad Ahmadnagar Nagpur Yavatmal Ahmadnagar Akola Ratnagiri Raigad Bhandara Sangli Parbhani 1.79 Kolhapur Buldhana Mumbai NA Osmanabad Jalgaon Chandrapur Pune Amravati Tot al Maharashtra Maharashtra

22 During the period of it was almost inconsiderable. Only two districts Parabhani (12.71%) & Thane (2.07%) recorded positive growth rate. All the other districts recorded the minus growth rate of house-breaking. In the year 1987, the crime cases increased. The highest growth rate was found in Yavatmal district (43.44%). Aurangabad (28.37%), Pune (12.84%) Sangli (11.83%), Ratnagiri (18.13%), Thane (12.41%), Akola (11.74%) & Mumbai (6.06%) recorded the positive growth rate. The rest of the districts recorded the minus growth rate. The year 1990, recorded a little increase in the crime. Dhule registered the highest percentage 80.11, follwed by Amaravati (71.10%), Ahamadnagar (42.00%) Nanded (24.22%) & Aurangabad (24.22%), Mumbai (1.16%) Wardha (1.78%), Satara (3.91%), Osmanabad(1.44%), Nagapur(4.09%) showed the law growth rate. While about 12 districts registered minus growth rate. In the year 1993, the highest growth rate of house-breaking was discovered in Osmanabad district (67.61%), followed by Beed (38.97%), Jalgaon (27.90%), Raigad (22.68%), Mumbai (21.28%), Nagpur (20.78%), Dhule (19.15%), Sangli (11.22%), Nanded (16.75%), Vardha (16.49%), Ratnagiri( 7.96% ), Kolhapur (3.98%), & Pune rural (1.16%) recorded moderate growth rate. The other 13 districts recorded minus growth rate. In the year 1997, Bhandara 47.67%, Thane 48.78%, Satara 23.40% & Ratnagiri 22.14% registered the high growth. Kolhapur, Pune, Nanded, Vardha & Sangli Recorded moderate ones & the remaining 13 districts were found having minus growth rate. The year 2004, recorded the comparatively less number of cases of this crime.only the district of Solapur registered the high of 90.80% cases. Pune, Nasik, Mumbai & Sangli had a few cases & The remaining districts were discovered with minus growth rate of house breaking crime cases. 5.7 Rate of Theft: ( ) Theft is supposed to be a simple & common crime, but when considered from the point of view of the sufferer, it should be treated seriously. A sufferer is a person whose money, jewelry & such things are thieved. He or she spends months & years together in accumulating the valuable & within no time everything is lost. In the year 1984, the districts of Sangli & Dhule had the highest record of thefts. The districts of Kolhapur, Satara, Solapur, Beed, Jalgaon, Amaravati & Yavatmal 22

23 followed the above two. The moderate growth rate was found in Osmanabad, Akola, Chandrapur, Nagpur, Bhandara, Nanded, Buldhana, Aurangabad & Ratnagiri, while Raigad & Parbhani recorded very low growth rate of this crime. The year 1987 found a little increase in the growth rate of theft. The districts of Sangli, Jalgaon, and Akola & Yavatmal recorded the maximum growth rate. The reasons were either the well development or the hot & dry climatic conditions. Pune, Beed, Osmanabad, Aurangabad, Buldhana, Vardha, Nagpur & Chandrapr registered the moderate growth rate. These districts having been under the hot climate limited sources of income poverty & infected by naxalite activities & tribal population, the growth rate is still moderate. About 13 districts comprising of 50 percent of the total, show the 0% growth rate. 23

24 Sr. No Table No 5.8 of Crime Rate in Specific Period of Theft Sangli Sangli Beed Osmanabad Chandrapur Aurangabad Dhule Yavatmal Osmanabad Raigad Mumbai Pune Satara Akola Aurangabad Pune Bhandara 3.65 Satara Beed Mumbai Nasik Dhule Beed Osmanabad Wardha Amravati Ratnagiri Ahmadnagar Dhule Solapur Amravati Buldhana 8.90 Dhule Nagpur Pune Sangli Kolhapur Nagpur 8.66 Satara Beed Yavatmal Ahmadnagar Solapur Chandrapur 8.07 Parbhani Ratnagiri Nasik Raigad Jalgaon Pune 6.58 Nanded Wardha 8.49 Amravati Thane Pune Beed 3.44 Amravati Chandrapur 4.50 Solapur Nasik Akola Wardha 2.07 Ahmadnagar 9.81 Bhandara 1.05 Nanded Buldhana Ahmadnagar Aurangabad 1.96 Sangli 5.35 Kolhapur 0.68 Akola Chandrapur Osmanabad Osmanabad 0.62 Nagpur 2.60 Nasik Osmanabad Akola 2 14 Chandrapur Raigad Jalgaon 2.07 Aurangabad Ahmadnagar Jalgaon Nasik Nanded Raigad Solapur Sangli Yavatmal Bhandara Dhule Solapur Satara Jalgaon Ratnagiri Nanded Jalgaon Bhandara Akola Buldhana Nagpur Yavatmal Parbhani Buldhana Yavatmal Kolhapur Wardha Buldhana Satara Yavatmal Amravati Ratnagiri Mumbai Aurangabad Nasik Pune Thane Parbhani Dhule Ratnagiri Ratnagiri Wardha Parbhani Wardha Parbhani Nagpur Bhandara Akola Buldhana Aurangabad Beed Thane Kolhapur Thane Mumbai Satara Bhandara Raigad Ahmadnagar Chandrapur Sangli Nagpur Amravati Parbhani Thane Kolhapur Nanded Thane Nanded Mumbai NA Solapur Mumbai Jalgaon Raigad Kolhapur Tot al Maharashtra Maharashtra

25 In the year 1990, an increase in the growth rate of theft was discovered. About 6 districts registered the maximum, 8 districts the moderate & 11 districts the minus growth rate of theft. The year 1993 also recorded an increase in the growth rate. 5 were found having maximum, seven districts having moderate while 14 districts having low growth rate of theft. In the year 1997, Chandrapur district recorded the high growth rate of theft. Nagpur & Mumbai district registered the moderate growth rate. The remained districts had the low of it. 5.8: rate of Riot: ( ) Riots happen due to various reasons, such as political, religious, communal, electoral differences. Riots, generally, cause loses to public wealth & private properties. Some people lose their lives or suffer disabilities. In social point of view, this crime should be considered the most destructive, physically & psychologically. The social psyche once wounded, requires & lot of time for healing. It creates enmity, especially between two different religions communities & an unhealthy view continues ensuing another riots.. A vicious circle continues. 25

26 Sr. No Table No 5.9 of Crime Rate in Specific Period of riot Beed Aurangabad Nanded Bombay Amravati Bhandara Wardha Sangli Dhule Beed Yavatmal Nasik Thane Parbhani Nagpur Raigad Parbhani Raigad Chandrapur Osmanabad Solapur Wardha Nagpur Beed Raigad Buldhana Bombay Osmanabad Sangli Jalgaon Nasik Ahmadnagar 0.77 Ahmadnagar Nagpur Aurangabad Ratnagiri Nagpur Ratnagiri Satara Akola Chandrapur Satara Kolhapur Kolhapur Chandrapur Bhandara Bhandara Dhule Ratnagiri Jalgaon Parbhani Ratnagiri Buldhana Thane Yavatmal Chandrapur Amravati 9.01 Chandrapur Akola Bombay Buldhana Akola Aurangabad 6.19 Parbhani Osmanabad Pune Pune Wardha Thane 0.99 Kolhapur Satara Solapur Jalgaon Beed Yavatmal 0.00 Dhule 7.43 Nanded Akola Akola Amravati Nasik 0.00 Ahmadnagar 6.59 Pune Wardha Nanded 8.53 Pune Beed Yavatmal 3.23 Jalgaon Nanded Solapur 8.42 Nanded Akola Sangli Ahmadnagar Buldhana Amravati 6.98 Thane Sangli Nanded Nasik 4.11 Aurangabad Bhandara 6.98 Satara Buldhana Pune Thane 2.67 Osmanabad Satara 5.04 Nasik Bhandara Jalgaon Solapur 1.65 Ahmadnagar Dhule 0.00 Nagpur Ratnagiri Buldhana Wardha Chandrapur Ahmadnagar Dhule Kolhapur Thane Raigad Kolhapur Sangli Yavatmal Pune Solapur Kolhapur Parbhani Parbhani Bhandara Wardha Aurangabad Beed Sangli Osmanabad Raigad Jalgaon Amravati Dhule Yavatmal Aurangabad Solapur Raigad Nasik Ratnagiri Nagpur Bombay NA Bombay Osmanabad Satara Bombay Amravati Tot al Maharashtra Maharashtra Maharashtra