P E R I O D 2 :

Transcription

1 13 BRITISH COLONIES P E R I O D 2 :

2 KEY CONCEPT 2.1 II. In the 17 th century, early British colonies developed along the Atlantic coast, with regional differences that reflected various environmental, economic, cultural, and demographic factors.

3 13 COLONIES

4 CHESAPEAKE & NORTH CAROLINA Jamestown is the 1 st permanent British settlement 1607 Challenges famine, disease, lack of leadership & Native raids Starving Time John Smith restores order Seeking gold tobacco instead John Rolfe Labor intensive Headright system attracts new settlers (indentured servants) Few towns b/c tobacco required large plots of land Impact of tobacco Destroys the land expansion Expansion Native conflicts Labor intensive slavery No diversification in economy Social classes develop w/ wealthy planters at the top Little focus on schools, those who were rich sent their kids to England

5 NEW ENGLAND Pilgrims (Separatists) settle in Plymouth Mayflower Compact: self-gov t Puritans Mass. Bay Colony John Winthrop City upon a Hill Close knit communities centered around the church Voting based on church membership Theocracy Stressed education & literacy Not religiously tolerant Climate not conducive for large-scale agriculture Shipbuilding Fishing Farmed corn and beans

6 MIDDLE COLONIES Originally settled by the Dutch New Amsterdam (NYC) Most diverse & tolerant culturally & religiously Pennsylvania haven for Quakers (Society of Friends) Fair treatment of Natives Scots-Irish & Germans settle in PA Huge trading center w/ port cities Cultivated wheat Bread basket

7 SOUTHERNMOST COLONIES & CARIBBEAN Large-scale agriculture of rice & indigo, later cotton The differences in the northern & southern parts of Carolina led to a split Planters from Caribbean settled in SC & some in GA Caribbean sugar plantations ($$$) African slavery Majority of slaves went to South America & Caribbean Often made up the majority of the population control very important Africans merged their traditional culture w/ Christianity Voodoo Santeria worship of saints

8 SALUTARY NEGLECT & SELF-GOV T Salutary neglect colonies were left alone by the crown Distance b/t England & colonies England was preoccupied House of Burgesses (VA) 1 st representative body in the colonies Model for other colonies Right to tax MA voting was based on church membership; other colonies were based on land ownership New Eng town meetings (direct democracy) Elite planters in the south required property to vote White males

9 MASSACHUSETTS Separatists AKA Pilgrims Plymouth 1620 William Bradford 100 settlers; remains small on the outskirts of MA Mayflower Puritans Massachusetts Bay 1630 John Winthrop Model of Christian Charity City upon a hill MA Bay Colony (MBC) 1640 Great Migration 20,000 settlers came to MBC Mostly families as opposed to Jamestown Want to est permanent settlements & willing to work Extremely religious Centered around a church & a school

10 DISSENTERS IN MBC Religiously intense & rigid conformity problems Roger Williams Disagreed w/ Puritan Church over their treatment of Natives Mingling of church & state Banished from the colony Founded Rhode Island 1636 No official religion Separation of church & state Anne Hutchinson Held religious meetings in her home Argued that you don t need to ministers to communicate with God Settled in Rhode Island Thomas Hooker Disagreed w/ how new members are admitted to the church Founded Connecticut 1639

11 DECLINE OF THE CHURCH By mid 1600s, membership was declining New generations less interested Literacy allowed to be more worldly Economic success pulls people away Halfway Covenant (1662) Partial church membership for children of church members Salem Witch Trials (1692) Every event has an explanation Bad things could be the work of the Satan (working through a witch) Reveals the division within the colony

12 ENLIGHTENMENT 1700S Emphasis on reason & logic to understand yourself & the world Challenged answers about the world Given by religious leaders Explanations based on science instead of chance or miracles John Locke natural rights: life, liberty & property State exists to provide for the security of people Rationality, harmony & order

13 GREAT AWAKENING 1730S & 40S Jonathan Edwards Starts the G.A. Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God Intense & emotional sermons Undermines Puritan clergy Rejects predestination Personal relationship with God Renewed interest in religion George Whitefield Great orator the reason why congregations have been so dead, is because dead men preach to them Old light (anti) & New light (pro) Harvard & Yale Old light Princeton & Dartmouth New light Appeals to a wide range of people throughout the colonies New denominations Baptist & Methodist

14 Enlightenment - Emphasis on reason & logic to solve questions about man, govt, religion, etc. - Natural Rights Great Awakening - Emotional expression - No more predestination - Salvation by repenting - Increased religious diversity - Clergy not essential to understand God Both - Challenge authority - Stressed importance of the individual - Leads to American Revolution

15 NATIVES & COLONISTS Relatively peaceful w/ Pilgrims Disputes/Problems: Land w/ expansion of colonists Colonists livestock trampling on Native crops Hunting in Native territory Alcohol as a form of payment Dishonest traders No intertribal unity

16 PEQUOT WAR Pequot was the dominate Native group English form alliances w/ rival Native tribes of the Pequot Colonists are killed & Pequot are blamed Colonists & Native allies surround a Pequot village along the Mystic River Mystic Massacre Set fire to the village Temporary peace in the region but more settlers continue to arrive

17 PEQUOT WAR

18 KING PHILIP S WAR 1675 Puritans try to convert Natives in Praying Towns Not as forceful as the Spanish but had to be a full conversion METACOM (aka King Philip) Chief of Wampanoag Forms alliance w/ other tribes Praying Native warns the English Gets killed! Colonists hang 3 Wampanoag Natives the spark to war!

19 KING PHILIP S WAR 1675 Natives are successful initially Natives have European weapons Formed alliances New England Confederation military & political alliance of NE colonies Natives efforts decline Lack of supplies Breakdown of alliance & some join colonists side Metacom is beheaded SIGNIFICANCE!!! Up to 600 colonists killed Around 3000 Natives killed Last major Native uprising in NE Wampanoag continue to launch small-scale attack on villages Salem Witch Trials